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Rococo – 18 th century • Often considered the last stage of the Baroque. • Derived from the French word, rocaille, or “rock- work.” • The ‘softer side’ of the Baroque [or a reaction against it]. A backlash to the darkness of the Baroque less formal & grandiose. • The Rococo palette, softer and paler [pastels] than the rich primary colors and dark tonalities of the Baroque style. • Begun as a French style of interior decoration begun following Louis XIV’s death. • French power and fashion centered around the court of the Regent, Philippe d’Orleáns at the Palais-Royal in Paris. • Elegant and ornately decorative, mood lighthearted and witty. • Gave way to Neo-classicism.

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Page 1: Rococo – 18 th century Often considered the last stage of the Baroque. Derived from the French word, rocaille, or “rock-work.” The ‘softer side’ of the

Rococo – 18th century

• Often considered the last stage of the Baroque.• Derived from the French word, rocaille, or “rock-work.” • The ‘softer side’ of the Baroque [or a reaction against it]. A

backlash to the darkness of the Baroque less formal & grandiose.

• The Rococo palette, softer and paler [pastels] than the rich primary colors and dark tonalities of the Baroque style.

• Begun as a French style of interior decoration begun following Louis XIV’s death.

• French power and fashion centered around the court of the Regent, Philippe d’Orleáns at the Palais-Royal in Paris.

• Elegant and ornately decorative, mood lighthearted and witty. • Gave way to Neo-classicism.

Page 2: Rococo – 18 th century Often considered the last stage of the Baroque. Derived from the French word, rocaille, or “rock-work.” The ‘softer side’ of the

1. Fantasy & Wistful Nostalgia

An emphasis on ultra beauty and nature.

Classical gods and goddesses.

“Winter” byEtienne-MauriceFalconet, 1771

Page 3: Rococo – 18 th century Often considered the last stage of the Baroque. Derived from the French word, rocaille, or “rock-work.” The ‘softer side’ of the

“The Triumph of Venus”

François Boucher, 1740

Page 4: Rococo – 18 th century Often considered the last stage of the Baroque. Derived from the French word, rocaille, or “rock-work.” The ‘softer side’ of the

2. Love, Romance, & Eroticism

[about Boucher] His canvases often seem to consist of little beyond mounds of pink flesh…

“The Toilet of Venus” by François Boucher,1751

Page 5: Rococo – 18 th century Often considered the last stage of the Baroque. Derived from the French word, rocaille, or “rock-work.” The ‘softer side’ of the

“The Stolen Kiss”Jean Honoré Fragonard, 1787-1788

Also, “The Swing”

Page 6: Rococo – 18 th century Often considered the last stage of the Baroque. Derived from the French word, rocaille, or “rock-work.” The ‘softer side’ of the

3. Domestic & Family Life

Portrays the carefree life of the upper class.

The Galante style.

Informal, decorous intimacy of peoples’ manners.

Page 7: Rococo – 18 th century Often considered the last stage of the Baroque. Derived from the French word, rocaille, or “rock-work.” The ‘softer side’ of the

The Basilica at Ottobeueren, Bavaria

Page 8: Rococo – 18 th century Often considered the last stage of the Baroque. Derived from the French word, rocaille, or “rock-work.” The ‘softer side’ of the

Neo-Classicism: mid-late 18th and 19th century

• use of ancient Greek and Roman models and motifs

• development was greatly influenced by the excavations at Pompeii and Herculaneum

• closely linked to the Enlightenment's rejection of the aristocratic frivolity of Rococo, the style of the Ancien Régime.

• More than just an antique revival a reaction against the surviving Baroque & Rococo styles.

Page 9: Rococo – 18 th century Often considered the last stage of the Baroque. Derived from the French word, rocaille, or “rock-work.” The ‘softer side’ of the

Overview of Neo-ClassicismRevolutions established republics in France and in America. [Neo-

Classicism was adapted as the official art style].

Association with the democracy of Greece and the republicanism of Rome.

Napoleon used the style for propaganda.Return to the perceived “purity” of the arts of Rome.

Model the “ideal” of the ancient Greek arts and, to a lesser, extent, 16c Renaissance classicism.

A conviction that there is a permanent, universal way things are (and should be), which obviously entails fundamental political and ethical commitments.

Page 10: Rococo – 18 th century Often considered the last stage of the Baroque. Derived from the French word, rocaille, or “rock-work.” The ‘softer side’ of the
Page 11: Rococo – 18 th century Often considered the last stage of the Baroque. Derived from the French word, rocaille, or “rock-work.” The ‘softer side’ of the

The “Federal Style” in America

Monticello, VA

U. S. Capitol

Page 12: Rococo – 18 th century Often considered the last stage of the Baroque. Derived from the French word, rocaille, or “rock-work.” The ‘softer side’ of the

“The Death of Socrates”Jacques-Louis David, 1787

The death of Socrates was a symbol of republican virtue.

Page 13: Rococo – 18 th century Often considered the last stage of the Baroque. Derived from the French word, rocaille, or “rock-work.” The ‘softer side’ of the

“The Consecration of Napoleon & Josephine”Jacques-Louis David, 1805-1807

A very different theme:The celebration of worldly splendor and power.

Page 14: Rococo – 18 th century Often considered the last stage of the Baroque. Derived from the French word, rocaille, or “rock-work.” The ‘softer side’ of the

“The Apotheosis of Homer”Jean-Auguste-Dominique Ingres, 1827

This assembly of great artists and writers of all ages gathered to honor the ancient Greek poet before a classical temple.

Page 15: Rococo – 18 th century Often considered the last stage of the Baroque. Derived from the French word, rocaille, or “rock-work.” The ‘softer side’ of the

“Romulus—Victory over Acron”Jean-Auguste-Dominique Ingres, 1812

Painted for Napoleon’s palace in Rome.

Page 16: Rococo – 18 th century Often considered the last stage of the Baroque. Derived from the French word, rocaille, or “rock-work.” The ‘softer side’ of the

Neo-Classical Sculpture

Profoundly influenced by ancient art since the Renaissance.

Neo-Classical sculptors avoided the dramatic twisting poses and colored marble surfaces characteristic of late Baroque and Rococo sculpture.

They preferred crisp contours, a noble stillness idealized in pure white marble forms.

Page 17: Rococo – 18 th century Often considered the last stage of the Baroque. Derived from the French word, rocaille, or “rock-work.” The ‘softer side’ of the
Page 18: Rococo – 18 th century Often considered the last stage of the Baroque. Derived from the French word, rocaille, or “rock-work.” The ‘softer side’ of the

Romanticism 19th century• The Artistic expression of “Liberalism”• Early support of the French Revolution.• Rise of the individual alienation.• Dehumanization of industrialization.• Harkening back to the simplicity of rural life.• Expressions of emerging force of nationalism• Began in the 1790s and peaked in the 1820s.• Mostly in Northern Europe, especially in Britain and

Germany.• A reaction against classicism.

Page 19: Rococo – 18 th century Often considered the last stage of the Baroque. Derived from the French word, rocaille, or “rock-work.” The ‘softer side’ of the

Wandering Above the Sea

of Fog

Caspar David Friedrich,

1818

AP MC Question

Page 20: Rococo – 18 th century Often considered the last stage of the Baroque. Derived from the French word, rocaille, or “rock-work.” The ‘softer side’ of the

The Dreamer Gaspar David Friedrich, 1835

Page 21: Rococo – 18 th century Often considered the last stage of the Baroque. Derived from the French word, rocaille, or “rock-work.” The ‘softer side’ of the

The Slave ShipJoseph Mallord William Turner, 1842

Page 22: Rococo – 18 th century Often considered the last stage of the Baroque. Derived from the French word, rocaille, or “rock-work.” The ‘softer side’ of the

Flatford Mill – John Constable, 1817

Page 23: Rococo – 18 th century Often considered the last stage of the Baroque. Derived from the French word, rocaille, or “rock-work.” The ‘softer side’ of the

Liberty Leading the People Eugène Delacroix, 1830

Page 24: Rococo – 18 th century Often considered the last stage of the Baroque. Derived from the French word, rocaille, or “rock-work.” The ‘softer side’ of the

Realism – Mid 19th century• The accurate and apparently objective description of

the ordinary, observable world • the truthful and accurate depiction of the models that

nature and contemporary life offer Subjects are depicted in as straightforward a manner as possible

• Ordinary people and everyday activities are worthy subjects for art

• A reaction to the idealized excesses of Romanticism and Neoclassicism.

• A guiding influence on the philosophy of the Impressionists

Page 25: Rococo – 18 th century Often considered the last stage of the Baroque. Derived from the French word, rocaille, or “rock-work.” The ‘softer side’ of the

The Gleaners, Jean-François Millet, 1857

Page 26: Rococo – 18 th century Often considered the last stage of the Baroque. Derived from the French word, rocaille, or “rock-work.” The ‘softer side’ of the

The Winnowers, Gustave Courbet,, 1853

Page 27: Rococo – 18 th century Often considered the last stage of the Baroque. Derived from the French word, rocaille, or “rock-work.” The ‘softer side’ of the

The Stonebreakers, Gustave Courbet

Page 28: Rococo – 18 th century Often considered the last stage of the Baroque. Derived from the French word, rocaille, or “rock-work.” The ‘softer side’ of the

Impressionism – mid-late 19th century • Impressionist style probably the single most successful

and identifiable "movement“ in European Art history• The movement's name was derived from Monet's early

work, Impression: Sunrise and critics who felt works were unfinished sketches or impressions

• Challenge and response to the emerging art of Photography

• The focus on subjectivity intensified • Artists became more concerned with the individual

expression.• Reality became what the individual saw. • With Impressionism the subjectivity of modem art was

born.

Page 29: Rococo – 18 th century Often considered the last stage of the Baroque. Derived from the French word, rocaille, or “rock-work.” The ‘softer side’ of the

As an extension of Realism

• Impressionists remained realists in the sense that they remained true to their sensations of the object

• Realism meant to an Impressionist that the painter ought to record the most subtle sensations of reflected light.

• Concern for realistically representing an object faded, while concern for representing the subjective grew.

Page 30: Rococo – 18 th century Often considered the last stage of the Baroque. Derived from the French word, rocaille, or “rock-work.” The ‘softer side’ of the

As a reaction / rejection• Critics and the public agreed the Impressionists

couldn’t draw and their colors were considered vulgar. Their compositions were strange. Their short, slapdash brushstrokes made their paintings practically illegible. Why didn’t these artists take the time to finish their canvases, viewers wondered?

• Rejected by the Salon, the annual French state-sponsored exhibition that offered the only real opportunity for artists to display and sell their work, they created an independent exhibition, mounted in what was formerly a photographer’s studio

Page 31: Rococo – 18 th century Often considered the last stage of the Baroque. Derived from the French word, rocaille, or “rock-work.” The ‘softer side’ of the

Leading figures

• Claude Monet• August Renoir• Edgar Degas• Berthe Morisot• Mary Cassatt • Gustave Caillebotte• Edouard Manet

• Paul Cézanne • Camille Pissarro • Pierre-Auguste

Renoir • Paul Gauguin • Childe Hassam • Georges Seurat

Page 32: Rococo – 18 th century Often considered the last stage of the Baroque. Derived from the French word, rocaille, or “rock-work.” The ‘softer side’ of the

Haystacks at Chailly at Sunrise, Claude Monet 1865

Page 33: Rococo – 18 th century Often considered the last stage of the Baroque. Derived from the French word, rocaille, or “rock-work.” The ‘softer side’ of the

Impression, Sunrise, Claude Monet, 1872

Page 34: Rococo – 18 th century Often considered the last stage of the Baroque. Derived from the French word, rocaille, or “rock-work.” The ‘softer side’ of the

Races at Longchamp, Edouard Manet, 1867

Page 35: Rococo – 18 th century Often considered the last stage of the Baroque. Derived from the French word, rocaille, or “rock-work.” The ‘softer side’ of the

The Railway, Edouard Manet, 1873

Page 36: Rococo – 18 th century Often considered the last stage of the Baroque. Derived from the French word, rocaille, or “rock-work.” The ‘softer side’ of the

The Floor Scrapers, Gustave Caillebotte

Page 37: Rococo – 18 th century Often considered the last stage of the Baroque. Derived from the French word, rocaille, or “rock-work.” The ‘softer side’ of the

The Dance Class, Edgar Degas, 1874

Page 38: Rococo – 18 th century Often considered the last stage of the Baroque. Derived from the French word, rocaille, or “rock-work.” The ‘softer side’ of the

The Luncheon at the Boating Party, Renoir, 1881

Page 39: Rococo – 18 th century Often considered the last stage of the Baroque. Derived from the French word, rocaille, or “rock-work.” The ‘softer side’ of the

A Sunday Afternoon on the Island of La Grande Jatte, Georges Seurat, 1884-86

Pointillism

Page 40: Rococo – 18 th century Often considered the last stage of the Baroque. Derived from the French word, rocaille, or “rock-work.” The ‘softer side’ of the

Expressionism – late 19th – early and mid 20th century

• Art which distorts reality through exaggeration for emotional effect / impact

• Later, the movement stood out against fascism and this, together with its so called 'degenerate' qualities led to the persecution of many Expressionist artists by Nazis

Page 41: Rococo – 18 th century Often considered the last stage of the Baroque. Derived from the French word, rocaille, or “rock-work.” The ‘softer side’ of the

Roots and Tree Trunk, Van Gogh, 1890

Page 42: Rococo – 18 th century Often considered the last stage of the Baroque. Derived from the French word, rocaille, or “rock-work.” The ‘softer side’ of the

The Starry Night, Van Gogh, 1889

Page 43: Rococo – 18 th century Often considered the last stage of the Baroque. Derived from the French word, rocaille, or “rock-work.” The ‘softer side’ of the

The Scream, Edvard Munch,1893

Expressionism

Using bright colors to express a particular emotion.

Page 44: Rococo – 18 th century Often considered the last stage of the Baroque. Derived from the French word, rocaille, or “rock-work.” The ‘softer side’ of the

Cubism – Early 20th century• Key concept underlying Cubism is that the

essence of an object can only be captured by showing it from multiple points of view simultaneously

• Subject matter portrayed by geometric forms without realistic detail, stressing the abstract.

• The artist should treat nature in terms of the cylinder, the sphere, and the cone.

• The subject matter is broken down, analyzed, and reassembled in abstract form.

Page 45: Rococo – 18 th century Often considered the last stage of the Baroque. Derived from the French word, rocaille, or “rock-work.” The ‘softer side’ of the

Nude Descending a

Staircase,

Marcel Duchamp, 1912

Page 46: Rococo – 18 th century Often considered the last stage of the Baroque. Derived from the French word, rocaille, or “rock-work.” The ‘softer side’ of the

Studio with Plaster Head, Picasso, 1925

Page 47: Rococo – 18 th century Often considered the last stage of the Baroque. Derived from the French word, rocaille, or “rock-work.” The ‘softer side’ of the

Violin & Candlestick,

Georges Braque, 1910

Page 48: Rococo – 18 th century Often considered the last stage of the Baroque. Derived from the French word, rocaille, or “rock-work.” The ‘softer side’ of the

• Late 1920s-1940s.• Came from the nihilistic genre of DaDa.• Influenced by Freud’s theories on

psychoanalysis and the subconscious.• Confusing & startling images like those in

dreams.

Surrealism

Page 49: Rococo – 18 th century Often considered the last stage of the Baroque. Derived from the French word, rocaille, or “rock-work.” The ‘softer side’ of the

Soft Construction with Boiled Beans (Premonition of Civil War), Salvador Dali, 1936

Page 50: Rococo – 18 th century Often considered the last stage of the Baroque. Derived from the French word, rocaille, or “rock-work.” The ‘softer side’ of the

The Persistence of Memory, Salvador Dali, 1931

Page 51: Rococo – 18 th century Often considered the last stage of the Baroque. Derived from the French word, rocaille, or “rock-work.” The ‘softer side’ of the

Geopoliticus Child Watching the Birth of a New Man, Salvador Dali, 1943

Page 52: Rococo – 18 th century Often considered the last stage of the Baroque. Derived from the French word, rocaille, or “rock-work.” The ‘softer side’ of the

Abstract Impressionism

• First American art movement to gain world-wide influence

• Put NY as center of art world

• Characterized by spontaneity, emotion, bold colors; often on large canvas

• Came out of surrealism • Major Artists-– Jackson Pollock

– ‘drip painting’ stand on canvas and paint around

– William De Kooning

Page 53: Rococo – 18 th century Often considered the last stage of the Baroque. Derived from the French word, rocaille, or “rock-work.” The ‘softer side’ of the

Pollock, ‘No. 5’

Page 54: Rococo – 18 th century Often considered the last stage of the Baroque. Derived from the French word, rocaille, or “rock-work.” The ‘softer side’ of the

Pollock, ‘Lavender Mist’

Page 55: Rococo – 18 th century Often considered the last stage of the Baroque. Derived from the French word, rocaille, or “rock-work.” The ‘softer side’ of the

De Kooning, ‘Woman V’

http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/e/e2/Kooning_woman_v.jpg
Page 56: Rococo – 18 th century Often considered the last stage of the Baroque. Derived from the French word, rocaille, or “rock-work.” The ‘softer side’ of the

Pop Art

• Subject matter based on visual clichés and the impersonal style of mass-media imagery.

• Often aimed at broad audiences • Sometimes uses ‘mechanical’ means of

reproduction • Andy Warhol and Claus Oldenburg• Last ‘modern’ art before post-modern art

Page 57: Rococo – 18 th century Often considered the last stage of the Baroque. Derived from the French word, rocaille, or “rock-work.” The ‘softer side’ of the

Warhol, ‘Campbell’s Soup Cans

http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/1/1f/Campbells_Soup_Cans_MOMA.jpg
http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/1/1f/Campbells_Soup_Cans_MOMA.jpg
Page 58: Rococo – 18 th century Often considered the last stage of the Baroque. Derived from the French word, rocaille, or “rock-work.” The ‘softer side’ of the

Warhol, ‘Turquoise Marilyn’

Page 59: Rococo – 18 th century Often considered the last stage of the Baroque. Derived from the French word, rocaille, or “rock-work.” The ‘softer side’ of the

Oldenburg


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