rome whatley. rise of rome the land and peoples of italy italy is a _____________. ideal for...

ROME ROME

WHATLEY WHATLEY

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RISE OF ROMERISE OF ROMETHE LAND AND PEOPLES OF ITALY

ITALY IS A _____________ . IDEAL FOR FARMING.

APENNINE MTNS ARE LESS RUGGED THAN MOUNTAINS IN GREECE. DID NOT DIVIDE THE ITALIAN PENINSULA INTO DISTINCT, ISOLATED COMMUNITIES.

THE LAND AND PEOPLES OF ITALYITALY IS A _____________ . IDEAL FOR

FARMING. APENNINE MTNS ARE LESS RUGGED

THAN MOUNTAINS IN GREECE. DID NOT DIVIDE THE ITALIAN PENINSULA INTO DISTINCT, ISOLATED COMMUNITIES.



APENNINESAPENNINES



RISE OF ROMERISE OF ROME

THE LAND AND PEOPLES OF ITALYLOCATION OF ROME - FAVORABLETIBER RIVER (COULD TRAVEL TO SEA

BUT SAFE FROM PIRATES)DEFENDED BY HILLS

THE LAND AND PEOPLES OF ITALYLOCATION OF ROME - FAVORABLETIBER RIVER (COULD TRAVEL TO SEA

BUT SAFE FROM PIRATES)DEFENDED BY HILLS

Tiber RiverTiber River




THE LAND AND PEOPLES OF ITALYLATINS - INDO-EUROPEAN

LANGUAGE, HERDERS AND FARMERS WHO LIVED IN SETTLEMENTS OF HUTS.

AFTER 800BC, GREEKS AND ETRUSCANS MOVED IN TOO!

THE LAND AND PEOPLES OF ITALYLATINS - INDO-EUROPEAN

LANGUAGE, HERDERS AND FARMERS WHO LIVED IN SETTLEMENTS OF HUTS.

AFTER 800BC, GREEKS AND ETRUSCANS MOVED IN TOO!

THE PEOPLETHE PEOPLE




THE LAND AND PEOPLES OF ITALYGREEKS CAME IN LARGE NUMBERS.

SETTLED IN SOUTH THEN MOVED NORTH. SICILY - ABOUT 2/3 OCCUPIED BY GREEKS.

GREEKS CULTIVATED OLIVES AND GRAPES, PASSED ON THEIR ALPHABET, AND GAVE THE ROMANS ARTISTIC AND CULTURAL MODELS.

THE LAND AND PEOPLES OF ITALYGREEKS CAME IN LARGE NUMBERS.

SETTLED IN SOUTH THEN MOVED NORTH. SICILY - ABOUT 2/3 OCCUPIED BY GREEKS.

GREEKS CULTIVATED OLIVES AND GRAPES, PASSED ON THEIR ALPHABET, AND GAVE THE ROMANS ARTISTIC AND CULTURAL MODELS.

GREEK ALPHABETGREEK ALPHABET

WHERE DID IT COME FROM? THINK ALL THE WAY BACK TO LAST WEEK….. PHOENICIANS

WHERE DID IT COME FROM? THINK ALL THE WAY BACK TO LAST WEEK….. PHOENICIANS




THE LAND AND PEOPLES OF ITALYEARLY DEVELOPMENT OF ROME

INFLUENCED MOSTLY BY THE ETRUSCANS.

ETRUSCANS - TRANSFORMED ROME FROM VILLAGE TO A CITYDRESS - TOGA AND SHORT CLOAK. ORGANIZATION OF THE ARMY

THE LAND AND PEOPLES OF ITALYEARLY DEVELOPMENT OF ROME

INFLUENCED MOSTLY BY THE ETRUSCANS.

ETRUSCANS - TRANSFORMED ROME FROM VILLAGE TO A CITYDRESS - TOGA AND SHORT CLOAK. ORGANIZATION OF THE ARMY

ROMAN CLOTHINGROMAN CLOTHING




ROMAN REPUBLIC509 BC - ROMANS OVERTHREW THE

LAST ETRUSCAN KING AND ESTABLISHED….

REPUBLIC - FORM OF GOVT IN WHICH THE LEADER IS NOT A MONARCH AND CERTAIN CITIZENS HAVE THE RIGHT TO VOTE.

ROMAN REPUBLIC509 BC - ROMANS OVERTHREW THE

LAST ETRUSCAN KING AND ESTABLISHED….

REPUBLIC - FORM OF GOVT IN WHICH THE LEADER IS NOT A MONARCH AND CERTAIN CITIZENS HAVE THE RIGHT TO VOTE.


WAR AND CONQUEST:TWO HUNDRED YEARS OF WAR

BECAUSE ROME WAS SURROUNDED BY ENEMIES.

BY 264, ROMANS HAD DEFEATED THE GREEKS AND CONQUERED SOUTHERN ITALY

WAR AND CONQUEST:TWO HUNDRED YEARS OF WAR

BECAUSE ROME WAS SURROUNDED BY ENEMIES.

BY 264, ROMANS HAD DEFEATED THE GREEKS AND CONQUERED SOUTHERN ITALY

RISE OF ROMERISE OF ROMEWAR AND CONQUEST:

TO RULE ITALY, ROMANS DEVISED THE ROMAN CONFEDERATION.

ROME ALLOWED PEOPLE - ESPECIALLY LATINS - TO HAVE FULL CITIZENSHIP. REMAINING COMMUNITIES WERE MADE ALLIES. THEY REMAINED FREE TO RUN THEIR OWN LOCAL AFFAIRS.

MUST PROVIDE SOLDIERS FOR ROME!!!

WAR AND CONQUEST:TO RULE ITALY, ROMANS DEVISED THE

ROMAN CONFEDERATION. ROME ALLOWED PEOPLE - ESPECIALLY

LATINS - TO HAVE FULL CITIZENSHIP. REMAINING COMMUNITIES WERE MADE ALLIES. THEY REMAINED FREE TO RUN THEIR OWN LOCAL AFFAIRS.

MUST PROVIDE SOLDIERS FOR ROME!!!


WAR AND CONQUEST:ALL LOYAL ALLIES COULD IMPROVE

THEIR STATUS AND EVEN BECOME ROMAN CITIZENS!

SOCIAL MOBILITY!

WAR AND CONQUEST:ALL LOYAL ALLIES COULD IMPROVE

THEIR STATUS AND EVEN BECOME ROMAN CITIZENS!

SOCIAL MOBILITY!




WHY WAS ROME SUCCESSFUL?SENSE OF DUTY, COURAGE, AND

DISCIPLINE. ROMAN HISTORIAN LIVY - PROVIDED

STORIES TO TEACH VIRTUES (EX: CINCINNATUS, THE FARMER THAT WAS CHOSEN AS A TEMPERORARY LEADER TO SAVE ROME FROM ATTACK).

WHY WAS ROME SUCCESSFUL?SENSE OF DUTY, COURAGE, AND

DISCIPLINE. ROMAN HISTORIAN LIVY - PROVIDED

STORIES TO TEACH VIRTUES (EX: CINCINNATUS, THE FARMER THAT WAS CHOSEN AS A TEMPERORARY LEADER TO SAVE ROME FROM ATTACK).


WHY WAS ROME SUCCESSFUL?GOOD DIPLOMATS

WHAT IS A DIPLOMAT?EXTENDED CITIZENSHIP AND ALLOWED

STATES TO RUN THEIR OWN AFFAIRS***COULD EASILY CRUSH REBELLIONS

WITHOUT MERCY THOUGH….***

WHY WAS ROME SUCCESSFUL?GOOD DIPLOMATS

WHAT IS A DIPLOMAT?EXTENDED CITIZENSHIP AND ALLOWED

STATES TO RUN THEIR OWN AFFAIRS***COULD EASILY CRUSH REBELLIONS

WITHOUT MERCY THOUGH….***


WHY WAS ROME SUCCESSFUL?EXCELLED IN MILITARYSTRATEGISTS. AS THEY

CONQUERED, THEY BUILT COLONIES WITH INFRASTRUCTURE (ROADS) SO THEY COULD COMMUNICATE AND TRAVEL THERE EASILY.

WHY WAS ROME SUCCESSFUL?EXCELLED IN MILITARYSTRATEGISTS. AS THEY

CONQUERED, THEY BUILT COLONIES WITH INFRASTRUCTURE (ROADS) SO THEY COULD COMMUNICATE AND TRAVEL THERE EASILY.


WHY WAS ROME SUCCESSFUL?PRACTICAL IN TERMS OF LAW AND

POLITICS!CREATED INSTITUTIONS IN RESPONSE TO

PROBLEMS AS THEY AROSE.

WHY WAS ROME SUCCESSFUL?PRACTICAL IN TERMS OF LAW AND

POLITICS!CREATED INSTITUTIONS IN RESPONSE TO

PROBLEMS AS THEY AROSE.


GOVERNMENT OF ROMEPATRICIANS V. PLEBEIANSPATRICIANS - RICH LANDOWNERSPLEBEIANS - CRAFTSMEN,

MERCHANTS, SMALL FARMERS.

GOVERNMENT OF ROMEPATRICIANS V. PLEBEIANSPATRICIANS - RICH LANDOWNERSPLEBEIANS - CRAFTSMEN,

MERCHANTS, SMALL FARMERS.


THE GOVERNMENT OF ROMEPLEBEIANS AND PATRICIANS BOTH

PARTICIPATED IN GOVERNMENT, BUT ONLY PATRICIANS COULD BE ELECTED TO GOVERNMENT OFFICES.

TWO CONSULS (CHOSEN EVERY YEAR) RAN THE GOVERNMENT AND LED THE ARMY

PRAETOR WAS IN CHARGE OF CIVIL LAW (ANOTHER PRAETOR WAS ADDED TO JUDGE CASES IN WHICH NEITHER PARTY WAS A CITIZEN).

THE GOVERNMENT OF ROMEPLEBEIANS AND PATRICIANS BOTH

PARTICIPATED IN GOVERNMENT, BUT ONLY PATRICIANS COULD BE ELECTED TO GOVERNMENT OFFICES.

TWO CONSULS (CHOSEN EVERY YEAR) RAN THE GOVERNMENT AND LED THE ARMY

PRAETOR WAS IN CHARGE OF CIVIL LAW (ANOTHER PRAETOR WAS ADDED TO JUDGE CASES IN WHICH NEITHER PARTY WAS A CITIZEN).


GOVERNMENT OF ROMESENATE

300 PATRICIANS WHO SERVED FOR LIFE.

GOVERNMENT OF ROMESENATE

300 PATRICIANS WHO SERVED FOR LIFE.


GOVERNMENT OF ROMECENTURIATE ASSEMBLY - ELECTED

THE CHIEF OFFICIALS, SUCH AS CONSULS AND PRAETORS, AND PASSED LAWS.

ORGANIZED BY CLASSES BASED ON WEALTH. WEALTHIEST CITIZENS ALWAYS HAD A MAJORITY!!

GOVERNMENT OF ROMECENTURIATE ASSEMBLY - ELECTED

THE CHIEF OFFICIALS, SUCH AS CONSULS AND PRAETORS, AND PASSED LAWS.

ORGANIZED BY CLASSES BASED ON WEALTH. WEALTHIEST CITIZENS ALWAYS HAD A MAJORITY!!


STRUGGLE OF THE ORDERSCHILDREN OF PATRICIANS AND

PLEBEIANS WERE FORBIDDEN TO MARRY EACH OTHER.

PLEBEIANS RESENTED THIS BECAUSE THEY PROTECTED THE REPUBLIC THROUGH MILITARY SERVICE.

STRUGGLE OF THE ORDERSCHILDREN OF PATRICIANS AND

PLEBEIANS WERE FORBIDDEN TO MARRY EACH OTHER.

PLEBEIANS RESENTED THIS BECAUSE THEY PROTECTED THE REPUBLIC THROUGH MILITARY SERVICE.


STRUGGLE OF THE ORDERSEVENTUALLY, COUNCIL OF THE PLEBS

(471 BC). NEW OFFICIALS, KNOWN AS

TRIBUNES OF THE PLEBS, WERE GIVEN POWER TO PROTECT THE PLEBEIANS.

IN THE FOURTH CENTURY, THEY COULD FINALLY BECOME CONSULS!

STRUGGLE OF THE ORDERSEVENTUALLY, COUNCIL OF THE PLEBS

(471 BC). NEW OFFICIALS, KNOWN AS

TRIBUNES OF THE PLEBS, WERE GIVEN POWER TO PROTECT THE PLEBEIANS.

IN THE FOURTH CENTURY, THEY COULD FINALLY BECOME CONSULS!


ROMAN LAW TWELVE TABLES - 450 BCSimple farming society - oriented.

Inadequate for later roman needs.

ROMAN LAW TWELVE TABLES - 450 BCSimple farming society - oriented.

Inadequate for later roman needs.


ROMAN LAWLAW OF NATIONS

ROMANS CAME TO IDENTIFY THE LAW OF NATIONS WITH NATURAL LAW, OR UNIVERSAL LAW BASED ON REASON. ENABLED THEM TO ESTABLISH STANDARDS OF JUSTICE THAT APPLIED TO ALL PEOPLE.

INNOCENT UNTIL PROVEN GUILTYDEFEND YOURSELF IN FRONT OF A JUDGE

ROMAN LAWLAW OF NATIONS

ROMANS CAME TO IDENTIFY THE LAW OF NATIONS WITH NATURAL LAW, OR UNIVERSAL LAW BASED ON REASON. ENABLED THEM TO ESTABLISH STANDARDS OF JUSTICE THAT APPLIED TO ALL PEOPLE.

INNOCENT UNTIL PROVEN GUILTYDEFEND YOURSELF IN FRONT OF A JUDGE


ROME CONQUERS THE MEDITERRANEANFIRST PUNIC WARS

264 BC - V. CARTHAGEROMANS SENT AN ARMY TO SICILYCARTHAGINIANS CONSIDERED THIS AN

ACT OF WAR (VIEWED SICILIY AS THEIRS).

ROME CONQUERS THE MEDITERRANEANFIRST PUNIC WARS

264 BC - V. CARTHAGEROMANS SENT AN ARMY TO SICILYCARTHAGINIANS CONSIDERED THIS AN

ACT OF WAR (VIEWED SICILIY AS THEIRS).


FIRST PUNIC WARROME DEVELOPED A LARGE NAVAL FLEET. DEFETED CARTHAGE OFF THE COAST OF

SICILIY. CARTHAGE VOWED REVENGE AND ADDED

LANDS IN SPAIN TO MAKE UP FOR THE LOSS OF SICILY.

ROMANS ENCOURAGED SPANISH ALLIES TO REVOLT AGAINST CARTHAGE….

HANNIBAL!

FIRST PUNIC WARROME DEVELOPED A LARGE NAVAL FLEET. DEFETED CARTHAGE OFF THE COAST OF

SICILIY. CARTHAGE VOWED REVENGE AND ADDED

LANDS IN SPAIN TO MAKE UP FOR THE LOSS OF SICILY.

ROMANS ENCOURAGED SPANISH ALLIES TO REVOLT AGAINST CARTHAGE….

HANNIBAL!


SECOND PUNIC WARHANNIBAL WAS THE GENERAL OF

CARTHAGE. ENTERED SPAIN, MOVED EAST,

CROSSED ALPS TOWARDS ROME (MOST OF HIS WAR ELEPHANTS DID NOT SURVIVE THE APLS).

SECOND PUNIC WARHANNIBAL WAS THE GENERAL OF

CARTHAGE. ENTERED SPAIN, MOVED EAST,

CROSSED ALPS TOWARDS ROME (MOST OF HIS WAR ELEPHANTS DID NOT SURVIVE THE APLS).


SECOND PUNIC WAR216 BC - ROMANS DECIDED TO MEET

HANNIBAL HEAD ON. BIG MISTAKE!AT CANNAE, THE ROMANS LOST AN

ARMY OF ALMOST 40,000 MEN. ROME REFUSED TO SURRENDER.

SECOND PUNIC WAR216 BC - ROMANS DECIDED TO MEET

HANNIBAL HEAD ON. BIG MISTAKE!AT CANNAE, THE ROMANS LOST AN

ARMY OF ALMOST 40,000 MEN. ROME REFUSED TO SURRENDER.


SECOND PUNIC WARHANNIBAL NO LONGER HAD THE FORCES OR

EQUIPMENT TO ATTACK ROME AND BIGGER CITIES.

ROMAN ARMY BEGAN TO TAKE BACK SMALL ITALIAN CITIES THAT HANNIBAL CONTROLLED.

206 BC - ROMANS PUSHED CARTHAGINIANS OUT OF SPAINS!

ROME ATTACKED CARTHAGE INSTEAD OF FIGHTING HANNIBAL IN ITALY.

FORCED HANNIBAL TO RETREAT. BATTLE OF ZAMA - CRUSHED HANNIBAL.

SECOND PUNIC WARHANNIBAL NO LONGER HAD THE FORCES OR

EQUIPMENT TO ATTACK ROME AND BIGGER CITIES.

ROMAN ARMY BEGAN TO TAKE BACK SMALL ITALIAN CITIES THAT HANNIBAL CONTROLLED.

206 BC - ROMANS PUSHED CARTHAGINIANS OUT OF SPAINS!

ROME ATTACKED CARTHAGE INSTEAD OF FIGHTING HANNIBAL IN ITALY.

FORCED HANNIBAL TO RETREAT. BATTLE OF ZAMA - CRUSHED HANNIBAL.


EFFECTS OF THE PUNIC WARS -ROME DOMINATED THE

MEDITERRANEANTHIRD PUNIC WAR 50 YEARS LATER -

ROME CONQUERED ALL OF CARTHAGE AND MADE IT A PROVINCE CALLED AFRICA

EFFECTS OF THE PUNIC WARS -ROME DOMINATED THE

MEDITERRANEANTHIRD PUNIC WAR 50 YEARS LATER -

ROME CONQUERED ALL OF CARTHAGE AND MADE IT A PROVINCE CALLED AFRICA


FROM REPUBLIC TO EMPIREINEQUALITY AND UNREST

TIBERIUS AND GAIUS GRACCHUSCALLED FOR LAND REFORMOBVI, SENATORS DIDN’T LIKE THIS…

KILLED EM!

FROM REPUBLIC TO EMPIREINEQUALITY AND UNREST

TIBERIUS AND GAIUS GRACCHUSCALLED FOR LAND REFORMOBVI, SENATORS DIDN’T LIKE THIS…

KILLED EM!


NEW ROLE FOR THE ARMY107 BC - MARIUS (ROMAN GENERAL) NEEDED

TO RECRUIT FOR THE ARMY.TURNED TO URBAN AND RURAL POOR AND

PROMISED THEM LAND.VOLUNTEERS SWORE OATH TO MARIUS, NOT

THE ROMAN STATE. ARMY WAS NOT UNDER GOVERNMENT

CONTROL..GENERALS FORCED TO GET INVOLVED IN

POLITICS IN ORDER TO GET LAWS PASSED FOR THEIR VETERANS.

NEW ROLE FOR THE ARMY107 BC - MARIUS (ROMAN GENERAL) NEEDED

TO RECRUIT FOR THE ARMY.TURNED TO URBAN AND RURAL POOR AND

PROMISED THEM LAND.VOLUNTEERS SWORE OATH TO MARIUS, NOT

THE ROMAN STATE. ARMY WAS NOT UNDER GOVERNMENT

CONTROL..GENERALS FORCED TO GET INVOLVED IN

POLITICS IN ORDER TO GET LAWS PASSED FOR THEIR VETERANS.


NEW ROLE FOR THE ARMYNEW SYSTEM OF MILITARY

RECRUITMENT UNDER MARIUS***

NEW ROLE FOR THE ARMYNEW SYSTEM OF MILITARY

RECRUITMENT UNDER MARIUS***


COLLAPSE OF THE REPUBLIC82-31 BC - LOTS OF CIVIL WARS.CRASSUS, POMPEY, AND JULIUS

CASESAR EMERGED AS VICTORS!

COLLAPSE OF THE REPUBLIC82-31 BC - LOTS OF CIVIL WARS.CRASSUS, POMPEY, AND JULIUS

CASESAR EMERGED AS VICTORS!


COLLAPSE OF THE REPUBLICCRASSUS - RICHEST MAN IN ROMEPOMPEY - MILITARY HERO IN SPAINCAESAR - MILITARY COMMAND IN

SPAIN

COLLAPSE OF THE REPUBLICCRASSUS - RICHEST MAN IN ROMEPOMPEY - MILITARY HERO IN SPAINCAESAR - MILITARY COMMAND IN

SPAIN


THE FIRST TRIUMVIRATE 60 BC - CAESAR JOINED WITH

CRASSUS AND POMPEY TO FORM THE FIRST TRIUMVIRATETRIUMVIRATE - GOVERNMENT BY THREE

PEOPLE WITH EQUAL POWER.

THE FIRST TRIUMVIRATE 60 BC - CAESAR JOINED WITH

CRASSUS AND POMPEY TO FORM THE FIRST TRIUMVIRATETRIUMVIRATE - GOVERNMENT BY THREE

PEOPLE WITH EQUAL POWER.


TRIUMVIRATE CRASSUS - COMMAND IN SYRIA,

KILLED IN BATTLE.LEADING SENATORS WANTED

CAESAR TO LAY DOWN HIS COMMAND AND ALLOW POMPEY TO RULE.

CAESAR REFUSED

TRIUMVIRATE CRASSUS - COMMAND IN SYRIA,

KILLED IN BATTLE.LEADING SENATORS WANTED

CAESAR TO LAY DOWN HIS COMMAND AND ALLOW POMPEY TO RULE.

CAESAR REFUSED


TRIUMVIRATECAESAR KEPT HIS ARMY AND MOVED

INTO ITALY BY CROSSING THE RUBICON (ILLEGAL).

“CROSSING THE RUBICON”WHAT DOES THIS MODERN DAY PHRASE

IMPLY???

TRIUMVIRATECAESAR KEPT HIS ARMY AND MOVED

INTO ITALY BY CROSSING THE RUBICON (ILLEGAL).

“CROSSING THE RUBICON”WHAT DOES THIS MODERN DAY PHRASE

IMPLY???


TRIUMVIRATECAESAR STARTED A CIVIL WAR. MADE

DICTATOR IN 45BC.WHAT IS A DICTATOR?!

TRIUMVIRATECAESAR STARTED A CIVIL WAR. MADE

DICTATOR IN 45BC.WHAT IS A DICTATOR?!

RISE OF ROMERISE OF ROMECAESAR THE DICTATOR

GAVE LAND TO THE POOR, INCREASED SENATE TO 900 MEN, BUILDING PROJECTS AND MILITARY ADVENTURES TO THE EAST.

44BC - A GROUP OF SENATORS ASSASSINATED CAESAR

http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=aHYzn9y_B1M

CAESAR THE DICTATORGAVE LAND TO THE POOR, INCREASED

SENATE TO 900 MEN, BUILDING PROJECTS AND MILITARY ADVENTURES TO THE EAST.

44BC - A GROUP OF SENATORS ASSASSINATED CAESAR









SECOND TRIUMVIRATEOCTAVIAN (CAESAR’S

GRANDNEPHEW)ANTONY (CAESAR’S ASSISTANT)LEPIDUS (COMMANDER OF CAESARS

CAVALRY)

SECOND TRIUMVIRATEOCTAVIAN (CAESAR’S

GRANDNEPHEW)ANTONY (CAESAR’S ASSISTANT)LEPIDUS (COMMANDER OF CAESARS

CAVALRY)


SECOND TRIUMVIRATEOCTAVIAN TOOK THE WESTANTONY TOOK THE EASTCONFLICTANTONY - FELL IN LOVE WITH CLEOPATRA OCTAVIAN’S ARMY WON BATTLE OF

ACTIUM, ANTONY AND CLEOPATRA FLED TO EGYPT AND COMMITTED SUICIDE A YEAR LATER.

SECOND TRIUMVIRATEOCTAVIAN TOOK THE WESTANTONY TOOK THE EASTCONFLICTANTONY - FELL IN LOVE WITH CLEOPATRA OCTAVIAN’S ARMY WON BATTLE OF

ACTIUM, ANTONY AND CLEOPATRA FLED TO EGYPT AND COMMITTED SUICIDE A YEAR LATER.


“ANTONY WAS THE FIRST TO COMMIT SUICIDE, BY THE SWORD. CLEOPATRA THREW HERSELF AT OCTAVIAN’S FEET, AND TRIED HER BEST TO ATTRACT HIS GAZE: IN VAIN, FOR HIS SELF-CONTROL ENABLED HIM TO IGNORE HER BEAUTY. IT WAS NOT HER LIFE SHE WAS AFTER… BUT A PORTION OF HER KINGDOM. WHEN SHE REALIZED THIS WAS HOPELESS… SHE TOOK ADVANTAGE OF HER GUARD’S CARELESSNESS TO GET HERSELF INTO THE ROYAL TOMB. ONCE THERE, SHE PUT ON THE ROYAL ROBES… AND LAY DOWN IN A RICHLY PERFUMED COFFIN BESIDE HER ANTONY. THEN SHE APPLIED POISONOUS SNAKES TO HER VEINS AND PASSED INTO DEATH AS THOUGH INTO A SLEEP.”

“ANTONY WAS THE FIRST TO COMMIT SUICIDE, BY THE SWORD. CLEOPATRA THREW HERSELF AT OCTAVIAN’S FEET, AND TRIED HER BEST TO ATTRACT HIS GAZE: IN VAIN, FOR HIS SELF-CONTROL ENABLED HIM TO IGNORE HER BEAUTY. IT WAS NOT HER LIFE SHE WAS AFTER… BUT A PORTION OF HER KINGDOM. WHEN SHE REALIZED THIS WAS HOPELESS… SHE TOOK ADVANTAGE OF HER GUARD’S CARELESSNESS TO GET HERSELF INTO THE ROYAL TOMB. ONCE THERE, SHE PUT ON THE ROYAL ROBES… AND LAY DOWN IN A RICHLY PERFUMED COFFIN BESIDE HER ANTONY. THEN SHE APPLIED POISONOUS SNAKES TO HER VEINS AND PASSED INTO DEATH AS THOUGH INTO A SLEEP.”


AGE OF AUGUSTUS27 BC - OCTAVIAN PROCLAIMED

“RESTORATION OF THE REPUBLIC”FIRST ROMAN EMPERORAUGUSTUS “THE REVERED ONE”IMPERATOR - COMMANDER IN CHIEF

AGE OF AUGUSTUS27 BC - OCTAVIAN PROCLAIMED

“RESTORATION OF THE REPUBLIC”FIRST ROMAN EMPERORAUGUSTUS “THE REVERED ONE”IMPERATOR - COMMANDER IN CHIEF


THE EARLY EMPIREAUGUSTUS’ POLITICAL SYSTEM

ALLOWED THE EMPEROR TO CHOOSE HIS SUCCESSOR.

NERO - KILLED PEOPLE HE WANTED OUT OF THE WAY (INCLUDING DEAR OLD MOM!)ROMAN LEGIONS REVOLUTED. NERO

COMMITTED SUICIDE. “WHAT AN ARTIST THE WORLD IS LOSING IN ME”

THE EARLY EMPIREAUGUSTUS’ POLITICAL SYSTEM

ALLOWED THE EMPEROR TO CHOOSE HIS SUCCESSOR.

NERO - KILLED PEOPLE HE WANTED OUT OF THE WAY (INCLUDING DEAR OLD MOM!)ROMAN LEGIONS REVOLUTED. NERO

COMMITTED SUICIDE. “WHAT AN ARTIST THE WORLD IS LOSING IN ME”


PAX ROMANA - “ROMAN PEACE”LASTED ALMOST 100 YEARS.TREATED RULING CLASS WITH

RESPECT, MAINTAINED PEACE, SUPPORTED DOMESTIC POLICIES.

PAX ROMANA - “ROMAN PEACE”LASTED ALMOST 100 YEARS.TREATED RULING CLASS WITH

RESPECT, MAINTAINED PEACE, SUPPORTED DOMESTIC POLICIES.


CULTURE AND SOCIETY ROMAN ART AND ARCHITECTURE

VERY ENMESHED WITH GREEK ART. “GRECO-ROMAN”THOMAS JEFFERSON ADMIRED ROMAN

ARCHITECTURE - EX: UNIVERSITY OF VIRGINIA ROTUNDA.

CULTURE AND SOCIETY ROMAN ART AND ARCHITECTURE

VERY ENMESHED WITH GREEK ART. “GRECO-ROMAN”THOMAS JEFFERSON ADMIRED ROMAN

ARCHITECTURE - EX: UNIVERSITY OF VIRGINIA ROTUNDA.


are needed to see this picture.QuickTime™ and a decompressor



ROMAN LITERATUREVIRGIL - ADMIRED AUGUSTUS AND WROTE

AENEID IN HONOR OF ROME.HORACE - SATIRES - LAUGHS AT HUMAN

WEAKNESSLIVY - HISTORY OF ROME (142 BOOKS

TOTAL). ONLY 35 SURVIVE, BUT STANDARD HISTORY OF ROME. HE WAS NOT ALWAYS CONCERNED WITH FACTUAL ACCURACY.

ROMAN LITERATUREVIRGIL - ADMIRED AUGUSTUS AND WROTE

AENEID IN HONOR OF ROME.HORACE - SATIRES - LAUGHS AT HUMAN

WEAKNESSLIVY - HISTORY OF ROME (142 BOOKS

TOTAL). ONLY 35 SURVIVE, BUT STANDARD HISTORY OF ROME. HE WAS NOT ALWAYS CONCERNED WITH FACTUAL ACCURACY.




ROMAN FAMILY PATERFAMILIAS - HEAD OF THE

HOUSEHOLD. MALE. UPPER-CLASS CHILDREN EXPECTED

TO LEARN HOW TO READ. ROMANS HAD TO LEARN GREEK, SO

GREEK SLAVES WOULD TUTOR WEALTHY ROMAN BOYS.

ROMAN FAMILY PATERFAMILIAS - HEAD OF THE

HOUSEHOLD. MALE. UPPER-CLASS CHILDREN EXPECTED

TO LEARN HOW TO READ. ROMANS HAD TO LEARN GREEK, SO

GREEK SLAVES WOULD TUTOR WEALTHY ROMAN BOYS.


WOMENMINIMUM AGE FOR MARRIAGE WAS 12 (14 FOR

BOYS)DOCTORS ARGUED THAT PREGNANCY SO

YOUNG WAS DANGEROUS FOR GIRLS, BUT EARLY MARRIAGES CONTINUED.

ALLOWED TO BE SOCIAL (MORE SO THAN THE GREEK WOMEN)

COULD ATTEND THEATRES AND EVENTS, BUT SAT SEPARATE

INVOLVED IN POLITICS THROUGH THEIR HUSBANDS

WOMENMINIMUM AGE FOR MARRIAGE WAS 12 (14 FOR

BOYS)DOCTORS ARGUED THAT PREGNANCY SO

YOUNG WAS DANGEROUS FOR GIRLS, BUT EARLY MARRIAGES CONTINUED.

ALLOWED TO BE SOCIAL (MORE SO THAN THE GREEK WOMEN)

COULD ATTEND THEATRES AND EVENTS, BUT SAT SEPARATE

INVOLVED IN POLITICS THROUGH THEIR HUSBANDS


SLAVESALMOST EVERY ROMAN CITIZEN HAD

SLAVES. EVEN SMALL FARMERS HAD A FEW.USUALLY GREEK SLAVES

COOKS, VALETS, WAITERS, TUTORS, CLEANERS, SHOPWORKERS… ETC.

SLAVESALMOST EVERY ROMAN CITIZEN HAD

SLAVES. EVEN SMALL FARMERS HAD A FEW.USUALLY GREEK SLAVES

COOKS, VALETS, WAITERS, TUTORS, CLEANERS, SHOPWORKERS… ETC.


SLAVESSPARTACUS - 73 BCGLADIATOR WHO LED 70,000 SLAVES

TO REVOLT IN SOUTHERN ITALY. 6,000 OF HIS FOLLOWERS WERE CRUCIFIED (NAILED TO A CROSS AND ALL).

SLAVESSPARTACUS - 73 BCGLADIATOR WHO LED 70,000 SLAVES

TO REVOLT IN SOUTHERN ITALY. 6,000 OF HIS FOLLOWERS WERE CRUCIFIED (NAILED TO A CROSS AND ALL).




DAILY LIFECROWDED, CONGESTED (TRAFFIC FROM

CARTS AND WAGONS), NOISY. DANGEROUS AT NIGHT. AUGUSTUS CREATED A POLICE FORCE, BUT

PEOPLE WERE STILL ROBBED AND ASSAULTED AT NIGHT.

POOR LIVED IN APARTMENTS CALLED INSULAE. POORLY BUILT AND COULD EASILY COLLAPSE.

DAILY LIFECROWDED, CONGESTED (TRAFFIC FROM

CARTS AND WAGONS), NOISY. DANGEROUS AT NIGHT. AUGUSTUS CREATED A POLICE FORCE, BUT

PEOPLE WERE STILL ROBBED AND ASSAULTED AT NIGHT.

POOR LIVED IN APARTMENTS CALLED INSULAE. POORLY BUILT AND COULD EASILY COLLAPSE.


PUBLIC PROGRAMSAUGUSTUS PROVIDED FREE FOOD FOR THE

POOR. CIRCUS MAXIMUS - HORSE AND CHARIOT RACESGLADIATORIAL SHOWS

FREE TO THE PUBLICCOLOSSEUMMOST GLADIATORS WERE SLAVES OR CONDEMNED

CRIMINALS WHO HAD BEEN TRAINED FOR COMBAT IN SPECIAL GLADIATOR SCHOOLS.

FACED WILD ANIMALS (NO WEAPONS) MEN AND WOMEN FOUGHT!

PUBLIC PROGRAMSAUGUSTUS PROVIDED FREE FOOD FOR THE

POOR. CIRCUS MAXIMUS - HORSE AND CHARIOT RACESGLADIATORIAL SHOWS

FREE TO THE PUBLICCOLOSSEUMMOST GLADIATORS WERE SLAVES OR CONDEMNED

CRIMINALS WHO HAD BEEN TRAINED FOR COMBAT IN SPECIAL GLADIATOR SCHOOLS.

FACED WILD ANIMALS (NO WEAPONS) MEN AND WOMEN FOUGHT!

Gladiatorial showsGladiatorial shows






RELIGIONAUGUSTUS BROUGHT BACK TRADITIONAL

FESTIVALS AND CEREMONIES TO REVIVE THE ROMAN STATE RELIGION, WHICH HAD DECLINED DURING LATE ROMAN REPUBLIC

JUPITER (CHIEF GOD), JUNO (WIFE OF CHIEF GOD), MINERVA (WISDOM), AND MARS (WAR)

EMPERORS MADE GODS BY THE ROMAN SENATE.

RELIGIONAUGUSTUS BROUGHT BACK TRADITIONAL

FESTIVALS AND CEREMONIES TO REVIVE THE ROMAN STATE RELIGION, WHICH HAD DECLINED DURING LATE ROMAN REPUBLIC

JUPITER (CHIEF GOD), JUNO (WIFE OF CHIEF GOD), MINERVA (WISDOM), AND MARS (WAR)

EMPERORS MADE GODS BY THE ROMAN SENATE.


FAMILYDIVORCE WAS INTRODUCED IN THE

THIRD CENTURY BC AND BECAME FAIRLY EASY TO OBTAIN. EITHER HUSBAND OR WIFE COULD ASK FOR DIVORCE.

FAMILYDIVORCE WAS INTRODUCED IN THE

THIRD CENTURY BC AND BECAME FAIRLY EASY TO OBTAIN. EITHER HUSBAND OR WIFE COULD ASK FOR DIVORCE.

rome whatley. rise of rome the land and peoples of italy italy is a _____________. ideal for...

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