Role and deficiency/toxicity symptom of micronutrient in rice

Role and deficiency/toxicity symptom of micronutrient in rice

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 The vegetative and reproductive growth of the plant are also checked in absence of these nutrients.

Role and deficiency/toxicity symptom of micronutrient in riceRole and deficiency/toxicity symptom of micronutrient in rice

Introduction

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Micronutrients are those nutrients which are required for the growth and development of plant.

These nutrients are mostly iron, manganese, zinc, copper, boron, molybdenum and chlorine.

Out of these, chlorine deficiency and toxicity is not generally observed in plants as this micronutrient is supplied indirectly from various sources.

Though these micronutrients are required in trace/small quantity, but their absence in the plant affect the plant.

Because, these nutrients are required to complete the life cycle of the plant .

On the contrary when soil supplies more quantity of nutrient than the plant’s requirement ,plant shows toxicity symptom . both deficiency and toxicity are bad phenomenon for plant.

Role and deficiency/toxicity symptom of micronutrient in riceRole and deficiency/toxicity symptom of micronutrient in rice

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These micronutrients are generally present in organic sources of nutrients.

These organic sources like FYM, Compost, vermicompost etc may contain less quantity of these nutrients but presence of these help the plant in their growth and development.

Soils supply these nutrients to the plants. When the soil cannot supply the required quantity of nutrient to the plant, it starts showing deficiency symptom.

Introduction

Here, the role of micronutrient in plant and their deficiency /toxicity symptom in rice plant is described in brief.

Role and deficiency/toxicity symptom of micronutrient in riceRole and deficiency/toxicity symptom of micronutrient in rice

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Micronutrient Deficiency/ Toxicity in rice

Plants show various symptom of deficiency in absence of these but these symptoms sometimes intermingle with symptom of plant diseases which confuse the farmers.

Therefore it is very essential to know the symptom of deficiency and toxicity of these nutrients so that the farmers may take appropriate decision for management of the problem.

•Chlorophyll development and function.

•It plays a role in energy transfer within the plant.

•It is a constituent of certain enzymes and proteins.

•Iron functions in plant respiration, and plant metabolism. •It is involved in nitrogen fixation

Role and deficiency/toxicity symptom of micronutrient in riceRole and deficiency/toxicity symptom of micronutrient in rice

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Role of Iron

Under severe deficiency conditions total chlorosis of the younger or emerging leaves results.

Role and deficiency/toxicity symptom of micronutrient in riceRole and deficiency/toxicity symptom of micronutrient in rice

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Deficiency Symptoms of Iron

The most easily observed symptom of iron deficiency in plants is extensive chlorosis in the leaves.

Generally the younger leaves are most affected, the most mature leaves sometimes showing no chlorosis at all.

This is because of the relative immobility of iron in the plant.

First of all, interveinal chlorosis on surface of the leaf showing a fine reticulate network of green setting off chlorotic areas.

Tiny brown spots on lower leaves starting from tip and spread towards the leaf base or whole leaf coloured orange-yellow to brown. Spots combine on leaf inter-veins and leaves turn orange-brown and die

Iron toxicity in rice

Freshly uprooted rice hills often have poor root systems with many black roots

Role and deficiency/toxicity symptom of micronutrient in riceRole and deficiency/toxicity symptom of micronutrient in rice

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Toxicity Symptoms of Iron

Leaves narrow but often remain green In some varieties, leaf tips become orange-yellow and dry up

Leaves appear purple-brown if Fe toxicity is severe Stunted growth, extremely limited tillering.

Coarse, sparse, damaged root system with a dark brown to black coating on the root surface and many dead roots

It is involved in the Hill Reaction where water is split during photosynthesis.

Role and deficiency/toxicity symptom of micronutrient in riceRole and deficiency/toxicity symptom of micronutrient in rice

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Role of ManganeseImportant for normal functioning of many enzymes, nitrogen metabolism and carbon dioxide assimilation.

The assimilation of carbon dioxide in photosynthesis.

It aids in the synthesis of chlorophyll and in nitrate assimilation.

Manganese activates fat forming enzymes.

It functions in the formation of riboflavin, ascorbic acid, and carotene.

It functions in electron transport during photosynthesis.

Deficiency Symptoms

Chlorotic patches between veins are first noticed on younger leaves. Stunted plants with normal tiller numbers

Manganese deficiency in rice

Toxicity Symptoms  Stunted Plants and limited tillering .Brown spots on the veins of the leaf blade and the leaf sheath in lower leaves..

Role and deficiency/toxicity symptom of micronutrient in riceRole and deficiency/toxicity symptom of micronutrient in rice

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The presence of adequate amounts in the tissue enables the plant to withstand lower air temperatures.

Role and deficiency/toxicity symptom of micronutrient in riceRole and deficiency/toxicity symptom of micronutrient in rice

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Role of Zinc

Production of Auxins, an essential growth hormone.

It activates enzymes in protein synthesis and is involved in the regulation and consumption of sugars

It is necessary for starch formation and proper root development.

Zinc influences the rate of seed and stalk maturation.

It is necessary for the formation of chlorophyll and carbohydrates.

Appearance of rusty-brown spots and discoloration of older leaves beginning 2-3 weeks after transplanting is noticed.

Zinc deficiency symptoms in rice

Role and deficiency/toxicity symptom of micronutrient in riceRole and deficiency/toxicity symptom of micronutrient in rice

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Deficiency Symptoms of Zn

The midrib of the younger leaves, especially the base , become chlorotic

Brown patches and streakes in lower leaves appear

Under acute conditions, leaf margins of older leaves dry up.

Copper also affects the flavor, the storage ability, and the sugar content of fruits.

Role and deficiency/toxicity symptom of micronutrient in riceRole and deficiency/toxicity symptom of micronutrient in rice

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Role of Copper

It functions as a catalyst in photosynthesis and respiration.

It is a constituent of several enzyme systems involved in building and converting amino acids to proteins.

Copper is important in carbohydrate and protein metabolism.

It is important to the formation of lignin in plant cell walls which contributes to the structural strength of the cells, and the plant.

New leaves fail to unroll and maintain a need like appearance of the entire leaf.

Copper deficiency symptoms in rice

Role and deficiency/toxicity symptom of micronutrient in riceRole and deficiency/toxicity symptom of micronutrient in rice

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Deficiency Symptoms

Bluish- green leaves , which become chlorotic near the tips.

Development of chlorosis downward along both sides of the midrib,followed by dark brown necrosis of the tips..

It plays an important role in the proper

function of cell membranes and the

transport of K to guard cells for the proper

control of internal water balance.

Role and deficiency/toxicity symptom of micronutrient in riceRole and deficiency/toxicity symptom of micronutrient in rice

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Role of Boron

Maintains a balance between sugar and starch and translocation of sugar and carbohydrates.

It is important in pollination and seed reproduction.

It is necessary for normal cell division, nitrogen

metabolism, and protein formation.

It is essential for proper cell wall formation.

It is essential to the conversion of inorganic P into organic forms in the plant.

Role and deficiency/toxicity symptom of micronutrient in riceRole and deficiency/toxicity symptom of micronutrient in rice

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Role of Molybdenum

It functions in converting nitrates (NO3 ) into amino acids within the plant.

It is essential to the symbiotic nitrogen fixing bacteria in legumes.

 Chlorosis at the tips of the older leaves , especially along the margins , followed by the appearance of large, dark brown elliptical spots in the affected parts, which ultimately turn brown and dry up.

Role and deficiency/toxicity symptom of micronutrient in riceRole and deficiency/toxicity symptom of micronutrient in rice

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Deficiency Symptoms of Boron