Rodenticidal Property of Tubli (Derris elliptica Benth) Leaves ExtractAlejandro JecinoCromwell C. MagnoVanessa D. Viojan1Researchers:

CHAPTER I

THE RESEARCH PROBLEM

2Background of the StudyNow a days people are engaged to many house and agricultural problems because of rats infestation in our society due to improper waste disposal. Rats are the common name for any large member of a family of rodents, with dull-colored, coarse fur; long tails; large ears; and a pointed snout.

3Background of the StudyMoreover, rats carry a variety of diseases such as rat bite fever and bubonic plague, fleas, and salmonella bacteria.One way to control rat infestation is by using rodenticide, Rodenticides are a broad class ofpesticidedesigned to kill small mammals such as rats and mice.4Background of the StudyOne way to help minimize the use of synthetic products, the one method is the use alternative rodenticides by using plants. One of this the tubli plant (Derris elliptica Benth).Tubli plant is a rambling climber, with branches covered with brown hairs. Leaves are pinnate and 30 to 50 cm. long. Leaflets are usually oblong, 9 to 13 cm, when matured smooth above and subgloucous and silky beneath.5Background of the StudyThis study was realized when the researchers found out that the tubli (D. elliptica) has a high toxicity level. They also learned that tubli plant has been used as a fish tranquilizer in various communities.Through this study, the researchers would like to determine the rodenticidal property of tubli (Derris elliptica) leaves extract against rats (Rattus norvegicus).

6Statement of the ProblemThe main objective of this study is to prove the rodenticidal property of Tubli (Derris elliptica) leaves on rats.Sub-problems:How effective the Tubli (D. elliptica) leaves crude extract in killing rats (R. norvegicus) at varying levels of concentration?Is there any significant difference between the rodenticidal activities of Tubli (D. elliptica) leaves crude extract against rats (R. norvegicus) to the commercially available pesticide?

7Null HypothesesThere is no significant difference in the effectiveness of Tubli (D. elliptica) leaves crude extract as pesticide in killing rats (R. norvegicus) at varying levels of concentration.There is no significant difference of Tubli (D. elliptica) leaves crude extract against rats (R. norvegicus) to the commercially available pesticide.

8Scope and LimitationThe plant sample and rats will be taken from Brgy. 93 Bagacay, Tacloban City. The researchers will use the leaves of the plants for crude extraction and different concentrations will be prepared (100%, 75%, 50%).The crude extract of tubli leaves will be mixed to rice grain and will be allowed to dry afterwards the dried rice grain with tubli extract. Finally the effectiveness of tubli leaves extract as an organic rodenticide will be tested by using it as bait.

9Definition of TermsThe terms which are used in this study have been defined for better understanding. Extract - a concentrated substance obtainRats the subject were the Tubli will be testedRodenticide a substance that will be used to kill ratsTubli the plant that will be tested for its rodenticidal activity against rats

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CHAPTER II

REVIEW OF RELATED LITERATURE AND STUDIES11Review of Related LiteratureDerris elliptica Benth was observed to have high correlation of esterases and monoxygenases enzymatic activity and mortality rate when the plant extract is applied to a diamond back larvae (Plutella xylostella). The tubli extracts significantly lowered the number of larvae in the field. (Visetson, S. & Milne, M., 2001)12The sap, combined with Antiaris toxocaria, used in Borneoas an ingredient of the Kayan dart and arrow poison or blow-dart poison for hunting. (http://philippinetambayan.com/2010/05/12/tubli/)

13Analyses showed that the natural rotenone crystallized for the first time from Derris trifoliata in Vietnam offered its purity met the international standard. These evidences indicate that rotenone can be used and it possibly replaces chemical pesticides in crop protection and aquaculture (shrimp culture) to obtain cleaner vegetable, and shrimp to meet the demand of sustainable agriculture in the future in Vietnam. (Phan Phuoc Hien et al, 2003)14CHAPTER II METHODOLOGY15Procedure

Independent variable Dependent variable16 tu Crude extractionConcentrations:100%, 75%, 25%Preparation of bait Food only (grain)

Tubli (D. elliptica) Commercial rodenticide (dorarat)

17 Rat (Rattus norvegicus)

Rodenticidal property of tubli (Derris elliptica) leaves extract against rats (Rattus norvegicus).

Statistical ToolThe researchers utilized the mean in this study in determining the effectiveness of the tubli (Derris elliptica) leaves crude extract at different levels of concentration. Two-way analysis of variance was used in this study in determining whether if (a) there is a significant difference in the experimental group of this research study which is the crude extract of tubli (Derris elliptica) leaves and if (b) there is a significant difference between the experimental group and the control group of this study.

18Rodenticidal Property of Tubli (Derris elliptica Benth) Leaves ExtractAlejandro JecinoCromwell C. MagnoVanessa D. Viojan19Researchers: