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2011/SOM3/EPWG/SDMOF/017 Session 5

Roles of NGOs Before, During and After Disasters

Submitted by: National Science and Technology Center for Disaster Reduction (NCDR)

5th Senior Disaster Management Officials Forum

San Francisco, United States21-23 September 2011

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WeiWei--Sen LiSen LiChinese TaipeiChinese Taipei

2011/092011/09

Roles of Roles of NGOs BNGOs Before, During and efore, During and After After Disasters Disasters

NNational Science & Technology ational Science & Technology CCenter for enter for DDisaster isaster RReductioneduction

Development of NGOs in Disaster in Development of NGOs in Disaster in Chinese TaipeiChinese Taipei

• Initiation:– 1999, Chi-Chi Earthquake.

– First large-scale and activ e inv olv ement by NGOs

• Chance to review– 2009, Typhoon Morakot

– 1999, Chi-Chi Earthquake

• NGOs’ participation– reduce gov ernmental loading and

speed up recov ery

– but also something needs to be improv ed.

– Especially, what we learned from2

1999, Chi-Chi Earthquake

2009, Ty phoon Morakot

10 10 yearsyears

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Types of NGOs and the major work Types of NGOs and the major work contributed by private sectorscontributed by private sectors

• Principal Types of NGOs in Chinese Taipei1. Well-organized groups: religious or charity organization (Tzu

Chi Foundation, World Vision, professional community ( v oluntary fire fighters, v oluntary search & Rescue teams)

2. Small groups organized by Indiv idual (Volunteer) : the general public, people with professional expertise (civil engineering, structural engineering, ecology and etc.)

3. Business sectors: Small and medium enterprise or international enterprises

4. Organizations initiated by the affected people

• Scope of work before, during and after disasters1. Plan for disaster reduction and emergency response

2. Direct assistance: rescue, clean, sanitation and recovery

3. Indirect assistance: donation of money or materials

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During During & &

afterafter

BeforeBefore

DISASTERDISASTERRESILIENTRESILIENT

COMMUNITYCOMMUNITY

mobilizationmobilization

RESOURCEPLATFORM

tec

hn

olo

gy

locallocalNPONPO

NCDRNCDR

facilitation

loc

al n

etw

ork

s

collaboration

Inte

r-ag

en

cy

ne

two

rks

regional regional NPONPO

collaboration

localprivate sectors

regionalprivate sectors

coordination coordination

local public sectors

community leaders

PublicPublic--Private Partnership in Private Partnership in CommunityCommunity

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3

Morakot  striked

initiationinitiation

Aug. 2009 D ec. 2009 F eb. 2010M ay 2010 J un 2010‧ J u ly 2010 Aug. 2010final

campaign

preparedness

resources

organization

& plan

risk risk

assessmentassessment

datadata

collectioncollection

Implementation in Implementation in KuKu--NgaNga--DaDa--VaneVane

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Aboriginal Tribe

KuKu--NgaNga--DaDa--VaneVane

NCDR

CCRAGCS

♦ Cooperativ e working team

♦ Various resources ♦ Innov ativ e operation

• Technology

• Emergency management

• Disaster relief

• Community empowerment

• Local networks

Dialogues, Assessment, Training and Dialogues, Assessment, Training and ScenarioScenario--based drillbased drill

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Assessment

Training Scenario-based drill

Dialogues

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Action on Disaster

Reduction

Training for Volunteers

Setting up Food Banks

1. Annual projects on disaster risk reduction2. Annual promotion on education of disaster

risk reduction3. Plan for dispatching and operating heavy

machineries during emergency

1. Plan for training and dispatching volunteers2. Linkage and collaboration among volunteers3. Simulated operation for emergency

1. Planning and operation of Regional Food Bank

2. Planning and operation of Local Food Bank3. Collection, management and application of

emergency relief materials

Preparedness Preparedness by Chinese Christian by Chinese Christian Relief Relief AssociationAssociation

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Emergency ResponseEmergency Response

• Emergency Relief：– Search and rescue teams

– Experts, human resource and machinery

– Donation and delivery of emergency materials

– Distribution of condolence allowance

– Mental Intervention

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http://www.boston.com/bigpicture/2009/08/typhoon_morakot.html

♦ Issues raised – private sectors

Observations from MorakotObservations from Morakot

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Observations from MorakotObservations from Morakot

• Competition and poor coordination among priv ate sectors

• Weak connection between gov ernment organizations and NGO community

• ov erlap of disaster relief resources in the aftermath of Morakotand sometimes focus on certain communities

• Limit access to hazard specific knowledge and real-time information

• Most resources were targeted in a short period of time following disaster

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♦ Issues raised – private sectors

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• What should be prepared for disaster?

-Goods -Equipment

-Funds -Personnel

• Disaster relief/recovery resources may lead to an adverse effect on the impacted community.

-Depend on aid and assistance from outsiders

-lack of community capacity building

site specif ic / impacts to local business

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Challenges posed by Challenges posed by MorakotMorakot

Still being v ulnerable to hazards and not disaster-resilient

♦ Issues raised – private sectors

1111

Initial RecoveryInitial Recovery

• Temporary relocation– Organizing and coordinating NGOs to jointly provide

service

– Setting up centers in the affected areas

– Constructing temporary housing for family-unit shelters and schools

– Participating in rehabilitation of livelihood

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7

LongLong--term Recoveryterm Recovery

• Recovery :– Collaboration between NGOs, business sectors and

government for school, house and community reconstruction

– Organizing centers for livelihood rehabilitation

– Monitoring the allocation of charity donation in recovery, reconstruction and rehabilitation

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Importance and complexity of recovery Importance and complexity of recovery

• Importance: – Listening with patience

– Accompanying with understanding

– Rebuilding for disaster resilience

• Complexity related to:– Physical and unphysical domains: what’s real needs?

– Public and non-gov ernmental or enterprise dimensions: difference in approaches

– Cultural div ersity: assistance with respects

• Recovery of community, which is impacted directly by disaster, is necessary and important.

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8

Active participation by NGOsActive participation by NGOs

• Six Charity NGOs provide support to rebuild permanent houses.

• Eight enterprises contribute to rebuilding schools.

• Eighteen NOGs participate in livelihood rehabilitation

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Example: who to have the Example: who to have the betteridealbetteridealdesigns for the affected indigenous tribesdesigns for the affected indigenous tribes

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Shelter

Temporary Residency

Permanent Residency

• The suitable construction could be ready in short period of time

• Meet demands

Strategy to rebuild the damaged backStrategy to rebuild the damaged backpropose by the World Vision after Morakotpropose by the World Vision after Morakot

• The suitable construction could be not ready in short period of time

• The suitable construction is ready.

• Meet demand

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Not just rebuild the hardwareNot just rebuild the hardware

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The beautiful community of permanent houses at dawn Daily necessities insideDaily necessities inside

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Bring indigenous spirit back Bring indigenous spirit back

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Bring indigenous spirit back Bring indigenous spirit back

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Revive livelihoodsRevive livelihoods

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Rebuild ruined schoolRebuild ruined school

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Severe damage Under construction

Computer simulation

Time to thinkTime to think

• After Morakot till 2011, it takes two years to complete 90% rebuilding of required households – compared with experience of 1999 Chi-Chi Earthquake,

reconstruction at v ery fast pace

– BOT-type collaboration between gov ernment and NGOs accelerates the speed

• What might be missed?– A mature process to include and accommodate opinions from

the affected residents, who could not recov er form the shock

– A thorough communication to reach consensus on what is the real needs?

– Participation by the local communities, because it helps the affected ones to find the way to rev iv e.

– Harmonic and collaborativ e teamwork to build PPP

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Thank for Thank for your your attentionattention