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listen)) is aunitarysemi-presidential republiclocated inSoutheastern-CentralEurope, bordering theBlack Sea, betweenBulgariaandUkraine. It also bordersHungary,Serbia, andMoldova. It covers 238,391 square kilometres (92,043sqmi) and has atemperate-continental climate. With its 19.9 million inhabitants, it is theseventh most populousmember of theEuropean Union. Its capital and largest city,Bucharest, is thesixth largest cityin the EU.

TheRiver Danube, which is Europe's second longest river after the Volga, rises in Germany and flows southeastwards for a distance of 2,857km course through ten countries before emptying in Romania'sDanube Delta. Some of its 1,075km length bordering the country drains the whole of it. TheCarpathian Mountains(the tallest peak isMoldoveanuat 2,544 m, 8346ft) cross Romania from the north to the southwest.[10]Modern Romania emerged within the territories of the ancientRomanprovince ofDacia, and was formed in 1859 through apersonal unionof the principalities ofMoldaviaandWallachia. The new state, officially namedRomaniasince 1866, gained independence from theOttoman Empirein 1877. At the end ofWorld War I,Transylvania,BukovinaandBessarabiaunited with the sovereignKingdom of Romania. DuringWorld War II, Romania was an ally ofNazi Germanyand it participated in theThe Holocaust in Romania.[11]At the end of World War II, territories which today roughly correspond to theRepublic of Moldovawere occupied by theSoviet Union, and a few years later Romania became asocialist republicand member of theWarsaw Pact. After the1989 Revolution, Romania began a transition back towards democracy and a capitalistmarket economy.

Following rapid economic growth in the 2000s, Romania has an economy predominantly based on services, and is a producer and net exporter of machines and electric energy, featuring companies likeAutomobile DaciaandOMV Petrom. Living standards have improved, and currently, Romania is an upper-middle income country with a highHuman Development Index. It has been a member ofNATOsince 2004, and part of theEuropean Unionsince 2007. Around 90% of the population identify themselves asEastern Orthodox Christians, and are native speakers ofRomanian, aRomance language. With a richcultural history, Romania has been the home of influentialartists,musicians,inventorsandsportsmen, and features a variety oftourist attractions.