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Robust Connectivity Solutions for
Next-Generation Automotive Ethernet
2019 IEEE SA Ethernet & IP @ Automotive Technology Day
Bert Bergner, Eric DiBiaso (TE Connectivity)
© 2019 TE Connectivity. All Rights Reserved.
2
Enabling Technologies for
Autonomous Driving
SENSOR FUSION multiple
camera, radar, lidar and
ultrasonic sensors
NETWORK ARCHITECTURE
central computing,
zonal data aggregation
SAFETY redundant and
fault tolerant system design
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3
Evolution of Autonomy
Increasing Data Rate
No Automation AssistedPartial
Automation
Conditional
Automation
High
Automation
Full
Automation
“Drive by Data”
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Robust System Design – What does it mean?
4
Environmental
Changes
Electromagnetic
Interference
Topology
Variations
Material
Variations
Process &
Manufacturing
Tolerances
Aging
Mechanical
Stress
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Transmission Channel S-Parameter
Cable models:
• Numeric models for cable types
• Parameters based on measurements
• Parameterization for:
Cable length
Impedance tolerance
Environmental changes & aging
Channel Performance Parameters
5
Transmitted Signal Received Signal
Sensor ECU
Data Transmission
Connector models:
• Based on measurements & simulations
• Connector types & pairing variants
• Mating tolerances
• Cable termination variation
• Geometric & material tolerances
Board
Connector + + + +…Board
ConnectorInline
ConnectorCable
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Mating depth status #2Geometric
tolerances
Connector Parameter Impact – Example
6
Mated Connector Return Loss
Min. mating depth
Max. mating depth1
2
Min. mating depth
Max. mating depth
2
1
-dB
Environmental
effects
Topology
variationsMaterial
variations
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Connector Parameter Impact – Example
7
Cable compression in crimp zone
Impedance drop
Compression
Connector Performance
No cable compression
With cable compression
Mating depth status #2Geometric
tolerancesTopology
variationsMaterial
variations
Environmental
effects
© 2019 TE Connectivity. All Rights Reserved.
Cable Parameter Impact – Example
8
Lower attenuation
Less temperature sensitivity
Larger diameter
Smaller diameter
Larger attenuation
Higher temperature sensitivity
Mating depth status #2Geometric
tolerances
Topology
variationsMaterial
variations
Environmental
effects
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0
-10
-20
-30
-40
-50
Retu
rn L
oss [-d
B]
f [GHz]0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8
Channel Analysis – Example
9
0
-10
-20
-30
-40
-50
Retu
rn L
oss [-d
B]
f [GHz]0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8
Preliminary Multi-Gig Ethernet Limit (NGAUTO)
Random parameter and
topology variation0.25 m 6 m 3 m 3.75 m 2 m
Single channel result
Mating depth status #2Geometric
tolerances
Topology
variations
Environmental
effectsMaterial
variations
Preliminary Multi-Gig Ethernet Limit (NGAUTO)
© 2019 TE Connectivity. All Rights Reserved.
10
Channel Analysis – Conclusion
⚫ Robust system definition considering
component tolerances and environmental changes
⚫ Robust component design with
low tolerance sensitivity of RF parameters
⚫ Processes without degradation of RF parameters
⚫ Engineered cable harnesses
allowing economic implementation
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Data Capacity of Automotive Data Cabling
How fast can we go?
11
PHY PHY
ChannelIC IC
cable, connectors
complexity, chip size, power consumption
material effort, process effort, complexity
Effort
IC
Effort
channel
Optimum
Total
effort
⚫ Identify physical limits
⚫ Estimate maximum data rate
⚫ Consider robust system design
and automotive requirements
⚫ Propose possible system solutions
for data rates up to 25 Gbps
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Calculation of Achievable Data Rates
12
Considerations:
⚫ Baseband signaling on
0.14 mm² STP cabling
⚫ Channel transmission parameter
Return Loss, Insertion Loss
⚫ Environmental degradation
⚫ Electromagnetic emission limits
⚫ Electromagnetic immunity
⚫ PHY dependent transmission power limits, receiver noise, etc.
Shannon-Hartley theorem:(for White Gaussian Noise)
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Channel Model Including EMI
13
ConnectorConnector
Connector
PHY
PHY
Tx Rx
Txupstream
PD Tx shaped
ILInsertion Loss S
N
PD Txupstream
EMI Emission Limit
EMI Disturbance(e.g. BCI Test Power)
TFIEMI Ingress
Transfer Function
PD NOther Noise
Sources
RLReturn Loss
TFEEMI Egress Transfer
FunctionTx P
ow
er
Shap
ing
Mas
k
PD Rx
Electromagnetic Interference (EMI)
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Channel Capacity – Methodology
14
Capacity
Density (
bit/s
/Hz)
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Channel Data Capacity Results
15
Original STP link
(0.14 mm², 10 m)
IL w/ temperature & aging
IL w/ temperature & aging
and increased RL
IL w/ temperature & aging,
increased RL and
reduced EMI
IL w/ temperature & aging,
increased RL, reduced
EMI and reduced length (6m)
IL w/ temperature & aging,
increased RL, reduced
EMI, reduced length (6m)
and no duplex
Sim
ple
x (
unid
irectional)
Duple
x (
bid
irectional)
Useable Frequency
Bandwidth
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16
Channel Capacity Analysis – Conclusions
⚫ Data rates > 10 Gbps possible on single shielded pair
⚫ Insertion loss is primary limiting parameter
⚫ Useable frequency bandwidth < 10 GHz
⚫ Improvements by increased return loss and shielding
→ appropriate connectors and cables
© 2019 TE Connectivity. All Rights Reserved.
17
Channel Capacity Analysis
Options for Robust 25+ Gbps Systems
⚫ Tx and Rx on separate wire pairs
→ no single pair duplex
⚫ Decreased insertion loss
→ reduced length
→ alternative media (e.g. coax)
⚫ Multiple number of Tx/Rx pairs
→ multi lane
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18
Automotive
Robustness
and Reliability
RF and
EMC Expertise
Ready for Next
Generation
Architectures
Data Connectivity forNext-GenerationMobility
High
Performance
© 2019 TE Connectivity. All Rights Reserved.
Thank Youwww.te.com/automotive
© 2019 TE Connectivity. All Rights Reserved.
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19 © 2019 TE Connectivity. All Rights Reserved.