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Role of aqueous aerosol in the build up of large upper tropospheric moisture Anatoli Bogdan Institute of Physical Chemistry, University of Innsbruck Austria and Department of Physics, University of Helsinki Finland

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Page 1: Role of aqueous aerosol in the build up of large upper tropospheric moisture Anatoli Bogdan Institute of Physical Chemistry, University of Innsbruck Austria

Role of aqueous aerosol in the build up of large upper tropospheric moisture

Anatoli Bogdan

Institute of Physical Chemistry, University of Innsbruck Austria

andDepartment of Physics, University of Helsinki

Finland

Page 2: Role of aqueous aerosol in the build up of large upper tropospheric moisture Anatoli Bogdan Institute of Physical Chemistry, University of Innsbruck Austria

ContentsIntroduction - observational data of UT moisture - water activity criterion

Approaches for explanation of large UT moisture - cubic ice hypothesis - organic coating around sulfuric acid aerosol - glassy organic (citric acid) aerosol - mixed-phase cirrus cloud particles

Page 3: Role of aqueous aerosol in the build up of large upper tropospheric moisture Anatoli Bogdan Institute of Physical Chemistry, University of Innsbruck Austria

Observations of UT moisture

Page 4: Role of aqueous aerosol in the build up of large upper tropospheric moisture Anatoli Bogdan Institute of Physical Chemistry, University of Innsbruck Austria

The warming is large at the upper troposphere in the tropics and the lower troposphere in the northern high latitude. http://www.mri-jma.go.jp/Dep/cl/cl4/yosoku/yosoku-en.htm

Page 5: Role of aqueous aerosol in the build up of large upper tropospheric moisture Anatoli Bogdan Institute of Physical Chemistry, University of Innsbruck Austria

Water activity criterion

Page 6: Role of aqueous aerosol in the build up of large upper tropospheric moisture Anatoli Bogdan Institute of Physical Chemistry, University of Innsbruck Austria

Maximum RHi of aqueous aerosol droplets which is allowed by a water activity criterion (WAC).

Page 7: Role of aqueous aerosol in the build up of large upper tropospheric moisture Anatoli Bogdan Institute of Physical Chemistry, University of Innsbruck Austria

Equilibrium partial pressures of the components of ideal and non-ideal binary solution as a function of the mole fraction XA. When XA → 1, we have a dilute solution of B in A. In this region the Raoult’s law pA = XA p*A is applied for A. In the region where XA → 0, we have the Raoult’s law pB = XB p*B for B component.

Page 8: Role of aqueous aerosol in the build up of large upper tropospheric moisture Anatoli Bogdan Institute of Physical Chemistry, University of Innsbruck Austria

,

solw

w

pa

pWater activity may be approximated as

Page 9: Role of aqueous aerosol in the build up of large upper tropospheric moisture Anatoli Bogdan Institute of Physical Chemistry, University of Innsbruck Austria

Cubic ice hypothesis

Page 10: Role of aqueous aerosol in the build up of large upper tropospheric moisture Anatoli Bogdan Institute of Physical Chemistry, University of Innsbruck Austria

Hexagonal ice

Page 11: Role of aqueous aerosol in the build up of large upper tropospheric moisture Anatoli Bogdan Institute of Physical Chemistry, University of Innsbruck Austria

The arrangement of water molecules in hexagonal ice

Page 12: Role of aqueous aerosol in the build up of large upper tropospheric moisture Anatoli Bogdan Institute of Physical Chemistry, University of Innsbruck Austria
Page 13: Role of aqueous aerosol in the build up of large upper tropospheric moisture Anatoli Bogdan Institute of Physical Chemistry, University of Innsbruck Austria

Cubic ice

Hexagonal ice lattice

Page 14: Role of aqueous aerosol in the build up of large upper tropospheric moisture Anatoli Bogdan Institute of Physical Chemistry, University of Innsbruck Austria

Diffraction patterns from frozen emulsified droplets of 30 wt % HNO3.

Page 15: Role of aqueous aerosol in the build up of large upper tropospheric moisture Anatoli Bogdan Institute of Physical Chemistry, University of Innsbruck Austria

Ratio of vapor pressure of cubic and hexagonal ices

Page 16: Role of aqueous aerosol in the build up of large upper tropospheric moisture Anatoli Bogdan Institute of Physical Chemistry, University of Innsbruck Austria

The hypotheses of organic coating around sulfuric acid aerosol

Page 17: Role of aqueous aerosol in the build up of large upper tropospheric moisture Anatoli Bogdan Institute of Physical Chemistry, University of Innsbruck Austria

Organic coating of sulfuric acid aerosol

Page 18: Role of aqueous aerosol in the build up of large upper tropospheric moisture Anatoli Bogdan Institute of Physical Chemistry, University of Innsbruck Austria

The hypotheses of concentrated glassy citric acid aerosol

Page 19: Role of aqueous aerosol in the build up of large upper tropospheric moisture Anatoli Bogdan Institute of Physical Chemistry, University of Innsbruck Austria
Page 20: Role of aqueous aerosol in the build up of large upper tropospheric moisture Anatoli Bogdan Institute of Physical Chemistry, University of Innsbruck Austria

Calorimetric thermograms of emulsified 17 wt% H2SO4 and 17/3 wt% H2SO4/HNO3.

Page 21: Role of aqueous aerosol in the build up of large upper tropospheric moisture Anatoli Bogdan Institute of Physical Chemistry, University of Innsbruck Austria

Complete and truncated thermograms of 20wt% H2SO4.

Page 22: Role of aqueous aerosol in the build up of large upper tropospheric moisture Anatoli Bogdan Institute of Physical Chemistry, University of Innsbruck Austria

16 Cooling

Droplets are on hydrophobic surface.

50 μm

Page 23: Role of aqueous aerosol in the build up of large upper tropospheric moisture Anatoli Bogdan Institute of Physical Chemistry, University of Innsbruck Austria

17Cooling

Page 24: Role of aqueous aerosol in the build up of large upper tropospheric moisture Anatoli Bogdan Institute of Physical Chemistry, University of Innsbruck Austria

18Cooling

Page 25: Role of aqueous aerosol in the build up of large upper tropospheric moisture Anatoli Bogdan Institute of Physical Chemistry, University of Innsbruck Austria

19 Cooling

Page 26: Role of aqueous aerosol in the build up of large upper tropospheric moisture Anatoli Bogdan Institute of Physical Chemistry, University of Innsbruck Austria

20Cooling

Page 27: Role of aqueous aerosol in the build up of large upper tropospheric moisture Anatoli Bogdan Institute of Physical Chemistry, University of Innsbruck Austria

21Cooling

Page 28: Role of aqueous aerosol in the build up of large upper tropospheric moisture Anatoli Bogdan Institute of Physical Chemistry, University of Innsbruck Austria

22Cooling

Page 29: Role of aqueous aerosol in the build up of large upper tropospheric moisture Anatoli Bogdan Institute of Physical Chemistry, University of Innsbruck Austria

23Cooling

Page 30: Role of aqueous aerosol in the build up of large upper tropospheric moisture Anatoli Bogdan Institute of Physical Chemistry, University of Innsbruck Austria

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Warming

Page 31: Role of aqueous aerosol in the build up of large upper tropospheric moisture Anatoli Bogdan Institute of Physical Chemistry, University of Innsbruck Austria

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Warming

Page 32: Role of aqueous aerosol in the build up of large upper tropospheric moisture Anatoli Bogdan Institute of Physical Chemistry, University of Innsbruck Austria

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Warming

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Warming

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Warming

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Warming

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Warming

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Warming

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Warming

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Warming

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Warming

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Warming

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Warming

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Warming

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Warming

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Warming

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Warming

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Warming

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Warming

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Warming

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Warming


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