romanian national oceanographic and environmental data center national institute for marine research...
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Romanian National Oceanographic and Environmental Data Center
NATIONAL INSTITUTE FOR NATIONAL INSTITUTE FOR MARINE RESEARCH AND DEVELOPMENT MARINE RESEARCH AND DEVELOPMENT
“GRIGORE ANTIPA”“GRIGORE ANTIPA”
Blvd. Mamaia 300, RO – Blvd. Mamaia 300, RO – 900581900581Constanta, ROMANIAConstanta, ROMANIATel: +40 241 543288, 540870Tel: +40 241 543288, 540870Fax: +40 241 831274Fax: +40 241 831274E-mail: E-mail: [email protected]@datanet.ro
Viorel MALCIULuminita BUGAGabriel GANEA
Forth ODINBlackSea Steering Group Meeting11 – 15 September, Sevastopol, UKRAINE
Romanian National Oceanographic and Environmental
Data Center (NOEDC) is designated as a NODC in the
context of IOC-IODE system. It was established in 2007 as
a Department of National Institute of Marine Research and
Development “Grigore Antipa”.
The centre is officially recognized as Romanian
Oceanographic Data Centre, replacing former Designated
National Agency and is included in the list of world
oceanographic data centers of IOC/IODE.
COUNCIL OF ADMINISTRATION
GENERAL DIRECTORDIRECTORY COMMITTEE
ECONOMIC DIRECTORTECHNICAL DIRECTOR
DEPARTAMENT OCEANOGRAPHY
DEPARTAMENT ECOLOGY AND ENVIONMENT PROTECTION
DEPARTAMENT MARINE LIVING RESOURCES
COMPARTIMENT DISSEMINATION OF INFORMATION
NATIONAL AND
INTERNATIONAL
CENTERS
DEPARTAMENT MARKETING MANAGEMENT
Projects
JURIDIC COMPARTMENT
BIROU HUMAN RESOURCES
INTERNAL AUDIT COMPARTMENT
LMA
TECHNICAL DEPARTMENT (nava, auto)
INFORMATIONAL SYSTEM COMPARTMENT
COMPARTIMENT
INVENTI
COMPARTMENT WORK PROTECTION
PROFESIONAL FORMATION
COMPARTMENT
SCIENTIFIC COUNCIL
ECONOMIC DEPARTMENT
DEPARTAMENT INVESTITIONS
DEPARTAMENT ADMINISTRTIV
SCIENTIFIC DIRECTOR
SECRETARIAT CNZC
SECRETARIAT CNRO
NATONAL OCEANOGRAPHIC AND
ENVIRONMENTAL DATA CENTER
Personnel:Personnel: 1 manager1 manager 1 assistant manager1 assistant manager 1 administrator IT1 administrator IT 2 operators2 operators
Capacity building:Capacity building:
Available existing capacities, simultaneously with the NIMRD’s general services:- the external data lines (leased line, FO, bandwidth ~4Mbps Internet granted;- the existing communication datacenter (routers, switches, infrastructure servers, C class IP address space PA in administration, Internet visibility active services (name, routing, etc.);- the existing internal (physical and logical) computer network;- the existing application servers and workstations;- for servers, the used hardware /software platform is Open Source based: Linux (openSUSE or SLES) /Apache /PHP /PostgreSQL – MySQL, with time demonstrated stability, installed on Intel architectures;- for workstations, the used hardware /software platform is Intel P4 class /Microsoft Windows based.
Being the technical operator of the marine monitoring network (physical, chemical and biological) and for coastal erosion survey, NIMRD holds a comprehensive volume of marine data and information (stored in National Oceanographic and Environmental Data Center - NOEDC).
The main area of interest is Black Sea with special attention to the western part of Black Sea. The national data collection of the NOEDC consists of:
Physical and chemical data
Air temperatureSea water temperature, Sea water salinity, densitySea water transparencyDissolved oxygenPhosphorus Nitrate Nitrite AmmoniumSilicatePesticidesHydrocarbonsHeavy Metals
Biological data
PlanktonBenthosChlorophyll-aIchthyology
Hydrodynamic data
Sea wavesSea levelSea currents
Environmental data
Functional zonesProtected areas
Socio - economic data
Digitized maps
Presently Romanian NOEDC collates data and metadata from:
• National Institute for Marine Research and Development “Grigore Antipa”
• Maritime Hydrographic Directorate (MHD)
• National Institute of Marine Geology and Geo-Ecology (GeoEcoMar)
• Danube Delta Biosphere Reserve Authority (DDBRA)
At NIMRD site, the E2EDM Data Provider software is up and running (installed and configured) since Fri, April 24, 2009.
Considering the ODIN objectives regarding increasing the transnational data exchange capacity of the national NODC’s and
in order to contribute to the Ocean Data Portal system, NIMRD, as NODC, have proceeded to install (as we assumed to) the required infrastructure.
The E2EDM Data Provider software is installed:
- on an appropriate dedicated physical machine in the NIMRD’s server room;
- have assigned a FQDN name in the NIMRD’s name space and
- benefits of a dedicated private IP address from the NIMRD’s PA IP address space.
The coordinates and the appropriate paths are proper communicated since the end of the installation, setup and configuration process.
NATIONAL INSTITUTE FOR MARINE RESEARCH ANDNATIONAL INSTITUTE FOR MARINE RESEARCH AND
DEVELOPMENT “GRIGORE ANTIPA” as Romanian DEVELOPMENT “GRIGORE ANTIPA” as Romanian NODCNODC is partner in: is partner in:
SEADATANETSEADATANET
Black Sea SCENE Black Sea SCENE
EMODNET pilots _ Chemical lotEMODNET pilots _ Chemical lot} based on SeaDataNet network of NODC’s
Romanian Romanian NOEDC NOEDC is adopting SeaDataNet data policy whichis adopting SeaDataNet data policy which
““is consistent with, and in the spirit of, national and international policies is consistent with, and in the spirit of, national and international policies
and laws” and “is intended to be fully compatible with the Directive of the and laws” and “is intended to be fully compatible with the Directive of the
European Parliament and of the Council on public access to European Parliament and of the Council on public access to
environmental information, the INSPIRE Directive, IOC, ICES, WMO, environmental information, the INSPIRE Directive, IOC, ICES, WMO,
GCOS, GEOSS and CLIVAR data principles.”GCOS, GEOSS and CLIVAR data principles.”
Scheme of metadata / data coordination for ROMANIA
Partners
NODC
Coordinators, Developers
Services (directories)
GeoEcoMar
EDMED EDMERP, EDMO, CDI, DQC
EDIOS CSR Scientist, Bibliography, SED
BODC MARIS BODC BSH-DOD RIHMI-WDC
NIMRD
DDBRA
Tools CMS CMS, MIKADO CMS CMS CMS
MHD
Concerning the SeaDataNet and BlackSeaScene Download Manager,
the software packages is taking the same profit of the NIMRD’s IT
existing possibilities as the E2EDM Data Provider software did:
-appropriate dedicated machine in the NIMRD’s server room,
-assigned FQDN name in the NIMRD’s name space and
-dedicated private IP address from the NIMRD’s PA IP address space.
The operational coordinates and the appropriate paths are also
proper communicated.
The Black Sea Scene Download Manager is in production state.
Present Database Structure
Formats:
Present:
Data: xls, text, ODV 4
Metadata: adopted ISO 19115
In work:
All data ODV format
Data till 1996: free
After 1996: on request
There was upgraded the existing the SDN Download Manager, in order to work in the respective oceanographic data exchange environment and the adjacent projects (e.g. Upgrade Black Sea Scene)
It is installed on a stand-alone machine, in the NIMRD’s external DMZ. It will be moved on the new infrastructure (enterprise-class servers, etc.). In the next slide is shown a global network schematic.
Problems:
- lack of redundant (backup) Internet line (in order to increase data availability;
- limited professional storage capacity;
- limited data backup capacity (existing storage capacity is assigned mainly to the working areas – see above & previous slide);
- delays in moving the systems to the new infrastructure.
It was further noted that there are substantial differences in granularity between SeaDataNet and ODP. SeaDataNet considers each profile as a
separate data set. ODP allows flexible setting of granularity (e.g. a cruise, map, product, profile, etc, can all be a data set).
Participants involved in both SeaDataNet and ODP called for a single software application that can be used to register data in either system.If portals such as ODP and SeaDataNet are populated, the problem of
duplication will become a serious issue.
Existing Infrastructure for the Integrated Monitoring System
Operational oceanography:Operational oceanography:Tsunami Early Warning System, Sea level, Sea surface temperature (SST), Air Tsunami Early Warning System, Sea level, Sea surface temperature (SST), Air pressurepressure
Constanta MedGLOSS station no 28
UPGRADED INFRASTRUCTURE:
Intelligent Digiquartz Depth Sensor for sea level and water temperature;
SETRA Atmospheric pressure sensor;
National Instrunents pre-processor interface;
GPS for accurate time stamping,
Computer with LabView DAQ system, local storage and NearRealTime data transmission interface
GatewayGateway
NIMRD premises: NIMRD premises: storage, data QC and storage, data QC and
transfertransferISPISP
Data Data acquisition, acquisition, storage and storage and
transfer every transfer every minuteminute
FTP Data FTP Data transmission, transmission, every minuteevery minute
GatewayGatewayGatewayGateway
Local Local premises premises
ISPISP
NIMRDNIMRD
GatewayGateway
Sea Level online record sample(s) sent to the IOC Sea Level Monitoring facilities
There was aquired a specific Internet domain name, nodc.ro, for the Romanian National Oceanographic and Environmental Data Centre (NOEDC), in order to operate a specific web site on the NIMRD’s infrastructure, http://www.nodc.ro/. The web site is currently under development.
There was designed and setup a public information system concerning Black Sea marine information in the Constanta area, with development capacities, at the NIMRD’s headquarters in within ECOOP and MyOCEAN projects.
Existing operational oceanography: oceanographic
forecast http://www.rmri.ro/RMRI/Forecasts/ForecastsRO.html
Prognozaoceanografică Cunoaşterea dinamicii parametrilor fizico-chimici Marea Neagră
(On the site of Ministry of Environment and Forests)
ExistingExisting operational oceanography: sea currents and waves in the coastal areaoperational oceanography: sea currents and waves in the coastal area
For sea current and waves monitoring in the coastal area, three Acoustic Doppler Current Profilers ADCP Workhorse Sentinel 600 Hz are used in fixed, underwater measurements locations or in oceanographic cruises. Data are used for oceanographic forecast as well
Operational deep sea oceanographyOperational deep sea oceanography
Romanian operational oceanographic system is supposed to answer to:
• Global Monitoring and Environment Security (GMES), having as a main component an integrated system for ocean monitoring and crises management;
• Marine Strategy Framework Directive – water quality monitoring, biodiversity protection, marine living resources protection, environment information system;
• INSPIRE (Infrastructure for Spatial Information in the European Community), the component for waters - WISE (Water Information System for Europe) – coordination of data and information exchange;
• European Maritime Strategy – Green Book regarding Maritime Policies where one can find the need for a European network for observation and data regarding marine environment.
Danube monitoring stations (Sulina, Sf. Gheorghe)
Autonomous oceanographic buoys
NEW SEAWATCH SYSTEM FOR OCEANOGRAPHIC FORECAST (draft project to be submitted to INNOVATION NORWAY)
The SEAWATCH system has three main parts: -Real time observations from oceanographic and river buoys; -Data from other sources (e.g. coastal stations, research ships) and numerical models. Data management and forecasting services; -Data and information distribution.
Parameters Group
Air pressure X
Air temperature X
Wind speed X
Wind direction Physical
Wave height Physical
Total disposable mass Biologic
PAR (Photosynthetic disposable mass) Biologic
Humidity Physical
Waves period Physical
Direction and speed of the surface current Physical
Sea surface temperature and salinity Physical
Radioactivity Chimic
Light attenuation Physical and biological
Hydrocarbons Chimical
Oxygen Chimical and biological
pH Chimical and biological
Chlorophyll Biological
Nutrients Chimical and biological
List of the parameters provided by the oceanographic buoys
RIVERWATCH system
The RIVERWATCH system is an integrated, real-time, monitoring and information system providing forecasting, warning and decision support which can improve the resource/emergency management capabilities of river basin authorities, government agencies, industry and others responsible for water supply, power generation, agriculture, waterway transport, waste disposal, public health and water quality.
Main applications of RIVERWATCH include:Boundary conditions for modeling, forecastPollution control Flood early warning Irrigation scheduling/operation River navigation Water allocation and drought management Integrated river basin management
27
CURRENT STATE AND EVOLUTION TRENDS OF THE ROMANIAN BLACK SEA COASTAL
ENVIRONMENT IN 2010
V. Abaza, L. Alexandrov, L. Boicenco, A. Bologa, D. Diaconeasa,C. Dumitrache, O. Dumitrescu, C. Ispas-Sava, L. Lazăr, V. Malciu,
R. Mateescu, V. Maximov, D. Micu, V. Niță, A. Oros, E. Stoica,F. Timofte, D. Țigănuș, D. Vasiliu, T. Zaharia
S. Nicolaev - Director
T. Zaharia - Scientific Director
National Institute for Marine Research and DevelopmentNIMRD „Grigore Antipa“ Constanța
România, RO-900581 Constanța CT-03, 300 Mamaia Blvd., e-mail: [email protected] - web: http://www.rmri.ro/
Annex 1
28
COASTAL PROCESSES Coastal processes had the following percentage for the spring season 2009 - 2010:- erosion 61%;- relative stability 17%;- accretion 22%.
6%12%
35%29%
18%
EP EM ES SR AM
22%
39%
17%
22%
EM ES SR AS
The share of coastal processes (erosion/relative stability/accretion) on the coastal beaches Năvodari-Vama
Veche, spring 2009-2010
The share of coastal processes (erosion/relative stability/accretion) on the coastal beaches Năvodari-Vama
Veche, autumn 2009-2010
In autumn 2009 -2010, the share of coastal processes for the Năvodari - Vama Veche area was:- erosion 53%;- relative stability 29%;- accretion 18%.
The relative stability increased from 17%, in spring (after the cold season, when the beach erodes), to 29%, in autumn (after the hot season, when the beach rebuilds itself).
29
SEA LEVEL
The annual average exceeded by 23.5 cm the long term annual average (1933 - 2009) and thus the annual average of 2010
becomes the highest in the last 77 years.
Sea level, as a state indicator of the coastal zone, emphasized a constant positive deviation during the entire year, except for September and October.
Except for this period, in 2010, the sea level average values overlap the long term monthly maxima.
-30
-20
-10
0
10
20
30
40
50
60
Ian Febr Mart Apr Mai Iun Iul Aug Sept Oct Nov Dec
cm
Maximum monthly mean values 1933 - 2009
Monthly mean values 1933 - 2009
Monthly mean values 2010
Minimum monthly mean values 1933 - 2009
30
General indicatorsTRANSPARENCY
• Variation interval 0.5÷6.5 m
•Transitional waters- 1 m average, st. dev. 0.7 m•Coastal waters- 3 m average, st. dev. 1.6 m•Marine waters- 3.2 m average, std. dev. 1.3 m
PHYSICO-CHEMICALPHYSICO-CHEMICAL INDICATORSINDICATORS
Transparency averages in Romanian littoral water bodies, 2010
The minimum values were below 2 m, the allowable value for both the ecological state, as well as the impact of anthropogenic activity, of Order No. 161/2006 -
“Norms on surface water quality classification to determine the ecological status of water bodies“.
0
0.5
1
1.5
2
2.5
3
3.5
Transitional waters Coastal waters Marine waters
Tra
ns
par
en
cy
[m]
Medial (m) St. Dev. (m)
31
TEMPERATURE
(a) (b)Comparative analysis of multiannual monthly (a) and annual (b) averages of
seawater temperature (oC), Constanța, 1959-2009 and 2010
Constanţa: min. - 0.4oC
(24.01.2010) max. + 29.8oC
(17.08.2010) Normal seasonal variations
Insignificant differences between 1959-2009 and 2010
The average annual temperature of the sea water in Constanța has increased significantly over the past 8 years compared to the period
1959-2002. The averages of July and August 2010 were approx. 4-4.7 oC higher than the multiannual monthly averages (1959-2009) for the same
period.
0.00
5.00
10.00
15.00
20.00
25.00
30.00
I II III IV V VI VII VIII IX X XI XII
2010
T [o
C]
m+s m-s 1959-2009 2010
9.0
10.0
11.0
12.0
13.0
14.0
15.0
T [o
C]
32
SALINITY
Constanţa
monthly averages 10.09÷16.91‰
Insignificant differences between 2010 and 1959-2009 Absolute minimum 7.13‰ (20th of July 2010)
Absolute maximum 19.09‰(3rd of June 2010)
(a) (b)Comparative analysis of multiannual monthly (a) and annual (b) averages
of seawater salinity (PSU), Constanța, 1959-2009 and 2010
Salinity is influenced by the Danube’s input and climatic factors (winds and rainfall regime) and, in 2010, recorded the lowest
annual average (13.94‰) of the past 19 years.
8.00
9.00
10.00
11.00
12.00
13.00
14.00
15.00
16.00
17.00
18.00
I II III IV V VI VII VIII IX X XI XII
Sal
inita
te [P
SU
]
medie+s medie-s 1959-2009 2010
13.00
13.50
14.00
14.50
15.00
15.50
16.00
16.50
17.00
Salin
itate
[PSU
]
33
• Monthly averages, Constanţa:69.2 - 456.9 µM29.3 -156.63%
• Insignificant seasonal variations (saturation, t test) due to temperature and biological oxygen balance.
• In July 2010, a hypoxyc event with fish mortalities was recorded in Constanţa, due to climatic factors and algal blooms.
Comparative analysis of multiannual monthly (up) and annual (down) averages of seawater dissolved oxygen (µM), Constanța, 1959-2009 and 2010
Good oxygenation of coastal waters, with slightly lower concentrations in the warm
season compared to the period 1959-2009
DISSOLVED OXYGEN
200
220
240
260
280
300
320
340
360
380
400
1959 1962 1965 1968 1971 1974 1977 1980 1983 1986 1989 1992 1995 1998 2001 2004 2007 2010
Dis
so
lved
ox
yge
n [
µM
]
1959-2010
200.0
250.0
300.0
350.0
400.0
450.0
500.0
I II III IV V VI VII VIII IX X XI XII
Dis
solv
ed o
xyg
en [
µM
]
average+s average-s 1959-2009 2010
34
Eutrophication indicatorsNUTRIENTS
Phosphates
(µM)
Constanţa
1960-2009 and 2010
Silicates
(µM)
Constanţa
1960-2009 and 2010
Nitrates
(µM)
Constanţa
1976-2009 and 2010
Ammonium
(µM)
Constanţa
1980-2009 and 2010
• SSignificantignificantlyly llower nitrate concentrations (t testower nitrate concentrations (t test) compared to 1976-2009) compared to 1976-2009• Ammonium concentrations comparable Ammonium concentrations comparable ((t t test) totest) to 1980-2009,1980-2009, but higher in the but higher in the
warm seasonwarm season in 2010 in 2010 • P: P: low valueslow values, comparable (t test) to 1960-1970, , comparable (t test) to 1960-1970, reference reference interval interval for good for good
water qualitywater quality• Si: Si: significantsignificantlyly differen different (t (t t test) test) fromfrom 1960-2010, 1960-2010, with lower monthly averages with lower monthly averages
Generally, nutrient concentrations (inorganic forms of N, P, Si) recorded normal values, slightly higher in transitional waters and anthropogenic impact
areas
0.00
2.00
4.00
6.00
8.00
10.00
12.00
I II III IV V VI VII VIII IX X XI XII
Fo
sfa
ti [
µM
]
medie+s medie-s 1960-2009 2010
0.00
5.00
10.00
15.00
20.00
25.00
I II III IV V VI VII VIII IX X XI XII
Azo
tati
, [µ
M]
medie +s medie-s 1976-2009 2010
0.00
2.00
4.00
6.00
8.00
10.00
12.00
14.00
16.00
18.00
20.00
I II III IV V VI VII VIII IX X XI XII
Am
on
iu, [µ
M]
m+s m-s 1980-2009 2010
0.0
10.0
20.0
30.0
40.0
50.0
60.0
I II III IV V VI VII VIII IX X XI XII
Silic
ati
, [µ
M]
m+s m-s 1959-2009 2010
35
CHLOROPHYLL a In 2010, chlorophyll a concentrations ranged
between 0.66 and 58.47 μg/l in the Romanian coastal waters
Seasonal dynamics of chlorophyll a showed: a late winter peak related to annual typical
diatoms cycle low chlorophyll level in late spring significant increase in summer (peaked in
August) as a result of optimal thermal and haline conditions
the lowest values measured in December (below 1 μg/l)
Chlorophyll a values recorded in 2010 confirm the increasing trend observed in the past years.
Short-term climate changes - the main factor controlling chlorophyll a variability in the Romanian coastal waters
Nutrient regime - favorable for sustaining a high primary productivity in the area
Median Min-Max
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12
Month
0
5
10
15
20
25
30
35
40
45
50
55
60
Chl
orop
hyll
a, m
icro
gram
/l
Median Min-Max 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010
Year
0
5
10
15
20
25
30
35
40
45
50
55
60
65
70
75
80
Chl
orop
hyll
a, m
icro
gram
/l
3636
Contamination indicators HEAVY METALS
The distribution of heavy metals in seawater and sediments from transitional, coastal and marine areas evinced some differences between various sectors of the littoral zone, slightly increased concentrations in front of the Danube mouths and in some coastal areas under anthropogenic pressures (harbors, wastewater discharges) being generally observed.
In comparison with heavy metals maximum allowed concentrations in shellfish, recommended by the European legislation, the samples of Mytilus galloprovincialis investigated in 2010 complied with the allowed values.
Evolution of the annual average concentrations of cadmium in seawater (a) and sediments (b) along the Romanian littoral during 2006-2010
(a)
(b)
The values of heavy metal concentrations in the marine ecosystem components were within the variation ranges observed
during 2006-2009.
37
Transitional, coastal and marine waters • Low average values (< 200 µg/l) of TPHs
were recorded in all water bodies compared to 2006-2009, with a minimum in coastal waters of 55.0 µg/l;
• The average value was 108.1 µg/l, concentrations varied within the range 17.5 - 651.65 µg/l;
Sediments• TPHs content in sediments fall in the
range 9.6 - 550.0 g/g, with an average of 112.6 g/g;
• 60% of sediment samples from Sulina -Vama Veche showed a load in total petroleum hydrocarbons <100 g/g.
The downward trend in the concentrations of total
petroleum hydrocarbons recorded in the past period,
2006-2009, in water and sediment, continued in 2010.
Total Petroleum Hydrocarbons (TPHs)
144,6
55,0
180,1
1,0
10,0
100,0
1000,0
10000,0
TP
Hs
µg
/l
Max.µg/l 2400,0 3592,0 2188,7
2006-2009 average µg/l 468,0 494,6 423,6
Min.µg/l 20,0 15,0 20,5
2010 average µg/l 144,6 55,0 180,1
trans itional waters coas tal waters m arine waters
499,60 422,50
190,30236,30
112,60
1,00
10,00
100,00
1000,00
10000,00
year
TP
Hs
µg
/g
maximum µg/g 6228,00 6770,00 1158,00 696,40 550,00
average µg/g 499,60 422,50 190,30 236,30 112,60
minimum µg/g 15,90 9,60 19,40 28,10 9,60
2006 2007 2008 2009 2010
38
Transitional, coastal and marine waters • In 2010, the average total content of
polynuclear aromatic hydrocarbons in transitional, coastal and marine waters was situated in the specific range for the period 2006-2009;
• The water monitoring of PAHs showed high concentrations for the following compounds: anthracene, phenanthrene,
benzo (a) anthracene, crysene; Sediments• Total polynuclear aromatic
hydrocarbons - PAH concentrations in sediments fall in the range 0.015 - 2,044 µg/g, with an average of 0.629 g/g; the downward trend recorded in the past period, 2006-2009, continued in 2010;
• Sediment monitoring recorded a high level of pollution for: benzo (a) pyrene, naphthalene, fenantren, anthracene, fluoranthene, indeno (1,2,3-c,d) pyrene, benzo (g,h,i) perylene, pyrene, benzo (a) anthracene.
0,9451,879
1,075
0,000
0,001
0,010
0,100
1,000
10,000
100,000
PA
Hs
µg
/l
Max.µg/l 15,865 15,869 16,543
2006-2009 mean µg/l 3,479 3,113 3,266
Min.µg/l 0,003 0,001 0,004
2010 Mean µg/l 0,945 1,879 1,075
transitional waters coastal waters marine waters
5,6983,862 4,476
1,800
0,629
0,00
0,01
0,10
1,00
10,00
100,00
1000,00
PA
Hs
µg
/g
maximum µg/g 171,41 16,43 61,26 9,32 2,04
mean µg/g 5,698 3,862 4,476 1,800 0,629
minimum µg/g 0,003 0,104 0,223 0,057 0,015
2006 2007 2008 2009 2010
43% 57%
39% 21% 40%
18% 46% 36%
68% 7% 25%
32% 50% 18%
64% 21% 15%
79% 10% 11%
32% 64% 4%
54% 43% 3%
100%
93% 7%
68% 32%
75% 25%
39% 61%
64% 36%
86% 14%
0% 10% 20% 30% 40% 50% 60% 70% 80% 90% 100%
benzo (a) pyrene
naphthalene
phenanthrene
anthracene
fluoranthene
indeno (1,2,3-c,d) pyrene
benzo (g,h,i) perylene
pyrene
benzo (a) anthracene
acenaphthylene
acenaphthene
fluorene
crysene
benzo (b) fluoranthene
benzo (k) fluoranthene
dibenzo (a,h) anthracene
<0.02 µg/g 0.02-0,1 µg/g 0,1- 0,7 µg/g
POLYNUCLEAR AROMATIC HYDROCARBONS(PAHs)
39
Transitional, coastal and marine waters • In 2010, the total organochlorinate
pesticides content -g/l in seawater varied within the range of 0.0004- 1.807g/l, with an average of 0,2356 g/l;
• Low average values were recorded in all water bodies, compared to 2006-2009;
Sediments• Sediment monitoring of total
organochlorinate pesticides content - (g/g) showed that the concentrations fall within the range of 0.0017 - 0.8355 μg/g, with an average of 0.0925 g/g.
• 70-80% of samples recorded values <0.0006 g/g.
There is an obvious decreasing trend of chlorinate pesticides concentrations in water and
sediment registered in the past period, 2006 to 2009, which
continued in 2010, except for the Sulina - 30 m and Mangalia - 40 m
stations.
ORGANOCHLORINATE PESTICIDES (OCPs)
0,25230,3978
0,3192
0,0010
0,0100
0,1000
1,0000
10,0000
Org
an
oc
hlo
rin
ate
pe
stic
ide
s
µg
/l
Max.µg/l 2,5775 2,4457 3,0462
2006-2009 Mean µg/l 0,5062 0,5938 0,7749
Min.µg/l 0,0067 0,0030 0,0260
2010 Mean µg/l 0,2523 0,3978 0,3192
transitional waters coastal waters marine waters
YEAR
0,46350,6209
0,1744
0,0267
0,0925
0,00
0,00
0,01
0,10
1,00
10,00
Org
an
oc
hlo
rin
ate
pe
sti
cid
es
µg
/g
maximum µg/g 3,084 1,629 1,289 0,350 0,836
mean µg/g 0,4635 0,6209 0,1744 0,0267 0,0925
minimum µg/g 0,0069 0,0023 0,0021 0,0002 0,0017
2006 2007 2008 2009 2010
89% 10% 1%
89% 9% 2%
89% 9% 2%
86% 11% 3%
67% 29% 4%
66% 34%
71% 29%
74% 26%
83% 17%
0% 10% 20% 30% 40% 50% 60% 70% 80% 90% 100%
Heptachlor
Endrin
p,p'DDD
Dieldrin
Aldrin
p,p'DDE
HCB
Lindane
p,p'DDT
<0.0006 µg/g 0.0006-0,01 µg/g 0,01- 0,6 µg/g
4040
• 191 phytoplankton species, belonging to 7 algal groups.• In coastal waters, dinoflagellates were dominant, with 38% of the total species, followed by diatoms, 37%, and chlorophytes, 11%
Multiannual averages for phytoplankton in marine waters in the Constanța area between 1983-2010
The multiannual evolution of phytoplankton
abundance shows that the annual average of 2010
(2,6∙106 cel∙l-1) was approx. 2 times higher than the multiannual average of
2000-2009, nevertheless well below the densities recorded in the period of
eutrophication.
PHYTOPLANKTON (1)
4141
Main phytoplankton species (103 cel·l-1) in the Romanian sector of the Black Sea waters with significant densities in 2010
100-1000 x 103 cel∙l-1 1000-10000 x 103 cel∙l-1 >10000 x 103 cel∙l-1
Species Transitional waters Coastal waters Marine waters Mamaia
III IX III VII IX III VII IX Bay
Skeletonema costatum 10640 27160 30360 39540 272 49440
Cyclotella caspia 124 6500 18.6 282 131 1480
Nitzschia tenuirostris 175 131.2 1440 1122 2070
Nitzschia delicatissima 808 423.6 298.2 680 1030
Cerataulina pelagica 5400
Thalassionema nitzschioides 223.4 385 5890
Chaetoceros curvisetus 560
Chaetoceros socialis 128.8 550
Glenodinium paululum 430
Scrippsiella trochoidea 340
Carteria sp. 1630
Dactylococcopsis irregularis 266.8
Cryptomonas sp. 1760
Eutreptia lanowii 210
PHYTOPLANKTON (2)
4242
• Algal blooms, as impact indicator of eutrophication on the marine environment, recorded a downward tendency, both as number and scale, but the number of species developing over 1 million cel/l was rather high.
• The dominant species were the diatoms Skeletonema costatum, Cyclotella caspia, Cerataulina pelagica, Nitzschia tenuirostris, N. delicatissima and Thallassionema nitzschioides.
ALGAL BLOOMS
43
PHYTOBENTHOS• In 2010, 27 macroalgal species were identified (25 species and 2 varieties): 12 Chlorophyta, 4
Phaeophyta, 8 Rhodophyta (and 2 varieties of Ceramium rubrum), 1 Phanerogama.• High wet biomasses were developed by opportunistic species: Ulva lactuca (1,315 g/m2),
Enteromorpha sp. (750 g/m2), Ceramium sp. (1,737 g/m2), Ceramium rubrum (1,400 g/m2).• During the summer of 2010, the genus Cladophora proliferated abundantly.• Cystoseira barbata (perennial brown alga) formed a compact field off Vama Veche, with high wet
biomasses; thick bunches were also identified off Mangalia.• Zostera noltii (dwarf eelgrass) formed a well-developed grassland off Mangalia; in summer,
Zostera flexible thalli were strongly epiphyted by the red alga Acrochaetium thuretii (a microscopic exclusively epiphyte alga and clean water indicator).
A positive trend was maintained from the previous years - the regeneration of Cystoseira barbata and Zostera noltii, very important
species for the marine ecosystem.
Average wet weight for the dominant groups along the Romanian seashore during the summer of 2009 and 2010
0 1000 2000 3000 4000
wet weight (g/m2)
2009
2010
Rhodophyta
Chlorophyta
44
• The qualitative and quantitative structure of zooplankton improved in all seasons, showing an uniform distribution of all 33 identified taxa.
• The nontrophic zooplankton recorded the peak abundance and biomass in July, on the Constanța East profile, in the shore area (242,849 ind./m3 and 21,370 mg/m3, respectively).
• The trophic zooplankton recorded the peak development values in the shore area of the southern part of the littoral, on the Eforie South profile (225,013 ind./m3 and biomass of 5,815 mg/m3).
• Rare species such as Centropages ponticus and the cladocerans Penilia avirostris, Evadne spinifera and Pseudevadne tergestine are continuosly present in the summer and autumn populations.
• In 2010, the species Oithona brevicornis was identified for the first time on the Romanian littoral; this species was previously noticed in the Black Sea basin by Ukrainian and Russian researchers.
Oithona brevicornis
ZOOPLANKTON
45
0
10
20
30
40
50
60
nu
mar
sp
ecii
1990-1993 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010
Evolution in number of macrozoobenthic species in coastal waters (Sulina - Vama
Veche), between 2006 and 2010, compared to 1990
50 macrozoobenthic species were recorded, compared to 50-52 species recorded between 2006 and 2010;
Quantitative increases of densities evinced in the southern sector (Eforie Sud - Mangalia, 6,551 ind/sq.m.
Moderate quantitative reduction in the northern sector (Sulina-Portița), about two times less than the 2008-2009 period, when the biomass was estimated at 445 g/m2, the mollusks contribution to increased biomasses being reduced in 2010.
MACROZOOBENTHOS
The period between 2006 and 2010 showed a slight qualitative improvement, manifested through increased specific diversity in the
entire marine sector compared to the ’90s, when the benthic fauna was represented by a maximum of 28 species.
For the 2008-2010 period, the results obtained using the metric index (M-AMBI) characterized a moderate quality status of the investigated water bodies, with a slight tendency towards a good status, mostly in those marine areas which are less influenced by pollution/eutrophication, namely in the southern part of the Romanian littoral.
46
Contamination IndicatorsMICROBIOLOGICAL LOAD
The concentrations of enteric bacteria [total coliforms (TC), faecal coliforms (FC), faecal streptococci (FS) were generally found within the limits of the National Norms and EC Bathing Water Directive. The values that reflect the level of bathing seawater faecal pollution.
The areas under the influence of sewage discharge showed the maximum values of bacterial indicators.
The exceeding norms frequency in some bathing areas (Cazino-Mamaia and Neptun) was 14% for TC and FC, and 21% for FS, higher in comparison with 2009 (non observation of sanitary-hygienic norms by tourists and high values of shallow seawaters temperature during the
heatwave of the summer of 2010).
FS
79%
21%
% exceeding norms
% according to norms
CF14%
86%
% exceeding norms% according to norms
TC14%
86%
% exceeding norms% according to norms
47
BIODIVERSITY INDICATORS
The state of biodiversity - defined by the occurrence of 300 species compared to 200-300 identified yearly in the past 15 years (750 sp. during the entire period) and 26 endangered sp. from 48 in the Red List
The pressure - expressed by 29 non-indigenous sp., 8 commercially exploited sp. (2 mollusks and 6 fish) and 12 anthropogenic activities
The impact - assessed by no. of threatened sp./no. of total sp. identified in 2010 - 26/345, by no. of extinct sp./no. of total sp. - 7/750 and no. of self-acclimatized sp. - 1 (Mugil soiuyi)
The response - has been estimated by no. of protected sp./no. of total sp. - 16/750 (EGO 57/2007) and less than 50 experts in marine biodiversity
Due to the decrease of marine research effort, only a small no. of marine species is identified every year; the pressure on marine biodiversity and the number of endangered species are still relevant.
48
ENDANGERED SPECIES The Red List of marine species was entirely updated in
2008 and only for fish in 2009 It includes 223 species, divided in 8 IUCN categories: 19
macrophytes and angiosperms, 58 invertebrates, 142 fish and 4 mammals
49
The number of marine habitats of European importance (as defined in Habitats Directive - 92/43/EEC) was evaluated to 8 general types (1110-Shallow water submerged sand bars, 1130-Estuaries, 1140-Sandy and muddy surfaces uncovered at low tides, 1150-Coastal lagoons, 1160-Sea arms and large shallow gulfs, 1170-Reefs, 1180-Underwater structures generated by gas emissions, 8330-Totally or partially submerged marine caves), with 28 sub-types.
MARINE HABITATS (1)
• In 2010, we did not develop research dedicated to marine habitats; some information were obtained during underwater explorations made within other projects. So, in two marine Natura 2000 sites, ROSCI0269 Vama Veche - 2 Mai and ROSCI0094 Underwater sulphur seeps from Mangalia, habitat mapping was made in 2010.
• In ROSCI0197 Submerged beach from Eforie North - Eforie South, we discovered the habitat 1170-Reefs on about 27% of the site’s area, thing that was not known at designation time.
• In ROSCI0094 Mangalia we discovered an area of 3.886 sq m covered by sub-type 1110-1 Zostera meadows, in addition to the surface known at designation, which was, according to previous measurements, of 988 sq m.
Zostera meadow in ROSCI0094 Mangalia (photo INCDM)
50
During the process of evaluation for the marine area of the Black Sea biogeographic region by experts of the European Commission, in 2010 took
place a biogeographic seminary.
Cystoseira near a sulphur seep in ROSCI0094 Mangalia (photo INCDM)
MARINE HABITATS (2)
In this context, Romania proposed the designation of a new site, from the
shoreline to the 45 m isobath, between the Costinești and 23
August villages.The aim of this proposal is to protect some sub-types of 1170-Reef habitat, including 1170-2-Biogenic reefs with
Mytilus galloprovincialis, insufficiently covered in current
sites.
51
ROSCI0066 Vama Veche - 2 Mai marine
zone: (overlapping on the Marine
Reserve, 5.000 ha)
ROSCI0094 Mangalia Underwater Sulphur
Seeps (360 ha)
ROSCI0197 Submerged Beach from Eforie
(140 ha)
ROSCI0273 Marine Zone from Cape Tuzla
(1.790 ha)
ROSCI0237 Methanogenic Structures from Sfantu Gheorghe (cca 6.000 ha)
MARINE PROTECTED AREAS
1 SITE UNDER BIRDS DIRECTIVE1 SITE UNDER BIRDS DIRECTIVE
6 SITES UNDER HABITATS DIRECTIVE
ROSCI0269 Danube Delta - marine zone (overlapping on the marine zone of DDBR - 103.000 ha)
525252
MARINE HABITATS MAPPING
53
STATE OF FISH STOCKS
Indicators for living resources (1)
STATE• stock biomass
sprat - 60,000 t (2003-2004 / 45,000 t;
2007-2009 / 60,000 t) turbot - 1,300 t (2008 /1,400 t, 2009 / 1,200 t);• intensity of breeding, estimated
relative abundance of sprat eggs,higher than in 2001 - 2009
• population structure: 25 species(6 - 7 small-sized species for industrial fishing)
0
10
20
30
40
50
60
70
80
%
2004 2,3 73,7 6,4 0,1 4 7,4 0,1 0,8 2,3 0,9 2
2005 1,8 73,4 4,5 1,2 4,6 7,6 0,2 0,6 1,5 1,6 3
2006 3 78,85 5,8 1 3,5 1,6 1 1,3 0,3 2,7 0,95
2007 12,19 62,29 2,86 0,75 4,38 10,42 2,08 1,73 0,22 0,71 1,82 0,55
2008 10,6 52,7 12,4 1,3 2,9 3,4 2,3 2,6 0,1 0,82 10,7 0,18
2009 14,74 27,72 12,6 4,15 5,13 6,46 1,31 5,07 0,46 2,16 19,18 1,01
turbot sprat whiting mullet goby anchovy sharkhorse
makerelred
mulletcaspian
shadpontic shad
other
54
Indicators for living resources (2)
Total Catch (decreasing trend since 2000) - 258 t (257 t + 1 t)Total Admissible Catch (TAC) - 2006-2010
Species TAC (tons)
2006 2007 2008 2009 2010
Sprat 10,000 10,000 10,000 10,000 3,443
Whiting 1,000 500 500 500 600
Anchovy - - - -
Gobies 100 200 100 - 100
Turbot 50 50 50 50 43.2
Dogfish 50 50 50 50 50
PRESSURE
fishing effort (decreasing trend since 2000) - Stationary :
* 3,691 turbot gill nets * 23 trap nets * 8 beach seines * 202 longlines * 1,422 shad gill nets * 41 goby gill nets * 187 mullet gill nets * 171 dogfish gill nets- Active : * 1 operational coastal trawler * 1 pelagic trawler
55
Regional cooperation In NIMRD “Grigore Antipa”, 5 national focal points are operational within the Advisory
Groups of the Black Sea Commission in the following domains:
- Environmental Aspects of the Management of Fisheries and other Marine Living Resources
- Conservation of Biological Diversity- Pollution Monitoring and Assessment
- Development of Common Methodologies for Integrated Coastal Zone Management - Control of Pollution from Land Based
Sources
THE BLACK SEA AND ITS SUSTAINABLE DEVELOPMENT (1)
56
Relevant projects to implement sustainable development in the coastal zone, conducted in 2010
National Projects• NUCLEUS Program 2009 - 2011: 8 projects• NP RD II: 4 projects• Urban Area Plan - Coastal Zone, the southern sector - Cape Midia - Vama Veche: 2010 -
2011• SOP Priority Axis 4 - “Services to prepare and review management plans“. SEAP CODE
103209 / 03.07.2010: 2010-2011• SOP Priority Axis 5 - Implementation of the appropriate structure of natural risk
prevention in most vulnerable areas / Key Area of Intervention 2 - Reducing coastal erosion: 2010-2011
• SOP - EEC, Axis 2, O.2.2.1 - “Increasing R&D capacity by modernizing nuclear techniques for the environment and water resources“ - TENUME
• SOP - EEC, Axis 2, O.2.2.4 - “Increasing NIMRD’s operational capacity through improved administrative management and network communication infrastructure“ - MADICO
• The National Fishery Data Collection / NAFA-DG Mare, 2009 - 2013
THE BLACK SEA AND ITS SUSTAINABLE DEVELOPMENT (2)
57
International Projects• CE/PC6: European coastal shelf sea operational
observing and forecasting system (ECOOP), 2007 - 2010;
• CE/Development and pre-operational validation of upgraded GMES Marine Care Services and Capabilities (MyOcean), 2009 - 2011;
• NATO: Bio-optical characteristies of the Black Sea, 2009 - 2011;
• CE/PC6: Upgrade Black Sea Scene (UBSS), 2009 - 2011;
• CE/PC6: Pan-European infrastructure for Ocean&Marine Data Management (SEADATANET), 2006 - 2011;
• CE/PC6: Southern European seas: Assessing and modeling ecosystem changes (SESAME), 2006 - 2010;
• CE/PC7: Scientific and technologic collaboration for the study of sea-level changes and vertical crustal movements at the Western Black Sea (EMODNET), 2009 - 2011;
• CE/PC7: Options for delivering ecosystem-based marine management (ODEMM) 2010 – 2013.
THE BLACK SEA AND ITS SUSTAINABLE DEVELOPMENT (3)
58
Scientific and public participation
On October 29thth 2010, NIMRD “Grigore Antipa“organized the
National Jubilee Symposium with International Participation,
dedicated to the 40th anniversary of the Romanian Marine Research
Institute Constanța and to the International Black Sea Day,
under the auspices of the Romanian National Committee of
Oceanography (RNCO - UNESCO)
THE BLACK SEA AND ITS SUSTAINABLE DEVELOPMENT (4)
ANTHROPOGENIC PRESSURES (1) The key environmental issues identified in 2010, in the Romanian coastal zone, induced
by anthropogenic factors, are:- Coastal erosion/Sediments dynamics at the mouths of the Danube (closing/clogging of the Musura Bay);- Periodical, uncontrolled breaking of the littoral belt during unpredictable storms (the Chituc Levee - eastern shore);- Implementation of solutions for protection against beach erosion (deposits of plastic/geotextile encasings on the beaches);- Sea water penetration into coastal aquifers (the former Costinești Lake area); - Natural resources/sand extraction from the beach (the Mamaia, Eforie Nord, Mangalia areas);- Water/air pollution with solid wastes from diffuse sources;- Excessive exploitation of valuable fish stocks, such as shad, horse mackerel, gray mullet, blue fish, turbot etc.- Habitat loss and species endangerment - seaboard protection coastal constructions (the Eforie North and South, Tuzla, Costinești, Tatlageac, Olimp areas); coastal habitats clogging by the the turbidity field occurring near worksites, containing fine cliff material/ terra rosa);- Demographic congestion of population in the coastal area, during summer season;- Urban development/covering the beach area with buildings (the Mamaia area);- Uncontrolled development of tourist constructions and tourism and leisure activities beyond the endurance capacity of the environment in certain limited areas;
ANTHROPOGENIC PRESSURES (2)
60
The research carried out emphasized the main environmental impact conditions:
•The greater frequency and intensity of extreme meteorological phenomena (storms, tempests,
tornados) - action of sand scattering winds on the beaches, action of the extremely violent waves
during storms;
•The high content of biogenic substances, accumulated in time in the water and the degraded
substrate, speeding up the eutrophication of coastal waters, lakes and ponds, explosive algal blooms,
with negative consequences on the oxygen levels, water transparency, typical biodiversity;
•High anthropogenic ecologic pressure, caused by the geographic situation and the influence of
various activities, such as uncontrolled farming, zootechnical, food, chemical and petrochemical
wastes, construction, shipping, tourism, leisure and balneary treatment wastes.
61
MARITIME SPATIAL PLANNINGprocess of analysis and allocation of spatial and temporal
distribution of activities in the Romanian marine area
Three case studies were developed in 2010 in the northern part of the Romanian coast, considered a complex area in terms of MSP, under direct and double
influence of continental and marine factors.Case 1. Sulina - Musura Bay area
Case 2. Sinoe Lagoon - Chituc Levee area and their related maritime spaceCase 3. Maritime activities in the Periboina, Edighiol, Corbu - Midia-Năvodari
industrial sector - Mamaia Sat, Taşaul-Corbu Lakes area (Natura 2000 site/ROSPA 0060)
Black Sea
Sulina Channel
Sulina area
6262
CONCLUSIONS (1)
• The state and trends in the Romanian marine and coastal environment were monitored in 2010 in terms of physical, chemical and biological parameters, compared to the reference period of the '60s or more recent data.
• The state of the marine and coastal environment in 2010 confirms the general trend of slight improvement in the parameters mentioned and the state of convalescence of the ecosystem.
6363
CONCLUSIONS (2)• To protect and conserve
marine biodiversity, the coherent network of
marine protected areas, national and of European interest, was developed in 2010, by new proposals
and allocating the custody of most existing ones.
• The synthesis of the data for 2010, compared to the historical data on the state
and evolution of the Romanian coastal
environment, is contributing to the “Report on the
Environmental Factors State of Romania“
64
Please contact us:
National Institute for Marine Research and DevelopmentNIMRD “Grigore Antipa” Constanța
Romania, RO-900581 Constanța CT-03, 300 Mamaia Blvd.
e-mail: [email protected]
web: http://www.rmri.ro/
Thank you for your attention!Thank you for your attention!