role of ict and e-government in policy integration to...
TRANSCRIPT
Role of ICT and E-Government in Policy
Integration to Support SDGs
Dr. Adegboyega Ojo, Senior Research Fellow and E-Government Unit Leader
Insight Centre for Data Analytics
National University of Ireland, Galway (NUIG), Republic of Ireland,
Expert Meeting on Policy Integration in Government in Pursuit of the SDGs
28 – 29 January, United Nations Headquarters, New York
Objectives
o Explore state of practice in ICT-enabled Policy Integration
o Highlight exemplar ICT-enabled Policy Integration initiatives
o Discuss challenges in current Practices and opportunities from
emerging technologies
Expert Meeting on Policy Integration
UN HQ, New York, 28 – 29 Jan
Outline
Institute Meeting, Friday 14 November 2014
Background
ICT and Policy Integration
Exemplar Cases
Beyond State of the Art
Discussion
Background -
What is Policy Integration?
o Policy integration concerns:
“the management of cross-cutting issues in policy-making that
transcend the boundaries of established policy fields, which often do
not correspond to the institutional responsibilities of individual
departments.” [1]
o A Governance Challenge that involves amongst other things:
o building the collaboration structures,
o resolving potential conflicts,
o engagement of stakeholders and building coalitions
o support and sustain communication and dialogue in potentially
emerging inter-sectoral policy communities network
Institute Meeting, Friday 14 November 2014
Background –
Mechanisms for Policy Integration
Categories of mechanisms include (already discussed in this meeting):
o Strategic: policy statements, setting concrete objectives and priorities
o Institutional and administrative: Policy Integration units (e.g. PCD4SD in
Netherlands) , inter-service consultation by requesting opinions of other
DGs1 on a policy, or decision
o Knowledge and Assessment: stakeholder consultation, impact
assessment, dialog processes & reporting
#1, http://ec.europa.eu/about/ds_en.htm
Expert Meeting on Policy Integration
UN HQ, New York, 28 – 29 Jan
Outline
Institute Meeting, Friday 14 November 2014
Background
ICT and Policy Integration
Exemplar Cases
Beyond State of the Art
Discussion
ICT and Policy Integration –
Possible Roles for ICT Pertinent questions:
o How does ICT interface with or support Policy Integration mechanisms?
o Can ICT directly contribute to Policy Integration strategies, e.g.
Integrating Green IT and Environmental Sustainability Policies
Possible “uses” of ICT in Development [Sein et. al, 2004 - 2]:
o Commodity, by producing technology artefacts
o Supporting general development activities, e.g. data to support
planning, management and coordination of development initiatives
o Driver of the economy through general purpose use ICT to support
improvements and efficiencies across different sectors, such as
education, manufacturing, heath, public administration
o Directed use of ICT in specific sector by providing specialised
applications such as e-health, e-education initiatives
Expert Meeting on Policy Integration
UN HQ, New York, 28 – 29 Jan
ICT and Policy Integration –
Implications
Possible patterns of applications of ICT in Policy Integration:
1) Supporting planning and management of policy integration initiatives
including assessment of effectiveness (Type1)
2) Generic applications in the development and sustainability of different
policy integration mechanisms including objectives setting, institutional
frameworks, engagement of stakeholders, resolution of conflicts, etc. This
category of applications can be reused from one PI initiative to another
(Type 2)
3) Directed use of ICT in specific policy integration initiatives that is less
transferrable (Type 3)
Expert Meeting on Policy Integration
UN HQ, New York, 28 – 29 Jan
Outline
Institute Meeting, Friday 14 November 2014
Background
ICT and Policy Integration
Exemplar Cases
Beyond State of the Art
Discussion
Case 1 – ASEAN’s ICT for Policy Coordination
Type 2 Exemplar
The following set of recommendations were articulated to support policy
coordination among ASEAN bodies and the Secretariat [3]:
o Robust, efficient common conferencing and collaborative software
o E-participation initiatives to deepen engagement with ASEAN stakeholders
o Use of policy blogs and wikis as part of Knowledge Management and
information dissemination strategy
o Provide a Social networking strategy aimed at youths
o All above should be coordinated through a CIO-like structure
This would be implemented concomitantly with capacity building activities,
development interoperability and information sharing standards and common
technology infrastructure such as the ASEAN community cloud
Expert Meeting on Policy Integration
UN HQ, New York, 28 – 29 Jan
Case 2 - ICT to Support Migrant Language Education
A Type 3 Exemplar
The case is on the use of ICT to support two policy integration regimes in
Netherlands and Sweden on second language (L2) education for migrants [4]
o Case exemplifies how ICT can effectively support the integration of inclusion,
social welfare and adult education policies.
o Two different Policy integration regimes at play in the case
o Netherlands – Knowledge of Dutch is a requisite for entering the country
and applying for residence
o Sweden – Attendance of Swedish Language for Immigrant classes is
linked to social welfare benefits
o ICT enabled the development of highly personalized digital language
contents for different profiles of learners
Expert Meeting on Policy Integration
UN HQ, New York, 28 – 29 Jan, 2015
Case 3 - New Zealand’s ICT-enabled WoG Approach
Another Type 2 Exemplar
Expert Meeting on Policy Integration
UN HQ, New York, 28 – 29 Jan, 2015
Minister of State Services will work with Minister of Finance to direct
government entities to comply with WoG directives
o securing economies or efficiencies across departments
o improving services or service delivery
o developing expertise and capability across the Public Service
Examples of Initiatives:
o Open Government Information and Data programme
o Cloud program
o Telecommunication-as-a-service Program
Case 3 - New Zealand’s ICT-enabled WoG Approach
Another Type 2 Exemplar (Cont’d)
“Telecommunications-as-a Service (TaaS) is a programme of work jointly
managed by the Department of Internal Affairs (DIA) and the Ministry of Business,
Innovation and Employment (MBIE). TaaS is an initiative on behalf of the
Government Chief Information Officer (GCIO) as the Functional Leader for ICT and
was signalled in the Government ICT Strategy and Action Plan to 2017.
TaaS aims to radically change the way telecommunications services are
delivered, managed and used by government agencies. The programme will
achieve this by delivering a catalogue that is supplied and managed by a panel
of service providers. These services will transcend agency boundaries and allow
agencies to easily connect with each other and with customers” [?]
Expert Meeting on Policy Integration
UN HQ, New York, 28 – 29 Jan, 2015
Department of Internal Affairs, Ministry of Business, Innovation and Employment
Department of Conservation, Health Benefits Limited, Inland Revenue, Ministry for
Primary Industries, Ministry of Social Development, New Zealand Defence Force
New Zealand Trade and Enterprise; New Zealand Police (also representing the
Emergency Services sector)
Case 4 – ICT-enabled Assessment of PI Initiatives
Type 1 Exemplar
Context – Policy Coherence (or policy integration) for Development
Programs for respective countries.
Goal is to assess the impact of OCED policies on food security of individual
developing countries, e.g. on going efforts in Tanzania, sponsored by
Finland and Switzerland
ICT will be used for managing and analysing data collected from fields.
Expert Meeting on Policy Integration
UN HQ, New York, 28 – 29 Jan, 2015
Outline
Institute Meeting, Friday 14 November 2014
Background
ICT and Policy Integration
Exemplar Cases
Beyond State of the Art
Discussion
Beyond State of Practice in Policy Integration -
Emerging Opportunities
o Leveraging Big, Open and Linked data, Internet of Things technologies
to strengthen data capabilities of government [5]
o Open data from civil society and international organizations as
development partners in generating evidence for policy integration
effectiveness or otherwise
o ICT-based Policy modelling for design, analysis and simulation of
policy integration options, many graduate programs (policy
informatics and Computational Policy Modelling are emerging).
Communities are also growing.
o Advanced Natural Language Processing approaches to enable
automatic analysis of contents on social media and networking
platforms for spontaneous citizen-led e-participation.
o More accessible citizen deliberation platforms
Expert Meeting on Policy Integration
UN HQ, New York, 28 – 29 Jan, 2015
Outline
Institute Meeting, Friday 14 November 2014
Background
ICT and Policy Integration
Exemplar Cases
Beyond State of the Art
Discussion
Some observations
o There is a need for deeper and better understanding of the role of the
ICT in Policy Integration for SD.
o There are very few scholarly work in this area, e.g. [6] and [7]
o We also need to carefully document and analyse successful
applications of the ICT in Policy Integration initiatives for learning, [4] is
a good example in this regard
Expert Meeting on Policy Integration
UN HQ, New York, 28 – 29 Jan, 2015
Bibliography 1) Meijers, E., & Stead, D. (2004). Policy integration : what does it mean and how can it be
achieved ? A multi-disciplinary review. In 2204 Berlin Conference on Human Dimension of
Global Environmental Changes of Policies - Interlinkages and Policy Integration (pp. 1–15).
2) Sein, M. K. (2004). Conceptualizing the ICT Artifact: Toward Understanding the Role of ICT in
National development. Information Society, 20, 15–24.
3) ASEAN Studies Centre and ideacorp, ICT in Governance and Community Building in ASEA,
A study carried out as part of the PANeGOV project and funded by the International
Development Research Centre,
4) Driessen, A. M., Emmerik, J. Van, Fuhri, K., Nygren-junkin, L., Spotti, M., Ferrari, E. A., & Kluzer,
S. (2011). ICT Use in L2 Education for Adult Migrants A qualitative study in the Netherlands
and Sweden.
5) Independent Expert Advisory Group on Data Revolution. (2014). A World that Counts -
Mobilizing the Data Revolution for Sustainable Development (pp. 1 – 32). NY.
6) Kim, R. (2015). United Nations Expert group meeting on policy integration in government in
pursuit of the SDGs ( 28-29 January 2015 ) Role and institutional positioning of e-government
leadership Trends and Issues, (January), 1–22.
7) Ojo, A., Janowski, T., & Estevez, E. (2011). Whole-of-government approach to
information technology strategy management : building a sustainable collaborative
technology environment in government, 16, 1–18. doi:10.3233/IP-2011-0237
Expert Meeting on Policy Integration
UN HQ, New York, 28 – 29 Jan
Thank you for your attention … Questions?
Expert Meeting on Policy Integration
UN HQ, New York, 28 – 29 Jan, 2015
Discussion
1) Do we know other good cases of ICT-enabled Policy Integration
initiatives? Does any of these cases relate to newly emerging
technologies (e.g. Big Data, Internet of Things)?
2) What are the major barriers to employing ICT/EGOV in policy
integration initiatives?
3) What roles should ICT/EGOV authorities and leadership play and how
should they be positioned in policy integration initiatives (see [6])
Expert Meeting on Policy Integration
UN HQ, New York, 28 – 29 Jan, 2015