8/24/16 Bell RingerIf you were there…Imagine that you are a Roman senator. You are worried about the growing power of military men in Rome’s government. Some senators want to take violent action to stop generals from taking power in the senate. They fear the generals will one day become powerful dictators. Is using violence against generals okay if it means saving the Roman Republic? Why or Why NOT…explain your answer!Revised scenario from HOLT World History textbook p. 322

OBJECTIVE & STANDARD

7.1 Analyze the legacy of the Roman Empire.

I can analyze the growth and significance of the Roman Empire.

THE ROMAN EMPIRE

• The end of the Roman Republic led to the start of the Roman Empire

• Today we will see how the Romans turned their republic into an Empire.

4

Who might this be??

Julius Caesar – “Veni, Vidi, Vici”• In 47 BCE he seized power in Rome and was made dictator.

A short time later, in 44 BCE he was given the title “dictator for life”

• His soldiers were loyal to him, not to Rome• Gave public land to the poor, started a job program, granted

citizenship to more people in the provinces • He increased the Senate to 900 members and then packed it

with supporters of his reforms.• Caesar’s most lasting reform was the introduction of the

Julian Calendar based on Egyptian knowledge – 365 day/year calendar—July named after him

Caesar is assassinated on March 15 44 B.C.E. by members of the Senate led by Cassius and his friend Brutus— “Et tu Brute?”—stabbed 23 times

Beware the Ides of March!!

Roman Expansion

Based on the map above, what conclusions can you make about Roman power in 117 AD?

Roman LeadershipWhat does it take to be the leader of the Roman Empire? Keep these facts in mind:• The Romans had over 55,000 miles of paved highways• 56 million people lived within the borders of the Roman Empire• The Roman Empire consists of a multitude of people groups with

unique cultures, religions, and languages.

http://www.history.com/topics/ancient-history/emperor-augustus/videos

Octavian• Caesar’s adopted son Octavian would

become ruler of Rome after his death• In 27 BC, Octavian gave up his senate seat

and was named “Augustus” which means “revered one”

• With Augustus as the new leader, Rome would enter a new era known as the Roman Empire

• The first 200 years of the Roman Empire were very peaceful.

• We call this time period the Pax Romana which means “Roman Peace”

Emperor AugustusWhen did he live? 63 BC to 14 ADWhere did he live? RomeWhat did he do? As the leader of Rome, Augustus made many improvements in the city. He created a fire department and a police force to protect the city’s people. He built new aqueducts and repaired old ones to increase Rome’s water supply. Augustus also worked on improving and expanding Rome’s road network.Why is he important? As Rome’s first emperor, Augustus is one of the most significant figures in Roman history. Also singlehandedly, he changed the nature of Roman government forever. But Augustus is also known for the great monuments he build all around Rome. He built a new forum that held statues, monuments, and a great temple to the god Mars. In writing about his life, Augustus declared, “I found Rome a city of brick and left it a city of marble.”Point of View: Why do you think so many Romans admired Augustus?

HOLT World History Textbook Augustus biography on page 329

Emperor Augustus• Roads were built connecting

ever corner of the empire• New government buildings—

glorify Rome—public baths, libraries, temples, basilicas

• Agriculture became most important industry—90% --basis for supporting the huge empire

• Created a fire department and a police force to protect the people

• Aqueducts---example of Roman engineering and building skills

• 14 aqueducts stretching over 250 miles--brought 50 gallons of water daily into Rome for each inhabitant

• He built a new forum that held statues, monuments, and a great temple to the god Mars

The Roman Forum Today

• Why do you think so many Romans admired Augustus?

• The map above shows the Roman Empire in 117 AD at the height of the Pax Romana. This 200-year period saw unprecedented peace and economic prosperity throughout the Empire, which spanned from England in the north to Morocco in the south and Iraq in the east.

• During the Pax Romana, the Roman Empire reached its peak in terms of land area, and its population swelled to an estimated 70 million people.

Source: ushistory.org

Which was the better ruler??

• Choose a side:• Team Julius Caesar• Team Caesar Augustus

• Write down 3 reason why you choose that side on your white board.

• Go stand with your team – get ready to debate!

Extra Info…

Julius Caesar• Julius Caesar was one of Rome’s most

powerful generals• Roman’s admired him for his bravery in battle

and land acquisitions• Caesar’s military made him an important

figure in Roman politics• Caesar was also an excellent speaker which

won him many supporters• In 45 BC, Julius Caesar proclaimed himself the

dictator of Rome• Many of the Roman senators did not approve

of the way Caesar came to power• On March 15, 44 BC a group of senators

attacked Caesar in the senate and killed him

Julius Caesar Conquers Gaul (modern day France)

• 58-50 B.C.E.

• Caesar’s military genius is displayed

• Wrote the book The Gallic Wars—propaganda—presents himself as the greatest living Roman

• “Veni, vidi, vici”“I came, I saw,

I conquered”

The Second Triumvirate43-31 B.C.E.

Octavian Augustus age 18—grandnephew

of Caesar

Marc Antony experienced general—

Caesar’s favorite

Marcus Lepidus (powerful politician)

The Dictatorship of the First Triumvirate

Julius Caesar —elected consul in 60 B.C.E.

Crassus (wealthy citizen—made governor of Syria where he was killed)

Pompey—(popular general—waged a civil war against Caesar—lost & was assassinated in 47 B.C.E.)