role of integrated soil fertility management to increasing agricultural productivity
DESCRIPTION
Presentation by Abdoulaye Mando at the May 15, 2013 event "Natural Resource Management and Food Security for a Growing Population". For more information visit: http://www.wri.org/event/2013/05/natural-resource-management-and-food-security-growing-populationTRANSCRIPT
IFDC
The Role of Integrated Soil Fertility
Management in Increasing
Agricultural Productivity
A. Mando and D. Hellums
IFDC
IFDC
Agriculture in Africa: challenges
Poor soil fertility, drought
Low productivity
Fertilizer use: lowest in the world
High transport costs
Small markets
Food imports (SSA, bln $)
240 million people
live on less
than US$ 1
per day;
vast majority active
in agriculture
IFDC Where are the drylands?
Aridity index <
0.65
RF < 800, CV 25%
IFDC
And fertilizer use in the region
remains low (kg nutrients/ha)
IFDC This has resulted in nutrient mining on agricultural
lands
1995–97 2002–04
IFDC
0.00
0.50
1.00
1.50
2.00
2.50
3.00
3.50
4.00
4.501962
1965
1968
1971
1974
1977
1980
1983
1986
1989
1992
1995
1998
2001
2004
Mt/H
a
Cereal Yields (Mt/Ha)
Developed Countries
Asia Developing
Latin America & Carribean
Sub-Saharan Africa
Cereal yields (Mt/ha) in different regions
IFDC
SSA has chiefly relied on area expansion to
achieve gains in production
IFDC
Changes in Tropical Soil Fertility Management
Paradigms over the Past Five Decades
Period Approach Role of
Fertilizer
Role of Organic
Resources Lessons
1960-1997
External input Major focus Minimal - Low adoption - Soil degradation
1980 Organic input Little focus Key source of nutrients
- Low adoption - Soil degradation
1990 Combined use of fertilizer and Organic Resources
Fertilizer to top organic input
- Localized adaption
- Intensification not reached
-
2000 Integrated Soil Fertility Management (ISFM)
Major entry point
Increase fertilize use efficiency
- Goal of large-scale adoption
- Prospect of sustainable management
IFDC
Now: Integrated Soil Fertility Management
A set of soil fertility management practices that
necessarily include the use of fertilizer, organic
inputs, targeted interventions to improve soil
“hospitability” (drought, acidity) and improved
germplasm combined with the knowledge on how
to adapt these practices to local conditions, aiming
at optimizing agronomic use efficiency of the
applied nutrients and improving crop productivity.
All inputs need to be managed following sound
agronomic and economic principles.
IFDC Integrated Soil Fertility Management (ISFM)
Optimal use of:
Soil nutrients
Locally available soil amendments
Mineral fertilizers
Improve soil “hospitability”
Improve crop productivity, while
maintaining or improving soil
fertility
IFDC Participatory Learning / Training Site Specific Fertilizer Recommendation
Plots N P K
0N, +P, +K 0 + +
0P, +N, +K + 0 +
0K, +N, +P + + 0
+N, +P, +K + + +
IFDC
Environmental Benefits
Improved Agronomic efficiency
Improved Resource Use efficiency
Modify Release Mechanism - Polycoating, Reactive
layer, Absorbed technology Nano-material
Inhibitors - Urease (NBTPT -
Agrotain), Nitrification (DCD, Neem, DMPP)
Site Specific
Improved NUE
Slow Mineralization Urea formaldehydes,
Urea Polymers, Nitamin, NFusion
Lo
w H
an
gin
g F
ruit
s
Me
tho
ds &
Ma
na
ge
me
nt
New and Modified Nutrient Sources
Fertilizer-Sphere - bio-coating
- nutrient retention
Improved Internal Use Efficiency
- more grain/nutrient uptake, better
nutrient partitioning
High Nutrient Density Grain
New Application Tools
-LCC, Green Seeker
Site and Crop Specific Application
UDP: -Machinery
- Multi-nutrient
Integrated Management
- Cropping Systems - Amendments
New Plant Type for Maximum Uptake
-more rooting & uptake - reduced losses
Improved Yields
Increased Income
Improved Nutrition, Health, and Education
Organic /Biofertilizers
BNF Promoters - Soil based, Foliar
(TWINN)
P
lan
t Typ
es
Benefits
Improved Livelihood
Microbiology Rhizosphere Chemistry
Smart Fertilizers - Host specific -Climate-driven
Improved knowledge
IFDC
Selected ISFM Options
IFDC
ISFM works for maize-based systems
3.15.6
3.3
3.2
0
2000
4000
6000
Kasaï Kuleni BH140 BH540
Gra
in y
ield
(kg
ha-1
)
without fertilizer with fertilizer
SED* (variety effect)
SED** (fertilizer)
3.15.6
3.3
3.2
0
2000
4000
6000
Kasaï Kuleni BH140 BH540
Gra
in y
ield
(kg
ha-1
)
without fertilizer with fertilizer
SED* (variety effect)
SED** (fertilizer)
Maize
yield in
East DR
Congo
Local
Improved
ISFM is technically sound
IFDC
Pearl Millet Total DMY
vs.
Management
Practices, Sadore,
Niger
Source: Bationo, 1998.
ISFM is technically sound
IFDC Sorghum Grain Yield as Affected by
Mineral Fertilizers and Manure in the
Sudanian Zone of West Africa
Source: Sedogo, 1993.
IFDC
Fertilizer N application (kg ha-1)
0 20 40 60 80 100
Maiz
e g
rain
yie
ld (
t ha
-1)
0
1
2
3
4
5
infields
outfields
www.ifdc.org
Added benefits obtained on infields and
outfields, northern Togo, 2001
IFDC
Mais en association avec Acacia auriculiformis
Années
0 1 2 3
Re
nd
em
en
t d
e m
ais
(t h
a-1
)
0
1
2
3
No fert. No trees
Fert.No trees
Fert.Trees
No fert.Trees
www.ifdc.org
Effect of Acacia litter and mineral
fertilizer on maize yield, Benin
IFDC
Select Options
Test
Evaluate
Development and Dissemination of ISFM
Diagnose
IFDC
DEVELOPMENT AND
DISSEMINATION OF ISFM
Testing of soil fertility
management options
Testing organizational
arrangements to facilitate
access to input, collective
work for GRN and output
markets
Villages become learning
and ultimately knowledge
centers
Farmer to farmer training
IFDC
Farmers are describing their crops Results
Grounding ISFM Within Knowledge Centers
Through Participatory Learning
IFDC
K deficiency in
K
deficiency in
P
N deficiency
Grounding ISFM Within Knowledge Centers
Good field
Some Indicators of Maize Performance
IFDC
Grounding ISFM Within Knowledge Centers
Evaluation by the Learning Group
IFDC
www.ifdc.org
Farmer – to – Farmer Extension
Pilot village
Neighboring
village Neighboring
village
Neighboring
village
First generation innovations
Adaptations by other farmers Comments
Scaling out through farmer-to-
farmer
IFDC
Scaling out through Innovation Platform
Policy
NGOs
FBO
CBO
Industries
Input
markets
Extension Farmers
Output
markets
Research
Innovation is the outcome of networking and interactions among many
actors to make things happen
IFDC Public Evaluation of ISFM
(Knowledge sharing)
Good Farm Bad Farm – K Deficiency
IFDC
Farmers led rural workshop on ISFM – Southern Togo
400 participants
Scaling Up Through Knowledge Sharing with all
stakholders
IFDC Number of Households Reached
From 2006 to 2010
West Africa—SAADA
Source: IFDC, 2011
IFDC Changes in Yield of Four Major
Crops From 2006 to 2010
West Africa—SAADA
Source: IFDC, 2011.
IFDC Revenue Generated by Four Major
Crops Per Hectare, 2006-2010
West Africa—SAADA
Source: IFDC, 2011.
IFDC Additional Land Area Under Sustainable
Use, 2006-2010 (in hectares)
West Africa—SAADA
Source: IFDC, 2011.
IFDC Trend of Annual Additional Agricultural
Production in Cereal Equivalents (mt)
West Africa—SAADA
Source: IFDC, 2011.
IFDC Farmer Cluster Participation and
ISFM Adoption by Country and Year
Central Africa—CATALIST
Source: IFDC, 2012.
IFDC
Summary of Yield Increases by
Hectare (ha) Per Harvest
Central Africa—CATALIST
Source: IFDC, 2012.
IFDC
Strong commitment at various level for action on
Soil Health Abuja Declaration on the Uniquely African Green Revolution and on
Inputs
NEPAD and its CAADP, offers a framework for consensual policies and priorities for all stakeholders.
National and Regional Investment programs
Various conventional and non conventional donors commitment to soil health
2008 food crisis
This commitment needs to be backed with science based principles
www.ifdc.org
Concluding Remarks
IFDC
For ISFM to fulfill the promises in SSA the following are essential: Innovation systems, extensions tools and systems to be
established
Increased farmers access to inputs (fertilizer, seed, organic resources, etc.…)
Capacity building of R&D staff and institutions to address diversity, complexity and emerging global issues
Technological and processes innovations to improve nutrient use and water use
Concluding Remarks
IFDC
Thank you