role of sri lanka meteorological service in … · damage to irrigation and drainage canal system/...
TRANSCRIPT
February 2007 1
ROLE OF SRI LANKA METEOROLOGICAL SERVICE IN
DISASTER RISK REDUCTION
G.B. SamarasingheDepartment of Meteorology
Sri Lanka
February 2007 2
Department of Meteorology
One of the oldest Government DepartmentsOne of the very few 24 x 7 institutionsTotal cadre of 319 and 19 outstation officesProvider of all Meteorological information for public, aviation, maritime,…Since Tsunami of 2004, functioning as the Tsunami Early Warning Centre
February 2007 3
Flood DroughtLandslideCycloneTornadoLightningCoastal erosion Tsunami
Annual/spatially variantAnnual/spatially variantWith intense rainfall/increasing trend
Infrequent/indirect effectsFrequent during Intermonsoon, pre-Monsoons /increasing trend------------do------------With Monsoons/spatially variantRare
Hydro-meteorological Disasters in Sri Lanka
February 2007 4
YEAR NO. OFDEATHS
DAMAGEDHOUSES
NO. OFAFFECTEDFAMILIES
EXPENDITURE FORDISASTERS
1993 36 42,468 237,737 43,726,604
1994 18 52,927 357,333 40,156,807
1995 1 11,707 91,921 55,288,253
1996 13 9,343 216,208 452,002,869
1997 19 3,608 466,153 318,089,287
1998 5 7,937 38,002 106,665,779
1999 9 3,803 167,416 145,994,839
2000 15 86,845 257,682 65,398,998
2001 6 11,445 458,008 506,214,166
2002 02 5,112 20,201 28,389,474
2003 254 37,227 140,310 1,740,153,392
2004 31230+493 62400 257625
Natural Disasters in Sri Lanka–1993 to 2003
• Floods claimed ~ 62% of total allocations (Rs. 232,454,532) for disasters, in 2006
February 2007 5
More Frequent/Adverse Phenomena
Floods/Landslides
Frequently affected than droughts Almost all river-basins, flood proneBad drainage systemsUnwarranted constructions on slopesAreas with more resources/ high density of population Infrastructure, livelihoods, education and plantation, crop damage, utilities and services affected
Droughts
Dry zones are more susceptibleMostly the rural population is affected Paddy, livelihood, drinking water supply, education affected
February 2007 6
Landslides record back to ~ 1869 of rail transport disruption for 19 days, still affect many families claiming lives and property damage Floods affect many families causing property damage claiming livesCyclones infrequent and lot of destruction but almost no loss of lives since 1978 eventDrought has very high socio-economic impact but remains a major priority issue to be addressed
Adverse Phenomena…
February 2007 7
Meteorological Service Towards Disaster Risk Reduction
Actively involved throughout, in all disaster early warning, particularly weather related (seismological till 1970’s)Now a crucial factor with human activity/intervention
Excessive removal of sand from river beds/ beaches, destruction of coastal vegetation, unwarranted constructions on slopes, increased exposure to lightning (30-40 deaths per year), population growth/shanty dwellers (property damage by wind-hazards)
“Recognition of NMHS as a major component of the national infrastructure development in support of disaster risk reduction and emergency management” (WMO Congress-2003)
February 2007 8
Towards Disaster Risk Reduction- Most Recent Involvements
Heavy and Torrential Rains : 08-12 January 2007Due to Easterly wave disturbanceNCP, SE, Central regions affected /highest 24hr rainfall (324mm) on 10th at Tissaharamaya in SouthFloods, landslides/road impassibleHydro-power generation at Rantambe plant disrupted due to sedimentation19 deaths with many property damaged
Contribution by Meteorological DepartmentFirst issue and dissemination of weather warning to Public, Media, Disaster Managers etc.24/7 monitoring/updating for more severe weather: landslides/ floodsJoint advisories with landslide related National Building Research Organization (NBRO)Support in Search and Rescue operation/medical attention by SLAF: bad weather/ improvementAdvice in Relief, Evacuation from vulnerable places and Re-settlement processes: bad weather/improvement
February 2007 9
Towards Disaster Risk Reduction- Most Recent Involvements
Tsunami : 2004Unknown disaster caught unaware260,967 families (1.3 million) have been affected, 31,225 have been killed and 4,100 missing, around 108,467 houses have been damaged.Total estimated economic loss for Tsunami is around US$ 3000 millions
Contribution by Meteorological DepartmentAlthough not within purview, took over responsibility as a 24/7 serviceWarning /monitoring/updating for Relief Authorities, Public, Media, Disaster Managers etc.A subsequent seismic activity on March 2005, a Tsunami warning Issued by Met. Department, preparedness action taken, and the warning withdrawn later with updated information
This event paved way for Sri Lanka Disaster Management Act
February 2007 10
Towards Disaster Risk Reduction.. An Exceptional Climatic & Geological Hazard
Heavy, Intense Rains : 17 May 2003Ratnapura district & Southern region affected due to abnormal intensification/ movement of a Cyclone in Bay of Bengal some 900Km awayHighest rainfall 730mm (28hr) /Most intense 212mm in 2 ½ hrsHuman Life, 265 dead, 500 missingFamilies Affected 188,000Houses destroyed 24,222 ;Houses partially damaged 26,251Relief for Internally Displaced People Rs. 1,840 millionIn Ratnapura alone,185 domestic wells contaminated, 346 sanitary facilities damaged, 305 families in danger of landslidesDamages to road network/ Electricity cables and meters inundated/ Disruption to business and industry/ Damage to crops and homestead/ Damage to irrigation and drainage canal system/ Destruction of lives stock/ Disruption of education/ Damage to water supply pipe lines/ Damage to communication
February 2007 11
Towards Disaster Risk Reduction.. An Exceptional Climatic & Geological Hazard
contd…
Contribution by Meteorological DepartmentOnly a heavy rain forecast issued firstFew real-time messages due to communication break-downJoint advisories with landslide related National Building Research Organization (NBRO)
This event paved way for flood/landslide disaster risk reductionstrategy (communication, transport, relief etc.), now well established and activated in many Administrative Divisions, whennotification of impending weather hazards are issued from the Department of Meteorology
February 2007 12
Towards Disaster Risk Reduction-Similar Involvements..
Heavy Rain Spell: First week of November 2006NCP, NWP, parts of Southern region affected Some irrigation tanks spilling, and breaking of one tank-bundFloods, landslides/road impassible
Drought after heavy rains in May 2003, till about October and in 2004 in NCPDroughts and heavy rains with spatial variation in 2005/2006Heavy Rains in December 2004 subsequent to Tsunami
Some parts of Eastern and Southern provinces flooded, adding more grievances. About 133000 families affected with 5 deaths due to floods and 7 due to landslides. 395.0 mm of rainfall on 31st December at Akkaraipattu in the East
February 2007 13
Stakeholders in Disaster Risk Reduction & Management
Disaster Early Warning by the Department of MeteorologyNational Disaster Management Centre (NDMC) under Social Services Ministry serving as the key Organization in disaster related issues, up to the period of 2004 TsunamiIn May 2005, the Government of Sri Lanka passed the Sri Lanka Disaster Management Act No 13 of 2005 in the Parliament and the National Council for Disaster Management (NCDM) was established, as per the Act
February 2007 14
DMC
Social Services
Home Affairs
Health
Defense
Power
Coast Conservation
Housing
Irrigation
Science & Technology
Rehabilitation & Reconstruction
Police
Land
Fisheries & Aquatic Resources
Education
Highways
Water Supply
Urban Development
Foreign Affaires
Finance
Environment
Ministers in charge of
Chief Ministers
Opposition MPs
National Council for Disaster Management
Chair Person: H.E. PresidentVice Chairman: Hon. Prime
MinisterOpposition Leader
Ministry of Disaster Management
Ministers in charge of
February 2007 15
National Council for Disaster National Council for Disaster Management (NCDM)Management (NCDM)
Disaster Management Centre Disaster Management Centre (DMC)(DMC)
DirectorDirector--GeneralGeneral National Consultants
Disaster Management
Technology & Long term Mitigation
-Hazard Mapping, Risk
Assessment, Data Collection, Research,
Analysis-
1 Director1 Director1 Asst. Director1 Asst. Director
Early Warning and Dissemination
-
Forecasting, Early Warning and EW
Dissemination (end- to-end)
-
1 Director3 Asst. Directors
Preparedness Planning
-
Prearation of Disaster
Preparedness Plans at National and sub
national levels-
1 Director2 Asst. Directors
Training, Education and Awareness
-
Training, Education and Public Awareness
-
1 Director3 Asst. Directors
National Emergency Operations
-
Activate operations and emergency
response at national/sub-
national levels-
1 Director3 Dep. Directors3 Asst. Director
Personnel and Administration
1 Deputy Director
Finance
1 Deputy Director
External and Internal Relations and Media
1 Deputy Director
Department of MeteorologyDepartment of Meteorology
February 2007 16
Main Activities of DMC
Directing, issuing guidelines, facilitating, coordinating, monitoring , where necessary directly Implementing or enforcing activities related to,
1.Disaster Management Technology, Long-term Mitigation & DRR2. Early Warning
Receiving forecasting and early warningForecasting of impending disastersEarly warning andDissemination
3. Emergency Operations in case of a disaster4. Preparedness Planning (National and Other levels)5.Training, Education & Public Awareness
February 2007 17
National Disaster Management Centre (NDMC)
Functions:Preparation and implementation of national disaster management planMonitor the implementation of sub disaster management plansPreparation of a national emergency operation planPlanning and implementation preparedness, mitigation, prevention, response and recovery activities on disaster managementEstablishment of data bank for accumulation and dissemination of informationEnhancement of international cooperation
February 2007 18
DIRECTOR(SLAS Class I)
Deputy Director(SLAS II/I)
Professional Development, policy, Planning, Community Awareness & Administration
Deputy Director(SLAS II/I)
Response& Recovery Programme
Deputy Director(SLScS./SLES )
Information, Research, Development & Risk
Reduction
Asst. Director
(SLAS II/II) Professional
Development,& Administration
Asst .Director(SLAS/SLPS II/II)Policy Planning, &
Community Awareness
Asst .Director(SLAS II/II,)
Asst .Director(SLSc.S/SLES)
Research, Development, & Risk Reduction
Asst .Director(SLSc.S-IT)Information
Accountant(SLAc.S)
Admin. Officer (A.O.)
Social Service Officers (SSO) - 05
Management Asst. (Graduate
Scheme) - 30
Asst. Research Officers
(Geology) -04
Data Processing Officer. 02
Financial Asst.-01
Chief cleark-01Data Entry Ope-01Management Asst. - 04
Drivers- 05Peons- 02
Shroff-01Book Keeper -01Mgt Asst.02 Peons- 01
Data Entry Ope-03Management Asst. 02Peons- 02
Data Entry Ope-01Management Asst. -02Peons- 02
SLAS: Sri Lanka Administrative Service SLPS: Sri Lanka Planning ServiceSL Sc. S: Sri Lanka Scientific Service SLES: Sri Lanka EngineeringManagement Asst: Clerks .Stenos .Typists
Proposed Organizational Structure of National Disaster Management Centre (NDMC)
February 2007 19
Draft Statement on Roles and Responsibilities of Disaster Early Warning Formulation and Dissemination
D issem ination H azard F orm ulation of M essage N ational L ocal
A dverse C lim atic C onditions, C yclones & Storm Surge, Lightning, T ornado, H igh W ind
Part 1 . T hreat/level-D O M Part 2 . Im pact-D M C, D O M ,.. Part 3 . R esponse actions- D M C
• D O M (T ech.B ul) • D M C (D EW )
D M C , D D M C , D ist. Sec, D iv. Sec, G ram a N iladhari, Local A utho, V illage level D M com m ittees
Flood Part 1 . T hreat/level-D O I Part 2 . Im pact-D M C, D O M ,.. Part 3 . R esponse actions- D M C
• D O I, D O M • D M C
Landslide Part 1 . T hreat/level-N B R O Part 2 . Im pact-D M C, N B R O , D O M ,.. Part 3 . R esponse actions- D M C
• N B RO • D M C
Epidem ic Part 1 . T hreat/level-M H Part 2 . Im pact-D M C, M H Part 3 . R esponse actions- D M C
• M H • D M C, M H
T sunam i Part 1 . T hreat/level-D O M Part 2 . Im pact-D M C, D O M ,.. Part 3 . R esponse actions- D M C
• D O M • D M C,G SM B ,
N A RA , C C D
D rought Part 1 . T hreat/level-D O M Part 2 . Im pact-D M C, D O M ,.. Part 3 . R esponse actions- D M C
• D O M • D M C, D O A ,
D O I, D A S, M A SL
D O M -D ept of M eteorology, D M C D isaster M anagem ent C entre, D O I- D ept of Irrigation, N B RO - N ational B uild ing Research O rganization, M H - M inistry of H ealth, G SM B - G eological survey 7 M ines B ureau, N A R A - N ational A quatic R esources A gency, C C D - Coast Conservation D ept, D O A -D ept of A griculture, D A S- D ept of A grarian Svc. M A SL- M ahaweli A uthority of SL
February 2007 20
Disaster Risk Reduction Strategies
Governance : Institutional and Policy FrameworkKnowledge Management: building a culture of resilient communitiesRisk identification and assessment
February 2007 21
More Effective Strategy in Disaster Risk ReductionDemarcation of responsibilities of involved organizations
Addressing cross-cutting issuesPromote pre-disaster planning and preparedness against present post disaster rehabilitation activitiesEducation and awareness
On hazards/ preparedness/ risk reduction strategiesAuthority of weather advisories (credibility & confidence)To overcome rigidity towards leaving homelands
Enhanced community participationFrom disaster managers to grass-roots level
Legal and constitutional mandate for involved organizations
February 2007 22
More Effective Strategy…. Topics of Concern & Weaknesses
Flood inundation mapsNational authority for landslide specialty, with trained geologistsLarge scale survey maps (0.5 m contours; 1:1500 scales for inundation and landslides)Regulations on Environmental Conservation eg. building construction, especially in landslide prone areas since,
Increasing Environmental Degradation, Deforestation, Unplanned Urbanization, Improper Land Use (Catchment area encroachment) Increasing trend of extreme events may lead to frequent disasters
Strengthening linkage between Meteorological Service and the Disaster Managements
Recent findings (Ohio State University and University of California) that a drop in gravity in the environs of Sri Lanka after the recent Tsunami, may trigger more landslides
February 2007 23
Thank Thank YouYou