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The Roman Republic

Senātus Populusque Rōmānus "The Senate and People of Rome"

The 7 Kings of Rome Romulus (founds Rome ~753

BCE)

The Last King of Rome

Third Etruscan King of Rome

A tyrant! Expelled by Roman aristocrats in 509 BCE after the “Rape of Lucretia”

Tarquinius Superbus (535 – 509 BCE)

The Rape of Lucretia

& the Banishment of Kings

An Etruscan Prince, son of King Tarquinius Superbus, raped a Roman nobleman’s virtuous wife, Lucretia, causing her to commit suicide in despair

A Roman Republic is Born

Republic: a government in which supreme power resides in a body of citizens entitled to vote and is exercised by elected officers and representatives responsible to them and governing according to law

versus

Monarchy: a government having a hereditary chief of state with life tenure and powers varying from nominal to absolute*

*Roman Kings exercised absolute power over life and death, property, and religion

“The Twelve Tables” (early Constitution/written code of

law)1. How is written law a

benefit to society?

2. Scan the “12 Tables” & choose a “table”/lawa. Interpret meaningb. Explain significance c. Make a value

judgment

2 Consuls: Replace King as executives

1 year term limit

Limited & shared powers

Executive power over military and government

Prosecuted wars

Able to serve as dictator in emergency if elected so by Senate

The Senate: Controlled Laws & State

Budget

Curiate, Centuriate, & Tribal Assemblies

Comprised of both Plebeians and Patricians

Elected magistrates/officials and Tribunes

Voted on war declarations

Acted as juries/courts for high crimes trials

Social Division in RomePatricians: A small yet very wealthy and powerful

minority of the Roman population, they dominated the Consul and Senate.

--Depended on the plebeians’ labor and commerce.

Plebeians: The large majority of Roman people, they comprised the “backbone” of society as workers and soldiers.

-- Often subject to economic hardship & debt slavery

“Conflict of the Orders” (494 to 297 BCE)

Patricians Elite, wealthy families

Controlled the government, economy, and land

Plebeians were largely poor and land-hungry

had little political power in government

Plebeians were subject to debt and enslavement

“Conflict of the Orders” (494 to 297 BCE)

Plebeian soldiers and workers withdraw from Rome, gather on “Sacred Mount” and form their own temporary government in 494 BCE (Plebeians continue to struggle for equality for 200 years)

Patricians compromise in 494 BCE and begin to erase debts, free debt prisoners, and empower Plebeians with more rights and powerful “Tribunes” (officials to defend Plebeians from unjust laws by veto)

Roman Government

“Checks & Balances”

http://www.faculty.umb.edu/gary_zabel/Courses/Morals%20and%20Law/World%20of%20Hobbes.htm