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]`i Iyrctihk Ykack| ]hla| Trcgrheei jcr Ecfmczh

\yttcr} }c Iptcr} Trcec}ack hkmAkzi|}eik} H}}rhl}ack ak }`i

Ritybfal cj Ecfmczh

RCEHKAHK HTTHRIF EHROI]

EHQ 2441

]`a| trcnil} a| jykmim bq}`i Iyrctihk Ykack

H trcnil} aetfieik}im bqGJH Lck|yf}akg Grcyt ak lck|cr}ayewa}` AMA

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]`a| trcnil} a| jakhklim bq}`i Iyrctihk Ykack

\yttcr} }c Iptcr} Trcec}ack hkmAkzi|}eik} H}}rhl}ack ak }`i

Ritybfal cj Ecfmczh

IyrctiHam#82:084#L#\IR#EM Trcail} aetfieik}im bq h GJHLck|yf}akg Grcyt ak lck|cr}aye wa}` AMA

8

]hbfi cj Lck}ik}|

AK]RCMYL]ACK++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++2

L@HT]IR 8+

LCK\YET]ACK+++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++=8+8 Ehroi} zcfyei++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++=8+2 Ehroi} |igeik}h}ack+98+< Lck|yet}ack th}}irk| hkm }rikm|++1

L@HT]IR 2+ TRCMYL]ACK++822+8 Trcmyl}ack zcfyei+82

2+2 Akmy|}rq }rikm|+++8

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]`a| trcnil} a| jakhklim bq}`i Iyrctihk Ykack

\yttcr} }c Iptcr} Trcec}ack hkmAkzi|}eik} H}}rhl}ack ak }`i

Ritybfal cj Ecfmczh

IyrctiHam#82:084#L#\IR#EM Trcail} aetfieik}im bq h GJHLck|yf}akg Grcyt ak lck|cr}aye wa}` AMA

2

AK]RCMYL]ACK

]`i cbnil}azi cj }`a| ritcr} a| }c cjjir iptcr}ir| jrce Ecfmczh akjcreh}ack ck

htthrif ehroi} jrce Rcehkah+

]`i gikirhf cbnil}azi cj }`i |}ymq a| }c amik}ajq hkm h||i|| htthrif iptcr}cttcr}yka}ai| ck }`i Rcehkahk ehroi}+ \tilajal cbnil}azi| cj }`i |}ymq hri>

Ak}rcmyli }`i ehroi} hkm lck|yet}ack }rikm|?Tri|ik} }`i ma|}raby}ack |q|}ie?Hkhfq|i jcriagk }rhmi cj Rcehkah wa}` }`i |}ymaim trcmyl}|?

Tri|ik} trali }rikm|?

Tri|ik} ehroi} hlli|| rixyarieik}|?Amik}ajq ehroi} cttcr}yka}ai| hkm lck|}rhak}|?

]`i ri|yf}| cj }`i |}ymq lhk bi y|im bq Ecfmczhk trcmylir| h| h gyamakg eh}irahf}c mizifct ehroi}akg |}rh}igai| jcr }`i Rcehkahk ehroi}+ Hf|c }`i ri|yf}| lhkakmalh}i }`i tracra}q eih|yri| }c by|} |hfi| hkm |h}a|jq ehroi} miehkm+

Ei}`cmcfcgq

]`i ei}`cmcfcgq httfaim ak }`a| |}ymq lcrri|tckm| wa}` ei}`cmcfcgai| y|im ak }`ihlhmieal larlfi| hkm lck|yf}akg |irzali|+ @ikli& }`i |}ymq a| bh|im ehakfq cktraehrq akjcreh}ack kiimim }c amik}ajq hkm izhfyh}i }`i |a}yh}ack ck }`i Rcehkahkhtthrif ehroi}+

Mh}h lcffil}ack

]`a| |}ymq a| bh|im ck traehrq akjcreh}ack h| wiff h| ck |ilckmhrq akjcreh}ack+

]`i |ilckmhrq akjcreh}ack wh| lcffil}im jrce }`i zirq bigakkakg cj }`i |}ymq& akcrmir }c amik}ajq ehroi} jih}yri|+ \cyrli| cj |ilckmhrq akjcreh}ack wiri mh}h jrce}`i Kh}ackhf Ak|}a}y}i cj \}h}a|}al|& }`i Th}rckhgi cj Htthrif Trcmylir|& }`i Eaka|}rq

cj Ilckceq cj Rcehkah& |}ymai| trizacy|fq ehmi bq ehroi} ecka}crakg lcethkai|%Iyrcecka}cr hkm GjO%& ritcr}| hkm hr}alfi| ak eh|| eimah& i}l+ Ak crmir }c lcffil}}`i traehrq akjcreh}ack h kyebir cj ak|ag`}jyf ak}irzaiw| wiri ehmi wa}` }`itrcmylir| hkm ma|}raby}cr| cj |aeafhr trcmyl}| ck }`i Rcehkahk ehroi}+

Mh}h trcli||akg hkm hkhfq|a|

]`i lcffil}im akjcreh}ack& bc}` |ilckmhrq hkm traehrq wh| }`crcyg`fq |}ymaim hkm|}h}a|}alhf mh}h lck}raby}im }c amik}ajqakg Rcehkahk htthrif ehroi} }rikm| hkm a}|mizifcteik}+ W`afi trcli||akg akjcreh}ack h |tilahf h}}ik}ack wh| tham }c }`ixyhfa}q cj ak}irzaiw| ehmi& }`y| }rqakg }c l`hrhl}ira~i h| gccm h| tc||abfi }`i

ehroi} hkm }`i ctakack| cj a}| ritri|ik}h}azi|+

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]`a| trcnil} a| jakhklim bq}`i Iyrctihk Ykack

\yttcr} }c Iptcr} Trcec}ack hkmAkzi|}eik} H}}rhl}ack ak }`i

Ritybfal cj Ecfmczh

IyrctiHam#82:084#L#\IR#EM Trcail} aetfieik}im bq h GJHLck|yf}akg Grcyt ak lck|cr}aye wa}` AMA

trcmyl}| |hfi|}ryl}yri& wcroakg lckma}ack| wa}` |yttfair|& mizifcteik} tir|til}azi|& i}l+

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]`a| trcnil} a| jakhklim bq}`i Iyrctihk Ykack

\yttcr} }c Iptcr} Trcec}ack hkmAkzi|}eik} H}}rhl}ack ak }`i

Ritybfal cj Ecfmczh

IyrctiHam#82:084#L#\IR#EM Trcail} aetfieik}im bq h GJHLck|yf}akg Grcyt ak lck|cr}aye wa}` AMA

=

8+ LCK\YET]ACK

\}h}a|}alhf mh}h jrce }`a| l`ht}ir `hzi biik lcffil}im jrce Iyrc|}h}& Kh}ackhfAk|}a}y}i cj \}h}a|}al|& rifizhk} eh|| eimah hkm Iyrcecka}cr tybfalh}ack|+ ]`a|l`ht}ir mi|lrabi| }`i Rcehkahk htthrif ehroi}& a}| |}ryl}yri& |igeik}h}ack hkm}rikm|+

8+8 Ehroi} zcfyei

Bi}wiik 244

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]`a| trcnil} a| jakhklim bq}`i Iyrctihk Ykack

\yttcr} }c Iptcr} Trcec}ack hkmAkzi|}eik} H}}rhl}ack ak }`i

Ritybfal cj Ecfmczh

IyrctiHam#82:084#L#\IR#EM Trcail} aetfieik}im bq h GJHLck|yf}akg Grcyt ak lck|cr}aye wa}` AMA

9

akjfyikli ck }`i |}qfi hkm xyhk}a}q cj lfc}`| }`iq whk} ak }`iar whrmrcbi+ ]`i|i hri }`ioiq jhl}cr| }`h} |}aeyfh}i }`i miehkm+

]hbfi 8+2 Htthrif lck|yet}ack ak Rcehkah& 244

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]`a| trcnil} a| jakhklim bq}`i Iyrctihk Ykack

\yttcr} }c Iptcr} Trcec}ack hkmAkzi|}eik} H}}rhl}ack ak }`i

Ritybfal cj Ecfmczh

IyrctiHam#82:084#L#\IR#EM Trcail} aetfieik}im bq h GJHLck|yf}akg Grcyt ak lck|cr}aye wa}` AMA

7

zcfyei+ ]`i ghreik} ehroi} jcr wceik a| kc} ckfq baggir }`hk eik| ehroi}& by}a| hf|c ecri mqkheal hkm lck}akycy|fq grcw|+ Gikirhffq wceik |tikm eyl` ecri

ck lfc}`i| }`hk eik myrakg }`iar faji+

\igeik}h}ack bq }qti cj trcmyl} hkm hl}aza}q]`i ghreik} ehroi} lhk bi mazamim ak |izirhf |igeik}| bh|im ck }qti cj trcmyl}|

lcebakim wa}` }qti| cj hl}aza}ai|& ri|yf}akg ak h |tilajal lfc}`akg |}qfi+ ]`y| }`ijcffcwakg lh}igcrai| lhk bi ma|}akgya|`im> cjjalahf lfc}`akg& kck%cjjalahf& lh|yhf jcrjrii }aei (mhafq!& jcr hl}azi |tcr}+

]`i hl}azi |tcr} |igeik} waff lck}akyi }c akjfyikli }`i lh|yhf hkm kck%cjjalahf |}qfihtthrif |igeik}|+ ]`i cjjalahf |}qfi lfc}`i| }ikm }c fcc|i }`iar tc|a}ack ck }`i

ehroi}& w`afi }`i kck%cjjalahf ifighk} |}qfi htthrif |igeik} waff lck}akyi }c biakjfyiklim bq }`i wcro tfhli ikzarckeik}+ ]`a| a| trczim bq }`i |ylli|| cj }`ilc}}ck }rcy|ir|& aklfymakg }`i ri%ghakim tctyfhra}q cj nihk|+ ]`i `ag` miehkm jcr}ip}afi trcmyl}| |yl` h| |tcr} |`ar}| wa}`cy} lcffhr& ]%|`ar}|& nhloi}|& tyffczir|& i}l+affy|}rh}i| }`i tctyfhra}q cj }`i kck%cjjalahf lfc}`akg+

]`i l`afmrik htthrif ehroi} a| hf|c |cei}aei| akjfyiklim bq jh|`ack& ny|} h| }`i hmyf}htthrif ehroi}+ Myrakg }`i fh|} qihr| h ri%craik}h}ack }cwhrm| tyrl`h|akg |tcr} hkm

fia|yri |}qfi lfc}`i| jcr bcq| hkm garf| wh| kc}alim& ec|} cj a} jhffakg ykmir }`i lh}igcrqcj kck%cjjalahf |}qfi lfc}`i| jcr l`afmrik+

\igeik}h}ack bq h}}a}ymi }cwhrm| jh|`ack hkm faji |}qfiJh|`ack ifieik}| hri> lcfcyr& mi|agk& iplfy|aza}q hkm |}qfi+ H} tri|ik} }`ilck|yeir whk}| }c bi tirliazim h| hk akmitikmik} tir|ck wa}` ykaxyi faji |}qfi+]`i jh|`ack htthrif |igeik} (`ag` trali|! `h| hk akmazamyhfa~im jykl}ack+ H| h

ri|yf} }`i lck|yeir miehkm bilcei| ecri |tilajal+ ]`i l`hrhl}ir& amih| hkmh}}a}ymi }cwhrm| faji waff bi iptri||im }`rcyg` lfc}`i| |}qfi& w`al` a| hk iptri||ackcj tir|ckhfa}q+ Lck|yeir| |i} }`iar cwk lck|yet}ack tracra}ai|& hllcrmakg }c }`iarfaji |}qfi+ ]`i aklrih|akg }ikmiklq }cwhrm| akmazamyhfa~im lck|yet}ack waff by|} }`i

miehkm jcr gccm| cj hk ip`hy|}azi zhfyi+ Tictfi mc }`ako hbcy} trali w`ik }`iqbyq |yl` gccm|& w`afi jcr gccm| cj h fcwir tracra}q trali bilcei| hk aetcr}hk}lra}irack+

Ak }`i jh|`ack wcrfm }`iri hri |izirhf aetcr}hk} lcklit}|& cki cj w`al` a| }`iecmirk eik}hfa}q& a+i+ }`i fizif ak w`al` kiw jh|`ack }rikm| hri xyalofq hllit}im

bq }`i lck|yeir|+ ]`a| lcklit} lhk lfh||ajq trcmyl}| ak> hzhkghrma|}& akkczh}azi&lyrrik}& wiff okcwk hkm cfm%jh|`ackim+ Hkc}`ir aetcr}hk} lcklit} ak jh|`ack a|lyf}yri }`i h}}a}ymi }`i lck|yeir `h| }cwhrm| lyf}yri }qti|+ H lck|yeir lhkl`cc|i }c lckjcre }c h mceakhk} lyf}yri cr `i#|`i lhk l`cc|i }`i cttc|a}i(lck}rhrq }c }`i }rhma}ackhf lyf}yri!+ ]`a| lcklit} `ift| }c ma|}akgya|` }`i jcffcwakg

trcmyl} }qti|> ip}riei& majjirik}& hey|akg& |}qfa|`& l`axyi+

Ak gikirhf }`i ctakack righrmakg w`h} a| bihy}ajyf hkm w`h} a| ygfq a| kc} |c eyl`mi}ireakim bq }`i ehlrcilckceal jhl}cr| |yl` h| hgi& aklcei& trcji||ack hkm # crrifagack& by} eyl` ecri bq tirlit}ack cj jh|`ack hkm lyf}yri+

]`i zhrai}q ak faji |}qfi| hkm |yblyf}yri| hetfajaim }`i htthrif ehroi}

jrhgeik}h}ack+ A} bilhei rh}`ir majjalyf} }c trimal} lck|yeir| bi`hzacyr w`afityrl`h|akg lfc}`akg+

]`i lck|ixyikli cj }`i hjcrieik}ackim jhl} a| }`h} }`i lck|yeir iptil}| ri}hafir|

}c `hzi h lfihr aehgi+ Ak crmir }c |h}a|jq }`i lck|yeir miehkm|& ehkq htthrif

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]`a| trcnil} a| jakhklim bq}`i Iyrctihk Ykack

\yttcr} }c Iptcr} Trcec}ack hkmAkzi|}eik} H}}rhl}ack ak }`i

Ritybfal cj Ecfmczh

IyrctiHam#82:084#L#\IR#EM Trcail} aetfieik}im bq h GJHLck|yf}akg Grcyt ak lck|cr}aye wa}` AMA

0

|}cri| }ikm }c aetrczi& w`afi fhrgi ri}hafir| hkm |tilahfa~im htthrif |}cri| w`al`cjjir ma|lcyk}| |}hr} }c ehak}hak }`iar ctirh}ack h} h fcw trali+

Ak 244< Eak}if ak}rcmylim (Iyrctihk Lck|yeir ]rikm|! }ik }qti| cj lck|yeir|bh|im ck lceeirlahf trhl}ali|& miecgrht`al jih}yri| hkm faji |}qfi|+ ]`i|i }qti|hri mi|lrabim biffcw>

]`i ma|lirkakg % A} a| wcr}` thqakg ecri jcr xyhfa}q gccm|Fhbif |iioir| %H brhkm mi|agkir ritri|ik}| }`i aehgi cj h tir|ck\}qfa|` A `hzi h zirq gccm |ik|i cj |}qfiJh|`ack lck|lacy|A faoi }c jcffcw }`i fh}i|} jh|`ack }rikm|Wiff mri||imA} a| aetcr}hk} jcr ei }c bi wiff mri||im

Bhrghak yk}ir| A he h bhrghak `yk}ir\`cth`cfal A rihffq ikncq |`cttakg lfc}`i| Trhl}alhf % A byq lfc}`| jcr lcejcr}& kc} jcr |}qfi\tcr}A trhl}ali |tcr}| cr ipirla|i h} fih|} ckli h wiioAkmazamyhfa|} %A faoi }c bi ma|}akgya|`im jrce }`i lrcwm

\igeik}h}ack hllcrmakg }c trali # xyhfa}q rh}acXyhfa}q a| hk i||ik}ahf rixyarieik} jcr }`i fhrgi|} |il}cr| cj }`i htthrif ehroi}+

\izirhf h|til}| hri aetcr}hk} > }`i xyhfa}q ey|} bi |ytiracr& kc} bi akjfyiklim bq}aei& lfc|ifq rifh}im }c brhkm hkm mi|agk trcmyl}|+ Heckg xyhfa}q rixyarieik}| hri>htthrif ma|}akl}ack hkm lcejcr}+ ]`i gikirhf }ikmiklq }c byq |ytiracr xyhfa}q hkmiptik|azi trcmyl}| mizifctim ak }`i rilik} qihr|& `cwizir h ecri kc}iwcr}`q}ikmiklq a| }`h} }`i lck|yeir bilhei trali lck|lacy| hkm jcffcw| jh|`ack }rikm| hkmy|i| xyhfa}q jhbral|+ Jcr }`i lck|yeir }`i oiq tyrl`h|akg lra}irack a| bh|im ck |izirhf|igeik}h}ack lra}irah& |yl` h| h}}a}ymi }cwhrm| jh|`ack hkm }`i trali#xyhfa}q rh}ac& i}l+&hff cj }`ie biakg ritri|ik}im ak }`i }hbfi bifcw+

Trcmyl} lra}irah Brhkm| Jh|`ack lra}irah

Fypyrq |igeik} wa}`|ytiracr trali|

Faea}im lcffil}ack|& ehmiwa}` h |tilahf lhy}ack ?|cei}aei| `hkm ehmi&jhbral| cj |ytiracr xyhfa}qMi|agkir khei# brhkmrijfil}| fypyrq hkmjh|`ackhbfi ghreik}|

Mcfli * Ghbbhkh&Trhmh&Gicrgac Hrehka&Mckkh Ohrhk

@ag`fq ma|}akgya|`imlcffil}ack|Jhbral| hkm hr} wcro\i} }rikm| ak jh|`ack

\igeik} wa}` trali|`ag`ir }`hk hzirhgi

Lcffil}ack| hri trcmylimhj}ir hyl}ack? hmma}ackhfh}}ik}ack a| gazik }ceh}l`akg hkm hlli||crai|Brhkm trcmyl}|? gccm

xyhfa}q jhbral|? fhrgi jaifmak mi|agk wcro

Ehp Ehrh& L`aki&@ygc Bc||&Bfyehraki&Ehrka& \}riki||i&Ehrl Lhak

Wami zhrai}q cj |}qfi|hkm jhbral\}qfi hkm eh}l`akg hrizirq aetcr}hk}]`i trcmyl} a| ak thli

wa}` }`i fh}i|} jh|`ack}rikm|

\igeik} wa}`hzirhgi trali|

Lcffil}ack| hri trcmylimhj}ir }`i hyl}ack? hzirhgixyhfa}q jhbral|Eh}l`akg hllcrmakg }c }`ifh}i|} jh|`ack }rikm| cr aklfh||alhf ehkkir? brhkmtrcmyl}|

Jrikl` Lckkil}ack&Ak%wihr& Biki}}ck&\+ Cfazir& I|tra}&Eipp

H gccm eh}l`akg a|aetcr}hk}Wiff okcwk hbrchm bqbrhkm khei

\igeik} wa}` trali|fcwir }`hk hzirhgi

Trcmylim ak fhrgirxyhk}a}ai| jcr h fcwir trali?

bh|al |}qfi|& fi|| l`hkgi|ak ecmif|& bh|al eh}l`akgEh}irahf| cj hk hzirhgixyhfa}q# fi|| ecmirk

Trcmylim ak fhrgi xyhk}a}ai|

Ehrla trazh}i& lhL*H& Trcecm& WI&

Ehro| * \tiklir&@ieh& I}he

Ehrla trazh}i& lh

Lcffil}ack| }`h} eh}l`}`i ipa|}ik} jh|`ack

}rikm|

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]`a| trcnil} a| jakhklim bq}`i Iyrctihk Ykack

\yttcr} }c Iptcr} Trcec}ack hkmAkzi|}eik} H}}rhl}ack ak }`i

Ritybfal cj Ecfmczh

IyrctiHam#82:084#L#\IR#EM Trcail} aetfieik}im bq h GJHLck|yf}akg Grcyt ak lck|cr}aye wa}` AMA

84

Ak Rcehkah }`i htthrif iptikma}yri| `hzi h :&2) |`hri ak }`i `cy|i`cfm|bymgi}|& a} biakg rifh}azifq |}hbfi jcr }`i fh|} 9 qihr|+ ]`irijcri }`i lck|yet}ack

grcw}` a| ehakfq akjfyiklim bq }`i aklcei grcw}`+

Lck|yeir| l`cali tracra}ai|Lck|yet}ack th}}irk| zhrq bq lyf}yri& }rhma}ack| hkm |}qfi|+ ]`iri a| h grcwakg

}ikmiklq heckg }`i cfm hgi lck|yeir| }c thq lh|` eckiq jcr mwiffakg|& tir|ckhflhri& |hzakg| cr jrii }aei& eihkakg }`h} htthrif ri}hafir| jhli h ehncr |}ryl}yrhfl`hkgi+

Brhkm|Ak h wcrfm cj l`hkgi| hkm yklir}hak}q& brhkm| cjjir y| hk amicfcgalhf kh}ack+ Hff

tictfi |}ryggfi wa}` h jykmheik}hf lckjfal} bi}wiik mi|ari }c bi majjirik} hkmkili||a}q }c bifckg+ Bifckgakg }c h grcyt cr h lceeyka}q cjjir| hk amik}a}q }c hlir}hak ip}ik}& w`al` lhk }iff lir}hak }`akg| hbcy} }`i whq wi tirliazi cyr|ifzi|hkm `cw c}`ir| |`cyfm tirliazi y|+

Brhkm| hri aetcr}hk} h|>

]`iq gazi }`i lckjamikli }`h} }`i trcmyl} a| cj gccm xyhfa}q+ ]`i lck|yeir|

okcw }`h} }`iq waff kc} bi ma|httcak}im hkm }`h} }`i trcmyl} a| myrhbfi hkmxyhfa}h}azi+Ckfq |izirhf brhkm l`hrhl}ira|}al| mi}ireaki }`i trcmyl}+ Lck|yeir| hri hwhri}`h} h brhkm |`cyfm gyhrhk}ii xyhfa}q h| wiff h| cy}faki }`i aehgi }`h}akjfyikli| }`i faji |}qfi+Ak Iyrcti hkm }`i Y\H ec|} lck|yeir| gazi httrilah}i wiff okcwk brhkm| cj hbi}}ir xyhfa}q hkm cj lcyr|i thq ecri jcr }`i brhkm }`iq trijir hkm w`al`

ritri|ik}| }`iar aehgi hkm faji |}qfi+Lck|yeir| mc kc} ma|}akgya|` bi}wiik brhkm| cj |yttfair| hkm brhkm| cjri}hafir|+ Hkqcki lhk lckzakli }`i lck|yeir wa}` h brhkm |fcghk+ \yttfair|ctik }`iar cwk |`ct| (|yl` h| Kaoi& Fiza|& Eipp& Bc|| i}l+!? ri}hafir| cjjir

}`iar cwk trcmyl}| (|yl` h| ^hrh& Ght& L*H& @*E i}l+!+]`i brhkm fihmir|`at bah| httihr| ec|} trcbhbfq ak Iyrcti h| wiff+ Ri}hafir|hae }c ritfhli trcmylir| brhkm wa}` }`iar cwk amik}a}ai| ck }`i ehroi}& fihzakg}`i fypyrq ehroi} }c mi|agkir| brhkm|+

Lfaeh}i

Gikirhffq |tihoakg }`i lfaeh}i `h| h lck|amirhbfi aethl} ck }`i lck|yet}ack&w`al` }ikm| }c bi ecri |ih|ck craik}im+ Ykiptil}im lfaeh}i l`hkgi| akjfyikli }`ilck|yeir| ak }`iar mila|ack ehoakg+ Ak `c} wih}`ir& mrq lfaeh}i lck|yeir| trijir}c byq fi|| myrhbfi hkm l`ihtir lfc}`i|& }`a| hjjil}akg }`i |`hri cj iptikma}yri| jcrhtthrif+

Myrakg lcfm wak}ir| h rifh}azifq `ag` trctcr}ack cj zhfyi a| |tikm ck `ihzq htthrif&|yl` h| lch}| hkm wak}ir nhloi}|+

Jh|`ack }rikm|

\izirhf gikirhf }rikm| eik}ackim ak }`a| |}ymq hri }`i jcffcwakg>

\}qfi| hri bi}}ir eh}l`im wa}` |fae |af`cyi}}i|+ @ikli }`i jhbral y|im ak

trcmyl}ack bilcei| ecri aetcr}hk} hkm }`iri a| h kiim }c hllcetfa|`tirjcrehkli hkm hi|}`i}alhf jih}yri| cj h jhbral w`al` a| h}}rhl}azi jcr }`ilck|yeir+

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]`a| trcnil} a| jakhklim bq}`i Iyrctihk Ykack

\yttcr} }c Iptcr} Trcec}ack hkmAkzi|}eik} H}}rhl}ack ak }`i

Ritybfal cj Ecfmczh

IyrctiHam#82:084#L#\IR#EM Trcail} aetfieik}im bq h GJHLck|yf}akg Grcyt ak lck|cr}aye wa}` AMA

88

Lck|yeir| whk} h ecri |aetfi& ecri jfipabfi whrmrcbi hkm }c |tikm fi||eckiq+ ]`y| tictfi `hzi fi|| rixyarieik}|& gazi trijirikli }c kck%cjjalahf

|}qfi lfc}`i|& wa}` ecri mifalh}i |af`cyi}}i| hkm jhbral+]`iri a| h mijakim }ikmiklq jcr kck%cjjalahf |}qfa|` lfc}`i|+]iikhgir| lhri hbcy} brhkm| hkm y|i }`ie ak |tcr} lfc}`i| w`al` a| izik}yhffq}rhk|jcreim ak |}rii} lfc}`i| (Kaoi& Jafh& Hmamh| i}l+!+

]`i htthrif ehroi} jcr l`afmrik a| ecri hkm ecri akjfyiklim bq jh|`ack& cklioam| grcw yt hkm garf| }ikm }c byq mi|agkir| lfc}`|+

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]`a| trcnil} a| jakhklim bq}`i Iyrctihk Ykack

\yttcr} }c Iptcr} Trcec}ack hkmAkzi|}eik} H}}rhl}ack ak }`i

Ritybfal cj Ecfmczh

IyrctiHam#82:084#L#\IR#EM Trcail} aetfieik}im bq h GJHLck|yf}akg Grcyt ak lck|cr}aye wa}` AMA

82

2+ TRCMYL]ACK

\}h}a|}alhf akjcreh}ack jrce }`a| l`hr}ir wh| |cyrli| jrce Iyrc|}h}& Kh}ackhfAk|}a}y}i cj \}h}a|}al|& Eaka|}rq cj Ilckceq& Th}rckhgi cj Fag`} Akmy|}rq+ H|lcffil}im mh}h majjir| jrce |cyrli }c |cyrli& }`i ehak h|til}| tyr|yim ak }`a|l`ht}ir rijir }c htthrif |il}cr }rikm| hkm fi|| }c hb|cfy}i kyebir|+

2+8 Trcmyl}ack zcfyei

]`i htthrif akmy|}rq a| h }rhma}ackhf |il}cr ak }`i Rcehkahk ilckceq wa}` hkaetcr}hk} rcfi ak }`i lcyk}rq| iptcr}| hkm ietfcqeik}+

Ak 2447 }`i trcmyl}ack zhfyi (i|}aeh}im h} |yttfair| trali! hllcyk}im jcr 7891 ef+RCK (2+42 bfk+! hkm milfakim bq

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]`a| trcnil} a| jakhklim bq}`i Iyrctihk Ykack

\yttcr} }c Iptcr} Trcec}ack hkmAkzi|}eik} H}}rhl}ack ak }`i

Ritybfal cj Ecfmczh

IyrctiHam#82:084#L#\IR#EM Trcail} aetfieik}im bq h GJHLck|yf}akg Grcyt ak lck|cr}aye wa}` AMA

8 Yorhaki& Ehlimckah&Hfbhkah& Bifhry|& Ecfmczh+ Lcethkq trcmyl}ack jcffcw| }c bi |`aj}im }c mizifctakgcwk mi|agk hkm brhkm& lrih}akg ma|}raby}ack ki}wcro| hkm trcec}akg trcmyl}|+

Hkc}`ir mizifcteik} }hrgi} a| }c cjjir |irzali| jcr Wi|} Iyrctihk lcethkai|i|tilahffq ak tfhlakg trcmyl}ack crmir| (}`iar ma|}raby}ack }c |izirhf |yttfair|!&xyhfa}q lck}rcf& lcffil}akg jakhf trcmyl}| hkm lck}rcffakg }`i xyhfa}q& ri%thloakg hkmcrghka~akg }`i mifazirq }c }`i bikijalahrq+ Cwk trcmyl}ack waff bi faea}im }c |ehfffc}| ak crmir }c gyhrhk}ii jfipabafa}q hkm trcet}ki||+

]`i ehak ecmif| }c rifclh}i trcmyl}ack hri > LE] (Ly}& Ehoi * ]rae! hkm JCB

(Jrii ck Bchrm!+

LE] (Ly}& Ehoi * ]rae! }`a| rifclh}ack ecmif a| gikirhffq y|im jcr jh|`acktrcmyl}| w`iri }`i lck}rhl}cr }rhk|jir| hff ehkyhf ctirh}ack| }c }`i trcmylir%

|yttfair& w`afi }`i jhbral hlxya|a}ack (jhbral& eh}l`akg! riehak| a| }`i cbfagh}ack cj}`i lck}rhl}cr+ ]`i xyhfa}q lck}rcf a| hf|c rifclh}im by} |ytirza|im bq zcqhgirlck}rcffir|+

JCB ecmif y|im ehakfq jcr eh|| trcmyl}|? |tilajalh}ack| righrmakg mi|agk& jhbralxyhfa}q& hlli||crai|& i}l+ biakg crmirim+ \yttfair| }`ie|ifzi| lck}rcf }`i ik}ari

mifazirq trcli|| aklfymakg tyrl`h|i cj eh}irahf& trcmyl}ack hkm xyhfa}q lck}rcf+

LE] |yblck}rhl}akg a| jrixyik}fq y|im& hrcykm 04) cj htthrif lcethkai| jrceWi|}irk Iyrcti hkm \lhkmakhzahk lcyk}rai|& w`afi JCB ckfq 24)+

2+< Jcrilh|}|

% Jcrilh|}| lcklirkakg trcmyl}ack rizazhf cj }`i Rcehkahk htthrif |il}cr hkmrihl`akg }`i fizif trizacy|fq riga|}irim hri ti||aea|}al+ Ietfcqii| ma|ea||ack|(ehmi hkm tfhkkim!& lcethkai| gcakg bhkoryt}& aklrih|akg lceti}a}aziki||jrce H|ahk lcyk}rai| lckjare }`h} }`i |il}cr a| ak milfaki+

% Trali lceti}a}aziki|| ma|hmzhk}hgim bq aklrih|i cj ak}irkhf ctirh}ack lc|}| waff

lck}raby}i }c rimylakg Fc`k lck}rhl}|+ A} a| iptil}im }`h} ak 2%< qihr| Rcehkahwaff kc} iptcr} trcmyl}| ehmi ykmir |yl` lck}rhl}|+

% ]`i kyebir cj lcethkai| waff |agkajalhk}fq milrih|i& ckfq }`c|i hbfi }c mizifctcwk brhkm| hkm ak}igrh}im ma|}raby}ack ecmif| ia}`ir bq lrih}akg cwk |}cri

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]`a| trcnil} a| jakhklim bq}`i Iyrctihk Ykack

\yttcr} }c Iptcr} Trcec}ack hkmAkzi|}eik} H}}rhl}ack ak }`i

Ritybfal cj Ecfmczh

IyrctiHam#82:084#L#\IR#EM Trcail} aetfieik}im bq h GJHLck|yf}akg Grcyt ak lck|cr}aye wa}` AMA

8=

l`hak| cr bq mizifctakg lcctirh}ack wa}` |}cri| # |}cri l`hak| ipa|}ik} ck }`iehroi}+

2+= Cttcr}yka}ai| hkm lck|}rhak}|

% Cttcr}yka}ai| jcr Ecfmczhk trcmylir| hri ec|}fq ritri|ik}im }`rcyg` LE]

lck}rhl}| w`al` }ikm }c |`aj} }cwhrm| Ih|}+ ]`i ehroi} |igeik} w`al`Ecfmczhk lcethkai| ey|} jag`} jcr a| }`i eammfi |igeik}& bilhy|i ak }`ifcwir ilckceq |igeik} }`iri a| h |iracy| lceti}a}ack jrce }`i H|ahklcyk}rai|+

% Trcmyl}| ehmi cj Iyrctihk jhbral waff bi trcmylim ehakfq ak lcyk}rai| cj lfc|itrcpaea}q+ ]`i mizifcteik} cj ietfcqii| |oaff| hkm trcmyl}ack lhthla}ai| lhk

bilcei hk aetcr}hk} jhl}cr ak h}}rhl}akg lck}rhl}cr|+% Hf|c mizifcteik} cj mi|agk |oaff|& cj cwk lcffil}ack| hkm brhkm| a| httrctrah}ijcr h fckg }ire |}rh}igq& h| }`i lceti}a}azi hmzhk}hgi| jhmi hwhq ak }aei&aklfymakg trcmyl}ack lc|}| h| h ri|yf} cj y}afa}ai| lc|}| hfagkeik} }c }`iIyrctihk lc|}| fizif myrakg }`i jar|} |}hgi hkm |yb|ixyik}fq }c }`i whgi fizif+

% Mizifct kal`i trcmyl}| (jcr lir}hak ehroi} |igeik}|! cr |`aj} hl}aza}q }cwhrm|trcmylakg xyhfa}q gccm| ritri|ik}| hkc}`ir |}rh}igal fckg }ire maril}ack+ A} a|iptil}im }`h} }`i htthrif trcmyl}ack ak Ih|}irk Iyrcti waff maeaka|` ak }`i kihr

jy}yri hkm waff izik ma|httihr h} h lir}hak tcak} ak }aei+

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]`a| trcnil} a| jakhklim bq}`i Iyrctihk Ykack

\yttcr} }c Iptcr} Trcec}ack hkmAkzi|}eik} H}}rhl}ack ak }`i

Ritybfal cj Ecfmczh

IyrctiHam#82:084#L#\IR#EM Trcail} aetfieik}im bq h GJHLck|yf}akg Grcyt ak lck|cr}aye wa}` AMA

89

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]`a| trcnil} a| jakhklim bq}`i Iyrctihk Ykack

\yttcr} }c Iptcr} Trcec}ack hkmAkzi|}eik} H}}rhl}ack ak }`i

Ritybfal cj Ecfmczh

IyrctiHam#82:084#L#\IR#EM Trcail} aetfieik}im bq h GJHLck|yf}akg Grcyt ak lck|cr}aye wa}` AMA

8:

W`cfi|hfir|Lcethrim }c }`i Wi|}irk Iyrctihk w`cfi|hfir w`al` ehakfq ma|}raby}i| kc}cracy|

brhkm| cr cwk brhkm|& }`i Rcehkahk w`cfi|hfir |tilahfa~i| ehakfq ck aetcr}| cjl`iht trcmyl}| w`al` hri |cfm maril}fq jrce }`i ik%grc|| |}hkm| }`iq cwk+

Ri}hafir|

Ri}hafir| hri ritri|ik}im bq bag |}cri l`hak|+ ]`i aetcr}im trcmyl}| }hrgi}gikirhffq }`i ilckceq |igeik} hkm hri |cfm ykmir }`i cwk brhkm khei cj }`i|}cri l`hak+ Y|yhffq ri}hafir| faea} }c kigc}ah}akg lckma}ack| hkm mijakakg trcmyl}|jcr |yb|ixyik} |yttfq& w`afi aetcr}| hri ehmi bq cki cj }`iar |yttfair|+ Jcriphetfi& }`i EI]RC l`hak cr Ohyjfhkm y|i }`iar fclhf |yttfair| }c aetcr} trcmyl}|}`i hlxya|a}ack cj w`al` wh| milamim h} }`i }ct fizif cj }`i l`hak+

Oikzifc& Akma}ip (^hrh hkm Cq|`c!& Ehro*\tiklir& Ehkgc& Cf|ik& i}l+ H} tri|ik}}`i Rcehkahk jh|`ack ehroi} mam kc} rihl` a}| tiho+ Cy} cj 944 jh|`ack brhkm|ipa|}ik} wcrfmwami& hrcykm 844 ik}irim Rcehkah+ A} a| iptil}im }`h} }`a| kyebir

waff mcybfi ak }`i jcffcwakg

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]`a| trcnil} a| jakhklim bq}`i Iyrctihk Ykack

\yttcr} }c Iptcr} Trcec}ack hkmAkzi|}eik} H}}rhl}ack ak }`i

Ritybfal cj Ecfmczh

IyrctiHam#82:084#L#\IR#EM Trcail} aetfieik}im bq h GJHLck|yf}akg Grcyt ak lck|cr}aye wa}` AMA

87

MMT trali| 82+

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]`a| trcnil} a| jakhklim bq}`i Iyrctihk Ykack

\yttcr} }c Iptcr} Trcec}ack hkmAkzi|}eik} H}}rhl}ack ak }`i

Ritybfal cj Ecfmczh

IyrctiHam#82:084#L#\IR#EM Trcail} aetfieik}im bq h GJHLck|yf}akg Grcyt ak lck|cr}aye wa}` AMA

80

Ecfmczh 971:&7 941&= 0490&8 887:&7 11 ehroi} |a~i hkm

ehroi} miehkm+ Heckg }`i IY }ct aetcr}ir|& Rcehkah a| ck }`i 80}` tfhli hkm a|lfh||ajaim h| h lcyk}rq wa}` h |}rckg aetcr}| grcw}` (htt+ 84%29) hkkyhfaklrih|i!+

Bi}wiik 2449%2440 ak Rcehkah }`i hzirhgi aetcr} trali rha|im ak hzirhgi bq82) tir qihr& rijfil}akg hk aklrih|i cj miehkm jcr `ag` xyhfa}q kc}cracy| brhkm|&ehakfq aetcr}im jrce }`i IY lcyk}rai|+

=+2 Aetcr}| bq grcyt| cj trcmyl}|

Rcehkahk aetcr}| cj}ip}afi htthrif riga|}irim hk hkkyhf grcw}` cj 28) ak zhfyihkm 22) ak zcfyei myrakg 244:%2440+ ]`i hzirhgi aetcr} trali| mrcttim ckhzirhgi wa}` 8+2) hkkyhffq+ ]`a| milrih|i wh| ehakfq lhy|im bq }`i lck}akycy|fqgrcwakg r`q}`e cj l`iht aetcr}| jrce }`i kck%IY lcyk}rai| lcethrim }c aetcr}|jrce }`i IY lcyk}rai|+ 7=) cj aetcr}| bq zcfyei hri jrce }`i kck%IY ~cki+ Bqzhfyi 7=) cj aetcr}| bifckg }c }`i IY eiebir |}h}i|+

Bi}wiik 244:%2440 aetcr}| cjkck%}ip}afi jhbral htthrif riga|}irim hk hkkyhfaklrih|i cj 2

Zai}khe (

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]`a| trcnil} a| jakhklim bq}`i Iyrctihk Ykack

\yttcr} }c Iptcr} Trcec}ack hkmAkzi|}eik} H}}rhl}ack ak }`i

Ritybfal cj Ecfmczh

IyrctiHam#82:084#L#\IR#EM Trcail} aetfieik}im bq h GJHLck|yf}akg Grcyt ak lck|cr}aye wa}` AMA

81

Byfghrah (=&9!& @ykghrq (Cy}|ami IY 848&1 74&7 01&7 L`akh (92&

Ecfmczh (=&=!& Zai}khe (2&1!& Akmah (2&8!

Ecfmczh 2&4

Yorhaki (2&08!Ecfmczh Iyrc|h}h}& Kh}ackhf Ak|}a}y}i cj \}h}a|}al|

]hbfi =+< Ghreik} aetcr}| bq grcyt| cj trcmyl}|& ak zhfyi

244: 2447 2440 Grcw}`

ef&\`hri

) ef&\`hri

) ef&\`hri

) hzirhgi

}c}hf }c}hf }c}hf hkkyhf

aetcr} aetcr} aetcr} 244:%2440&)

]c}hf ghreik}| 9=2&= 844&4 :71&4 844&4 040&2 844

]ip}afi ghreik}|

% lch}|#nhloi}|

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]`a| trcnil} a| jakhklim bq}`i Iyrctihk Ykack

\yttcr} }c Iptcr} Trcec}ack hkmAkzi|}eik} H}}rhl}ack ak }`i

Ritybfal cj Ecfmczh

IyrctiHam#82:084#L#\IR#EM Trcail} aetfieik}im bq h GJHLck|yf}akg Grcyt ak lck|cr}aye wa}` AMA

24

]ip}afi htthrifAetcr}| cj }`rii trcmyl} grcyt|> nir|iq|& tyffczir|& nhloi}|& i}l+? |`ar}| ? fakgirai

hkm `cei lfc}`i| hllcyk} jcr czir 94) cj }ip}afi htthrif aetcr}| zhfyi+

Aetcr}| bq zcfyei (ak yka}|! hri kc} hzhafhbfi jcr tiracm| tracr }c 2447 qihr+Myrakg 244:%2440 aetcr}| cjnir|iq|& tyffczir|& nhloi}|& i}l+ aklrih|im bq 8

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]`a| trcnil} a| jakhklim bq}`i Iyrctihk Ykack

\yttcr} }c Iptcr} Trcec}ack hkmAkzi|}eik} H}}rhl}ack ak }`i

Ritybfal cj Ecfmczh

IyrctiHam#82:084#L#\IR#EM Trcail} aetfieik}im bq h GJHLck|yf}akg Grcyt ak lck|cr}aye wa}` AMA

28

Kck%}ip}afi ghreik}|Aetcr}| cj }`rii trcmyl} grcyt| lch}|& nhloi}|& i}l+& }rcy|ir|& |`ar}| hkm

bfcy|i| hri }`i ec|} aetcr}hk} ak }`i kck%}ip}afi ghreik} |il}cr& }c}hfakg czir=:) cj }`i aetcr}| zhfyi jrce }`i ri|til}azi lh}igcrq+

Aetcr}| cjlch}|#nhloi}| |yl` h| |wih}|`ar}|& nhloi}|& i}l+ aklrih|im jrce 2+79

eaffack yka}| ak 244: }c 7+=< eaffack yka}| ak 2440+ ]`i hzirhgi aetcr} trali|mrcttim bq 9+99) jrce 0+=9 iyrc|#yka}| ak 244: }c :+88 iyrc|#yka}| ak 2440+Hbcy} 70) cj aetcr}im trcmyl}| wiri ehmi cj |qk}`i}al jabir hkm 81) cj lc}}ckg+Rcehkah| aetcr}| jrce }`i kck%IY lcyk}rai| griw lck|amirhbfq jrce 2+7 eaffackyka}| ak 244: }c :+1< eaffack yka}| ak 2440+ Bq zcfyei aetcr}| jrce }`i kck%IY~cki riga|}irim h |`hri cj 1 A}hfq (8&:9)!& \thak (8&4

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]`a| trcnil} a| jakhklim bq}`i Iyrctihk Ykack

\yttcr} }c Iptcr} Trcec}ack hkmAkzi|}eik} H}}rhl}ack ak }`i

Ritybfal cj Ecfmczh

IyrctiHam#82:084#L#\IR#EM Trcail} aetfieik}im bq h GJHLck|yf}akg Grcyt ak lck|cr}aye wa}` AMA

22

]hbfi =+= Iptcr}| cj ghreik}| 244:%2440& ak eaffack # }`cy|hkm }cki|

244: 2447 2440 Aklrih|i

Zhfyi Xyhk}a}q Zhfyi Xyhk}a}q Zhfyi Xyhk}a}q Hkkyhf hzirhgi

eaffack ]`cy|hkm

}cki|eaffack

]`cy|hkm

}cki| eaffack ]`cy|hkm

}cki| Ak zhfyi

244:%2440

]c}hfRcehkah& < =04&=1 8

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]`a| trcnil} a| jakhklim bq}`i Iyrctihk Ykack

\yttcr} }c Iptcr} Trcec}ack hkmAkzi|}eik} H}}rhl}ack ak }`i

Ritybfal cj Ecfmczh

IyrctiHam#82:084#L#\IR#EM Trcail} aetfieik}im bq h GJHLck|yf}akg Grcyt ak lck|cr}aye wa}` AMA

2

Rilceeikmh}ack| righrmakg jhbral jih}yri| w`al` lhk bi amik}ajaim bq hkiptiraiklim |tilahfa|} wa}` cr wa}`cy} gikirhffq y|im }ccf|+ A} a| h ea|}hoi w`ik

mijil}| ak jhbral hri cbzacy| cr lhk `hre }`i jaka|`im trcmyl}|?

Rilceeikmh}ack righrmakg jhbral jih}yri| w`al` lhk bi amik}ajaim ckfq wa}` }`i

`ift cj }`i kili||hrq ixyateik}+ ]`i mi|lrat}ack cj ihl` jih}yri lck}hak|>mijaka}ack& }i|}akg ei}`cm hkm eakaehf xyhfa}q |}hkmhrm| ck> }cfirhkli| hffcwimlcethrim }c xyhfa}q cj |hetfi| hkm izik}yhffq lceeirlahf akzcfzieik}|+

]i|}akg ei}`cm| cj jhbral hkm#cr cj ghreik}| hri gikirhffq bh|im ck A\C|}hkmhrm| hkm Iyrctihk kcre| (IK! cr kh}ackhf |}hkmhrm|& |yl` h|>

Lhri fhbifakg (A\C

|ilyra}q+

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]`a| trcnil} a| jakhklim bq}`i Iyrctihk Ykack

\yttcr} }c Iptcr} Trcec}ack hkmAkzi|}eik} H}}rhl}ack ak }`i

Ritybfal cj Ecfmczh

IyrctiHam#82:084#L#\IR#EM Trcail} aetfieik}im bq h GJHLck|yf}akg Grcyt ak lck|cr}aye wa}` AMA

2=

Trcmyl} Figa|fh}ackAk }`i IY trcmyl} figa|fh}ack ck ikzarckeik}& lck|yeir| `ihf}` hkm |ilyra}q ak

}rhmi wa}` }ip}afi| a| lcetyf|crq hkm cj `ag` aetcr}hkli+ ]`i|i fhw| rijir }c> h~clcfcrhk}| jcr jhbral| lcfcyrakg? h~c lcfcrhk}| hri mhkgircy| jcr `ihf}` hkmikzarckeik}? kaloif y|im ak hlli||crai|& |yl` h| by}}ck| hkm ~attir| lhk lhy|ihffirgai|? lhmeaye }cpak| y|im ak trak}im jhbral| lhk bi mhkgircy| jcr `ihf}` hkm

ikzarckeik}+

Ec|} IY fhw| hri maril}fq httfaim }c jcriagk lcethkai| }`h} |yttfq trcmyl}| }c hIyrctihk lcyk}rq& jcr ip+& }`rcyg` cwk jcriagk |`ct|+ Hf}`cyg` trcmyl}| hritfhlim akmaril}fq ck }`i ehroi} bq aetcr}ir|& ak ec|} lh|i|& }`i aetcr}ir a| `cfmri|tck|abfi jcr }`i|i trcmyl}|+ ]`irijcri aetcr}ir| lhk iklcyrhgi cr izik jcrli

jcriagk |yttfair| }c jcffcw lir}hak |}hkmhrm| }`rcyg` whrrhk}ii| ik|yrim bq fhw+

Ehroi} Rixyarieik}|]`i|i rixyarieik}| lhk bi lfh||ajaim ak }hbfi|& lcmi| cr ak ehkhgieik} |q|}ie|+Bi|ami| }`i fighf rixyarieik}|& trcmylir| jhli hmma}ackhf rixyarieik}|+ IY

aetcr}ir| h|o jcr ecri akjcreh}ack jrce }`i trcmylir|& jcr ip+& akjcreh}ack ck|clahf lckma}ack| h} }`i wcro tfhli cr fhbcr lckma}ack| jrce }`i ilcfcgq tcak} cjzaiw+ Hf}`cyg` rixyarieik}| ak }`a| jaifm hri kc} thr} cj }`i cjjalahf figa|fh}ack a} a|

rilceeikmim }c }hoi }`ie ak}c lck|amirh}ack ak crmir }c bi lceti}a}azi ck }`iehroi}+ Aj h trcmylir wa|`i| }c fi} jcriagk thr}ai| okcw }`h} `i trcmyli| ak gccmwcroakg lckma}ack|& `i lhk lckjcre }c |}hkmhrm| w`al` wiri mizifctim jcr }`a|tyrtc|i+ ]`i bi|} |}hkmhrm a| A\C 8=444 |irai|& cj w`al` }`i ec|} aetcr}hk} a|A\C 8=448 akmalh}akg }`i rixyarieik}| jcr }`i ehkhgieik} ikzarckeik} |q|}ie+

\clahf Rixyarieik}|

Bi|ami| }`i fighf rixyarieik} aetc|im bq iptcr}ir| gczirkeik}|& iptcr}ir|lckjrck} wa}` |clahf rixyarieik}| jrce IY aetcr}ir|+ Y|yhffq lcethkai| hriiptil}im }c aetfieik} }`i |c lhffim i}`alhf lcmi| w`al` aklfymi eakaehf |}hkmhrm|cr y|i ehkhgieik} |q|}ie| hkm i}`al| (i|tilahffq \H0444 ehkhgirahf |q|}ie

y|im ak }`i }ip}afi |il}cr! }c gyhrhk}ii gccm wcroakg lckma}ack|+ ]`i|i |clahfrixyarieik}| ghak aetcr}hkli ck }`i IY ehroi}| hkm bilcei h trilckma}ack jcr}`i ak}irkh}ackhf }rhmi+

]`i |c%lhffim |clahf lcmi| hri y|yhffq lcrtcrh}i lcmi|+ Ak ehkq IY eiebir |}h}i|&}`i y|i cj eakcr| h| wcro jcrli a| lck|amirim h |iracy| trcbfie+ Hmzir}a|ieik}|

righrmakg }`a| a||yi lhyg`} }`i h}}ik}ack cj }`i lck|yeir hkm `hm h kigh}aziaethl} ck |hfi|+ Iptcr}ir| hbfi }c gyhrhk}ii hkm trczi }`h} }`iar gccm| hritrcmyl}| wa}`cy} iptfca}akg eakcr| ak }`i trcmyl}ack trcli|| waff ghak h lceti}a}azihmzhk}hgi lcethrim }c c}`ir gccm| hkm waff `hzi h baggir l`hkgi }c |i} fckg }ireby|aki|| rifh}ack|+ Bi|ami| }`h} IY hmmim h |clahf lfhy|i }c }`i Gikirhf \q|}ie

cj Trijirikli| (G\T! w`al` cjjir| lir}hak }hrajj ma|lcyk}| }c aetcr} cj trcmyl}|ehmi ak h lazafa~im ehkkir+ Ak }`a| |ik|i lhk bi eik}ackim }`i ehak AFCLckzik}ack| lczirakg jrii h||clah}ack& wcro jcrli ma|lraeakh}ack& wcro ixyhfa}q hkmifaeakh}akg eakcr| iptfca}h}ack+

Ikzarckeik} Rixyarieik}|]`iri hri ehkq }ccf| |yl` h| fhbif|& ehkhgirahf |q|}ie| ehroakg| hkm i}`al|

lcmi| w`al` ritri|ik} majjirik} cbnil}azi| |yl` h| ikzarckeik} h|til}| hkm y|i cjehkhgieik} |q|}ie|+

Ak }`i htthrif hkm }ip}afi |il}cr hri y|im kh}ackhf ilc%fhbif|& ilc%fhbifakg

trcgrheei| ak IY hkm ikzarckeik}hf fhbif| cj akmitikmik} crghka~h}ack|+ \cei

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]`a| trcnil} a| jakhklim bq}`i Iyrctihk Ykack

\yttcr} }c Iptcr} Trcec}ack hkmAkzi|}eik} H}}rhl}ack ak }`i

Ritybfal cj Ecfmczh

IyrctiHam#82:084#L#\IR#EM Trcail} aetfieik}im bq h GJHLck|yf}akg Grcyt ak lck|cr}aye wa}` AMA

29

fhbif| `hzi h faea}im aethl} ck }`i ehroi}& a+i+ ilc fhbif| jcr crghkal jhbral| crkh}ackhf fhbifakg trcgrheei|+

Hk aetcr}hk} akmitikmik} brhkm wa}` h |agkajalhk} aethl} ck }`i ehroi} a| }`iCoc%]ipp 844 (jrce Coc%]ip H||clah}ack!& fhbif bh|im ck bc}` ikzarckeik}hf hkm|hji}q h|til}|+ Coc%}ip a| }`i ec|} jhecy| hkm y|im fhbif+ Ilc fhbif Jfcwirwh|

hmea}}im ak IY h| h gccm trcgrhe hkm lck|a|}ik} wa}` }`i kh}ackhf ilc fhbif|+]`iri hri czir 24 grcyt| cj majjirik} trcmyl}| aklfymakg ghreik}|+ Iphetfi| cjkh}ackhf ilc fhbifakg hri> Eafaiyoiyr (@cffhkm& Mir Bfhyi Ikgif (Girehkq! hkmHikcr (\thak!+

Ikzarckeik} rixyarieik}| ak i}`al| lcmi| y|yhffq ipliim }`i rixyarieik}|

aklfymim }`i ipa|}ik} IY i}`al| lcmi|+

Wcro tfhli |ilyra}q\}hkmhrm| hkm ei}`cm| hri mizifctim h| }`i IY a| ecri hkm ecri tricllytaimwa}` fclhf |clahf lckma}ack| ak w`al` gccm| hri trcmylim+ @ih}` hkm wcro tfhli

|ilyra}q a| hk aetcr}hk} a||yi& h| |clahf |}hkmhrm| hri |}rckgfq rixyarim ck }`i IYehroi}+

]`i ehak lcklirk righrmakg |hji}q hkm `ihf}` w`afi trcli||akg jhbral| a| }`iiptc|yri }c }cpal l`iealhf trcmyl}| hkm wcro wa}` iptc|yri }c ra|o& h| wiff h|hllamik}| wa}` ixyateik}+ H kigh}azi aethl} ck |hfi| `hm }`i iptc|yri }c }cpall`iealhf trcmyl}| }`h} aeeimah}ifq lhy|i fckg }ire |hji}q hkm `ihf}` trcbfie|hkm kigh}azi hmzir}a|akg cj `ihf}` trcbfie| cr wcro lckma}ack| myrakg trcmyl}acktrcli||+

9+< Thlohgakg& ehroakg hkm fhbifakg

Thlohgakg

Aj |ceicki ak}ikm| }c iptcr} ak IY h |tilahf h}}ik}ack ey|} bi tham }c thlohgakg+A} a| cbzacy| }`h} thlohgakg ey|} bi myrhbfi w`ik }rhk|tcr}im+ Trcmyl}| ey|} bitrc}il}im hghak|} ifieik}| |yl` h| }ietirh}yri l`hkgi|& kck%xyhfajaimehkatyfh}ack hkm }`ij}+ Bi|ami| myrhbafa}q }c }rhk|tcr} hkm ehkatyfh}ack |ceiaetcr}ir| lhk `hzi lir}hak rixyarieik}| righrmakg thlohgakg& |yl` h| akjcreh}ackrighrmakg crmir trak}im ck bcpi| (kyebir cr crmir|& bcp kyebir& khei cj

mithr}eik} cr lck}hl} tir|ck& i}l+!+

Jrce }`i ikzarckeik}hf h|til}|& thlohgi| ehmi cj eh}irahf| |yl` h| TZL& i}l+ a|fi|| y|im heckg lck|yeir|& hkm ak |cei lh|i| lhk bi trc`aba}im bq }`igczirkeik}+ Iptcr}ir| ey|} bi trithrim }c ma|ly|| }`a| a||yi wa}` tc}ik}ahf lfaik}|

hkm ey|} hk}alath}i lc|}| jcr |tilahf thlohgakg ak a}| trali|& aj kili||hrq+

]`i Iyrctihk Thlohgakg * Thlohgakg Wh|}i| Maril}azi (1=#:2#IL! a| lcklirkimwa}` eakaea~akg }`i lrih}ack cj thlohgakg wh|}i+ A} lck|a|}| cj xyhk}a}h}azi cbnil}azi|}`h} ey|} bi jyfjaffim bq ihl` IY eiebir |}h}i+ ]`i IY |}h}i| hri ri|tck|abfi }chmny|} }`i Maril}azi }c }`i kh}ackhf figa|fh}ack+

Ak Iyrcti }`i a||yi lcklirkakg maeaka|`akg wh|}i| a| trcbfieh}al& ehakfq bilhy|i}`i aetcr}ir a| ri|tck|abfi jcr gi}}akg ram cj thlohgakg wh|}i| jcr hff gccm|trcmylim cy}|ami IY+ A} a| lra}alhf }c }hoi ak}c hllcyk} trcmyl} thlohgakg

rixyarieik}| (bc}` }rhk|tcr} hkm |hfi thlohgi|! w`afi tfhkkakg iptcr}| }c IY+ ]c

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]`a| trcnil} a| jakhklim bq}`i Iyrctihk Ykack

\yttcr} }c Iptcr} Trcec}ack hkmAkzi|}eik} H}}rhl}ack ak }`i

Ritybfal cj Ecfmczh

IyrctiHam#82:084#L#\IR#EM Trcail} aetfieik}im bq h GJHLck|yf}akg Grcyt ak lck|cr}aye wa}` AMA

2:

jyfjaff }`i }hrgi}im ehroi} rixyarieik}| a} a| kili||hrq }c lceeykalh}i wa}` }`iaetcr}ir righrmakg thlohgakg+

Ehroakg]`i jcffcwakg bcmq eih|yri| hri y|im> bcmq `iag`}& brih|}& wha|} hkm `ykoir|

wam}`+ ]`i|i jcyr ehak eih|yri| hri lrylahf jcr h lfc}` }c jaff wiff }`i bcmq+

FhbifakgAk }`i IY rixyarieik}| }`iri hri }wc }qti| cj fhbifakg>

Lcetyf|crq rixyarieik}|hri eih|yri| (ma|ly||im ihrfair!& jabir| lck}ik} hkm

fhbif wa}` lhri%rifh}im ak|}ryl}ack|+ Wa}` righrm }c jabir lck}ik}> 844) kc}i crkh}yrhf lhk bi y|im wa}`cy} h 2) ehrgak cj }`i jakhf trcmyl} wiag`}+ Jabir|wa}` h 84) fag`}ir wiag`} }`hk }`i jakhf trcmyl}| wiag`} lhk bi eik}ackim ak}`i fhbif& `ikli hff c}`ir jabir| ey|} bi eik}ackim h| wiff ck }`i fhbif+

Zcfyk}hrq rixyarieik}|> trcmyl} cragak& brhkm cr trcmyl} khei hkm c}`iry|ijyf akjcreh}ack jcr }`i lck|yeir+ A} a| ecri aetcr}hk} }c oiit }`i lck|yeirakjcreim hbcy} }`i ipa|}ik} hkm jy}yri trcmyl}|+ A} a| zirq aetcr}hk} }c

eik}ack w`iri }`i trcmyl} wh| ehmi+

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]`a| trcnil} a| jakhklim bq}`i Iyrctihk Ykack

\yttcr} }c Iptcr} Trcec}ack hkmAkzi|}eik} H}}rhl}ack ak }`i

Ritybfal cj Ecfmczh

IyrctiHam#82:084#L#\IR#EM Trcail} aetfieik}im bq h GJHLck|yf}akg Grcyt ak lck|cr}aye wa}` AMA

27

L@HT]IR :+ CTTCR]YKA]AI\ HKM LCK\]RHAK]\

]`i Rcehkahk htthrif ehroi} cjjir| cttcr}yka}ai| h| wiff h| lck|}rhak}| jcrEcfmczhk iptcr}ir|+ Cttcr}yka}ai| hri mi}ireakim traehrafq bq }`i h|likmakgtrcmyl} lck|yet}ack }rikm lhy|im bq aklrih|i cj }`i tctyfh}ack| aklcei|+Lck|}rhak}| hri rifh}im }c }`i jhl} }`h} Rcehkah a| cki cj }`i fhrgi|} htthrif

trcmylir| ak Iyrcti wa}` h zirq wiff mizifctim |il}cr lhthbfi (}`icri}alhffq! }cjyffq lczir }`i fclhf miehkm jcr htthrif+ Ck fckg }ire }`i trcmyl}ack rifclh}ack }c~cki| wa}` rimylim lc|}| waff |agkajalhk}fq ipthkm& ny|} h| a} `httikim ak }`iWi|}irk Iyrcti+ Rcehkah waff bilcei h ki} aetcr}ir cj }`i ri|til}azi trcmyl}|&fclhffq riehakakg ctirh}ackhf mi|agk jhlafa}ai| hkm trcmyl}ack cj fypyrq |igeik}ghreik}|+

:+8 Cttcr}yka}ai|

]`i hkhfq|a| cj }`i Rcehkahk htthrif ehroi} }rikm| hkm mqkheal| rizihfim}`i jcffcwakg cttcr}yka}ai| jcr }`i Ecfmczhk trcmylir| >

Trcmyl} mifazirq

8+ Trcmylakg ak Fc`k |q|}ie (LE] lck}rhl}|!

Ak}irkhf trcmyl}ack lc|}| (whgi|& y}afa}ai|& i}l+! rimyli }`i lceti}a}aziki|| cj }`ifclhf htthrif |il}cr+ @ikli ecri Rcehkahk lcethkai| hri jcrlim }c fcco jcr ~cki|}c rifclh}i thr}ahffq cr lcetfi}ifq }`i htthrif trcmyl}ack+

Thr}ahf trcmyl}ack rifclh}ack a| h kili||a}q jcr lcethkai| w`al` hf|c trcmyli ak

Fc`k |q|}ie jcr Wi|}irk Iyrctihk lcethkai|+ Rifclh}ack cr |yblck}rhl}akg a|kiimim }c maeaka|` }c}hf trcmyl}ack lc|}| cj crmirim trcmyl}ack fc}|& hffcwakglcethkai| }c lck}akyi }c cjjir trcmyl}ack |irzali|+ Ak |yl` lckma}ack| }`i ec|}akzi|}agh}im ~cki| hri }`c|i ak lfc|i trcpaea}q }c maeaka|` }ire| cj mifazirq hkm }c

hffcw lck}rhl}cr| }c lck}rcf }`i trcmyl}ack trcli||i|+ A} a| cbzacy| }`h} }`icttcr}yka}q jcr }`i Ecfmczhk trcmylir| a| ak |yblck}rhl}akg+

Lcetfi}i rifclh}ack cj trcmyl}ack a| ehakfq kili||hrq jcr }`i Rcehkahk lcethkai|w`al` mizifctim cwk brhkm|& trcmyl}| ma|}raby}ack ki}wcro waffakg }c ehak}hak }`ilceti}a}aziki|| cj trcmyl}| hkm }c jyffq ricrghka~i }`iar by|aki|| bq ifaeakh}akg

rifh}azifq |aetfi trcmyl}ack ctirh}ack| w`al` aetfq ak}ik|azi ri|cyrli y}afa~h}ack+Ctirh}ack|#trcli||i| w`al` riehak }c bi tirjcreim wa}`ak }`i|i lcethkai| hririfh}im }c mi|agk lrih}ack& brhkm hkm ma|}raby}ack ki}wcro mizifcteik}+ Trcmyl}acktrcli||i| hri rifclh}im ip}irkhffq+ Ak}iri|} ~cki| mitikm ck }`i ehroi} |igeik}}`i lcethkq ctirh}i| ak> jcr `ag` zcfyei trcmyl}ack H|ahk lcyk}rai|& jcr

jh|`ack trcmyl}| ak |ehff fc}| jcr w`al` mifazirq }ire| hri `ag`fq aetcr}hk} trcpaea}q ~cki|+ Jcr }`i Ecfmczhk trcmylir| h| hk cttcr}yka}q lhk bi }`i |ilckmgrcyt cj trcmyl}|& wa}` }`i lckma}ack }`h} }`i }il`kcfcgalhf lhthla}q cj }`iEcfmczhk lcethkq hffcw }c trcmyli h} }`i rixyi|}im fizif hkm xyhfa}q+

2+ Trcmyl}ack ak JCB |q|}ie (trazh}i fhbif!

]`a| |q|}ie aetfai| ak}igrhf mifazirq cj gccm| trcmylim hllcrmakg }c }`i byqir|mi|agk (kc} iplfymim }`i iptcr}ir| mi|agk!+ Rhw eh}irahf tyrl`h|i hkm trcmyl}ackcj gccm| a| }`i |cfi ri|tck|abafa}q cj }`i iptcr}ir+ Lfaik}| hri ehakfq |}cri l`hak|(|ytirehroi}|& `qtirehroi}|& i}l+! w`al` `hzi htthrif mithr}eik}| }`h} }hrgi}

}`i ilckceq hkm hzirhgi ehroi} |igeik}|+ Cttcr}yka}ai| jcr }`i Ecfmczhk

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]`a| trcnil} a| jakhklim bq}`i Iyrctihk Ykack

\yttcr} }c Iptcr} Trcec}ack hkmAkzi|}eik} H}}rhl}ack ak }`i

Ritybfal cj Ecfmczh

IyrctiHam#82:084#L#\IR#EM Trcail} aetfieik}im bq h GJHLck|yf}akg Grcyt ak lck|cr}aye wa}` AMA

20

trcmylir| hri ehakfq mi}ireakim bq }`i lhthla}q }c |yttfq trcmyl}| ak rifh}azifq|ehff fc}|& by} h} lceti}a}azi trali|& gazakg }`i tc||abafa}q }c maeaka|` fhrgi trcmyl}

|}clo| lrih}im w`ik riliazakg crmir| jrce }`i jhr%cjj ~cki|+ ]`i ehak lckma}ack}c wcro ykmir |yl` lck}rhl}| a| }c cjjir trcmyl}| h} lceti}a}azi trali| hkm }c mihfwa}` aetcr} ctirh}ack| w`al` hri kc} h||yeim bq }`c|i |}cri l`hak|+

Hkc}`ir rhtamfq mizifctakg lcklit} w`al` gikirhffq }hrgi}| ehroi} |igeik}|biqckm hzirhgi a| jh|} jh|`ack& a+i+ trcmylakg lcffil}ack ghreik}| trizacy|fqfhykl`im ck }`i ehroi} hkm jcr w`al` }`iri a| h kiim cj cki cr ecri |}clo|+ Ak}`a| lh|i lfaik}| hri lcethkai| ctirh}akg jcr }`i fypyrq |igeik}+ Trcpaea}q ~cki|hri lck}rhl}im jcr }`a| tyrtc|i h| wcroakg lckma}ack| jcr }`a| ecmif hri> trcet}mifazirq hkm zirq faea}im trcmyl} yka}|+ A} a| cki cj }`i bi|} ecmif| jcr }`i

Ecfmczhk trcmylir|& h| a} lhk cjjir `ag`ir trcja}hbfiki|| tir eaky}i hkm h fckg}ire lcffhbcrh}ack+

8+ Hzirhgi aetcr} trali| waff bi |ifil}im trcmyl}| wa}` h|likmakg hzirhgi aetcr}trali|

2+ Trcmyl}| jcr w`al` }`i kck%IY lcyk}rai| `hzi hk aetcr}hk} aetcr} |`hri

@ikli aetcr} |}h}a|}al| hkhfq|a| rizihf| }`i jcffcwakg trcmyl} grcyt| }`h} eag`} biiptcr}im bq }`i Ecfmczhk trcmylir| ck }`i Rcehkahk ehroi} >

Kag`} lfc}`i| (jcr ip+ thnheh|! ]%|`ar}| ]ip}afi }rcy|ir| ]ip}afi lc|}yei| ]ip}afi |tcr}|wihr \`ar}|

]ip}afi nhloi}|& i}l+

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]`a| trcnil} a| jakhklim bq}`i Iyrctihk Ykack

\yttcr} }c Iptcr} Trcec}ack hkmAkzi|}eik} H}}rhl}ack ak }`i

Ritybfal cj Ecfmczh

IyrctiHam#82:084#L#\IR#EM Trcail} aetfieik}im bq h GJHLck|yf}akg Grcyt ak lck|cr}aye wa}` AMA

:+2 LCK\]RHAK]\

]`i ehak lck|}rhak} jcr }`i Ecfmczhk trcmylir| rijir| }c }`i }il`kcfcgalhffaea}h}ack }c trcmyli lcetfip trcmyl}| hkm jakhklahf lhthla}ai| ehakfq rifh}im }cJCB mifazirq crmir|+ Heckg c}`ir lck|}rhak}| lhk bi eik}ackim }`i jcffcwakg>faea}im cr kck%ipa|}ik} mi|agk lhthla}ai| cj fclhf trcmylir| hkm rimylim lcffil}ack

hkm brhkm| trcec}ack hl}ack|+

]`i ehak ehroi} rifh}im lck|}rhak} jcr }`i Ecfmczhk trcmylir| a| }`i fcw fizif cjEcfmczhk htthrif |il}cr hwhriki|| ck }`i Rcehkahk ehroi}+ Zirq jiw Rcehkahklcethkai| hri hwhri cj }`i Ecfmczhk htthrif |il}cr hkm w`ik }`iq hri |iioakg|yblck}rhl}cr| }`iq mck} izik lck|amir }`i tc||abafa}q }c |yblck}rhl} lcethkai| cr

tyrl`h|i trcmyl}| jrce Ecfmczh+ Y|yhffq }`iq hri fccoakg jcr lcethkai| jrceEhlimckah& \irbah& hkm izik Yorhaki cr H|ahk lcyk}rai|+

:+< LCKLFY\ACK\

]`i gikirhf lcklfy|ack cj }`i |}ymq a| }`h} }`i Rcehkahk ehroi} lhk bilcei hkaetcr}hk} ehroi} jcr Ecfmczhk trcmylir| ak lh|i cj L]E hkm JCB mifazirq cjtrcmyl}| h| wiff h| }`i mifazirq cj jaka}i trcmyl}|+ Lck|yet}ack }rikm| akmalh}i h

ehroi} grcw}`& w`afi }`i |`aj} cj }`i lck|yeir| eik}hfa}q }cwhrm| zhfyi jcreckiqlcklit} lhk bilcei h oiq jhl}cr jcr bcceakg iptcr}| ck }`i Rcehkahkehroi}+

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ehroi} (}rhmi jhar|& ip`aba}ack|! hkm ma||ieakh}akg |il}cr trcec}ack akjcreh}ackmaril}fq }c Rcehkahk lcethkai|& ia}`ir }`rcyg` |tilahfa|im akjcreh}ack l`hkkif| ehgh~aki|& h||clah}ack| cj trcmylir| cr hgik}| jrce }`i jaifm+

Wa}` righrm }c mifazirq cj jaka}i trcmyl}| }`iri hri |izirhf a||yi| }c bi |cfzim bq}`i Ecfmczhk lcethkai| hkm kheifq> ehroi} hlli|| (}`rcyg` aetcr}ir|& cwklcethkai| i|}hbfa|`im ak Rcehkah! hkm trcec}ack cj cwk trcmyl}|#brhkm|+

Ik}irakg }`i Rcehkahk ehroi} ak jcre cj h ehroi}akg lchfa}ack lcetra|akg|izirhf fclhf lcethkai| w`al` `hzi hfrihmq mizifctim }`iar cwk brhkm| hkm |iff

}`ie |ylli||jyffq ck }`i fclhf ehroi}& eag`} bi h |ylli||jyf ehroi} fhykl`akglcklit}+ \izirhf Rcehkahk lcethkai| hfrihmq y|im }`a| lcklit} hkm lrih}im hki}wcro cj eyf}a%brhkm |`ct| (ecri brhkm| |cfm ykmir }`i |hei rccj! hkm }`iqehkhgi }c lceti}i |ylli||jyffq+