robot training manual eng 180

ROBOT MILLENNIUM v 18.0 - TRAINING MANUAL UPDATE, November 2004

Web: www.robot-structures.com e-mail : [email protected] Techsupport : [email protected]

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Table of Contents

1. 3D FRAME (WITH THE USE OF THE ROBOT MILLENNIUM LAYOUTS) .................................5

1.1 STRUCTURE MODEL DEFINITION ......................................................................................................6 1.2 STRUCTURE ANALYSIS ......................................................................................................................10 1.3 RESULT ANALYSIS...............................................................................................................................10 1.4 STEEL DESIGN.......................................................................................................................................11 1.5 DESIGN OF STEEL CONNECTIONS....................................................................................................12 1.6 STRESS ANALYSIS ...............................................................................................................................13

2. 2D FRAME (WITHOUT THE USE OF THE ROBOT MILLENNIUM LAYOUTS).......................15

2.1 STRUCTURE MODEL DEFINITION ....................................................................................................16 2.1.1 Structure Bar Definition ....................................................................................................................17 2.1.2 Library Structure Definition ..............................................................................................................18 2.1.3 Support Definition..............................................................................................................................20 2.1.4 Load Case Definition .........................................................................................................................20 2.1.5 Definition of Loads for Generated Cases ..........................................................................................21

2.2 STRUCTURE ANALYSIS ......................................................................................................................22 2.3 RESULT ANALYSIS...............................................................................................................................23 2.4 RC BEAM DESIGN WITH TORSION CONSIDERED .........................................................................24 2.5 RC COLUMN DESIGN ...........................................................................................................................26 2.6 DESIGN OF RC MEMBERS...................................................................................................................28

3. CONCRETE SLAB ..................................................................................................................................30

3.1 STRUCTURE MODEL DEFINITION ....................................................................................................30 3.1.1 Contour Definition .............................................................................................................................30 3.1.2 Mesh Definition..................................................................................................................................31 3.1.3 Slab Properties...................................................................................................................................31 3.1.4 Opening Properties............................................................................................................................31 3.1.5 Support Definition..............................................................................................................................32 3.1.6 Load Case Definition .........................................................................................................................33 3.1.7 Definition of Loads for Generated Cases ..........................................................................................34 3.1.8 Display of Generated Load Cases .....................................................................................................35

3.2 STRUCTURE ANALYSIS / RESULTS (MAPS ON PANELS CUTS)..................................................36 3.3 CALCULATIONS OF THE REQUIRED (THEORETICAL) REINFORCEMENT AREA...................37 3.4. CALCULATIONS OF THE PROVIDED (REAL) REINFORCEMENT AREA...................................39

4. EXAMPLES OF STRUCTURE DEFINITIONS (EXTRUDE AND REVOLVE OPTIONS) ..........41

4.1 SILO .........................................................................................................................................................41 4.2 COOLER ..................................................................................................................................................46 4.3 PIPELINE .................................................................................................................................................48 4.4 AXISYMMETRICAL STRUCTURES....................................................................................................51

5. DESIGN OF A 2D FRAME .....................................................................................................................56

5.1 STRUCTURE MODEL DEFINITION ....................................................................................................57 5.2 DEFINITION OF LOAD CASES AND LOADS ....................................................................................58 5.3 DEFINITION OF SNOW/WIND LOADS...............................................................................................59 5.4 STRUCTURE ANALYSIS ......................................................................................................................60 5.5 DETAILED ANALYSIS..........................................................................................................................60 5.6 STRUCTURE DESIGN............................................................................................................................61 5.7 GLOBAL ANALYSIS .............................................................................................................................64 5.8 DESIGN OF STEEL CONNECTIONS....................................................................................................65 5.9 PRINTOUT COMPOSITION ..................................................................................................................66

6. DEFINITION OF MOVING LOADS FOR A 2D FRAME ..................................................................68

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6.1 DEFINITION OF THE STRUCTURE MODEL......................................................................................69 6.1.1 Definition of Structure Bars...............................................................................................................69 6.1.2 Definition of Library Structures (a Roof and an Overhead Traveling Crane Beam) ........................70 6.1.3 Support Definition..............................................................................................................................72 6.1.4 Definition of Structure Loads.............................................................................................................73 6.1.5 Definition of a Moving Load Applied to the Structure.......................................................................74

6.2 STRUCTURE ANALYSIS ......................................................................................................................76 6.3 PRESENTATION OF THE VEHICLE AND THE MOVING LOAD CASE.........................................77 6.4 RESULT ANALYSIS...............................................................................................................................77 6.5 INFLUENCE LINES................................................................................................................................78

7. 3D WORKSHOP WITH A MOVING CRANE .....................................................................................80

7.1 DEFINITION OF THE STRUCTURE MODEL......................................................................................81 7.2 STRUCTURE ANALYSIS ......................................................................................................................92 7.3 STRUCTURE DESIGN............................................................................................................................95 7.4 INFLUENCE LINES................................................................................................................................98

8. 3D BRIDGE WITH A MOVING LOAD..............................................................................................101

8.1 DEFINITION OF THE STRUCTURE MODEL....................................................................................103 8.1.1 Definition of Structure Geometry.....................................................................................................103 8.1.2 Load Definition ................................................................................................................................109 8.1.3 Definition of the Moving Load Applied to the Bridge Floor............................................................112

8.2 STRUCTURE ANALYSIS ....................................................................................................................115 8.2.1 Result Presentation in the Form of Maps ........................................................................................116

8.3 STRUCTURE MEMBER DESIGN .......................................................................................................117 8.3.1 Structure Design ..............................................................................................................................118

8.4 TIME HISTORY ANALYSIS................................................................................................................124

9. VOLUMETRIC STRUCTURE.............................................................................................................129

9.1 DEFINITION OF STRUCTURE MODEL ............................................................................................130 9.2 STRUCTURE ANALYSIS ....................................................................................................................143 9.3 PRESENTATION OF RESULTS IN THE FORM OF MAPS ..............................................................144

10. BAR STRUCTURE DESIGN (ELASTO-PLASTIC ANALYSIS).................................................146

10.1 DEFINITION OF THE STRUCTURE MODEL..................................................................................147 10.1.1 Code Selection ...............................................................................................................................147 10.1.2 Definition of Structural Axis ..........................................................................................................147 10.1.3 Definition of Structure Bars...........................................................................................................148 10.1.4 Definition of a Library Structure ...................................................................................................150 10.1.5 Addition of an Auxiliary Node .......................................................................................................151 10.1.6 Definition of Brackets on Bars.......................................................................................................151 10.1.7 Definition of Supports ....................................................................................................................152 10.1.8 Definition of Geometrical Imperfections .......................................................................................152 10.1.9 Definition of Load Cases ...............................................................................................................153 10.1.10 Definition of Loads for the Generated Load Cases .....................................................................153 10.1.11 Snow/Wind Load Generation.......................................................................................................154 10.1.12 Generation of Automatic Code Combinations .............................................................................154

10.2 STRUCTURE ANALYSIS AND RESULT VERIFICATION............................................................155 10.3 ELASTO-PLASTIC ANALYSIS.........................................................................................................155

10.3.1 Change of Load Case Definitions ..................................................................................................155 10.3.2 Structure Analysis ..........................................................................................................................156 10.3.3 Change of Bar Sections for Elasto-Plastic Analysis ......................................................................156 10.3.4 Structure Analysis and Result Verification ....................................................................................157

11. DESIGN OF A BAR STRUCTURE WITH ADDED MASSES .....................................................158

11.1 DEFINITION OF THE STRUCTURE MODEL..................................................................................159 11.2 CALCULATIONS AND RESULT ANALYSIS .................................................................................166

12. DEFINITION OF A PUSHOVER ANALYSIS CASE ....................................................................169




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12.1 STRUCTURE MODEL DEFINITION ................................................................................................170 12.2 DEFINITION OF THE PUSHOVER ANALYSIS CASE ...................................................................173 12.3 DEFINITION OF A NON-LINEAR HINGE.......................................................................................174 12.4 STRUCTURE ANALYSIS ..................................................................................................................177 12.5 RESULT ANALYSIS...........................................................................................................................177 12.6 RESULTS - DIAGRAMS OF PUSHOVER ANALYSIS....................................................................177 12.7 RESULTS CAPACITY CURVE......................................................................................................178

13. RC BEAM DESIGN - ACI CODE (ROBOT STAND-ALONE MODE).......................................179

13.1 CONFIGURATION (PROGRAM PREFERENCES) ..........................................................................179 13.2 BEAM DESIGN ...................................................................................................................................180

14. RC COLUMN DESIGN - ACI CODE (ROBOT STAND-ALONE MODE).................................186

14.1 CONFIGURATION (PROGRAM PREFERENCES) ..........................................................................186 14.2 COLUMN DESIGN .............................................................................................................................187

15. RC FOUNDATION DESIGN - ACI CODE (ROBOT STAND-ALONE MODE)........................193

15.1 CONFIGURATION (PROGRAM PREFERENCES) ..........................................................................193 15.2 SIMPLE FOOTING DESIGN ..............................................................................................................194

16. DEFINITION OF A 2D FRAME ......................................................................................................199

16.1 STRUCTURE DEFINITION................................................................................................................199 16.1.1 Definition of a Working Language and Codes...............................................................................199 16.1.2 Structure Axis Definition................................................................................................................201 16.1.3 Structure Axis Modification ...........................................................................................................202 16.1.4 Column and Beam Definition.........................................................................................................202 16.1.5 Truss Definition .............................................................................................................................203 16.1.6 Definition of Releases on the Ends of Diagonals...........................................................................208 16.1.7 Support Definition..........................................................................................................................208 16.1.8 Load Definition ..............................................................................................................................209 16.1.9 Structure Modification ...................................................................................................................212 16.1.10 Additional Load Definition ..........................................................................................................214 16.1.11 Load Combination Definition ......................................................................................................214

16.2 STRUCTURE ANALYSIS ..................................................................................................................215 16.3 ANALYSIS OF RESULTS IN THE GRAPHICAL FORM ................................................................216 16.4 ANALYSIS OF RESULTS IN THE TABLE FORM ..........................................................................216 16.5 DETAILED ANALYSIS OF BARS ....................................................................................................217 16.6 DIMENSION LINES............................................................................................................................219 16.7 CODE PARAMETERS FOR STEEL DESIGN...................................................................................220 16.8 STEEL MEMBER VERIFICATION AND DESIGN ..........................................................................221 16.9 GROUP DEFINITION, VERIFICATION AND OPTIMIZATION ....................................................223 16.10 STRESS ANALYSIS .........................................................................................................................225

17. DEFINITION OF AN RC SLAB.......................................................................................................226

17.1 STRUCTURE DEFINITION................................................................................................................226 17.2 DEFINITION OF SLAB LOADS ........................................................................................................232 17.3 MESHING OPTIONS ..........................................................................................................................235 17.4 DEFINITION OF BEAMS SUPPORTING THE SLAB .....................................................................237 17.5 DEFINITION OF THE BEAM SUPPORTING THE ARC-SHAPED SLAB.....................................238 17.6 DEFINITION OF CONCENTRATED FORCES.................................................................................240 17.7 DEFINITION OF LOAD COMBINATIONS ......................................................................................241 17.8 STRUCTURE ANALYSIS ..................................................................................................................242

17.8.1 Results in the Map Form................................................................................................................242 17.8.2 Results in the Table Form ..............................................................................................................243

17.9 REINFORCEMENT DEFINITION .....................................................................................................244 17.9.1 Structure Analysis ..........................................................................................................................245 17.9.2 Reinforcement Calculations...........................................................................................................245 17.9.3 Analysis of Reinforcement Results .................................................................................................246 17.9.4 Results in the Text Form ................................................................................................................247




18. 2D STRUCTURE (MIXED RC AND STEEL STRUCTURE).......................................................249

18.1 STRUCTURE GEOMETRY ................................................................................................................249 18.1.1 Section Definition...........................................................................................................................250 18.1.2 Bar Definition ................................................................................................................................251 18.1.3 Support Definition..........................................................................................................................251 18.1.4 Load Definition ..............................................................................................................................252 18.1.5 Definition of Snow/Wind Loads ....................................................................................................253 18.1.6 RC Beam Design ............................................................................................................................254 18.1.7 RC Column Design ........................................................................................................................256 18.1.8 Change of the Structure Geometry and Type.................................................................................260 18.1.9 Slab Definition ...............................................................................................................................263 18.1.10 Offset Definition...........................................................................................................................264 18.1.11 Front Wall Definition...................................................................................................................266 18.1.12 Definition of Supports on Wall Edges..........................................................................................268 18.1.13 Definition of Additional Loads to Be Applied to the Slab............................................................268 18.1.14 Definition of Combinations..........................................................................................................269 18.1.15 Definition of Meshing Options.....................................................................................................270

18.2 STRUCTURE ANALYSIS ..................................................................................................................270 18.3 ANALYSIS OF RESULTS ..................................................................................................................271 18.4 STRESS ANALYSIS FOR ALL STRUCTURE BARS ......................................................................273

19. 3D STEEL STRUCTURE (MODAL AND TIME HISTORY ANALYSES) ................................275

19.1 STRUCTURE GEOMETRY ................................................................................................................276 19.2 LOAD DEFINITION............................................................................................................................282 19.3 LOAD COMBINATION DEFINITION ..............................................................................................285 19.4 STRUCTURE ANALYSIS ..................................................................................................................287 19.5 ANALYSIS OF RESULTS ..................................................................................................................287 19.6 MODAL ANALYSIS ...........................................................................................................................288

19.6.1 Analysis of Vibration Eigenmodes .................................................................................................289 19.7 TIME HISTORY ANALYSIS..............................................................................................................290

20. DEFINITION OF AN RC CONTAINER.........................................................................................294

20.1 STRUCTURE DEFINITION................................................................................................................294 20.2 LOAD DEFINITION............................................................................................................................306 20.3 DEFINITION OF LOAD COMBINATIONS ......................................................................................308 20.4 RESULT ANALYSIS...........................................................................................................................309 20.5 REINFORCEMENT CALCULATIONS .............................................................................................311 20.6 MESH REFINEMENT .........................................................................................................................312

21. DEFINITION OF A STEEL CONTAINER.....................................................................................316

21.1 STRUCTURE DEFINITION................................................................................................................316 21.2 LOAD DEFINITION............................................................................................................................317 21.3 DEFINITION OF LOAD COMBINATIONS ......................................................................................321 21.4 RESULT ANALYSIS...........................................................................................................................322

22. DEFINITION OF A SOLID / THIN-WALLED SECTION ...........................................................325

22.1 SOLID SECTION.................................................................................................................................325 22.2 THIN-WALLED SECTION.................................................................................................................327




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NOTE: In the examples below the following rule has been assumed to indicate definition of the beginning and end of a structure bar: for example, (0,0,6) (8,0,6) means that a bar beginning is positioned at a node with the coordinates as follows x = 0.0, y = 0.0 and z = 6.0 and a bar end - at a node with the coordinates as follows x = 8.0, y = 0.0 and z = 6.0. The separator (set in the Windows operating system) which separates successive coordinates is in this case a comma , .

1. 3D Frame (with the Use of the Robot Millennium Layouts)

This example presents definition, analysis and design of a simple steel 3D frame illustrated in the figure below. Data units: (ft) and (kip).

Four load cases have been assigned to each of the structure frames and three of them are displayed in the drawings below.

LOAD CASE 2 LOAD CASE 3 LOAD CASE 4

The following rules apply during structure definition: any icon symbol means that the relevant icon is pressed with the left mouse button, ( x ) stands for selection of the x option in the dialog box or entering the x value, LMC and RMC - abbreviations for the Left Mouse button Click and the Right Mouse button Click.

To run structure definition start the Robot program (press the appropriate icon or select the command from the taskbar). The vignette window (described in chapter 2.1) will be displayed on the screen and

the last but one icon in the first row (Frame 3D Design) should be selected.

NOTE: The American section database (AISC) has been used in this example.




1.1 Structure Model Definition

PERFORMED OPERATION DESCRIPTION

Structure Model/Bars

Selects the BARS layout from the list of available Robot Millennium layouts.

LMC on the Bar Type field and select Column LMC on the Section field and select (W 14x211)

Selects bar properties. The section from the American section database (AISC) has been used. Note: If the W 14x211 section is not available on the list,

one should press the ( ) button located beside the Section field and add this section to the active section list in the New section dialog box

LMC on the Beginning field (background color changes to green)

Starts definition of bars in the structure (structure columns).

Enter the following points in the Beginning and End field. (0,0,0) (0,0,10) Add (20,0,0) (20,0,10) Add

Defines two columns of the frame.

LMC on the Bar Type field in the Bars dialog box and select Beam LMC on the Section field and select (W 12x190)

Starts definition of a beam and selects its properties. The section from the American section database (AISC) has been used. Note: If the W 12x190 section is not available on the list,

one should press the ( ) button located beside the Section field and add this section to the active section list in the New section dialog box


Starts definition of a beam in the structure.

Enter the following points in the Beginning and End field. (0,0,10) (20,0,10), Add

Defines a beam.

LMC on the field for selection of the Robot Millennium program layouts Structure Model/Supports

Selects the Robot Millennium layout which allows support definition.

In the Supports dialog box, LMC on the Current Selection field (cursor is blinking in the field)

Selects structure nodes for which supports will be defined.

Switch to the graphic viewer; pressing the left mouse button select with the window all lower column nodes

Selected nodes 1 and 3 will be entered to the Current Selection field.

From the Supports dialog box select the fixed support icon (the icon will be highlighted)

Selects the support type.




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Apply Selected support type will be assigned to chosen structure nodes; the defined structure is displayed on the drawing below.

LMC on the field for the selection of the Robot Millennium program layout Structure Model/Start

Selection of the initial Robot Millennium program layout. Note: If the structure is not visible in the graphic viewer,

press the

Zoom All icon.

CTRL+A Selects all bars.

Edit / Edit / Vertical Mirror Mirrors selected bars.

Graphically locate the vertical symmetry axis in the place of the right column (x = 20), LMC, Close

Performs the axial symmetry of selected bars and closes the Vertical Mirror dialog box.

LMC on the box for selection of the Robot Millennium layout

Structure Model/Loads, press

to show the whole structure

Selects the Robot Millennium program layout allowing for the structure load definition.

LMC on the New button located in the Load Types dialog box

Defines a dead load (self-weight) with a standard name DL1.

LMC on the Nature field (Wind)

Selects the type of load case wind.

LMC on the New button LMC on the New button

Defines two cases of wind load with the standard names: WIND1 and WIND2

LMC on the Nature field (Live)

Selects the type of load case live.

LMC on the New button Defines a live load with a standard name LL1.

The self-weight load was automatically applied in the first row to all structure bars (in the Z direction).

LMC on the second field in the Case column, select the 2nd load case WIND1 from the list

Defines loads for the second load case.

LMC on the field in the Load Type column, select (nodal force) as a load type

Selects the load type.




LMC on the field in the List column, select the upper node of the left column (no. 2) in a graphic way

Selects nodes to which a nodal force load will be applied.

LMC on the field in the "FX=" column and enter the value: (50.0)

Selects the direction and value of the force load.

LMC on the third field in the Case column, select the 3rd load case WIND2 from the list

Defines loads for the third load case.

LMC on the field in the Load Type column, select the (uniform) load


LMC on the field in the List column, select graphically the right edge column (no.4)

Selects bars to which the uniform load will be applied.

LMC on the field in the "PX=" column and enter the value: (-10.0)

Selects the direction and value of the uniform load.

LMC on the fourth field in the Case column, select the 4th load case LL1 from the list

Defines loads for the fourth load case.



LMC on the field in the List column, select graphically both beam spans (no. 3 and 5)


LMC on the field in the "PZ=" column and enter the value: (-2.0)

Selects the direction and value of the uniform load. Note: 2 bars can be selected simultaneously by means of

window or by indicating successive bars with CTRL button pressed.

LMC in the View viewer

CTRL + A Selects all structure bars.

While the graphic viewer with the structure model is active, select Edit / Edit / Translate

Opens the Translation dialog box.

LMC on the field (dX, dY, dZ), (0,24,0)

Defines the translation vector.

LMC on the Number of Repetitions field (1)

Defines the number of repetitions for performed translation operations.

Execute, Close Translates the column and closes the Translation dialog box (proceed to the next step to see changes).

View / Projection / 3d xyz Selects the isometric structure view (see the drawing below).

LMC on the box for selection of the Robot Millennium program layout Structure Model/Bars

Selects the Robot Millennium layout which allows definition of the bars.




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LMC on the Bar Type field and select: Beam LMC on the Section field and select (W 14x211)

Selects bar properties. The section from the American section database (AISC) has been used.


Starts definition of bars in the structure.

Enter the following points in the Beginning and End field. (40,0,10) (40,24,10), Add

Defines a beam between the 6 and 12 nodes in the structure.

Structure Model/ Sections and Materials

Selects the SECTIONS AND MATERIALS layout from the list of available Robot Millennium layouts.

in the Section dialog box Opens the New Section dialog box.

Selection of the angle family, in the Section field selection of the (L 4x4x0,25) section Add, Close

Defines a new section. The section from the American section database (AISC) has been used.

Structure Model/ Bars


LMC in the Bar Type field and select: Simple bar LMC on the Section field and select (L 4x4x0.25)

Selects bar properties.

LMC on the Beginning field (background color changes to green) (40,0,10) (40,24,0), Add (40,24,10) (40,0,0), Add

Bracing definition.

LMC on the box for selection of the Robot Millennium program layouts Structure Model / Start

Selects the initial layout of the Robot Millennium program.




LMC on the View edit viewer; Select three recently defined bars (beam and bracing) - while the CTRL key is pressed LMC on three bars

Edit / Edit / Translate Opens the Translation dialog box.

LMC on the field (dX, dY, dZ), (-20,0,0)


LMC on the Number of Repetitions (2)


Execute, Close Column translation; closes the Translation dialog box.

1.2 Structure Analysis

Starts calculations for the defined structure

LMC on the box for selection of the Robot Millennium program layouts Results/Results

The RESULTS layout of the Robot Millennium program opens. The screen is divided into three parts: a graphic viewer containing the structure model, the Diagrams dialog box and a table with reaction values.

1.3 Result Analysis

Select 4: LL1

Displays results for the fourth load case.

Select the Deformation tab from the Diagrams dialog box Turn on the Deformation option

Displays structure deformation for the selected load case.

Apply Displays structure deformation (see the drawing below). In a similar way, diagrams that exhibit other values available from the Diagrams dialog box can be viewed.

Turn off the Deformation option in the Diagrams dialog box, Apply




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LMC in the Reactions table on the field with the name of FZ

Selects the whole column FZ.

Format / Alignment / Centered and Format / Font / Bold

Edits result presentation for the Fz force.

RMC on the Reactions table Calls up the context menu.

Table Columns Selects the Table Columns option and opens the dialog box

LMC on the Supports tab, select the Support Code option, OK

(Scroll to the left to reach the Supports tab). An additional column with codes defined for the structure supports appears.

1.4 Steel Design Code: LRFD LMC on the box for the selection of the Robot Millennium program layouts Structure Design / Steel/Aluminum Design

Starts steel member design. The screen will be divided into three parts: a graphic viewer containing the structure model, the Definitions dialog box and the Calculations dialog box.

LMC on the List button in the Member Verification row from the Calculations dialog box

Opens the Member Selection dialog box.

Enter 1to10 in the field located above the Previous button, Close

Selects members for verification.

LMC on the Load Case Selection button in Calculations dialog box

Opens the Load Case Selection dialog box.

LMC on the All button, Close Selects all load cases.

LMC on the Calculations button Starts verification of selected structure members; the Member Verification dialog box shown below will be displayed on the screen.

LMC on the row containing simplified results for member No. 4

Opens the Simplified Results

LRFD dialog box for the selected member.

LMC on the Simplified Results tab Displays design results for member No. 4 (see the dialog box presented below).




Close Results - Member Verification and Results dialog boxes

1.5 Design of Steel Connections Code: Eurocode 3 LMC the field of the Robot Millennium program layout selection

Structure design / Connections

Design of steel connections in a structure starts. The monitor screen will be divided into four parts: the graphical viewer presenting the structure model, the Connection Definition dialog box, the window presenting the drawing of the defined connection and the Defined Connections dialog box.

While having the graphical field displaying structure view active (highlighted), select from the menu: View / Projection / zx

The structure will be presented as projected on the zx plane (y coordinate is assumed to equal 0).

Select the utmost left column and the left span of the beam - while pressing the CTRL button, click the left mouse button on the mentioned bars

Selection of bars for which the connection will be verified. The selected bars are pointed out with arrows in the figure below.




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LMC in the Create button in the Connection definition dialog box

A connection is defined between the selected bars. The dialog box starts to display several tabs.

Select the Welds option located in the Connection definition dialog box (the Sections tab), Apply

Selection of the type of the defined steel connection

LMC in the Connection view field presenting the drawing of the defined conneciton

The menu changes.

Analysis / Calculations Opening the Connection calculations dialog box

LMC the List field in the Load cases field

Definition of load cases considered during the connection verification

Enter here (1to4) Selection of all the load cases

LMC the Calculations button Connection verification is started

Select connection no. 1 in the Defined Connections - simplified data/results dialog box (the line will be highlighted)

LMC the Note button in the Defined connection dialog box Full, OK

A small dialog box appears on screen, and then the text editor of Robot Millennium program, containing the calculation note concerning connection verification.

Closing the text editor

1.6 Stress Analysis

LMC the field of the Robot Millennium program layout selection Results / Stress Analysis - structure

Starts structure stress analysis. The screen will be divided into three parts: graphical viewer presenting a structure model, the Stress Analysis dialog box and the Stress Analysis - structure result table.

From the top selection toolbar choose the second load case 2: WIND1

Selects the second load case.




On the Diagrams tab located in the Stress Analysis - structure dialog box select the Max option from the Mises field On the Maps - Deformation

tab

select the Deformation option Apply

Starts calculations and presents stress values on structure bars (the table displays values of the appropriate stresses).

While in the window presenting the structure view - View / Projection / 3d xyz

Selects the axonometric structure view.

Move to the Stress Analysis - structure table View / Dynamic View 3D

Sets the 3D view that allows presenting the structure together with shapes of the sections and detailed stress maps on these sections (the defined structure with the selected stresses is shown in the figure below).




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2. 2D Frame (without the Use of the Robot Millennium Layouts)

This example is used to show the definition, analysis and design of a simple 2D frame illustrated in the figure below. The frame is made of the RC frame and the truss generated by using the library of typical structures available in the Robot Millennium program.

Data units: (ft) and (kip).

Four out of five load cases applied to the structure are displayed in the drawing below.

LOAD CASE 2 LOAD CASE 3


The following rules will apply during structure definition: any icon symbol means that the relevant icon is pressed with the left mouse button, ( x ) stands for selection of the x option in the dialog box or entering the x value, LMC and RMC - abbreviations for the Left Mouse button Click and the Right Mouse button Click.

To run structure definition start the Robot Millennium program (press the appropriate icon or select the command from the taskbar). The vignette window (described in the chapter 2.1) will be displayed on the screen and the first icon (2D Frame Design) should be selected.







Starts definition of structural axes. The Structural Axis dialog box appears on the screen.

On the X tab: Position: (0) Number of repetitions: (4) Distance: (18) Numbering: (1, 2, 3 ...)

Defines vertical axis parameters.

LMC on the Insert button Vertical axes have been defined and will be presented in the Set of Created Axis field.

LMC on the Z tab Starts definition of horizontal axis parameters.

On the Z tab: Position: (0) Number of Repetitions: (3) Distance: (9) Numbering: (A, B, C ...)

Defines horizontal axis parameters.

LMC on the Insert button Horizontal axes have been defined and will be presented in the Set Of Created Axes field.

Apply, Close Creates defined structural axes and closes the Structural Axes dialog box. Structural axes will be displayed on the screen, as on the figure below.




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2.1.1 Structure Bar Definition

Opens the Sections dialog box.

Opens the New Section dialog box.

Selection of the I family, in the Section field selection of the (W 8x10) section Add

Defines a new section. The section from the American section database (AISC) has been used.

LMC in the Section Type field, selection of the RC beam option, in the Label field enter B18x24 in fields b = (18) in., h = (24) in. Add, Close

Defines an RC beam section.

Close Closes the Sections dialog box.

Opens the Bars dialog box.

LMC on the Bar Type field and select RC Column LMC on the Section field and select the type: (C18x18)




Enter the following points in the Beginning and End field. (0,0) (0,9), Add (0,9) (0,18), Add

Defines the first two bars located on structural axis number 1.

RMC on any point in the viewer with the structure view and choose Select command from the context menu

Opens context menu and switches to selection mode. The mouse cursor changes its shape to hand .

CTRL+A Selects all bars. (Remember to activate the View window first.)


LMC on the field (dX,dZ), (18,0) LMC on the fields: Numbering Increment Nodes and Numbering Increment Elements (1) (1)

Defines the translation vector and numbering increment for nodes and bars.



Execute, Close Column translation; closes the Translation dialog box.




LMC on the Bar Type field in the Bars dialog box and select RC Beam LMC on the Section field and select (B18x24)

Starts definition of beams in the structure and selects their properties.



(0,9) (18,9), Add (18,9) (36,9), Add (36,9) (54,9), Add (54,9) (72,9), Add

Defines the RC beam located on the structural axis B.

Close Closes the Bars dialog box.

View / Display Opens the Display dialog box.

Sections tab Section - shape (turn on that box), Apply

Option allows for the display of section shapes for the defined structure bars. Bars presented on the figure below will be displayed on the screen.

2.1.2 Library Structure Definition

View / Display Opens the Display dialog box

Structure tab Turn on the Node Numbers option, Apply, OK

Opens the Typical Structures dialog box and starts definition of a library structure.




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LMC (double-click) on the icon

(first icon in the last row)

Selects a triangular truss of type 1. The Merge Structure dialog box appears and truss parameters can be defined.

LMC on the Length L field on the Dimensions tab (72)

Defines the truss length (it can also be defined graphically in the graphic viewer).

LMC on the Height H field (9)

Defines the truss height (it can also be defined graphically in the graphic viewer).

LMC on the Number of Fields field (12)

Defines the number of fields into which the truss will be divided.

LMC on the Sections tab; To all truss bars (Upper and Lower Chords, Diagonals, Posts) assign (W 8x10)

Assigns the section to the truss bars.

LMC on the Insert tab

LMC on the Insertion Point field, select the node number 3 of the following coordinates (0,0,18)

Defines the truss beginning node.

Apply, OK Locates the defined structure in the appropriate place and closes the Merge Structure dialog box. The defined structure is presented on the drawing below.





Structure tab Turn off the Node Numbers option Others tab Turn off the Structural Axis option, Apply, OK


LMC on the Lines/Bars field, switch to the graphical viewer and select with the window all the truss bars

Selects the truss bars.

LMC on the W 8x10 section from the AISC database

Selects the section from the AISC database, that will be assigned to the selected bars.

LMC on Apply, Close

Assigns the W 8x10 section to all the truss bars and closes the dialog box.

Geometry / Releases Opens the Releases dialog box.

LMC on the Pinned-Fixed release type

Chooses the release type that will be assigned to a truss bar.

LMC on the Current selection field, switch to the graphic viewer and indicate the highest post of the truss (the bar between the nodes 9 and 29)

Selects the truss bar; ATTENTION: take note of the arrows that appear on the highlighted truss bar while indicating the bar the arrows should be pointed up (the direction of the release is significant: at the first node the pinned connection remains, whereas at the second one the fixed connection is defined)

Close Closes the Releases dialog box.

2.1.3 Support Definition

Opens the Supports dialog box.

LMC on the Current Selection field on the Nodal tab (the cursor should be blinking in that field)

Selects structure nodes in which supports will be defined.

Switch to the graphic viewer by pressing the left mouse button; select all lower column nodes with the window

Selected nodes: 1to13by3 will be entered to the Current Selection field.

In the Supports dialog box select the fixed support icon (the support will be highlighted)


Apply, Close Selected support type will be assigned to selected structure nodes, closes the Supports dialog box.

2.1.4 Load Case Definition




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Opens the Load Types dialog box.

LMC on the New button Defines a dead load (self-weight) with a standard name DL1.


Selects the load nature: live.


Defines two live load cases with standard names LL1 and LL2.


Selects the load case nature: wind.

LMC on the New button Defines a wind load case with a standard name WIND1.

LMC on the Nature field (Snow)

Selects the load case nature: snow.

LMC on the New button, Close Defines a snow load case with a standard name SN1 and closes the Load Types dialog box.

2.1.5 Definition of Loads for Generated Cases

Loads / Load Table Opens a table for loads acting in defined load cases.

, place the table in the lower part of the screen in such a way so that it is adjusted to its width and the defined structure model is displayed.

Decreases the table size so that the load graphic definition is possible. (You can use Windows/Align Windows after the loads window is resized.)

Dead Load (direction -Z ) automatically applied to all structure bars.

LMC on the second field in the Case column, select the 2nd load case LL1 from the list




LMC on the field in the List column, select all the concrete beams in the graphic viewer (bars 11to14)


LMC on the field in the "PZ=" column and enter the value: (-5)

Selects the direction and sign of the uniform load.

LMC on the next field in the Case column, select the 3rd load case LL2 from the list





LMC on the Load Type column, select the (trapezoidal) load


LMC on the field in the List column, select graphically in the graphic viewer the first left span of the concrete beam (bar 11)

Selects bars to which the trapezoidal load will be applied.

LMC on the field in the "PZ1=" column and enter the value: (-4) LMC on the X2 field and enter value (1.0) LMC on the field in the "PZ2=" column and enter the value: (-6)

Selects the direction and sign of the trapezoidal load

LMC on the next field in the Case column, select the 4th load case WIND1 from the list




LMC on the field in the List column, Select graphically in the graphic viewer the left edge column (bars 1 and 2)


LMC on the field in the "PX=" column and enter the value: (1.0)


LMC on the field in the Case column, select the 5th load case SN1 from the list

Defines loads for the fifth load case.

LMC on the field in the Load Type column, select (nodal forces) as a load type


LMC on the field in the List column, select graphically in the graphic viewer the nodes on the upper truss chords (without the edge nodes) (nodes 24to34)

Selects nodes to which the nodal force load will be applied.

LMC on the field in the "FZ=" column and enter the value: (-0.25)

Selects the direction and the load value.

Close the Load table





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Tools / Job Preferences Opens the Job Preferences dialog box

Units and Formats / Other Selects the option that enables defining a number of decimal places for selected quantities.

Increase of the number of decimal places for linear displacements to 4

Increases the number of decimal places for linear displacements to 4.

OK Accepts assumed parameters and closes the Job Preferences dialog box

Starts calculations for the defined structure.

LMC in the Robot program layout selection, Results / Results

The RESULTS layout of the Robot Millennium program opens. The screen will be divided into three parts (as shown in the drawing below): a graphic field containing the structure model, the Diagrams dialog box and a table with reaction values.

2.3 Result Analysis

LMC Reactions table.

Select 2: LL1

Displays the results for the second load case.

Turn on the My Moment option on the NTM tab in the Diagrams dialog box

Selects the bending moment My for presentation.




Apply Displays a diagram of the bending moment for structure bars (see the drawing below). In a similar way, diagrams that exhibit other values available from the Diagrams dialog box can be displayed.

Turn off the My Moment option in the Diagrams dialog box, Apply

Opens a table containing structure displacements.

LMC on the Global Extremes tab in the Displacements table

Displays the maximum and minimum displacements obtained in structure nodes (see the drawing below).

LMC on the Values tab

RMC on the Displacements table Calls up the context menu.

Table Columns Selects the Table Columns option and opens the dialog box.

LMC on the General tab, select the Coordinates option, OK button

Two additional columns containing node coordinates appear.

Close the Displacements table

2.4 RC Beam Design with Torsion Considered NOTE: The code calculations are performed according to British code BS 8110.




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RMC on the graphic viewer and choose the Select option from the context menu; select all RC beams from the window

Selects the beams for design.

Analysis / Design of RC Structure Elements / RC Beam Design

Runs a module that allows for concrete beam design. Data on the beam together with the static analysis results will be loaded to this module.

Simple Cases OK

Selects the Simple Cases option in the Load Selection dialog box.

LMC the Reinforcement Pattern and the Calculation Options fields and selection of the Standard options LMC on the Calculations button in the Calculation Option Set dialog box

Starts the concrete beam design and accepts the default values of the calculation options.

Analysis / Calculation Options Opens the Calculation Options dialog box.

On the General tab press the Advanced button and next, select the Torsion taken into account option, OK, OK

Opens the Advanced Options dialog box, includes a torsional moment in calculations. Closes the Advanced Options dialog box. Closes the Calculation Options dialog box.

LMC on the box for selection of the Robot Millennium program layouts Layout: RC Beams / Beam - Results

Graphic and tabulated presentation of obtained results (cross section force diagrams for various limit states and diagrams of reinforcement area along the beam s length).

RC Beams / Beam - Reinforcement

Graphic and tabulated presentation of reinforcement in the beam (see the drawing below).




Results / Drawings Displays a working drawing of the first span of the designed beam (runs the FINAL DRAWINGS layout).

Beam - Reinforcement Returns to the BEAM - REINFORCEMENT layout

Results / Calculation Note OK

Opens the Calculation Note dialog box where one can select the components of the calculation note and starts the Robot Millennium program editor for presentation of data and results for the beam.

Close the editor with the calculation note

2.5 RC Column Design NOTE: The code calculations are done according to British code BS 8110.

Structure Model / Start

Selects the START layout from the list of available layouts of the Robot Millennium program

While in the graphical viewer RMC and choose the Select option; select with the window the outermost bottom left column (bar 1)

Selects the column that will undergo design

Analysis / Design of RC Structure Elements / RC Column Design

Runs module that enables RC column design. Data on the column together with the static analysis results will be loaded to this module.

Simple cases, OK

Selects the Simple cases option in the Load Selection dialog box.

LMC the Calculations button in the Calculation Option Set dialog box

Runs RC column design and accepts the default values of the calculation options

LMC the field for selection of the Robot Millennium program layout RC Columns / Column - Results

The screen presents surfaces (curves) of the interactions N-M, My-Mz.




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Open the context menu by means of RMC in the right graphical viewer, select the Governing case option

Opens the Intersection dialog box.

From the list of available combinations located on the left side of the dialog box select the first combination from the top

Presents the column section with the following elements marked on it: neutral axis, compressive and tensile zones together with the appropriate safety factors for the selected combination.

Close Closes the Intersection dialog box




LMC the field for selection of the Robot Millennium program layout RC Columns / Column - Reinforcement

Presents the obtained reinforcement in the column graphically and in the form of a table (see the drawing below)

2.6 Design of RC Members Code BS 8110

Structure model / Start

The START layout is selected from among those provided by the Robot Millennium program

Analysis / Design of RC Structure Elements / RC Member Design / Calculations

The Calculations According to BS 8110 dialog box is opened

Introduce the list of bars 1to14 in the Calculations field (with the Design option active)

Selection of members that will undergo the design process

Introduce the list of the load cases (1to5) applied to the structure and used during its design into the Lists of cases field

Selection of all load cases

LMC the ULS option in the Design simple cases according to field

Selection of the limit state that will set the requirements to be verified during member design




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For the Calculate option for beams assume the following parameters: in (11) points

Determination of the parameters of searching for the theoretical (required) area of reinforcement for the selected members of the structure

LMC the Calculate button Calculations of the theoretical (required) area of reinforcement for the selected members of the structure and the adopted calculation parameters are started.

Close in the RC Member Calulations: Report dialog box

Display of a window containing calculation warnings and errors concerning member theoretical (required) reinforcement

Close the Calculations according to BS 8110 dialog box

Results / Reinforcement / RC Member Reinforcement

Opens the Results for required member reinforcement table in which calculation results of theoretical (required) reinforcement for selected RC member sections will be displayed

Close the Results for required member reinforcement table




3. Concrete Slab

This example will demonstrate step-by-step how the user can define and analyze a simple slab with an opening.

Data units: (m) and (kN).

A slab with an opening will be generated and analyzed. The slab will consist of concrete elements. All the steps required will be presented. Three load cases will be defined. Five structure modes will also be found.


To run structure definition start the Robot Millennium program (press the appropriate icon or select the command from the taskbar). The vignette window (described in the chapter 2.1) will be displayed on the screen and the first icon in the second row (Plate Design) should be selected.


3.1.1 Contour Definition


View / Grid / Grid Step Definition Opens the Grid Step Definition dialog box.

Dx = Dy =1.0 Defines grid step on the screen (equal in both directions)

Apply, Close Accepts the defined parameters and closes the Grid Step Definition dialog box.

Selects polyline to define a rectangle.

LMC on Polyline option in Definition Method

Selects polyline to define a slab contour.

Using mouse select the following points in the graphical window: (-7, -5) (-7, 5) (7, 5) (7, -5) (-7, -5)

Defines a rectangle contour.

(-4, 2) (-4, 0) (-1, 0) (-1, 2) (-4, 2) Defines a rectangle contour by entering four rectangle vertexes and the fifth point to make a closure. It models dimensions of an opening in the slab.

Close Closes Polyline - contour dialog box.




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3.1.2 Mesh Definition

Tools / Job Preferences / Meshing Options

Opens the window of the mesh options.

In the Meshing Type field select: User, LMC Modification button

Selects user defined meshing type.

LMC in Available Meshing Methods / Delaunay

Selects Delaunay s option.

Mesh Generation/Division 1: (7) Defines the size of the mesh size.

OK Accepts changes in the Meshing Options dialog box.

OK Accepts changes in the Job Preferences dialog box.

3.1.3 Slab Properties

Opens window where the slab thickness will be defined.

Defines a new FE thickness.

On the Homogenuous tab in the Th= field type the value (25)

Defines slab thickness.

In the Material: field select ( CONCR )

Selects CONCRETE.

Add, Close Adds this new thickness: TH25 and closes the New thickness dialog box.

Close Closes the FE Thickness dialog box.

3.1.4 Opening Properties




Selects Panels icon option to define the plate.

LMC Contour Type: Opening Defines the opening contour.

LMC in Creation with/Internal Point: LMC at (-3, 1) in the View graphical window

Creates a contour for the hole. Select a point inside the opening by clicking inside the opening defined above, for example at (-3,1) point. And the contour appears on the opening.

LMC Contour Type: Panel Defines the panel around the opening.

LMC Properties/Thickness: Select: TH25 LMC Properties / Reinforcement: Select: Direction X

Selects thickness type TH25 and reinforcement type.

LMC in Creation with / Internal Point: LMC at (0, 0) in the View graphical window

Creates a contour for the panel. Select a point inside the panel by clicking outside of the opening defined above but inside the panel rectangle, for example at (0,0) point. And the contour appears around the panel.

Close Closes panel definition.


Define 4 additional nodes: no. 5: (-6, -4) no. 6. (-6, 4) no. 7 (6, 4) no. 8 (6, -4)

Analysis / Calculation Model / Generation

Generates a finite element mesh according to the adopted parameters of mesh generation

Selects Supports icon option to define the supports for the slab.




33

Defines a new support type

Advanced on the Rigid tab Opens the Support Definition Advanced dialog box to define a support determined by means of dimensions of the column cross-section

Column Selects the support type - column

Rectangular b = 25, h = 25

Defines the column type (rectangular) and dimensions of the column cross-section.

OK Closes the Support Definition Advanced dialog box

In the Label field enter Column25x25, set all the directions (UZ, RX, RY) as fixed

Specifies name of the defined support type

Add and Close Adds the new support type (column25x25) to the list of available support types and closes the Support Definition dialog box

LMC on column25x25 Selects type of the support.

LMC on Current Selection / Point / Node LMC in the field LMC on points 5, 6, 7, 8

Selects the nodes at which supports will be defined

see the figure below

Apply, Close Defines supports in the structure and closes the Supports dialog box

3.1.6 Load Case Definition

Opens the Load Cases dialog box.

LMC on the New button Defines a dead load (self-weight) with a standard name DL1.





Selects the load nature: live.

LMC on the New button LMC on the New button, Close

Defines two live load cases with standard names LL1 and LL2 and closes Load cases dialog box.

3.1.7 Definition of Loads for Generated Cases

LMC on LL1

Selects load case Live Load 1.

Selects Load Definition.

Select the Surface Tab

Selects Uniform Planar Load on Contour.

Load Parameters, Z: (-0.5) Defines the load intensity.

LMC Contour Definition Defines a rectangle contour on which the load will be applied.

Define the following points (-7, 1.5) (-4, 1.5) (-4, 0) (-7, 0)

LMC on Add button at the very bottom of the Uniform Planar Load dialog box

LMC on the Apply To field (1)

Selects the panel.

LMC on Apply button

LMC on LL2


Select the Surface Tab

Selects Linear Load 2p.

Values: P1, P2 Z: (-0.8, -0.8)

Point Coordinates A: (1, -5) B: (1, 5)

Defines the load intensity (P1 and P2) on the two ends of the load line segment and their coordinates (A and B).




35

LMC Add

Close Closes the Load Definition dialog box

3.1.8 Display of Generated Load Cases

View / Projection / 3D xyz Selects isometric view.

View / Display / Loads tab

LMC Symbols option Selects Symbols checkbox

View / Display / Finite Elements tab Moves on to the Finite Elements tab in the Display dialog box

LMC on the options: Finite elements, Numbers and panel description

Switches off the options of structure element display

Apply, OK

LMC on LL2

Selects load case Live Load 2

LMC on LL1

Selects load case Live Load 1




3.2 Structure Analysis / Results (Maps on Panels Cuts)

Starts calculations of the defned structure

LMC in the Robot program layout selection, Results / Results - maps

Opens the RESULTS / RESULTS - MAPS layout of the Robot Millennium program.

LMC on LL1


LMC on the displacements - u, w option in the Maps dialog box

Selection of the displacement to be presented

Go to the Parameters tab in the Maps dialog box and select the middle in the Layer selection field

Selection of the layer for which the determined displacements will be presented

Apply

Go to the Detailed tab in the Maps dialog box and switch off the presentation of displacements for the plate, Apply

Structure Model / Geometry Select the initial layout of the Robot Millennium program




37

Results / Panel Cuts Opens the Panel Cuts dialog box that allows creating diagrams of internal forces and displacements in planar finite elements

LMC the Displacements - u,w option on the Detailed tab

Selects a displacement for presentation

On the Definition tab in the Panel Cuts dialog box select the Parallel to axis -Y option, enter the coordinates: (1.00, -5.00) into the field below

Selects the method of cut plane definition

Move to the Parameters tab and afterwards, select the middle option in the Layer selection field

Selects the layer for which the displacements in a given cut will be presented

On the Diagrams tab select the following options: Horizontal in the Diagram descriptions field, fence in the Filling field and normal in the Diagram position field

Selects the manner of diagram presentation on structure cuts

Apply Switches on presentation of displacements on the panel cuts (the drawing below). The drawing below presents the structure as defined so far.

Using the option rotate the plate to view the diagram (which is initially shown under the plate).

Move to the Cuts tab and turn off display of the diagram in the defined cut ( symbol will disappear)

Turns off display of the diagram on the cut through the slab.

Apply, Close Turns off display of displacements in the panel cut and closes the Panel Cuts dialog box.

3.3 Calculations of the Required (Theoretical) Reinforcement Area




Code: BS 8110 LMC the field allowing one to select Robot program layouts and select: RC Slabs / Slabs - required reinforcement

The user goes to the layout of the Robot Millennium program allowing one to determine the theoretical (required) reinforcement area for the defined slab. The screen will be divided into three parts: the graphical viewer with the structure model and two dialog boxes: Plate and shell reinforcement and Reinforcements.

LMC on the ULS field in the List of cases panel and introduce 1to3 in the Plate and Shell Reinforcement dialog box

Calculation of the theoretical (required) reinforcement area will be carried out for the Ultimate Limit State with all the load cases applied to the slab considered.

LMC the Method field and select the analytical method

Selection of the analytical method of calculating the reinforcement area

Turn on the option: Reduction of forces (at supports or above columns)

If this option is turned on, it means that for slab elements supported at point (e.g. by means of the column support), values of moments and stresses near the supported points are substituted for the average value from the vicinity of these supports/columns

LMC the Calculate button in the Plate and shell reinforcement dialog box

Calculations of the theoretical (required) reinforcement area for the defined slab (panel no. 1) are started

Once the calculations are finished, LMC the Ay (-) Bottom option in the Reinforcements dialog box

Selection of the quantities to be presented

Go to the Scale tab and select the 256 colors option in the Color palette field

Selection of the color palette to be used during the presentation of reinforcement maps

LMC the Apply button in the Reinforcements dialog box

Presentation of the reinforcement area for the selected area and the selected direction (the map of the reinforcement area is shown in the figure below)

Make the Ay (-) Bottom option inactive (the Reinforcements dialog box)

The reinforcement maps presentation is made inactive




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Opening the table presenting the results obtained from the calculations of the theoretical (required) reinforcement areas for the slab

RMC while the cursor is positioned within the Reinforcement Areas table

Displays the context menu on the screen

Table Columns Opens the Reinforcement Areas dialog box

Switch on two options in the Reinforcement areas and spacings field: e(Ax) + top e(Ax) bottom

Selects the quantities to be presented in the table

OK Closes the Reinforcement Areas dialog box

Go to the Global extremes tab in the Reinforcement Areas table

Presentation of the global extremes on the surface and the reinforcement spacings obtained for the designed slab

Close the Reinforcement Areas table

3.4. Calculations of the Provided (Real) Reinforcement Area

Code: BS 8110 LMC on the field for selection of layouts in the Robot program: Structure Model / Geometry

Selects the initial layout of the Robot Millennium program




Select by window selection the whole plate (the plate becomes highlighted)

Selects the plate for which provided (real) reinforcement will be calculated. NOTE: if a model includes more panels, then these panels

should be selected for which provided reinforcement is to be calculated.

Analysis / Design of RC Structure Elements / RC Plate and Shell Design / Provided Reinforcement

Starts provided reinforcement calculations of the plate. Accept messages if any are displayed.

Activates display of the bottom reinforcement

Opens the Reinforcement Pattern dialog box

Select the Bars option On the General tab selects the Bars option in the Reinforcement type field; it means that the generated plate reinforcement will be the reinforcement with the use of reinforcing bars

OK Accepts the selection made and closes the Reinforcement Pattern dialog box

Opens the Calculation Option Set dialog box

Calculations Assumes standard calculation parameters and starts calculations of the plate provided reinforcement. Viewing calculation results the drawing below shows results and the Punching tab in the Results dialog box.




41

4. Examples of Structure Definitions (Extrude and Revolve Options)

Chapter 4 contains a presentation of several short examples of modeling three-dimensional structures by means of extrude and revolve options. All the presented structures are defined as shells. The following rules will be applied during the presentation of these structures:

any icon symbol means that the relevant icon is pressed with the left mouse button, ( x ) stands for selection of the x option in the dialog box or entering the x value, LMC and RMC - abbreviations for the Left Mouse button Click and the Right Mouse button Click.

In order to start defining a structure, one should run the Robot Millennium program (press the relevant icon or select the relevant command from the toolbar). After a while, there appears on screen the dialog box (described in chapter 2.1), where one should select the second icon in the second row (Shell design).

4.1 Silo

This example provides a definition of a silo, presented schematically on the drawing below. Data units: (m).




STRUCTURE DEFINITION

Silo Geometry

OPERATION PERFORMED DESCRIPTION

View / Projection / XY Selection of work plane

View / Grid / Grid Step Definition Opens the Grid Step Definition dialog box.

Dx = Dy =1.0 Defines grid step on a screen (equal in both directions)

Apply, Close Accepts the defined parameters and closes the Grid Step Definition dialog box.

Opening the Polyline - contour dialog box to define successive components of a contour

Select Contour option in the Definition method part of the dialog box

Define the following square on the graphical viewer: side length: 2m, points: (-1,-1,0), (-1,1,0), (1,1,0), (1,-1,0)

Definition of the square that will serve as the basis for modeling the silo

Close the Polyline - contour dialog box

View / Projection / 3d xyz

Select the Edit / Substructure modification / Object modification command from the menu

Opening the Objects: operations/modifications dialog box

LMC in the Object field and indicate with the cursor the square defined on the graphical viewer

Selection of the square (the number of the object defined in the Object field)

Press the Extrude button Beginning of the definition of object modification

Press the Object modification parameters button

Definition of the parameters of extrusion

Define the following extrusion parameters: II to axis Z, Length: (5) m Division number = (5) Inactive options: top, base

Extrusion parameters

Press the Apply button Extrusion performed for the square according to the defined parameters

Press the Scaling button Beginning of the definition of the operation of modifying the result of extruding the object




43

Press the Operation parameters button

Definition of the parameters of modification to be applied to the extruded square

Define scaling parameters: Scale x=y= (3) Scale z= (1) Scale center (0,0,0)

Parameters of scaling to be performed on the operation of extrusion

Press the Apply button The operation of scaling is applied to the product of extrusion of the square according to the defined parameters

Press the Extrude button Beginning of object modification definition

Press the Object modification parameters button (if necessary to expand)


Define the following extrusion parameters: II to axis Z, Length: (10) m Number of divisions = (10) Inactive options: top, base


Press the Apply button Extrusion performed for the square according to the defined parameters

Close the Objects: operations / modifications dialog box

Initial view

Opening the dialog box used for defining thickness

Select the default panel thickness: TH_30CONCR

Selection of the thickness that will be applied to particular components of the silo

Write all in the Panels field Selection of all silo elements

Press the Apply button Application of the default thickness to all the elements of the silo

Close the FE Thickness dialog box

Support Structure

Opening the Bars dialog box

LMC in the Bar type field and select the type: RC Beam LMC in the Section field and select the type B50x70

Selection of bar properties




Define the following four bars: beam 1: begin. (-3,-3,5), end (3,-3,5) beam 2: begin. (3,-3,5), end (3,3,5) beam 3: begin. (3,3,5), end (-3,3,5) beam 4: begin. (-3,3,5), end (-3,-3,5)

Definition of RC beams

LMC in the Bar type field and select the type: Column LMC in the Section field and select the type W14x211 (if the section is absent on the list of available sections, open the New section

dialog box by pressing the

button and select the required section)

Selection of bar properties. The section from the American section database (AISC) has been used.

Define the following four steel columns of the 10 m length: col.1: begin. (-3,-3,5), end (-3,-3,-5) col.2: begin. (3,-3,5), end (3,-3,-5) col.3: begin. (3,3,5), end (3,3,-5) col.4: begin. (-3,3,5), end (-3,3,-5)

Definition of steel columns

LMC in the Bar type field and select the type: Simple bar LMC in the Section field and select the type W14x211 (if the section is absent on the list of available sections, open the New section




Define the following four beams: beam1:begin. (-3,-3,-1), end (3,-3,-1) beam2:begin. (3,-3,-1), end (3,3,-1) beam3:begin. (3,3,-1), end (-3,3,-1) beam4:begin. (-3,3,-1), end (-3,-3,-1)

Definition of steel spandrel beams

LMC in the Bar type field and select the type: Simple Bar LMC in the Section field and select the type L 4x4x0.25 (if the section is absent on the list of available sections, open the New section




Define the following bracings: 1: begin. (-3,-3,5), end (3,-3,-1) 2: begin. (3,-3,5), end (-3,-3,-1)

Bracing definition

3: begin. (3,-3,5), end (3,3,-1) 4: begin. (3,3,5), end (3,-3,-1)

Close the Bars dialog box




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Select bracing 1 and 2

Edit / Edit / Translate Opening the dialog box used to define translation

Translation vector (0,6,0) Edit mode = Copy Drag = switched off, Execute

Select bracing 3 and 4

Translation vector (-6,0,0) Edit mode = Copy Drag = switched off, Execute

Close the Translation dialog box

Opening the Supports dialog box

LMC in the Current selection field on the Nodal tab

Selection of structure nodes where structure supports will be applied

Go to the graphical viewer; while pressing the left mouse button, select all bottom nodes of columns

You should see numbers of support nodes appearing in the Current selection field

Select the fixed support icon in the Supports dialog box (it will become highlighted), Apply

Selection of support type, the selected support type will be applied to the selected structure nodes

Close Closing the Supports dialog box

Analysis / Calculation model / Generation

Creation of the structure calculation model (mesh of planar finite elements)




4.2 Cooler

This example provides a definition of a shell structure (chimney cooler), presented schematically in the drawing below. Data units: (m).


View / Projection / ZX Selection of a work plane

Geometry / Objects / Arc Opening the Arc dialog box to define successive components of a contour

Select the following arc definition method: beginning, end, middle

Define the following arc on the graphical viewer: Begin. (-10,0,10) End (-10,0,-10) Middle (-7,0,0)

Define an arc

Close Closing the Arc dialog box

CTRL + A Selection of the defined arc object

Geometry / Objects / Revolve Opening the Revolve dialog box

Define the rotation parameters: Axis: beginning (0,0,0) end (0,0,10) rotation angle (360) number of divisions: (36) Inactive options: top, base, new object

Rotation parameters




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Apply, Yes Rotation of the object is performed, accepting the message about limitations of the Revolve function for revolutions by 360-degree angle

Close Closing the Revolve dialog box




Selection of the thickness that will be applied to particular components of the structure

Write all in the Panels field Selection of all structure elements

Apply Application of the default thickness to all the elements of the structure


View / Display Opening the Display dialog box for visualizing selected attributes

Select the Thickness option on the Finite Element tab

Apply, OK Closing the Display dialog box for visualizing selected attributes

Initial view


Select Line option in the Current selection group

Select the fixed support icon in the Supports dialog box (the icon will be highlighted)

Selection of the support type

Indicate the bottom line (circle) of the structure

NOTE: To select the circle you have to find a place along its circumference in such a way it will get highlighted. If you have trouble finding this place, you should add labels by checking the numbers and labels of edges on the Finite Elements tab in the Display dialog box.







4.3 Pipeline

This example provides a definition of shell structure (pipe), presented schematically in the drawing below. Data units: (m).


View / Projection / ZX Selection of the work plane

Geometry / Objects / Circle Opening the Circle dialog box to define contour components

Select the Center - radius option in the Definition Method group of the dialog box

In the graphical viewer, define a circle with the radius of 1 m and the center at the point (0,0,0)

Definition of a circle that will be the basis for creating the pipeline




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Close the Circle dialog box


Select the Edit / Substructure modification / Object modification command from the menu

Opening the dialog box Objects - operations / modifications

LMC in in the Object field and indicate the defined circle in the graphical viewer

Selection of the circle (the number of the object is introduced into the Object field)


Press the Object modification parameters button


Define the following parameters of extrusion: II to axis Y, length (20) m number of divisions (20) Inactive options: top, base


Apply Extrusion performed for the circle according to the defined parameters

Press the Revolve button Opening the Revolve dialog box

Define the following parameters for revolving the object: axis beginning (2,20,0) end (2,20,1) rotation angle (-90) number of divisions (5) Inactive options: top, base

Rotation parameters

Apply Rotation of the object is performed

Press the Extrude button Beginning to define the parameters of extrusion

Define the following parameters of extrusion: II to axis X, length (2) m number of divisions (2) Inactive options: top, base


Press the Apply button Extrusion performed for the circle according to the defined parameters

Press the Revolve button Opening the Revolve dialog box




Define the following parameters for revolving the object: axis beginning (4,24,0) end (4,24,1) rotation angle (90) number of divisions (5) Inactive options: top, base

Rotation parameters



Define the following parameters of extrusion: II to axis Y, length (10) m number of divisions (10) Inactive options: top, base


Apply Extrusion performed for the circle according to the defined parameters

Close

Initial view






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4.4 Axisymmetrical Structures

This example provides a definition of shell structure, presented schematically in the drawing below. Data units: (m).


View / Projection / ZX Selection of a work plane


Select the following arc definition method: beginning, end, middle

Define the following arc in the graphical viewer: Begin (0,0,10) End (0,0,-10) Middle (-5,0,0)







Define the rotation parameters: Axis: beginning (0,0,0) end (-5,0,0) rotation angle (180) number of divisions (18) Inactive options: top, base, new object

Rotation parameters



View / Projection / 3D xyz








Select the Thickness option on the Finite Elements tab




This example provides a definition of shell structure, presented schematically in the drawing below. Data units: (m).





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View / Projection / ZX Selection of the work plane

Opening the Polyline - contour dialog box to define successive components of a contour

Select Line option in the Definition method part of the dialog box

Define two lines in the graphical viewer: line 1: beginning (-10,0,0) end (-10,0,10) line 2: beginning (-15,0,0) end (-15,0,5)

Definition of two lines

Close Closing the Polyline - contour dialog box


Select the following arc definition method: center, begin, end

Define the following two arcs in the graphical viewer: Arc 1 with radius = 5 Center (-10,0,5) Begin. (-15,0,5) End (-10,0,10) Arc 2 with radius = 10 Center (0,0,10) Begin. (-10,0,10) End (0,0,20)




Define the rotation parameters: Axis: beginning (0,0,10) end (0,0,20) rotation angle (360) number of divisions (36) Inactive options: top, base, new object

Rotation parameters













Initial view


Select the Thickness option on the FE tab



Select Line option in the Current selection group

Select the fixed support icon in the Supports dialog box (the icon will be highlighted)

Selection of the support type

Point to the bottom line (circle) of the structure and select it

NOTE: To select the circle you have to find a place along its circumference in such a way it will get highlighted. If you have trouble finding this place, you should add labels by checking the numbers and labels of edges on the Finite Elements tab in the Display dialog box.







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5. Design of a 2D Frame

The following is an example of a definition, analysis and design of a simple, 2D steel frame presented in the drawing below. Data units: (m) and (kN).

Three load cases will be applied to the structure (self-weight and two cases of live loads presented in the drawing below). Moreover, (10) load cases generated automatically for snow/wind loads will be applied to the structure.

CASE 2 CASE 3

The following rules will be applied during structure definition: any icon symbol means that the relevant icon is pressed with the left mouse button, ( x ) stands for selection of the x option in the dialog box or entering the x value, LMC and RMC - abbreviations for the Left Mouse button Click and the Right Mouse button Click.

In order to start defining a structure, one should run the Robot Millennium program (press the relevant icon or select the relevant command from the toolbar). After a while, there appears on screen the dialog box (described in chapter 2.1), where one should select the second icon in the first row (2D frame).

NOTE: The European (French) section database (CATPRO) and the French snow/wind code have been used in this example.




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Structure model / Bars

The BARS layout should be selected from those available in the Robot Millennium program

LMC in the Bar type field and select the Column type LMC in the Section field and select the HEA 300 type (if the section is absent from the list of available sections, one should open the New section dialog box by pressing the


Definition of bar properties. The section from the French section database (CATPRO) has been used in this example.

LMC in the Beginning field (the bacground will be highlighted in green)

Beginning of the definition of structure bars (columns of the structure)

column 1: (0,0) (0,5) (0,5) (0,10) (0,10) (0,15) column 2: (8,0) (8,5) column 3: (16,0) (16,5) (16,5) (16,10) (16,10) (16,15) column 4: (24,0) (24,5) (24,5) (24,8)

Definition of columns in the frame

LMC in the Bar type field and select the Beam type. LMC in the Section field and select the type HEA 300

Beginning of the definition of structure beams and definition of their properties. The section from the French section database (CATPRO) has been used in this example.

LMC in the Beginning field (the background will be highlighted in green)

Beginning of the definition of structure beams

beam 1: (0,5) (8,5) (8,5) (16,5) (16,5) (24,5) beam 2: (0,10) (16,10) beam 3: (16,10) (24,8) beam 4: (0,15) (16,15)

Definition of beams in the frame




LMC in the field for selecting layouts in the Robot Millennium program and select Structure model / Start

Selection of the initial layout of the Robot Millennium program

Initial view


LMC on the Current selection field on the Nodal tab

Selection of structure nodes where supports will be applied

Go to the graphical viewer; while pressing the left mouse button, select all the bottom nodes of columns

The selected nodes 1, 5, 7 and 11 will be introduced into the Actual selection field

Select the icon denoting a fixed support in the Supports dialog box (it will get highlighted)

Selection of support type

Apply, Close The selected support type will be applied to the selected nodes of the structure

5.2 Definition of Load Cases and Loads

Opening the Load Types dialog box

LMC on the New button Definition of a case with the dead nature (self-weight) and the standard label DL1

LMC the Nature field (Live)

Selection of the nature of load case: live

LMC the New button LMC the New button

Definition of two load cases with the live nature and standard labels LL1 and LL2

Close Closing the Load types dialog box

Loads / Load Table Opening the table for defining loads operating in the defined load cases

Press , to place the table in the bottom part of the screen, so that it takes the entire width of the viewer and allows the model of the defined structure to be visible

Reducing the table size in order to make the graphical load definition possible

LMC the second cell in the CASE column, select the 2. load case: LL1

Definition of loads operating in the second load case

Continuing in the same row LMC the cell in the LOAD TYPE column, selection of the uniform load

Selection of load type




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LMC the cell in the LIST column, graphical selection in the viewer of the beam 1 (bars 10to12)

Selection of bars to which the uniform load will be applied

LMC the cell in the "pz=" column and enter the (-20) value

Selection of the direction and value of the uniform load

LMC the third cell in the CASE column, select Load case 3 - LL2

Definition of loads operating in the third load case

LMC the cell in the LOAD TYPE column, select the uniform load

Selection of load type

LMC the cell in the LIST column, select graphically the beam 2 (bar 13)

Selection of bars to which the uniform load will be applied

LMC the cell in the "pz=" column and enter the (-14) value

Selection of the direction and value of the uniform load

Close the table of loads

5.3 Definition of Snow/Wind Loads French code: NV65/N84 Mod.96 Loads / Special loads / Wind and Snow 2D/3D

Opening of the Snow and Wind 2D/3D dialog box

Press the Auto button; inactive options: without parapets with base not on ground isolated roofs

Automatic generation of the structure envelope for the generation of snow/wind loads (in the Envelope field the program introduces the following node numbers: 1, 2, 3, 4, 10, 9, 13, 12, 11) and definition of basic parameters for the structure envelope

Define the following parameters: Total depth = (60) Bay spacing = (10) active options: wind snow

Definition of the basic parameters of snow/wind loads

Press the Parameters button Opening the additional dialog box (Snow/|wind Loads), where one can define detailed parameters

Define the parameters of snow/wind load: Global parameters tab: Departament: Alpes-Maritimes altitude above the sea level: (200) structure height: (15) m reference level: (0.8) m rise of roof: automatic

Definition of parameters for snow/wind loads




Wind tab: Site: Normal Type: Normal Wind pressure: automatic Structure dimension effect: automatic inactive options in the Specific actions group


Snow tab: Type: Normal and accidental Snow pressure: automatic for normal and extreme active option: Snow redistribution inactive other options in the Snow gathering field


Generate Pressing the button results in starting the generation of snow and wind loads with the accepted parameters. The calculation note will appear on screen. It will present the parameters of snow/wind laod cases

Close editor with the calculation note

Close the Snow and Wind 2D/3D dialog box


Calculations of the defined structure are started. Once they are completed, the upper bar of the Robot program will display the message: Results (FEM) - available.

5.5 Detailed Analysis

Select beam 1 in the graphical viewer (bars 10,11,12)

LMC the Robot Millennium program layout selection: Results / Detailed analysis

Detailed analysis of structure bars is commenced. The monitor screen is divided into two parts: the graphical viewer presenting the structure model and the Detailed analysis dialog box

Select the second load case

In the Detailed analysis dialog box leave the option Open a new window switched off, on the NTM tab select the MY Moments option

Selection of the quantities to be presented for the selected beam




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Apply An additional graphical viewer appears on screen. It consists of two parts: a graphical presentation of information (diagrams, loads, bar sections) for selected bars and a table presenting numerical results obtained for selected bars

In the Detailed analysis dialog box select the following options: Select the maximum stress Smax on the Stresses tab Select Characteristic points on the Division points tab, LMC in Refresh

Selection of the quantities to be presented for the selected beam

Apply Adds new quantities to be presented for the selected beam

Select the Global extremes tab in the table

Activates presentation of global extremes obtained for the selected beam (see figure below).

Exit Closing the viewer presenting the detailed analysis of the selected beam

5.6 Structure Design Eurocode 3 LMC the Robot Millennium program layout selection: Structure design / Steel/Aluminum design

Design of steel structure members is commenced. The monitor screen is divided into three parts: the graphical viewer, the Definitions dialog box and the Calculations dialog box




LMC the New button on the Groups tab in the Definitions dialog box

Definition of member groups is commenced

Define the first group with the following parameters: Number: 1 Name: columns Member list: 1to9 Material: STEEL Carbon Fy 36 ksi

Definition of the first group consisting of all the columns in the structure

Save Saving the parameters of the first member group


Definition of the second group

Define the second group with the following parameters: Number: 2 Name: beams Member list: 10to15 Material: STEEL Carbon Fy 36 ksi

Definition of the first group consisting of all the beams in the structure

Save Saving the parameters of the first member group

LMC the List button in the Code group design line in the Calculations dialog box

Going to the Calculations dialog box and opening the Code group selection dialog box

LMC the All button (in the field above the Previous button, there will appear the list: 1to2), Close

Selection of the member groups to be designed

LMC the Load case selection button (Calculations dialog box)

Opening the Load case selection dialog box

LMC the field above the Previous button; there will appear the list: 1to3, Close

Selection of the first three load cases

Activate the option: Optimization and Limit state: Ultimate

Group design will use the optimization procedures (appropriate sections with respect to their weight); the ultimate limit state will be checked

LMC the Calculations button Design of the selected member groups is commenced; there appears the Short results dialog box on screen




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LMC the Change all button in the Code group design dialog box shown above; accept the warning about the possible change of the result status to not available

Change of the currenly used profiles in the members belonging to both member groups to the calculated sections (for columns: from HEA 300 to HEA 240, for beams: from HEA 300 to HEA 500). Once the sections are changed, the upper bar of Robot will display the following message: Results (FEM) - out of date.

Close Closing the Code group design dialog box

Recalculation of the structure with the changed member sections. Once the sections are changed, the upper bar of Robot will display the following message: Results (FEM) - available.

LMC the Calculations button in the Calculations dialog box

Re-design of the selected member groups in the structure (1,2) with the optimization options active; there will appear the Short results viewer

LMC the Change all button in the Code group design dialog box; accept the warning about the possible change of the result status to not available

Change of the currenly used profiles in the members belonging to both member groups to the calculated sections. Once the sections are changed, the upper bar of Robot will display the following message: Results (FEM) - out of date.


Recalculation of the structure with the changed member sections. Once the sections are changed, the upper bar of Robot will display the following message: Results (FEM) - available.


Re-design of the selected member groups in the structure (1,2) with the optimization options active; there will appear the Short results viewer shown below. When the sections do not change during group design one can say the calculated sections are the optimal sections for designing member groups.


LMC in the Member verification field in the Calculations dialog box and enter there: (1to15)

Selection of members to be verified




LMC the Load case list field in the Calculations dialog box and enter there: (1to3)

Selection of all load cases

LMC the Calculations button Verification of the selected structure members is started (the verification is performed to obtain the results for particular structure members; however, it is not necessary); there will appear the Short results viewer

Close Closing the Member verification dialog box

5.7 Global Analysis

LMC the Robot Millennium program layout selection: Structure Model / Start

Selection of the initial Robot Millennium layout.

Results / Global analysis - bars Beginning of the global analysis of all the bars in the structure. An additional graphical viewer appears. It consists of two parts: the graphical presentation of information and the table presenting the numerical results

RMC while the cursor is located in the additional graphical viewer

A context menu appears on screen

Table Columns Selection of this option in the context menu opens the Parameters of presentation windows dialog box

Stresses tab: activate the Normal option Design tab: activate the Ratio option

Selection of quantites for which global analysis will be presented

LMC the OK button The selection is accepted

LMC the Upper limit in the table and enter the value 1.0

The upper value of the ratio is determined

RMC while the cursor is located in the additional graphical viewer

A context menu appears on screen

Select the Constant display of limit values option

The values of limits are presented with horizontal lines in the graphical viewer of global analysis (see below).




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Close the graphical viewer with global analysis presented

5.8 Design of Steel Connections Code: Eurocode 3 LMC the field of the Robot Millennium program layout selection

Structure design / Connections

Design of steel connections in a structure is started.

Select the middle bar in the outmost left column and the middle beam

RMC in the graphical viewer presenting the structure, choose Select in the context menu while pressing the CTRL button, click the left mouse button on the mentioned bars

Selection of bars for which the connection will be verified. The selected bars are pointed out with arrows in the figure below.



Select the Welds option on the Sections tab in the Connection definition dialog box, Apply

Selection of a connection type




LMC in the Connection view field presenting the drawing of the defined connection

The menu changes.





LMC the Calculations button Connection verification is started.

Selection of the extreme left support node with the column

Selection of bars for which the connection will be verified (concrete base of a column)



LMC in the Connection view field presenting the drawing of the defined connection

The menu changes.





LMC the Calculations button Connection verification is started. The table of short results assumes the shape shown below.

Select both connections in the Defined Connections - simplified data/results dialog box (the lines will be highlighted)

LMC the Note button Printout Type: Full, OK

Opening of the calculation note for the selected connection.

Close editor with a calculation note

5.9 Printout Composition




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LMC the field of the Robot Millennium program layout selection Structure Model / Start

Selection of the initial Robot Millennium program layout

File / Printout composition Opening the Printout composition - Wizard dialog box, where one can define the shape of the printout for the currently designed structure

LMC the Simplified printout tab Go to the Simplified printout tab

Activate the options (symbol ): Quantity survey and Combinations

Data concerning quantity survey and combinations will not be included in the printout

Select the following data from the available lists: Reactions - global extremes Displacements - envelope Forces - values Stresses - envelope

Selection of the data to be presented for the results of structure calculations

LMC the Save template button Pressing this button results in going to the Templates tab in the Printout composition - Wizard dialog box and including the selected simplified printout elements in the right panel.

LMC New button on the Templates tab

Definition of a new user s template

In the left panel, there will appear an additional line where one should write the name of the new template, e.g. My template and press the ENTER button.

Saving the user s template

LMC the Standard tab Going to the Standard tab

Highlight the option in the left panel: Member group design

Selection of elements for prinout composition

LMC the Add button Going to the selected option in the right panel

LMC the Preview button Presentation of the print preview of the defined printout for the designed structure

Close Closing the print preview viewer

Close Closing the Printout composition - Wizard dialog box




6. Definition of Moving Loads for a 2D Frame

This example presents the definition, analysis and design of a simple 2D frame (see the figure below), for which a moving load case is defined. Units: (m) and (kN).

Three load cases will be applied to the structure (self-weight and two load cases: wind and snow, shown in the figure below). Moreover, a moving load case will be applied to the structure.


MOVING LOAD CASE





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In order to start defining a structure, one should run the Robot Millennium program (press the relevant icon or select the relevant command from the toolbar). After a while, there appears on screen the dialog box (described in chapter 2.1), where one should select the first icon in the first row (2D

frame ).

NOTE: The European (French) section database (CATPRO) is used in the example.

6.1 Definition of the Structure Model


Starts the definition of structure axes. The Structural axis dialog box appears on screen.

In the X tab: Position: {0} Number of repetitions: {4} Distance: {3} Numbering: A, B, C ...

Definition of the parameters of vertical structural axes.

LMC the Insert button Vertical axes have been defined and introduced into the Set of defined axes field.

LMC in the Z tab Starts the definition of the parameters of horizontal structural axes.

In the Z tab: enter the following coordinates of the successive axes: {0}, Insert {3}, Insert {5}, Insert {6.5}, Insert Numbering: 1, 2, 3 ...

Defines the parameters of horizontal structural axes.

Apply, Close Creates the defined structural axes and closes the Structural axis dialog box.

6.1.1 Definition of Structure Bars

Opens the Sections dialog box

Opens the New sections dialog box

Select the I-section group in the Section field and select the following sections: HEA 200, HEA 260 and IPE 200 Add, Close

Defines a new section and closes the New sections dialog box




Close Closes the Sections dialog box

Opens the Bars dialog box

LMC in the BAR TYPE field: Column

LMC in the SECTION field and select the section type: HEA 260

Selects bar properties

LMC in the Beginning field (color of a field background changes to green)

Starts defining bars in the structure (columns of the structure)

Column 1 - between the points A1-A3, with the following coordinates: (0,0) (0,5) Column 2 - between the points E1-E3, with the following coordinates: (12,0) (12,5)

Column 3

between the points C1-C2, with the following coordinates: (6,0) (6,3)

Defines structure columns. The figure below presents the structure created up to this moment.

Close Closes the Bars dialog box

6.1.2 Definition of Library Structures (a Roof and an Overhead Traveling Crane Beam)

Opens the Typical structures dialog box and starts defining a library structure (roof).

LMC (twice) the icon

(1st icon in the last row)

Selects the triangular truss of type 1. On screen, there appears the Merge structure dialog box where one may define truss parameters




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In the Dimensions tab LMC the Length L field {12}

Defines truss length (one may also define it graphically in the graphical viewer)

LMC the Height H field {1.5}

Defines truss height (one may also define it graphically in the graphical viewer)

LMC in the Number of fields field {8}

Defines the number of fields into which the truss will be divided

LMC in the Insert tab

LMC in the Insertion point field select point A3 with the following coordinates (0,0,5)

Defines the insertion node for the truss

Apply, OK Creates the defined structure in the indicated place within the structure and closes the Merge structure dialog box

Geometry / Releases Opens the Releases dialog box

LMC on the release type: Pinned-Fixed

Selects the release type to be assigned to the truss bar

LMC on the Current selection field, switch to the graphic viewer and indicate the highest truss post (in the roof ridge)

Selects the truss bar; ATTENTION: take note of the arrows that appear on the highlighted truss bar while indicating the bar the arrows should be pointed up (the direction of the release is significant: at the first node the pinned connection remains, whereas at the second one the fixed connection is defined)

Close Closes the Releases dialog box

Reopens the Typical structures dialog box and starts defining a library structure (moving-crane beam).

LMC (twice) in the icon

Selects the rectangular truss of type 3. On screen, there appears the Merge structure dialog box where one may define truss parameters

On the Dimensions tab LMC the Length L field {12}

Defines truss length (one may also define it graphically in the graphical viewer)


Defines truss height (one may also define it graphically in the graphical viewer)

LMC in the Number of fields field {8}

Defines the number of fields into which the truss will be divided

LMC in the Insert tab

LMC in the Insertion point field select the point with the following coordinates (0,2)

Defines the insertion node for the truss

Apply, OK Creates the defined structure in the indicated place within the structure and closes the Merge structure dialog box





LMC in the Lines/Bars field, select all bars of both trusses

Selects truss bars

LMC in the IPE 200 section Selects the section that will be applied to selected bars

Apply, accept the material change to the default one

Applies section IPE 200 to all truss bars

LMC in the Lines/Bars field, select the upper chord of the moving-crane truss

Selects bars (bar No. 8)

LMC in the HEA 200 section Selects the section that will be applied to selected bars

Apply, Close Applies section HEA 200 to the truss bars and closes the Sections dialog box

Select the side posts of the moving-crane truss and the central post (see the figure) - the bars become highlighted (bars 108, 112 and 116)

Press the Delete button on the keyboard

Deletes the selected structure bars


Opens the Supports dialog box

LMC in the Current selection field on the Nodal tab

Selects structure nodes where supports will be applied




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Go to the graphical viewer; while holding the left mouse button pressed, select with the window all the lower nodes of the columns (the points located at the level of structural axis 1)

The selected nodes (1 3 5) will be inserted in the Current selection field.

In the Supports dialog box, select the icon referring to the fixed support (it will be highlighted)

Selects the support type

Apply The selected support type will be applied to the selected structure nodes.

Close Closes the Supports dialog box

6.1.4 Definition of Structure Loads

LMC in the Robot Millennium layout selection field Structure model / Loads

Selects the Robot Millennium layout that allows one to define structure loads

LMC in the New button in the Load types dialog box

Defines the following load case: nature: dead (self-weight) standard name: DL1

LMC in the Nature field: Wind

Selects load case nature: wind

LMC in the New button Defines the following load case: nature: wind standard name: WIND1

LMC in the Nature field Snow

Selects load case nature: snow

LMC in the New button Defines the following load case: nature: snow standard name: SN1

The self-weight was applied automatically to all structure bars in the first row (direction "-Z )

LMC the second field in the CASE column and select 2nd load case: WIND1

Defines loads operating for the second load case

LMC the field in the LOAD TYPE column and select the uniform load

Selects load type

LMC the field in the LIST column and select graphically in the graphical viewer the left structure column

Selects the bar to which the program will apply the load with nodal forces (bar 1)

LMC the field in the "px=" column and type the value 5.0

Selects the direction and value of the load




LMC the third field in the CASE column, select 3rd load case: SN1

Defines loads operating for the third load case

LMC the field in the LOAD TYPE column and select the uniform load

Selects load type

LMC the field in the LIST column and select graphically in the graphical viewer the upper chords of the roof truss

Selects the bar to which the program will apply the uniform load (bars 5 and 6)

LMC the field in the "pz=" column and enter the value: -3.0

Selects the direction and value of the uniform load

LMC in the Robot Millennium layout selection field Structure Model / Start

Selects the initial Robot Millennium layout

6.1.5 Definition of a Moving Load Applied to the Structure


LMC the Databases / Vehicle database option

Selects the option from the tree in the left part of the dialog box

Pressing the Create a new database icon results in opening the New moving load dialog box

Type: in the Database field: USER in the Database name field: User-defined database Units: length - (m) force - (kN)

Defines a user database

Create Closes the New moving load dialog box

OK Closes the Job Preferences dialog box

Loads / Special loads / Moving Opens the Moving loads dialog box

Opens the Moving loads dialog box and starts defining a new vehicle

On the Symmetric vehicles tab LMC on the New button

Defines a new vehicle

Type the vehicle name: Moving crane, OK

Defines the name of the new vehicle and closes the New vehicle dialog box

LMC the first line in the table located in the lower part of the dialog box

Defines the operating forces

Select the load type: concentrated force

Selects a load type




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F = 30, X = -1.2, S = 0 Defines the value and location of the concentrated force

LMC the next line in the table located in the lower part of the dialog box



Selects a load type

F = 30, X = 0.0, S = 0 Defines the value and location of the concentrated force

LMC the next line in the table located in the lower part of the dialog box



Selects a load type

F = 30, X = 1.4, S = 0 Defines the value and location of the concentrated force. The Moving loads dialog box is presented below.

LMC the Save to database button Opens the Moving load databases dialog box

OK in the Moving load databases dialog box

Saves the defined vehicle to the user-defined database

Add, Close Adds the defined vehicle to the list of active vehicles and closes the Moving loads dialog box

In the Name field, type the name of the moving load (case 4): moving crane load

Defines the name of the moving load

LMC the Define button Starts the definition of the route of the Moving Crane vehicle: the Polyline - contour dialog box is opened, with the Polyline option active.




Define two points determining the route of the vehicle: beginning (0,3) end (12,3)

Defines the vehicle route

Apply, Close Closes the Polyline - contour dialog box

LMC the Step field {1} Assume the default value of direction (0,0,-1), which means that the load will operate in the Z direction and its sense will be opposite with respect to the sense of the Z axis

Defines the step of position change of the moving load and the direction of load application.

LMC the Selection option located in the Application plane field

Selects the plane of load application

{8} Selects the upper chord of the moving-crane truss (bar no. 8)

LMC the Parameters button Opens the Route parameters dialog box

LMC the field for factors: Coef. LR and coef. LL and type the value 0.1

Defines the factors for the forces operating along the vehicle movement route. It generates the forces originating in vehicle braking, whose value equals 0.1*F

Switch on the following options: Vehicle position limit

route beginning Vehicle position limit route end

Switching these options on assures that the forces defining the moving crane load will not be positioned off the defined structure model.

OK Closes the Route parameters dialog box

Apply, Close Generates the moving load case according to the adopted parameters and closes the Moving loads dialog box.



Structure Analysis Selects the Structure Analysis option from the tree in the dialog box

Method of Solving the System of Equations: Iterative

Selects the method of solving the equation system for the defined structure


Starts calculations of the defined structure. Once the calculations are completed, the title bar of the viewer will present the following information: Finite Element Results - available.




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6.3 Presentation of the Vehicle and the Moving Load Case


The Loads tab: switch on the Moving loads - vehicle option, OK

Presents the defined vehicle on the structure

Select 4: moving-crane load

Select load case 4 (moving-crane load)

Loads / Select case component Opens the Load component dialog box

Select: Current component 4 Select component 4 of the moving load case

LMC the Animation button Opens the Animation dialog box

LMC the Start button Starts the animation of the moving load over the structure; the vehicle will move along the defined route.

Stop (LMC the

button) and close the animation toolbar

Stops the vehicle animation

Close Closes the Load component dialog box

6.4 Result Analysis

LMC the field for selecting Robot Millennium layout Results / Results

The RESULTS Robot Millennium layout opens. The monitor screen will be divided into tree parts: the graphical viewer containing the structure model; the Diagrams dialog box and the table presenting the values of reactions. NOTE: The table presents additional moving load cases

(marked with symbols + and - ) determining the value of the upper and lower envelope, respectively.

Select: 4 moving load

Selects load case 4 (moving crane load).

Switch on the My Moment option in the Diagrams dialog box

Selects the presentation of the bending moment in the structure for the selected moving load case.

Select the Deformation tab in the Diagrams dialog box switch on the Deformation option

Selects the presentation of the deformation in the structure for the selected moving load case.




Apply Presents the bending moment diagram and deformation diagram for the structure. Similarly, one can present the diagrams of other quantities available in the Diagrams dialog box.

Loads / Select case component Opens the Case component dialog box

LMC the Animation button Opens the Animation dialog box

LMC the Start button Starts recording the animation of the bending moment and deformation for the structure

Stop (LMC the

button) and close the animation toolbar

Stops recording the animation

Close Closes the Load component dialog box

Switch off the My Moment option in the Diagrams dialog box

Select the Deformation tab in the Diagrams dialog box switch off the Deformation option, Apply

6.5 Influence Lines

LMC in the Robot Millennium layout selection field Structure model / Start

Goes to the START layout of the Robot Millennium program.

Results / Advanced / Influence line Opens the Influence lines dialog box

On the NTM tab of the Influence lines dialog box, switch on the two options: My and Fz

Selects for presentation: the bending moment and the shear force for the moving load case

LMC in the Element field and type {8}

Selects the bar for which the program will present influence lines. The point position (equal 0.5) means that the influence line will be created for the point located in the middle of the bar length.

Apply Opens an additional window presenting the influence lines of the selected quantities (see the figure below).

In the Nodes tab of the Influence lines dialog box, switch on the two options: Ux and Uz

Selects the presentation of nodal displacements for the moving load case.

LMC in the Node field and type {2} Selects the node for which the program will present influence lines.

Switch on the Open in a new window option

The diagrams of influence lines for the node no. 2 will be presented in a new window.




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Apply Opens an additional window where the influence lines of the selected quantities will be presented.

RMC in the Influence lines dialog box where the influence lines are presented for node 2

Opens the context menu

Add coordinates If the option is selected, the table located under the diagrams of influence lines will display additional columns containing the coordinates of the successive structure points.




7. 3D Workshop with a Moving Crane

This example presents definition, analysis and design of a simple steel workshop illustrated in the figure below. Data units: (ft) and (kip).

Five load cases have been assigned to structure and three of them are shown in the drawings below.

LOAD CASE 2

LOAD CASE 4

LOAD CASE 5


To run structure definition start the Robot Millennium program (press the appropriate icon or select the command from the taskbar). The vignette window will be displayed on the screen and the icon

(Frame 3D Design), the last but one in the first row, should be selected.





81


Definition of Structure Bars



Selects the BARS layout from the list of the available Robot Millennium layouts.


Selects bar properties. The section from the American section database (AISC) has been used. Note: If the W 21x101 section is not available on the list,

one should select the STRUCTURE MODEL / SECTION and MATERIALS layout, press the New icon in the Sections dialog box and add the section to the list of active sections.


Starts definition of bars in the structure (structure column).

Enter the following coordinates in the Beginning and End field: (-26,0,0) (-26,0,22.5), Add (-26,0,22.5) (-26,0,45), Add

Defines a column of the structure.

LMC on the Bar Type field in the Bars dialog box and select Beam LMC on the Section field and select: (W 16x40)

Starts definition of a beam and selects its properties. The section from the American section database (AISC) has been used. Note: If the W16x40 section is not available on the list, one

should follow the above procedure.


Starts definition of a beam in the structure.

Enter the following points in the Beginning and End field: (-26,0,32) (-20,0,32), Add

Defines a beam.

LMC on the Bar Type field in the Bars dialog box and select Simple bar LMC on the Section field and select C 15x50

Starts definition of a simple bar and selects its properties. The section from the American section database (AISC) has been used.


Starts definition of a simple bar in the structure.

Enter the following points in the Beginning and End field: (-26,0,26) (-20,0,32), Add

Defines a simple bar.

LMC the Bar type field in the Bars dialog box, select Simple bar LMC the Section field, select HP 10x57

Starts to define the bar and assign the properties to it. NOTE: If the section HP 10x57 is not present on the list of

available sections, then press the

button and next follow the steps mentioned above.




LMC the Beginning field (background color changes to green)

Starts to define the bar coordinates in a structure.

Enter the bar coordinates in the Beginning and End fields: (-26,0,45) (0,0,52), Add

Defines a bar.

Restores the initial structure view.

Bracket Definition

LMC the field for selection of the Robot Millennium program layouts.

Structure Model / Start


Geometry / Additional Attributes / Brackets

Opens the Brackets dialog box that is used to define nodal brackets for structure bars.

Opens the New Bracket dialog box.

In the Length (L) field enter the value 0.15; leave the remaining parameters unchanged

Defines the bracket length

Add, Close Defines a new bracket, closes the New Bracket dialog box

LMC the Bars field, move to the graphical viewer and select the recently-defined bar (number 5 should be displayed in the Bars field)

Selects a bar to which a bracket will be assigned.

Apply, Close Assigns the bracket to the selected bar, closes the Brackets dialog box. The structure defined is displayed in the drawing below.




83

Definition of Structure Supports


Selects the Robot Millennium layout which allows defining supports.

In the Supports dialog box, LMC on the Current Selection field on the Nodal tab (the cursor is blinking in the field)

Selects structure nodes for which supports will be defined.

Switch to the graphic viewer; pressing the left mouse button select the lower column node by means of the window

The selected node 1 will be entered to the Current Selection field.



Apply The selected support type will be assigned to the chosen structure nodes.

LMC on the field for the selection of the Robot Millennium program layout Structure Model/Start

Selects the initial Robot Millennium program layout.

CTRL+A Selects all nodes and bars.

Edit / Edit / Vertical Mirror Mirrors selected bars.

Locate graphically the vertical symmetry axis (x = 0), LMC, Close

Performs the axial symmetry of selected bars and closes the Vertical Mirror dialog box.

Once this option is selected the initial view of the structure will be presented. The defined structure is shown in the drawing below.




Definition of Structure Loads

LMC on the Robot Millennium layout selection field Structure Model/Loads

Selects the Robot Millennium program layout that allows defining structure loads.

LMC on the New button in the Load Types dialog box.



Selects the load case type: wind. NOTE: If the load case number is not changed

automatically, enter number (2) manually LMC on the New button LMC on the New button

Defines two cases of wind load with the standard names: WIND1 and WIND2.

LMC on the Nature field (Snow)

Selects the load case type: snow.

LMC on the New button Defines a snow load with a standard name SN1.

Note: The self-weight load was automatically applied to all structure bars (in the Z direction).

LMC on the second field in the Case column of the Loads table, select the 2nd load case: WIND1 from the list


LMC on the field in the Load Type column, select the (uniform load) load type


LMC on the field in the List column, select the left column in a graphical way

Selects the column to which the uniform load will be applied.

LMC on the field in the "px=" column and enter the value: (0.15)


LMC on the third field in the Case column, select the 2nd load case WIND1 from the list

Defines another load for the second load case.

LMC on the field in the List column, select the right column graphically


LMC on the field in the "px=" column and enter the value: (0.10)


LMC on the fourth field in the Case column, select the 4th load case: SN1 from the list







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LMC on the field in the List column, select the beams of the steel girder graphically


LMC on the field in the " PZ =" column and enter the value: (-0.75)


LMC in the View viewer

CTRL + A Selects all structure bars.






Defines a number of repetitions for the performed translation operations.

Execute, Close Translates the structure and closes the Translation dialog box (proceed to the next step to see changes).

View / Projection / 3d xyz Selects the isometric structure view (see the drawing below).

Once this option is selected the initial view of the structure will be presented. The defined structure is presented in the drawing below.

Definition of Additional Elements of the Structure (Longitudinal Beams, Bracings, Crane Girder)

Longitudinal Beams - Definition




LMC on the field for selection of the Robot Millennium program layouts Structure Model/Bars

Selects the Robot Millennium layout that allows defining bars.

View /Display Opens the Display dialog box

On the Structure tab switch off the options: Node numbers and Bar numbers On the Sections tab switch off the Symbols option, Apply, OK

Switches off display of node numbers, bar numbers and symbols of bar sections, closes the Display dialog box

LMC on the Bar Type field in the Bars dialog box and select: Beam LMC on the Section field and select (HP 10x42)

Selects bar properties. The section from the American section database (AISC) has been used.



Enter the following coordinates in the Beginning and End field: (26,0,45) (26,40,45), Add (26,40,45) (26,80,45), Add (26,80,45) (26,120,45), Add

Defines longitudinal beams as shown in the drawing below.

Switch to the graphic viewer; RMC in any place in the viewer, which opens the context menu. Chose the Select option and sort out three recently defined bars - while the CTRL key is pressed LMC on three beams



LMC on the field (dX, dY, dZ), (0,0,-22.5)





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Execute Translates the structure and highlights translated beams.


Defines a new translation vector.

Execute Translates beams and highlights translated beams.

LMC on the field (dX, dY, dZ), (0,0,22.5)


Execute Translates the structure and highlights translated beams.



Execute, Close Translates the structure and closes the Translation dialog box. The defined structure is presented in the drawing below.

Bracing - Definition

LMC in the Bar Type field and select: Simple bar LMC on the Section field and select (W 12x305)


LMC on the Beginning field (background color changes to green) (26,40,0) (26,80,22.5), Add (26,40,22.5) (26,80,0), Add

Defines bracing.

LMC on the field for selection of the Robot Millennium program layouts Structure Model / Start


Select the two recently defined bars - while the CTRL key is pressed LMC on two bars





LMC on the field (dX, dY, dZ), (0,0,22.5), Execute


LMC on the graphic viewer; open the context menu clicking RMC on any point in the viewer. Choose the Select option (the context menu will close then); select all the recently defined bracings

with the CTRL

key pressed, LMC on the four bars

LMC on the field (dX, dY, dZ) in the Translation dialog box, (-52,0,0)


Execute, Close Translates bars and closes the Translation dialog box.

LMC on the field for selection of the Robot Millennium program layouts Structure Model/Bars

Selects the Robot Millennium layout that allows defining bars.

LMC on the Bar Type field and select: Simple bar LMC on the Section field and select (W 12x305)


LMC on the Beginning field (background color changes to green) (26,40,45) (0,80,52), Add (0,40,52) (26,80,45), Add (-26,40,45) (0,80,52), Add (-26,80,45) (0,40,52), Add

Defines bracing.

Crane Girder - Definition






89

Select the icon on the User tab Defines a user section: I-ASYM_1

On the Dimension tab enter: b1 = 15.0, h = 22.0, b2 = 10.0, tw = 0.5, tf1 = 0.5, tf2 = 0.5 Add, Close

Defines dimensions of the user section.

Close Closes the Sections dialog box


LMC on the Bar Type field and select: Beam LMC on the Section field and select (I-ASYM_1)


LMC on the Beginning field (background color changes to green) (20,0,32) (20,120,32), Add

Defines a crane girder.

LMC on the field for selection of the Robot Millennium program layouts Structure Model / Start


LMC on the View edit viewer; Select the recently defined bar




Execute, Close Translates bars and closes the Translation dialog box.

Definition of Additional Loads




LMC in the Robot Millennium layout selection field Structure Model/Loads


LMC on the fifth field in the Case column, select the 3rd load case: WIND2 from the list




LMC on the field in the List column, select the corner columns

Selects columns to which the uniform load will be applied.

LMC on the field in the "py=" column and enter the value: (0.90)


LMC in the View viewer The defined load is presented in the drawing below.

Definition of the Moving Load Applied to the Crane Girder

Tools / Job Preferences / Databases/ Vehicle Database

Open the Job Preferences dialog box.

Pressing the Create new database icon results in opening the New moving load dialog box.

Enter: in the Database field: User in the Database name field: User-defined database in the Database description field: User-defined vehicles in the Internal units of the database select: (kip) as Force units and (ft) as Length units

Create Creates a new database and closes the New moving load dialog box.

OK Closes the Job Preferences dialog box.




91

Loads / Special loads / Moving Opens the Moving loads dialog box.

Opens the Moving loads dialog box and starts defining a new vehicle.


Opens the New vehicle dialog box.

Enter the vehicle name: Moving crane OK

Defines the name of the new vehicle, closes the New vehicle dialog box.


Defines acting forces.


Selects a load type.

F = 5.0, X = 0.0, S = 40 Defines the value and location of the concentrated force.

LMC the second line in the table located in the lower part of the dialog box

Defines operating forces.



F = 5.0, X = 4.0, S = 40 Defines the value and location of the concentrated force.

LMC the Save to database button Opens the Moving load databases dialog box.




OK in the Moving load databases dialog box

Saves the defined vehicle to the user-defined database.

Add, Close Adds the defined vehicle to the list of active vehicles and closes the Moving loads dialog box.

In the Name field, enter the name of the moving load (case number 5) Moving crane

Defines the name of the moving load.

LMC the Define button Starts defining the route of the Moving Crane vehicle: the Polyline - Contour dialog box is opened. Activate the Line option.

In the Geometry dialog box define two points determining the route of the moving load: Point P1(0,0,32) Point P2 (0,120,32)

Defines the vehicle route.

Apply, Close Closes the Polyline - Contour dialog box.

LMC the Step field {8} Assume the default value of load direction (0,0,-1) which means that the load will operate in the Z direction and its sense will be opposite to Z axis sense

Defines the step of a position change for the moving load and the direction of load application.

LMC the Automatic option located in the Application Plane field

Selects the plane of load application.

LMC the Parameters button Opens the Route Parameters dialog box.

LMC the fields for the LR and LL factors and enter the value 0.1

Defines the factors for the forces operating along the vehicle movement route. It generates the forces originating in vehicle braking, whose value equals 0.1*F.

Activate the following options: Vehicle position limit

route beginning Vehicle position limit

route end

Switching these options on assures that the forces defining the load will not be positioned off the route limits defining the movement of the moving load.

OK Closes the Route Parameters dialog box.

Apply, Close Generates the moving load case according to the adopted parameters and closes the Moving loads dialog box.



Structure Analysis Selects the Structure Analysis option from the tree in the dialog box




93

Method of Solving the System of Equations: Iterative

Selects the iterative method of solving the equation system for the defined structure

Switch off the option Automatic freezing of results of structure calculations

Switches off freezing of structure calculation results.


Starts calculations of the defined structure. Once the calculations are completed, the title bar of the viewer will present the following information: Finite Elements Results - available.

Presentation of the Vehicle and the Moving Load Case


In the Loads tab: switch on the Moving loads - vehicle option, Apply

Presents the defined vehicle on the structure.

Selects the load case: 5 (Moving crane).

Loads / Select Case Component Opens the Case Component dialog box.

Select: Current component 5 Selects the component 5 of the moving load case.

LMC the Animation button Opens the Animation dialog box.

LMC the Start button Starts the animation of the moving load applied to the structure; the vehicle will move along the defined route.

Stop (LMC the

button) and close

the animation toolbar

Stops the vehicle animation.

Close Closes the Case Component dialog box.




LMC on the field for selection of the Robot Millennium program layouts Results/Results

The RESULTS layout of the Robot Millennium program will be opened. The screen will be divided into three parts: a graphic viewer containing the structure model, the Diagrams dialog box and a table with reaction values.

Selects the load case: 5 (Moving crane).

Select the Deformation tab in the Diagrams dialog box, turn on the Deformation option

Selects presentation of deformation for the selected moving load case.

Apply Presents the deformation diagram for the structure. Similarly, the diagrams of other quantities available in the Diagrams dialog box can be presented.



LMC the Start button Starts animation of deformation for the structure.

Stop (LMC the

button) and close

the animation toolbar

Stops the animation.

Close Closes the Animation dialog box.




95

Select the Deformation tab in the Diagrams dialog box Turn off the Deformation option, Apply

7.3 Structure Design Code: LRFD:2000

LMC on the field for selection of the Robot Millennium program layouts Structure Design/Steel/Aluminum Design

Starts steel member design. The screen will be divided into three parts: a graphic viewer containing the structure model, the Definitions dialog box and the Calculations dialog box.

LMC on the List button located beside the Member Verification field in the Calculations dialog box


Enter the member numbers: 1, 2, 6, 7 (columns) in the field located above the Previous button, Close (see the figure below)

Selects members for verification.

LMC on the Load Case Selection button in the Calculations dialog box


LMC on the All button, Close Selects all load cases.

LMC on the Calculations button Starts verification of the selected structure members; the Member Verification dialog box shown below will be displayed on the screen.




LMC on the line containing simplified results for member no. 2

Opens the Results dialog box for the selected member.

LMC on the Simplified Results tab Displays design results for member no. 2 (see the dialog box presented below).

OK Closes the Results dialog box.

Close Closes the Member Verification dialog box.

LMC the New button on the Groups tab in the Definitions

LRFD:2000 dialog box

Allows definition of the first member group.

Define the first group with the following parameters: Number: 1 Name: Columns Member list: LMC on the View edit viewer; select all columns while the CTRL key is pressed Material: STEEL Carbon Fy 36 ksi

Defines the first group consisting of all columns in the structure




97

Save Saves the parameters of the first member group.

Switch to the graphic viewer, select -from the upper menu: View / Projection / Zx 3d

Once this option is selected, the structure is displayed in 3D view, but it is set in such a way so that the structure is visible only on the ZX plane.


Allows defining the second member group.

Define the second group with the following parameters: Number: 2 Name: Rafters Material: STEEL Carbon Fy 36 ksi

Defines the second group consisting of all bars belonging to both trusses in the structure.

LMC in the Member list in the Definition dialog box, switch to the graphic viewer and select all rafters by means of a window

Selects all bars of the steel girder.

View / Projection / Zx 3d Once this option is selected, a 3D view of the structure is displayed. Note: apart from the rafters, other bars have been selected

(bracings and longitudinal beams). To perform the selection correctly, bars which are not rafter elements should be separated, while the CTRL key is pressed.

Save Saves the parameters of the second member group.

LMC the List button in the Code group design line in the Calculations dialog box

Opens the Code Group Selection dialog box.

LMC the All button (in the field above the Previous button), the list: 1 2 will appear there, Close

Selects member groups to be designed.

LMC the Load Case Selection button in the Calculations dialog box

Opens the Load case selection dialog box.

LMC the All button (in the field above the Previous button), Close

Selects all load cases, closes the Load case selection dialog box.

Activate the options: Optimization and Limit state: Ultimate

Press the Options button and Activate the Weight option

Opens the Optimization Options dialog box; it will result in finding the section with the smallest weight during the optimization process.

OK Closes the Optimization Options dialog box.

LMC the Calculation button Starts design of the selected member groups; the Short results dialog box appears on the screen (see the drawing below).




LMC the Change All button in the LRFD:2000 - Code Group Design dialog box shown above

Changes the currently used sections in the members belonging to both member groups to the calculated sections

(for columns: from W 21x101 to W 12x58, for rafters: from HP 10x42 to HP 12x53).

Close Closes the Code Group Design dialog box.

Recalculates the structure with the changed member sections.


Starts design of selected member groups; the Short results dialog box appears on the screen (see the drawing below). Keep on repeating the calculations until the optimal sections are obtained.


Close the Member Verification and the Results dialog boxes

7.4 Influence Lines

LMC in the field for selection of the Robot Millennium program layouts Structure Model / Start

Activates the START layout of the Robot Millennium program.

Results / Advanced / Influence line Opens the Influence lines dialog box.




99

On the NTM tab of the Influence Lines dialog box, switch on the My option

Selects the My bending moment for a moving load case for presentation.

LMC in the Element field and choose the right crane girder (bar no. 68)

Selects the bar for which the program will present influence lines.

In the Point field set the Point position at 0.25

The point position (equal to 0.25) means that the influence line will be created for the point at one fourth of the bar length.

Selects the 5th load case from the load case list. Note: The influence lines can be created only for a moving

load case.

Apply Opens another window presenting the influence lines for the selected quantities.

RMC in the Influence lines viewer where the influence lines are presented for the right crane girder

Opens the context menu.

Add coordinates If the option is selected, the table located under the diagrams of influence lines will display additional columns containing the coordinates of the successive structure points (see the figure below).

On the NTM tab of the Influence Line dialog box, switch off the My option; activate the Fz option

Selects the shear force for a moving load case for presentation.

LMC in the Open a new window option Apply

Opens a new window for presentation of influence lines.

RMC in the Influence lines viewer where the influence lines are presented for the right crane girder


Add coordinates If the option is selected, the table located under the diagrams of influence lines will display additional columns containing the coordinates of the successive structure points (see the figure below).




101

8. 3D Bridge with a Moving Load

This example presents definition, analysis and design of a single-span bottom-road bridge shown in the figure below. Data units: (ft) and (kip).

Eight load cases have been assigned to the structure and six of them are displayed in the drawings below.

LOAD CASE 2 - LL1

LOAD CASE 3 - LL2 LOAD CASE 4 - LL3 vertical mirror of LOAD CASE 3




LOAD CASE 5 - WIND1

LOAD CASE 6 - WIND2

LOAD CASE 7 - Moving vehicle




103

LOAD CASE 8 - Moving uniform load



in the second row (Shell Design) should be selected.



8.1.1 Definition of Structure Geometry

Bridge Floor - Definition


View / Projection / Xy Once this option is selected the structure is set on the XY plane.

Geometry / Object / Polyline - contour

Opens the Polyline - Contour dialog box which allows defining various line types.

LMC in the Geometry button Opens the dialog box which allows defining a contour.

Enter the following coordinates into the field highlighted in green: (0,0,0) Add, (98,0,0) Add, (98,13,0) Add, (0,13,0) Add, Apply, Close

Defines a contour.

Presentation of the structure initial view.




Geometry / Panels Opens the Panel dialog box that allows defining panels within structures.

LMC in the

button located on

the right side of the Thickness field

Opens the New Thickness dialog box.

Set the new thickness value: 9 in. and enter the new name TH9_CONCR, Add, Close

Defines a new panel and closes the dialog box.

LMC the

button located to the right of the Reinforcement field

Opens the Reinforcement Parameters dialog box.

On the General tab in the Main Reinforcement Direction field select the Along Y axis option

Selects the direction of main reinforcement

Into the Name field enter Direction_Y, Add, Close

Assigns the name to the new reinforcement type, closes the Reinforcement Parameters dialog box

LMC in the Reinforcement field and set Direction Y reinforcement

Defines reinforcement type that will be applied to the defined panel.

LMC in the Internal Point field and select a point inside the panel by left-clicking on it

Applies current properties to the selected panel.

Close Closes the Panel dialog box.

View / Projection / 3D xyz Once this option is selected, a 3D view of the structure is displayed. The defined structure is displayed in the drawing below.

Support Definition

View / Display Opens the Display dialog box which is used to select structure attributes for presentation.

On the Finite elements tab switch off the Numbers and panel description option, OK

Stops presentation of panel numbers and descriptions.




105


Selects the Robot Millennium layout which allows defining supports.

In the Supports dialog box select the fixed support icon (the icon will be highlighted)


In the Supports dialog box on the Linear tab LMC on the Current Selection field

Switch to the graphic viewer; pressing the left mouse button select two shorter edges of the structure, Apply

Assigns fixed supports to two shorter edges of the structure.

LMC on the field for selection of the Robot Millennium program layouts Structure Model/Geometry

Selects the initial Robot Millennium layout.

View / Display Opens the Display dialog box, which allows selecting structure attributes for presentation.

On the Structure tab in the Display dialog box activate Supports - symbols, Apply, OK

Displays symbols of structure supports on the screen, closes the Display dialog box. The defined structure is displayed in the drawing below.

Definition of Bridge Trusses (Application of Library Structures)

Opens the Typical Structures dialog box that allows defining typical structures (structure elements).

On the Structure Database Selection field select the Library of typical structures - beams, frames, trusses option.

LMC (twice) the icon the last one in the third row

In the Typical Structures dialog box a new Structure Selection field appears. Opening of the Trapezoid Truss Type 3 dialog box.

In the Dimension tab LMC the Length L1 field {98)

Defines length of the lower truss chord (it may be defined graphically in the graphical viewer).




On the Dimension tab LMC the Length L2 field {90)

Defines length of the upper truss chord (it may be defined graphically in the graphical viewer).

LMC the Height H field {15}

Defines truss height (it may be defined graphically in the graphical viewer).

LMC the Number of Fields {10}

Defines a number of fields into which the truss will be divided.

On the Dimensions tab in the Continuous chord field activate option No

Applies divided chords to the structure.

On the Insert tab LMC the Insertion Point, select coordinates: (0,0,0)

Defines the insertion point for the truss; the defined structure is displayed in the drawing below.

Apply, OK Creates the defined structure at the indicated point within the construction and closes the Merge Structure dialog box.


LMC in the Line/Bars field, switch to the graphic viewer and select all bars belonging to trusses

Selects truss bars.

LMC in the S 15x50 section Selects the section which will be applied to the chosen bars. Note: If the S 15x50 section is not available on the list, one

should press the

icon located in the upper part of the Sections dialog box. It opens the New Section dialog box. On the Standard tab in the Section Selection field chose the following options:

- Database - AISC

- Family - S

- Section - S 15x50 Pressing the Add button will result in adding the S 15x50 section to the list of available sections. Pressing the Close button will result in closing the New Section dialog box.




107

Apply, accept the material change to the default one, Close

Attributes S 15x50 section to the selected structure bars, closes the Sections dialog box.

Switch to the graphic viewer and select all truss bars

Selects all truss bars.




Execute, Close Translates beams, highlights translated beams and closes the Translation dialog box. The defined structure is displayed in the drawing below.

Bracing Definition

LMC in the box for selection of the Robot Millennium program layouts Structure Model / Bars

Selects the BARS layout from the list of available Robot Millennium layouts, which allows defining bars.

LMC in the Bar Type field and select: Simple bar, LMC in the Section field and select (DL 2x2x0.25)

Defines bar properties. The section from the American section database (AISC) has been used.

LMC in the Beginning and End fields (background color changes to green) (4,0,15) (14,13,15), Add (4,13,15) (14,0,15), Add

Defines bracing.

RMC in any point within the graphic viewer which opens the context menu. Choose the Select option and indicate two recently defined bars, while the CTRL key is pressed.

Selects two recently defined bars.





LMC in the field (dX, dY, dZ) (10,0,0), in the Number of Repetitions field {8}

Defines the translation vector and allows defining the number of repetitions.

Execute, Close Translates the structure, highlights translated bars and closes the Translation dialog box.

LMC in the field for selection of the Robot Millennium program layouts Structure Model/Geometry

Selects the initial Robot Millennium layout. The defined structure is displayed in the drawing below.

Cross Beams - Definition

LMC on the box for selection of the Robot Millennium program layouts Structure Model / Bars

Selects the BARS layout from the list of available Robot Millennium layouts, which allows defining bars.

LMC in the Bar Type field and select: Simple bar LMC in the Section field and select (MC 12x50).

Defines bar properties. The section from the American section database (AISC) has been used. Note: If the MC 12x50 section is not available on the list,

one should select Structure Model / Properties,

press the

icon and add the section to the list of active sections.

LMC in the Beginning and End fields (background color changes to green) (4,0,15) (4,13,15), Add

Defines cross beams.

RMC in any point within the graphic viewer, which opens the context menu. Chose the Select option and indicate the recently defined bar.

Selects the recently defined bar.


LMC in the field (dX, dY, dZ) (10,0,0) in the Number of Repetitions field {9}

Defines a translation vector and allows defining a number of repetitions.




109

Execute, Close Translates the structure and closes the Translation dialog box.

LMC in the field for selection of the Robot Millennium program layouts Structure Model / Geometry

Selects the initial Robot Millennium layout. The defined structure is displayed in the drawing below.

8.1.2 Load Definition

LMC in the Robot Millennium layout selection field Structure Model / Loads


LMC in the New button in the Load Types dialog box

Defines a dead load with the standard name DL1.

LMC in the Nature field: (Live) Selects the type of a load case: live.

LMC on the New button LMC on the New button LMC on the New button

Defines two cases of live load with the standard names: LL1, LL2 and LL3.

LMC on the Nature field: (Wind) Selects the type of a load case: wind.


Defines two cases of wind load with standard names: WIND1 and WIND2.

Note: The self-weight load has been automatically applied to all structure bars (in the Z direction).

LMC on the

icon on the Bar Loads toolbar

Opens the Load Definition dialog box.

In the Load Definition dialog box select Surface tab and press the

icon

Opens the Uniform Planar Load dialog box




Selects the load case: Live Load 1.

In the Values Z: field enter -0.6 Defines a value of the uniform load acting on surface FEs in the direction of the Z axis of the global coordinate system.

Add Closes the Uniform Planar Load dialog box.

In the Apply To field enter 1 Displays the current selection of structure panel.

Apply Applies predefined load to a chosen panel.

In the Load Definition dialog box

select Surface tab and press

Opens the Uniform Planar Load (contour) dialog box.

Selects load case: Live Load 2.

In the Values Z: field enter -0.5 Defines a value of the uniform load acting on surface FEs in the direction of the Z axis of the global coordinate system.

LMC on the Contour Definition button

Opens the dialog box that allows defining the contour to which the load is applied. It may be performed either in the dialog box or graphically on the screen.

In the green field enter coordinates that define a contour: (0,0,0), Add (98,0,0), Add (98,3,0), Add (0,3,0), Add

Defines the contour to which the loads will be applied.

Add Closes the Uniform Planar Load (contour) dialog box.

In the Apply To field enter 1 Displays the current selection of structure panel.

Apply Applies predefined load to a chosen panel.

In the Load Definition dialog box select the Surface tab and press the

icon





111

Selects load case: Live Load 3.

In the Values Z: field enter -0.5 Defines a value of the uniform load acting on surface FE in the direction of the Z global coordinate system.


Opens dialog box that allows defining the contour, to which the load will be applied. It may be performed either in the dialog box or graphically on the screen.

In the green field enter coordinates that define a contour: (0,10,0), Add (98,10,0), Add (98,13,0), Add (0,13,0), Add

Defines contour to which the loads will be applied.

Add Closes the Uniform Planar Load (contour) dialog box.

In the field Apply To type 1 Displays the current selection of structure panel.

Apply, Close Applies the predefined load to a chosen panel, closes the Uniform Planar Load (contour) dialog box.

View / Projection / Zx Once this option is selected, the Zx plane is chosen.

LMC on the fifth field in the Case column, select 5th load case: WIND1 from the list

Defines loads for the fifth load case.

LMC on the field in the Load Type column, select (nodal force) from the list as a load type


LMC on the field in the List column, select all nodes of the front truss in a graphic way

Selects nodes to which nodal force will be applied.

LMC on the field in the "FY=" column and enter the value: (0.90)

Selects the direction and value of the nodal force load.

LMC on the fifth field in the Case column, select 6th load case: WIND2 from the list

Defines loads for the sixth load case.

LMC on the field in the Load Type column, select (nodal force) from the list as a load type


LMC on the field in the List column, select four left nodes belonging to both trusses

Selects nodes to which nodal force will be applied.




LMC on the field in the "FX=" column and enter the value: (0.60)

Selects the direction and value of the nodal force load.

8.1.3 Definition of the Moving Load Applied to the Bridge Floor

LMC in the box for selection of the Robot Millennium program layouts Structure Model / Geometry


Tools / Job preferences / Databases/ Vehicle Database

Open the Job preferences dialog box.

Pressing the Create new database icon results in opening the New Moving Load dialog box.

Enter: in the Database field: User in the Database name field: User-defined database in the Database description field: User-defined vehicles in the Internal units of the database chose (ft) as Length units and (kip) as Force unit

Create Closes the New Moving Load dialog box.


Loads / Special loads / Moving Opens the Moving Loads dialog box.

Opens the Moving Loads dialog box and starts defining a new vehicle.

On the Symmetric Vehicles tab LMC on the New button

Defines a new vehicle.

Enter the vehicle name: Vehicle 1, OK

Defines the name of the new vehicle.





F = 13.5, X = 0.0, S = 1.75 Defines the value and location of the concentrated force.

LMC the second line in the table located in the lower part of the dialog box







113

F = 6.75, X = 11.75, S = 1.75 Defines the value and location of the concentrated force.

LMC the third line in the table located in the lower part of the dialog box




F = 13.5,X = 15.75, S = 1.75 Defines the value and location of the concentrated force.

LMC the Save to database button Opens the Moving Load Databases dialog box.

Select User database and press the OK button in the Moving load databases dialog box


Add, Close Adds the defined vehicle to the list of active vehicles and closes the Moving Loads dialog box.

In the Name field, enter the name of the moving load (case number 7) Moving vehicle

Defines a name of the moving load.

LMC the Define button Starts defining the route of the Moving Crane vehicle; the Polyline - Contour dialog box is opened. Activate the Line option.




In the Geometry dialog box define two points determining the route of the moving load: Point P1 (0,6.5,0) Point P2 (98, 6.5,0)



LMC the Step field: {8} Assume the default value of load direction: (0,0,-1) which means that the load will be operating in the Z direction and its sense will be opposite to the Z axis sense

Defines the step of a position change for the moving load and the load application direction.



Apply Generates the moving load case according to the adopted parameters.

Opens the Moving Loads dialog box and starts defining a new vehicle.


Defines a new vehicle.

Type the vehicle name: Moving surface load OK

Defines the name of a new vehicle.



Select the load type: surface load Selects the load type.

P = 0.9, X = 0.0, S = 0.0, DX = 4.0, DY = 3.0

Defines the value and location of the surface load.

LMC the Save to database button Opens the Moving Load Databases dialog box.

Select the User database, OK in the Moving load databases


Add, Close Adds the defined vehicle to the list of active vehicles and closes the Moving Loads dialog box.




115

In the Name field, type the name of the moving load (case number: 8): Moving surface load

Defines the name of a moving load.

LMC the Define button Starts defining the route of the Moving Crane vehicle: the Polyline - Contour dialog box is opened. Activate the Line option.

In the Geometry dialog box define two points determining the route of the moving load: Point P1(0,1.5,0) Point P2 (98,1.5,0)



LMC the Step field {8} Assume the default value of load direction: (0,0,-1) which means that the load will be operating in the Z direction and its sense will be opposite to the Z axis sense

Defines the step of a position change for the moving load and the load application direction.



Apply, Close Generates a second moving load case according to the adopted parameters and closes the Moving Loads dialog box.





Tools / Job Preferences / Structure Analysis

Opens the Job Preferences dialog box

Switch off the option: Automatic freezing of results of structure calculations, OK

Switches off freezing of structure calculations results, closes the Job Preferences dialog box.

Starts calculations of the defined structure. Once the calculations are completed, the title bar of the viewer will present the following information: Finite Elements Results - available.

8.2.1 Result Presentation in the Form of Maps

LMC on the box for selection of the Robot Millennium program layouts Results/Results - maps

The RESULTS layout of the Robot Millennium program will open. The screen will be divided into two parts: the graphic viewer containing the structure model and the Maps dialog box.

Selects the load case: 2 (LL1).

On the Detailed tab activate the z option in the Displacement - u,w line

Activates visualization of the displacement for individual surface FEs in the local coordinate system. These are the displacements in the direction perpendicular to the element surface.

Activate Maps option Allows presentation of results obtained for FE in the form of maps.

Apply Presents the structure displacement.

Selects the load case: 7 (Moving vehicle).




117

On the Deformation tab switch on the Active option

Activates presenting deformation of the currently designed structure.




LMC the Start button Starts performing the displacement animation for the structure.

Stop (LMC the

button) and

close the animation toolbar

Stops the animation.

Close Closes the Case component dialog box.

Switch off the options Displacement - u,w and active in the Maps dialog box

8.3 Structure Member Design

LMC on the box for selection of the Robot Millennium program layouts Structure Model / Bars

Selects the BARS layout from the list of the available Robot Millennium layouts.

Switch to the graphic viewer and select from the upper menu: Geometry / Code parameters / Steel/Aluminium Member Type

Opens the Member Type dialog box.

Opens the Member Definitions - Parameters dialog box.

In the Buckling length coefficient Y

press the button

Opens the Buckling Diagrams dialog box which allows defining buckling length for members.

Select the last button in the second

row , OK

Applies the selected buckling diagram and appropriate buckling length coefficient, closes the Buckling Diagrams dialog box.

In the Buckling length coefficient Z

press the button


Select the last button in the second

row , OK

Applies selected buckling diagram and appropriate buckling length coefficient, closes the Buckling Diagrams dialog box.

In the Member Type field enter: Chords

Applies the name to a new bar type.




Save, Close Saves current parameters for the Chord member type, closes the Member Definitions - Parameters dialog box.

LMC on the Line/Bars option located in the Member Type dialog box, switch to the graphic viewer and select all bars belonging to chords

Selects truss chords.

Apply Applies current member type (Chords) to the selected truss bars.

Opens the Member Definitions - Parameters dialog box.

In the Buckling length coefficient Y

press the button


Select the first button in the third row

, OK


In the Buckling length coefficient Z

press the button


Select the first button in the third row

, OK


In the Member Type field enter: Diagonals

Assigns the name to a new bar type.

Save, Close Saves current parameters for the Cross braces member type, closes the Member Definitions - Parameters dialog box.

LMC on the Line/Bars option located in the Member Type dialog box, switch to the graphic viewer and select all diagonals belonging to trusses

Selects cross braces in the trusses.

Apply, Close Applies current member type (Diagonals) to the selected truss bars, closes the Member Type dialog box.

8.3.1 Structure Design

Code LRFD:2000 Structure design / Steel/Aluminum design

Selects the STEEL/ALUMINUM DESIGN layout from the list of available Robot Millennium layouts.

In the Groups tab located in the Definitions dialog box press the New button

Starts defining a new group.




119

Define the first group with the following parameters: Number: 1 Name: Upper chords Member list: LMC on the View edit viewer; select all the bars of the upper chords while the CTRL key is pressed Material: STEEL Carbon Fy 36 ksi

Defines the first group consisting of all bars belonging to the upper chords in the structure.

Save Saves the parameters of the first member group.


Allows defining a second member group.

Define the second group with the following parameters: Number: 2 Name: Lower chords Member list: LMC on the View edit viewer; select all the bars of the lower chords while the CTRL key is pressed Material: STEEL Carbon Fy 36 ksi

Defines the second group consisting of all bars belonging to the lower chords in the structure.

Save Saves the parameters of the second member group.


Allows defining a third member group.

Define the third group with the following parameters: Number: 3 Name: Diagonals Member list: LMC on the View edit viewer; select all the diagonals belonging to the trusses while the CTRL key is pressed Material: STEEL Carbon Fy 36 ksi

Defines the third group consisting of all diagonals belonging to trusses in the structure.

Save Saves the parameters of the third member group.


Allows defining a fourth member group.

Define the fourth group with the following parameters: Number: 4 Name: Bracing Member list: LMC on the View edit viewer; select all the bracings in the structure while the CTRL key is pressed Material: STEEL Carbon Fy 36 ksi

Defines the third group consisting of all bracings in the structure.

Save Saves the parameters of the fourth member group.





Allows defining a fifth member group.

Define the fifth group with the following parameters: Number: 5 Name: Beams Member list: LMC on the View edit viewer; select all cross beams while the CTRL key is pressed Material: STEEL Carbon Fy 36 ksi

Defines the fifth group consisting of all cross beams in the structure.

Save Saves the parameters of the third member group.

In the Calculations

LRFD:2000 dialog box switch on the Code Group Design option

Activates design in groups.

LMC on the List button in the Code group design line in the Calculations dialog box


Press the All button located in the upper part of the Code Group Selection dialog box. In the field below the All button the list: 1to5 will appear Close

Selects member groups to be designed, closes the Code Group Selection dialog box.

In the Calculations

LRFD:2000 dialog box switch on the Optimization option

The option allows determining parameters of calculations performed for member groups taking the optimization options into account.

LMC the Options button Opens the Optimizations Options dialog box.

In the Optimization Options dialog box switch on the Weight option

Activation of this option will result in searching for the lightest section in the group of sections that meet the code-defined criteria.

OK Closes the Optimization Options dialog box.



LMC the All button (in the field above the Previous button), the list: 1to8 13to16 will appear there, Close

Selects all load cases.

Activate the Ultimate option in the Limit State field

LMC the Calculations button Starts design of the selected member groups; the Short Results dialog box appears on the screen (see the drawing below).




121


Changes the currently used sections of the members belonging to all member groups to the calculated sections:

- for Upper Chords from S 15x50 to S 18x54.7,

- for Lower Chords from S 15x50 to S 6x12.5,

- for Diagonals from S 15x50 to S 18x54.7,

- for Bracings from DL 2x2x0.25 to DL 4x4x0.25

- for Beams from MC 12x50 to MC 8x21.4


Recalculates the structure with the changed member sections


Starts design of the selected member groups; the Short Results dialog box appears on the screen (see the drawing below).





Changes the currently used sections of the members belonging to all member groups to the calculated sections:

- for Upper Chords - without changes,

- for Lower Chords from S 6x12.5 to S 4x7.7,

- for Diagonals - without changes,

- for Bracings from DL 4x4x0.25 to DL 4x4x0.312,

- for Beams from MC 8x21.4 to MC 6x15.1


Recalculates the structure with the changed member sections


Starts design of the selected member groups; the Short Results dialog box appears on the screen (see the drawing below).




123


Close the Member Verification and the Results dialog boxes

Member Verification

In the Calculations - LRFD:2000 dialog box switch on the Code Group Verification option

Activates the code group verification option.

LMC in the List button in the Code Group Verification option


Press the All button located in the upper part of the Code Group Selection dialog box. In the field below the All button the list: 1to5 will appear, Close

Selects member groups to be designed, closes the Code Group Selection dialog box.



LMC the All button (in the field above the Previous button), the list: 1to8 13to16 will appear, Close

Selects all load cases.


Starts code group verification of selected member groups; the Short Results dialog box appears on the screen (see the drawing below).




Close Closes the Code Group Verification dialog box.

8.4 Time History Analysis

LMC in the field for selection of the Robot Millennium program layouts Structure Model/Geometry


Analysis / Analysis Types Opens the Analysis Type dialog box which allows defining a new load case (modal analysis, spectral analysis, seismic analysis, etc.), changing the load case type and introducing changes to the parameters of the selected load case.

LMC in the New button Opens the New Case Definition dialog box which allows defining new dynamic cases within the structure.

LMC in the OK button Opens the Modal Analysis Parameters dialog box which allows defining modal analysis parameters for the new dynamic cases in the structure

In the Method field select the Lanczos option, in the Parameters field switch on the Include Damping in Calculations option (PS 92), in the Number of Modes field {3}

Chooses the method of structure analysis. Selects the mode number (3), takes account of damping during calculations.

OK Closes the Modal Analysis Parameters dialog box and adds a new load case to the list of available load cases.

LMC in the New button Opens the New Case Definition dialog box which allows defining new dynamic cases within the structure.

Select the Time History Analysis option, OK

Opens the Time History Analysis dialog box which is used to define time history analysis parameters for a new dynamic load case defined for the structure

LMC in the Function definition button

Opens the Time Function Definition dialog box.




125

In the Defined function field enter the function name: Wind impact, Add

Assigns the name to the time function. The new tabs: Points and Add functions will appear in the dialog box.

On the Points tab define consecutive points of the time function: T = 0.00, F(T) = 0.00 Add T = 0.01, F(T) = 5.00 Add T = 0.02, F(T) = 0.00 Add T = 1.00, F(T) = 0.00 Add Close

Defines the time function, closes the Time Function Definition dialog box.

In the Time History Analysis field select 5th load case: WIND1 from the available load case list

Selects the number of a selected case.

LMC in the buttons Add, OK Assigns a static load case which will be used during time analysis, closes the Time History Analysis dialog box.

Tools / Job Preferences / Structure Analysis

Opens the Job Preferences dialog box

Select the DSC Algorithm option, OK

Assumes the DSC algorithm for calculations, closes the Job Preferences dialog box




LMC in the Calculations button Starts calculation of the structure for the defined load cases. Once the calculations are completed, the viewer title bar will show the following information: Finite Elements Results - available.

Close Closes the Analysis Types dialog box.

Select from the upper menu: Results / Advanced / Time History Analysis - Diagrams

Opens the Time History Analysis dialog box

Add Opens the Diagram Definition dialog box which is used to define a diagram of the quantities calculated during the time history analysis.

Select the following option on the Nodes tab: Displacement, UX

Selects displacement in the UX direction

In the Point field enter the node number: {12}

Selects node no. 12 (see the figure below) for which the diagram will be presented

Add, Close In the panel located on the left side of the screen (Available diagrams), the defined displacement with the default name: Displacement_UX_12 appears; closing of the Diagram Definition dialog box.

LMC in the Displacement_UX_12 (it will be highlighted) and press the

button

Moves the selected diagram to the panel on the right side of the screen (Presented diagrams).

Switch on the Open a new window option and press the Apply button

Displays the displacement (Displacement_UX_12) diagram on the screen (see the figure below).




127

Select Displacement_UX_12 from the panel on the right-hand side of

the screen and then, press the

button

Deletes the selected quantity from the panel on the right side of the screen

Add Opens the Diagram Definition dialog box which is used to define diagrams of the quantities calculated during time history analysis.

Select the following option on the Node tab: Acceleration, UX

Selects acceleration in the UX direction.

In the Point field enter the node number: {12}

Selects the node no. 12 (see the picture below) for which the diagram will be prepared

Add, Close In the panel on the left side of the screen (Available diagrams) the defined displacement with default name: Acceleration_AX_12 appears, closing of the Diagram Definition dialog box.

LMC in the Acceleration_AX_12 (it will be highlighted) and the press the

button

Moves the selected diagram to the panel on the right side of the screen (Presented diagrams).

Switch on the Open a new window option and press the Apply button

Displays the acceleration (Acceleration_AX_12) diagram on the screen (see the figure below).




129

9. Volumetric Structure

This example presents definition, analysis and design of a machine foundation shown in the figure below. Data units: (ft) and (kip).

Four load cases have been assigned to the structure and three of them are displayed in the drawings below.

LOAD CASE 2 - LL1

LOAD CASE 3 - LL2




LOAD CASE 4 - LL3



(Volumetric Structure Design), the last but one in the first row, should be selected.

9.1 Definition of Structure Model

Definition of Structural Axes


Geometry / Axis Definition Opens the Structural Axis dialog box which allows defining structural axes.

On the X tab chose the Define option located in the Numbering field and then enter the x1 number in the edit field. Enter the following values in the Position field: (0) Insert, (3) Insert, (5) Insert, (17) Insert, (19) Insert, (31) Insert, (33) Insert, (36) Insert

Defines the method of axis numbering. Creates the vertical axes designated with consecutive numbers x1, x2, x3, etc.




131

On the Y tab chose the Define option located in the Numbering field and then enter the y1 number in the edit field. Enter the following values in the Position field: (0) Insert, (2) Insert, (4) Insert, (14) Insert, (16) Insert, (18) Insert

Defines the method of axis numbering. Creates the vertical axes designated with consecutive numbers y1, y2, y3 etc.

On the Z tab chose the Define option located in the Numbering field and then enter the z1 number in the edit field. Enter the following values in the Position field: (0) Insert, (2) Insert, (12) Insert, (14) Insert

Defines the method of axis numbering. Creates the vertical axes designated with consecutive numbers z1, z2, z3 etc.

Apply, Close Displays the recently defined structural axis on the screen, closes the Structural Axis dialog box.

View / Projection / 3D xyz Displays a 3D view of the structure.

Presents the initial view of the structure axes (see the picture below).




Definition of the Structure

A Base of the Foundation

View / Projection / Xy Once this option is selected, the structure is set on the XY plane.

Select from the menu Geometry / Objects / Polyline - contour

Opens the Polyline - Contour dialog box that allows defining various line types.

LMC in the Geometry button Opens the dialog box that allows defining a contour.

Set the cursor in the green field, then switch to the graphic viewer and select graphically the consecutive points defining the contour (i.e. the intersection points of the appropriate structural axes): x1 - y1, x8 - y1, x8 - y6, x1 - y6 Apply, Close

Defines a contour, closes the Polyline - Contour dialog box.

Presents the initial view of the structure.

Geometry / Panels Opens the Panel dialog box that allows defining structure panels.

Activate the Face option in the Contour Type field

Once this option is selected, the currently generated object will be defined as a face (without assigning properties), which enable using such an object during generation of a volumetric structure.

LMC in the Internal Point field and select the point inside the contour by left-clicking on it

Applies current properties to the selected panel.

Close Closes the Panel dialog box.

View / Projection / 3D xyz Once this option is selected, a 3D view of the structure is displayed. The defined structure (without presentation of the structural axes) is shown in the drawing below.




133

In the selection field enter number 1, Enter

Selects the recently defined panel, whose color changes to red.

Geometry / Objects / Extrude Opens the Extrude dialog box which is used to create simple solid-like elements by extruding predefined two-dimensional objects.

Activate the ll to Axis option and select the Z axis

Once this option is selected, the object will be extruded along the axis that is parallel to the Z axis of the global coordinate system.

In the edit field set the length of the extrusion vector as 2

Defines the length of the extrusion vector.

Enter 1 in the Division Number field Defines the number of divisions to be performed while extruding the selected object.

Apply, Close Extrudes the selected two-dimensional object along the appropriate axis.

Columns

View / Work in 3D / Global Work Plane

Opens the Work Plane dialog box that allows setting the work plane for structure definition/modification.

Switch to the graphic viewer and select graphically the intersection point of the following axes: x1 - y1 - z2 and then press the Apply button

Sets a new global work plane for structure definition. The coordinates in the Work Plane dialog box will change automatically to the selected ones e.g. (0.0, 0.0, 2.0).

Close the Work Plane dialog box by means of the button

Closes the Work Plane dialog box.

View / Projection / Xy Once this option is selected, the structure is set on the XY plane for the Z coordinate value recently defined (i.e. Z = 2.0). Only the structure components located in this plane will remain visible.

Geometry / Objects / Cube Opens the Cube dialog box that allows defining cubes.

Select the three points option in the Definition Method field

Selects a rectangle as a base of the cube. The rectangle will be defined by means of the two opposite apexes of the rectangle.




Switch to the graphic editor and select two opposite apexes of the rectangle defined by means of the intersection points of the following axes: x2 - y2, x3 - y2, x3 - y3, then in the Height field located in the Geometry dialog box enter the value 10 and press the Apply and Close buttons

Defines the cube, closes the Cube dialog box.

Switch to the graphic viewer and enter the number 2 in the selection

field next to the , Enter

Selects the recently defined cube.


In the graphic viewer select the top-right apex of the rectangle, which defines base of the cube. In the Translation Vector field located in the Translation dialog box, enter the following numbers: (0.0, 12.0, 0.0), Execute

Translates the selected cube.

RMC in the graphic viewer and choose the Select option

Opens the context menu

Select the recently defined cubes (nos. 2 and 3 appear in the edit field). Switch to the Translation dialog box and in the Number of Repetitions field enter 2, then define the translation vector: (14.0, 0.0, 0.0), Execute, Close

Translate the selected cubes.

View / Projection / 3D xyz Once this option is selected, a 3D view of the structure is displayed. The defined structure (without presentation of the construction axis) is shown in the drawing below.

Top of the Foundation




135

View / Display

Opens the Display dialog box with the options enabling display of selected structure attributes on the screen.

On the Finite elements tab switch off the option Numbers and panel description, OK

Switches off display of the panel description and closes the Display dialog box


Opens the Work Plane dialog box that allows setting the work plane for structure definition/modyfication.





View / Projection / Xy Once this option is selected, the structure is set on the XY plane for the Z coordinate value recently defined (i.e. z = 14.0). Only the structure components located in this plane will remain visible.

Geometry / Objects / Polyline - contour

Opens the Polyline - Contour dialog box which allows defining various line types.

Set the cursor in the green field, then switch to the graphic viewer and select graphically the consecutive points defining the contour (i.e. the intersection points of the appropriate structural axes): x2 - y2, x7 - y2, x7 - y5, x2 - y5, Apply, Close

Defines contour, closes the Polyline - Contour dialog box.

Geometry / Panels Opens the Panel dialog box that enables definition of panels in a structure

Switch on the Face option located in the Contour type field

If this option is selected, the created object will be defined as a wall (without assigning such properties as a reinforcement type or thickness) which makes it possible to use this object while generating a volumetric structure

LMC on the Internal point option located in the Creation with field, select any point within the contour

Assigns the selected properties to the chosen panel

Close Closes the Panel dialog box

In the selection field, next to the

icon, enter 8, Enter

Selects the recently defined contour whose color changes to red.




Geometry / Objects / Extrude Opens the Extrude dialog box which is used to create simple solid-like elements by extruding predefined two-dimensional objects.

Activate the ll to Axis option and select the Z axis

Once this option is selected, the object will be extruded along the axis that is parallel to the Z axis of the global coordinate system.

In the edit field set the length of the extrusion vector as 2

Defines the length of the extrusion vector.

Enter 1 in the Division Number field Defines the number of divisions to be performed during the extrusion process.

Apply, Close Extrudes the selected two-dimensional object along the appropriate axis.

If this option is selected, invisible lines in the structure will not be displayed

View / Projection / 3D xyz Once this option is selected, a 3D view of the structure is displayed.

If this option is selected, invisible lines in the structure will not be displayed

Presents the initial view of the structure (see the picture below).

Support Definition


Selects the Robot Millennium layout that allows defining supports.

In the Supports dialog box press the

icon

Opens the Support Definition dialog box that allows defining a new support.




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On the Elastic tab switch off the UZ option and in the KZ field that becames available enter 4800 (kip/ft)

Defines the support elasticity coefficient for the displacement in the Z direction.

In the Label field enter the name for a new support: Elastic Foundation Add, Close

Assigns the name to the defined support

In the Supports dialog box, LMC on the Current Selection field on the Planar tab

Selects a structure surface for which supports will be defined.

Switch to the graphic viewer; pressing the left mouse button select the surface being the base of the foundation - in the Current Selection field 1_REF(1) will appear

Selects the surface of the foundation base.

From the Supports dialog box select the recently defined Elastic foundation support (the icon will be highlighted)


LMC on the Apply button The selected support type will be assigned to the chosen structure surface.

LMC on the field for selection of the Robot Millennium program layouts Structure Model/Geometry


View / Display Opens the Display dialog box that allows selecting structure attributes for presentation.

On the Structure tab, in the Display dialog box activate Supports - symbols, Apply, OK

Displays symbols of structure supports on the screen, closes the Display dialog box. The defined structure is shown in the drawing below.

Using the dynamic zoom option enables structure rotation and pan, so that the bottom structure part with supports can be presented.

Mesh Generation




In order to improve mesh generation define additional nodes. View / Grid / Grid Step Definition Opens the Grid Step Definition dialog box, which is

used to change the grid step presented on the screen.

In the Grid Step field set the grid step Dx and Dy as 1.00, Apply, Close

Changes the grid step, closes the Grid Step Definition dialog box







View / Projection / Xy Once this option is selected, the structure is set on the XY plane for the Z coordinate value recently defined (i.e. z = 0.0). Only the structure components located on this plane will remain visible.

Geometry / Nodes Opens the Nodes dialog box that allows defining the structure nodes.

Define the additional nodes whose coordinates are the intersection points of the following structure axes: x2 - y2, x3 - y2, x3 - y3, x2 - y3, and the nodes of the following coordinates: (4.00, 2.00, 0.00), (5.00, 3.00, 0.00), (4.00, 4.00, 0.00), (3.00, 3.00, 0.00),

Defines nodes, closes the Node dialog box.

In the edit field located next to the

icon enter all, Enter

Selects all the nodes defined in the structure.


In the Translation vector field enter:

(14.00, 0.00, 0.00) In the Number of repetitions field enter: 2 Execute, Close


icon enter all, Enter

Selects all the nodes defined in the structure.

Edit / Edit / Horizontal mirror Opens the Horizontal Mirror dialog box




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LMC on the Axis Position field 9.00

Defines the position of the horizontal symmetry axis.

Execute, Close Performs horizontal symmetry of the selected nodes, closes the Horizontal Mirror dialog box.

View / Projection / 3D xyz Once this option is selected, a 3D view of the structure is displayed.



In the graphic viewer select graphically the intersection point of the following axes: x2 - y2 - z4 and then press the Apply button




View / Projection / Xy Once this option is selected, the structure is set on the XY plane for the Z coordinate value recently defined (i.e. z = 14.0). Only the structure components located on this plane will remain visible.

Geometry / Nodes Opens the Nodes dialog box which allows defining the structure nodes.

Define additional nodes whose coordinates are the intersection points of the following structure axes: x2 - y3, x3 - y2, x3 - y3, x2 - y2, and the nodes of the following coordinates: (4.00, 2.00, 14.00), (5.00, 3.00, 14.00), (4.00, 4.00, 14.00), (3.00, 3.00, 14.00),

Defines nodes, closes the Nodes dialog box.


icon enter: 49to56, Enter

Selects nodes defined in the current work plane.


In the Translation vector field enter:

(14.00, 0.00, 0.00) In the Number of repetitions field: 2 Execute, Close


icon enter numbers of the recently defined nodes: 49to72, Enter

Selects nodes defined in the current work plane.




Edit / Edit / Horizontal mirror Opens the Horizontal Mirror dialog box.

In the Axis Location edit field enter 9.00

Defines the coordinate of the horizontal mirror axis.

Execute, Close Mirrors horizontally the selected nodes, closes the Horizontal Mirror dialog box.

Geometry / Nodes Opens the Nodes dialog box which allows defining structure nodes.

In the Coordinates field enter the coordinates of the additional node: (25.0, 9.0, 14.0), Add, Close

Defines the additional node no. 97 to which a nodal force will be applied, closes the Nodes dialog box.

In the edit field next to the

icon enter: 1 and 8 (1 8), Enter

Selects the base and top of the foundation.

Analysis / Calculation Model / Meshing Options

Opens the Meshing Options dialog box.

In the Available Meshing Methods field select the Delaunay option, in the Mesh Generation field select the Automatic option and enter 5 in the Division 1 field, OK

Sets the meshing parameters for the selected structure components.

In the edit field next to the

icon enter: 2to7, Enter

Selects all columns of the foundation.

Analysis / Calculation Model / Meshing Options


In the Available Meshing Methods field select the Delaunay option, in the Mesh Generation field select the Automatic option and enter 2 in the Division 1 field, OK

Sets the meshing parameters for selected structure components.


If this option is selected, the program starts to generate the calculation model of the structure (finite elements), see the picture below.

View / Projection / 3D xyz Once this option is selected, a 3D view of the structure is displayed. The defined structure is shown in the drawing below.




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Geometry / Properties / Solid Properties

Opens the Solid Properties dialog box.

LMC on the Selection field Enter all (all structure elements)

LMC on the material Concrete Selects material. If the material is not available on the available material list, the user should press the icon Definition of new solid properties and add concrete to the list of materials

Apply, Close Assigns the material to all the structure elements and closes the dialog box

Load Definition

View / Projection / Xy Once this option is selected, the structure is set on the XY plane for the Z coordinate recently defined (i.e. z = 14.0). Only the structure components located on this plane will remain visible.

LMC in the Robot Millennium layout selection field Structure Model/Loads


LMC in the New button in the Load Types dialog box

Defines a dead load with a standard name DL1.

LMC in the Nature field, (live)

Selects the type of a load case: live.

LMC on the New button LMC on the New button LMC on the New button

Defines two cases of live load with the standard names: LL1, LL2 and LL3.

Note: The self-weight load was automatically applied to all structure elements (in the Z direction).

LMC on the

icon located in the right toolbar





In the Load Definition dialog box select the Surface tab and press the

icon

Opens the Uniform Planar Load dialog box

Selects the load case: Live Load 1 (2:LL1).

In the Values Z: field enter - 0.5 Defines the value of the uniform load acting on surface FEs in the direction of the Z axis of the global coordinate system.

Add Closes the Uniform Planar Load dialog box.

Set the cursor in the Apply To field, switch to the graphic viewer and select the contour 8 defining the top surface of the foundation - 8_REF(1) will appear in the edit field

Displays the currently selected structure panel.

Apply Applies the predefined load to the chosen panel contour.

In the Load Definition dialog box select Surface tab and press the

icon


Selects the load case: Live Load 2 (3:LL2).

In the Values Z: field enter -0.9 Defines the value of the uniform load acting on surface FEs in the direction of the Z axis of the global coordinate system.


Opens the dialog box that allows defining the contour to which the load will be applied. It may be performed either in the dialog box or graphically on the screen.

In the green field enter the points defining the contour by clicking on the appropriate points of structure axes intersections: x2 - y3, x4 - y3, x4 - y5, x2 - y5

Defines the contour to which the loads will be applied.

LMC on the Add button located in the lower part of the dialog box Uniform Planar Load (contour)

Closes the Uniform Planar Load (contour) dialog box.




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Set the cursor in the Apply To field, switch to the graphic viewer and select the contour 8 defining the top surface of the foundation - 8_REF(1) will appear in the edit field

Displays the currently selected structure panel.

Apply Applies the predefined load to the chosen contour on the panel.

In the Load Definition dialog box select the Node tab and press the

(Nodal force) icon

Opens the Nodal Force dialog box.

Selects the load case: Live Load 3.

In the Values Z: field enter -0.5, Add

Defines the concentrated force loads acting on a selected structure node.

In the field Apply To enter 97 Displays the currently selected structure panel (see the picture below). .

Apply, Close Applies the defined load to the chosen node, closes the Nodal Force dialog box.


Starts the calculation of the defined structure. Once the calculations are completed, the viewer title bar will show the following information: Finite Elements Results - available.




9.3 Presentation of Results in the Form of Maps

LMC on the box for selection of the Robot Millennium program layouts Results/Results - maps

The RESULTS layout of the Robot Millennium program will open. The screen will be divided into two parts: a graphical viewer containing the structure model and the Maps dialog box.

Select the load case: 4 (LL3).

On the Detailed tab, in the Values in the local system field, activate the third option in the Displacement line

Selects the visualization of the displacement for individual FEs in the local coordinate system.

Activate Maps option Allows presentation of results obtained for FEs in the form of maps.

LMC the Apply button Presents the structure displacement (see the picture below).

Switch off the Displacement - z option. On the Deformation tab select the active option located in the Deformations field, Apply

If this option is selected, the program will present deformation of the currently designed structure - see the picture below.

Select the load case: 3 (LL2).

In the Deformations field switch on the Active option

Activates presentation of deformation for the currently designed structure.





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10. Bar Structure Design (Elasto-Plastic Analysis)

This example presents definition, analysis and design of a simple 2D steel frame shown in the figure below. The definition process involves application of the truss generated by means of the library of typical structures available in the Robot Millennium program. The model considers the EC3 code requirements with respect to geometrical imperfections and elasto-plastic material analysis. Data units: (m) and (kN).

The following rules apply during structure definition:

any icon symbol means that the relevant icon is pressed with the left mouse button,

{ x } stands for selection of the x option in the dialog box,

LMC and RMC - abbreviations for the Left Mouse button Click and the Right Mouse button Click.

To run structure definition start the Robot Millennium program (press the appropriate icon or select the command from the taskbar). In the vignette that will be displayed on the screen (it is described in

chapter 2.1) the first icon

(Frame 2D Design) should be selected.




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10.1.1 Code Selection



Materials Selects the Materials option from the tree in the dialog box

Selection from the Materials unfolding list: Eurocode

Selects the Eurocode material database

Modification Opens the Material Definition dialog box

In the Name field - enter STEEL

Definition of the material of this name will be required to read in a library structure

Add, OK Adds material named STEEL to the database

Codes Selects the Codes option from the tree in the dialog box

Steel / Aluminum structures: EC3

Selects EuroCode 3 for steel structure design

Actions Selects the Codes - Actions option from the tree in the dialog box

Code Combinations: EUROCODE Accept warnings of the code changes

Selects EuroCode for automatic code combinations

OK Accept warnings of the code changes

Accepts adopted parameters and closes the Job preferences dialog box Accept warnings of the code changes.

10.1.2 Definition of Structural Axis

Geometry / Axis definition Starts definition of structural axes. The Structural Axis dialog box is displayed on the screen

On the X tab: Position: {0} Number of Repetitions: {2} Distance: {6} Numbering: 1, 2, 3 ...

Defines parameters of the vertical structural axes

LMC the Insert button Vertical axes have been defined and are entered to the Defined axes field




LMC the Z tab Starts defining parameters of the horizontal structural axes

On the Z tab: Position: {0.0} Numbering: A, B, C ...

Defines parameters of the horizontal structural axes

LMC the Insert button First horizontal axis has been defined and entered to the Defined axes field

Position: {3.6}, Insert

Position: {6.0}, Insert

Position: {7.2}, Insert The remaining axes have been defined and entered to the Defined axes field

Apply, Close Generates defined structural axes and closes the Structural Axis dialog box. The structural axes presented in the figure below are displayed on the screen.

10.1.3 Definition of Structure Bars

Geometry / Properties / Sections Opens the Sections dialog box

Opens the New Section dialog box

Select the I-section family, in the Section field select section IPE 240, Add HEA 300, Add HEA 240, Add

Defines the following sections: IPE 240, HEA 240 and HEA 300

Close (New Section dialog box) Close (Sections dialog box)

Closes the Sections and New Section dialog boxes




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LMC the Bar type field and select type: Column

Selects properties of a bar to be designed. The Section field should show the recently-defined section HEA 240

LMC the Beginning field (the field background changes to green)

Starts defining bars in the structure (structure columns)

Indicate graphically or type the points of the beginning and end of bars (0,0) (0,6) and (12,0) (12,6)

Defines columns positioned on the structural lines marked with numbers 1 and 3 (in the A-C range)

LMC the Section field and select section HEA 300

Selects HEA 300 as the current section


Starts defining bars in the structure (middle column)

Indicate graphically or type the points of bar beginning and end (6,0) (6,3.6)

Defines a column positioned on the structural line marked with number 2 (in the A-B range)

LMC the Bar type field and select the type: Beam

Selects properties of a bar to be designed.

LMC the Section field and select section IPE 240

Selects IPE 240 as the current section


Starts defining bars in the structure (a beam between the columns)

Indicate graphically or type the points of bar beginning and end (6.0,3.6) (12.0,3.6)

Defines a beam positioned on the structural line marked with letter B (in the 2-3 range)

Close Closes the Bars dialog box




10.1.4 Definition of a Library Structure


Structure tab, switch on the Node numbers option Others tab, switch off the Structural axis option Apply, OK

Opens the Typical Structures dialog box and starts defining a library structure

LMC (twice) the

icon (first icon in the last row)

Selects the triangular truss of the 1 type. The Merge Structure dialog box is displayed on the screen in which truss parameters may be defined.

On the Dimensions tab LMC the Length L field {12}

Defines truss length (it may also be defined graphically in the graphical viewer)


Defines truss height (it may also be defined graphically in the graphical viewer)

LMC the option: Moments Released: No

LMC the Insert tab

LMC the Insertion point field Indicate graphically node no. 2 of the coordinates (0, 0, 6)

Defines the beginning node of the truss

Apply Considers the data entered, data modification is possible




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OK Generates the defined truss and closes the Merge Structure dialog box. The structure defined is shown in the figure below.

10.1.5 Addition of an Auxiliary Node

Edit / Divide Opens the Division dialog box

The Division field LMC in distance

Selects the manner of defining the insertion of the division node - through a coordinate on the bar length

In the Distance from the top field enter the value 3.6 (m)

Determines the point where the auxiliary node is to be inserted

Move to the graphical viewer and indicate (LMC) the left column at its base (bar no.1)

Indicates the bar to be divided. Note: if the division through the coordinate on the bar length is defined, take note that the coordinate is calculated from the indicated bar beginning.

Close Closes the Division dialog box

10.1.6 Definition of Brackets on Bars


Opens the Brackets dialog box

LMC the field with the list of defined attributes, select the default one Bracket_ 0.1x1

Selects the bracket type (it will be highlighted)




Move to the graphical viewer; indicate beginning and end of the beam (no. 4)

Defines brackets on the beam beginning and beam end

Close Closes the Brackets dialog box

10.1.7 Definition of Supports

Opens the Supports dialog box

In the Supports dialog box select Fixed support

Select the fixed support type (it will be highlighted)

Move to the graphical viewer; indicate node no.1 (the bottom node of the extreme column)

Assigns the support at node no. 1.

In the Supports dialog box select Pinned support

Select the pinned support type (it will be highlighted)

Move to the graphical viewer; indicate nodes nos. 3 and 5 (bottom nodes of the remaining columns)

Assigns the supports at nodes nos. 3 and 5.

Close Closes the Supports dialog box

10.1.8 Definition of Geometrical Imperfections

Geometry / Additional Attributes / Geometrical Imperfections

Opens the Geometrical Imperfections dialog box

Opens the Imperfection definition dialog box

In the Label field enter During_Assembly switch off the Automatic option switch on the User-defined option enter the value 5 (cm)

Defines parameters of a new imperfection type with the deflection value equal to 5 cm.

Add, Close Defines the imperfection and closes the Imperfection definition dialog box

LMC in the field with the list of defined attributes, select the default imperfection type (Automatic)

Selects the imperfection type (it will be highlighted)

Move to the graphical viewer; indicate bar no. 1 (left column)

Defines the imperfection (automatic imperfection according to EC3) for the column




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LMC the field with the list of defined attributes, select the defined imperfection type During_Assembly

Selects the imperfection type (it will be highlighted)

Move to the graphical viewer; select the bottom truss chord (bar no. 5)

Defines imperfection (defined by the user) for the bottom truss chord

Close Closes the Geometrical Imperfections dialog box

10.1.9 Definition of Load Cases

in the bottom status bar Restores a default set of attribute display

Loads / Load Types Opens the Load Types dialog box

LMC the New button Defines the load case with the nature: dead and standard name DL1

LMC the Nature field: Live (Live 1) Selects the load case nature: live

LMC the New button Defines the load case with the nature: live and standard name LL1

LMC the Close button Closes the Load Types dialog box

10.1.10 Definition of Loads for the Generated Load Cases

select 1: DL1

Selects case no. 1 - self-weight load DL1.

Loads / Load Definition Opens the Load Definition dialog box.

Select the Bar tab

Selects Uniform load.

Values: pZ: {-3} (kN), Add

Defines the value of the uniform load on the bar

LMC the Apply to field - enter the bars of the external envelope: 1 2 6 7

Defines the uniform load on the indicated bars - it models the weight of wall and roof cladding.

Apply Defines a load applied to the list of bars

select 2: LL1

Selects the live load case LL1.




Select the Node tab

Selects the Nodal Force load

Load parameters, X: {10} (kN) Z: {-100} (kN)

Defines values of the nodal load.

LMC the Add button provided in the bottom part of the dialog box

Move to the graphical viewer presenting the structure view and indicate (LMC) nodes no. 6 and 18

Defines the nodal load which models the overhead traveling crane load.

Close Closes the Load Definition dialog box.

10.1.11 Snow/Wind Load Generation

Loads / Special loads / Wind and Snow 2D/3D

Opens the Snow and Wind 2D/3D dialog box

Press the Auto button the Total depth field: 30, the Bay spacing field: 6 (m)

Automatically generates the external structure envelope for generation of snow/wind loads

Press the Parameters button Opens the additional dialog box (Snow/Wind Loads 2D/3D) in which detailed parameters may be defined. The default parameters will be adopted.

Generate, OK Pressing this button starts generation of snow/wind loads for the adopted parameters. On the screen calculation notes will be displayed presenting parameters of snow and wind load cases.

Close the text editor with the calculation notes

New load cases have been generated (wind and snow loads).

Close Closes the Snow and Wind 2D/3D dialog box

10.1.12 Generation of Automatic Code Combinations

Loads / Code Combinations Opens the Load Case Code Combinations dialog box according to EUROCODE.

LMC the Cases tab The dialog box contains the list of loads participating in the automatic combinations and information to which natures and groups they are assigned.




155

LMC the Relations tab In the Nature field select the following case types: dead, live, wind, snow

The dialog box contains the relations between cases and groups which determine the manner of combining the cases.

In the bottom part of the dialog box switch on the Simplified combinations option

Reduces the number of generated combinations by excluding those less dangerous.

Close Closes the code combination dialog box and saves the defined relations.

10.2 Structure Analysis and Result Verification

Analysis / Calculations Runs calculations.

Results / Stresses Opens the bar stress table.

LMC the Global extremes tab Calculates maximal stresses in bars. As it can be seen there is still a large reserve of structure load capacity

LMC in the top right table corner Closes the table.

File / Save Opens the dialog box for saving.

In the File name field enter the selected name of the example, e.g. Frame_EC3

The default saving format: RTD.

LMC the Save button Saves the example.

10.3 Elasto-Plastic Analysis

In addition, the analysis of accidental hitting the workshop column by the overhead traveling crane will be performed. In this case, the analysis in the plastic range will be considered.

10.3.1 Change of Load Case Definitions

Loads / Load Types Opens the Load Types dialog box

LMC the Delete all button Deletes all load cases

LMC the New button Defines the load case with the default nature and standard name DL1

Close Closes the Load Types dialog box





Selects the Nodal Force load.

Load parameters, X: {120} (kN) Z: {0}

Defines values of the nodal load.

LMC the Add button provided in the bottom part of the dialog box

Move to the graphical viewer with the structure view and indicate (LMC) node no. 18

Defines the nodal load - it models the accidental load resulting from the overhead traveling crane.


10.3.2 Structure Analysis

Analysis / Calculations Runs calculations

Locate the mouse cursor on the extreme column (bar 1) so that it becomes highlighted, RMC

Opens the context menu of the structure view.

Object Properties Activates the Bar properties option containing information about bar no.1.

The Code check tab Performs the simplified design of the steel bar. As it can be seen, it does not satisfy the conditions of code verification.

Close Closes the Bar properties dialog box.

10.3.3 Change of Bar Sections for Elasto-Plastic Analysis


LMC on HEA 240 on the section list Selects the current section

Opens the New Section dialog box with HEA 240 section selected

LMC the field next to the Elasto-plastic analysis button

Switches on the elasto-plastic analysis for the section selected. A new section name is defined: HEA 240EP

Add, Close Defines the section HEA 240EP, closes the New Section dialog box.

Move to the graphical viewer with the structure view and select (LMC) external columns (bars no. 1, 2)

Changes the section of the indicated bars to HEA 240EP section. Accept the warning of changing the result status to not available .




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In the Sections dialog box LMC on IPE 240 on the section list

Selects the current section

Opens the New Section dialog box with IPE 240 section selected

LMC the field next to the Elasto-plastic analysis button

Switches on the elasto-plastic analysis for the section selected. A new section name is defined: IPE 240EP

Add, Close Defines the section IPE 240EP, closes the New Section dialog box.

Move to the graphical viewer with the structure view and indicate (LMC) the beam (bar no. 4)

Changes the section of the indicated bar to IPE 240EP section.

Close in the Sections dialog box Closes the Sections dialog box.

10.3.4 Structure Analysis and Result Verification

Analysis / Calculations Runs calculations.

Results / Displacements Opens the node displacement table.

LMC the Global Extremes tab Calculates maximal displacements of nodes (see the figure below). As it can be seen, in spite of the work in the plastic range, the structure retains stability.

File / Save as Opens the saving dialog box.

In the File name field enter a selected name of the example e.g. Frame_EC3_EP

The default saving format - RTD.

LMC the Save button Saves the example.




11. Design of a Bar Structure with Added Masses

This example presents definition of a 3D steel frame shown in the figure below. Data units: (m) and (kN).

Added masses will be defined for the structure as well. They will participate in static and dynamic loads. The loads will include definition of body forces (inertia loads due to rectilinear acceleration forces) and centrifugal and angular acceleration forces (inertia loads due to rotational motion forces). The example comprises also modal and harmonic analyses.

NOTE: This example has been made in version 17.0 of the Robot Millennium program.

CASES 1 and 2 CASE 3 CASE 4

The following rules apply during structure definition: any icon symbol means that the relevant icon is pressed with the left mouse button, { x } stands for selection of the x option in the dialog box, LMC and RMC - abbreviations for the Left Mouse button Click and the Right Mouse button Click.

To start structure definition, run the Robot Millennium system (press the appropriate icon or select the command from the taskbar). In the vignette window (described in chapter 2.1) that will be

displayed on the screen, the last but one icon

(Frame 3D Design) in the first row should be selected.




159





The User tab, section type:

Defines a new round, tubular section with determined dimensions.

Label: O 100x5 d = 10.0 (cm) t = 0.5 Add

Defines the tubular section 100x5 (mm).

Label: O 75x3 d = 7.5 (cm) t = 0.3 Add, Close

Defines the tubular section 75x3 (mm).

Close Closes the Sections dialog box.


LMC on the BAR TYPE field and select type: Simple bar LMC on the SECTION field and select type: O 100x5


Drag Switches on the Drag option which enables definition of successive bars in such a way that an end of the previous bar is a beginning of the next bar.

LMC on the Beginning field (color of the field background changes to green)

Starts definition of structure bars (structure columns).

Indicate the point wih coordinates: (0,0,0) in the graphical viewer

Defines a bar beginning.

Press any digit key on the keyboard Displays the Point dialog box for numeric definition of nodes.




Key {Backspace}, { }, {3} Key { }, {3} Key { }, {3} Key { }, {3}, {Enter}

Defines bars that form a square.

Close in the Point dialog box Closes the Point dialog box.

LMC on the SECTION field and select type: O 75x3


Drag Switches off the Drag option.

LMC on the Beginning field (color of the field background changes to green)

Starts definition of structure bars (structure columns).

In the graphical viewer indicate the points with coordinates: (0, 0, 0) (3, 0, 3) (0, 0, 3) (3, 0, 0)

Defines two bars being diagonals of the square.

Close Closes the Bars dialog box.

View / Projection / 3D xyz Selects structure axonometric view.


LMC on the name: O 100x5 on the section list, Close

Selects the O 100x5 section as a default one and closes the Sections dialog box.

CTRL + A Selects all structure bars (they may also be selected with the window).


LMC on the (dX, dY, dZ) field and enter the coordinates (0, 2.5, 0)


LMC on the Number of repetitions field {3}

Defines how many times the copying operation is to be repeated.

Drag Switches on the Drag option that enables automatic definition of bars between copied nodes. The bars defined automatically are assigned the properties that are currently chosen as default ones.

Execute, Close Translates the structure and closes the Translation dialog box.




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Click on the graphical viewer on the point out of the structure

Switches off the current selection of bars and nodes.

View / Projection / Xy Selects 2D view of the structure in XY plane for Z=0.0.


In the Supports dialog box select the icon which stands for pinned support - Pinned (it will be highlighted)

Selects support type.

LMC on the Current selection field Selects structure nodes at which structure supports will be defined.

Switch to the graphical viewer;

keeping the left mouse button pressed

select with the window nodes of the top bar and (with Ctrl key pressed) nodes of the bottom bar

Enters the list of selected nodes: 1 4 13 16 to the Current selection field.

Apply, Close Assigns the selected support type to the selected structure nodes; closes the Supports dialog box.

LMC on the field for selection of the Robot Millennium system layouts Structure Model / Loads

Selects the layout of the Robot Millennium system which facilitates definition of structure loads (there are dialog box and table for load definition).

LMC on the New button in the Load Types dialog box

Defines the load case with the nature: self-weight and standard name DL1. In the first load case the self-weight of the whole structure is added automatically, which can be seen in the load table.

Displays the dialog box for view selection

Selects 2D view of the structure.




Selects XY projection plane (initially, for Z=0.0).

enter {3} {Enter} Close

Selects XY projection plane with the coordinate Z=3.0.

Closes the View dialog box.

Loads / Load Definition

Opens the dialog box fo load definition.

Self-weight and mass tab Goes to the tab for definition of self-weight loads and inertia loads.

Added masses - nodes

Opens the dialog box for definition of added masses.

Enter weight values (kG): X = 100 Y = 100 Z = 100

Apply to all cases Add

Defines nodal masses whose weight is 100 kG for translational degrees of freedom.

The masses will participate in all the load cases (static and dynamic ones).

LMC on the Apply to field Selects structure nodes at which nodal masses will be defined.


keeping the left mouse button pressed select with the window - all the nodes in the presented work plane

Enters the list of selected nodes: 2to14By4 3to15By4 to the Apply to field.

Apply, Close Applies defined added masses to selected structure nodes; closes the Load Definition dialog box.

View / Projection / 3D xyz Selects structure axonometric view.

LMC on the New button in the Load Types dialog box

Defines a new load case with the nature: self-weight and standard name: DL2.


Opens the dialog box for load definition.


Body forces

Opens the dialog box for definition of inertia loads due to rectilinear acceleration forces.

relative x g Enter a: Z = -1

Apply to added masses Add

Defines body forces with acceleration of gravity g for nodal masses, i.e. takes account of self-weight of added masses.




163

Apply, Close For the load applied to added masses object selection is not required because action of this load concerns all the masses assigned to a given load case. Closes the Load Definition dialog box.

In the Load Types dialog box select the load nature: live enter the case name: TRANSPORT LMC on the New button

Defines a new load case with the nature: live, named: TRANSPORT.

This load case is aimed at modeling the action of inertia forces on the frame and on additional masses due to rotational motion forces caused by (ship) rolling during transport.




Centrifugal and angular acceleration forces

Opens the dialog box for definition of inertia loads due to rotational motion forces, i.e. angular acceleration forces (tangential forces) and velocity forces (centrifugal forces).

Enter coordinates of the rotation center C: (0.0, 0.0, -5.0) Enter to Centrifugal velocity and acceleration (Rad/..): vX = 0,5 aX = 0,2 vY = 0,2 aY = 0,1 Add

Defines inertia forces due to rotational motion about point C. Rotation about X axis with velocity v= 0.5 (rad/s) and acceleration a= 0.2 (rad/s2). Rotation about Y axis with velocity v= 0.2 (rad/s) and acceleration a= 0.1 (rad/s2).

LMC on the Apply to field Selects structure elements for which centrifugal and angular acceleration forces will be defined.

Click on the graphical viewer; { Ctrl + A }

Selects the whole structure. Enters the list of all bars to the Apply to field.

Apply Defines the load.

Centrifugal and angular acceleration forces

Opens again the dialog box for definition of inertia loads due to rotational motion forces.

Apply to added masses Add

For the current load parameters - selects the option enabling definition of load generated by added masses.

Apply, Close Defines the load; for the load applied to added masses object selection is not required because action of this load concerns all the masses assigned to a given load case. Closes the Load Definition dialog box.

In the Load Types dialog box, for the load nature: live enter the case name: ROTOR LMC on the New button

Defines the new load case with the nature: live, named: ROTOR.

This load case is aimed at modeling operation of the equipment mounted on the frame by considering its weight and vibrating force in hamonic analysis.






Node tab

Nodal force

Opens the dialog box for definition of loads due to nodal forces.

Enter: FZ = -0,5 (kN) Add

Defines the nodal force. Afterwards, this load will be used in harmonic analysis as an excitation load.

LMC on the Apply to field Selects structure nodes at which nodal forces will be applied.


keeping the left mouse button pressed select with the window - four middle nodes on the top plane of the frame

Enters the list of selected nodes: 6 7 10 11 to the Apply to field.

Apply Assigns defined forces to selected structure nodes.


Added masses nodes

Opens the dialog box for definition of added masses.

Enter Values of weight (kG): X = 0 Y = 0 Z = 200

Apply to all cases Add

Defines nodal masses with weight 200 kG for the direction of freedom Z. Masses are defined only for the current load case.

LMC on the Apply to field Selects structure nodes at which added masses will be defined.


keeping the left mouse button pressed select with the window - four middle nodes on the top plane of the frame

Enters the list of selected nodes: 6 7 10 11 to the Apply to field.




165

Apply, Close Applies defined added masses to the selected structure nodes; closes the Load Definition dialog box.

Analysis / Analysis Types Opens the Analysis Type dialog box.

In the dialog box on the load case list select

with LMC

the following

case:

Selects the current case.

Change analysis type Opens the Change Analysis Type dialog box.

Harmonic analysis OK

Changes the analysis type for case 4 to harmonic analysis.

Opens the Harmonic Analysis Parameters dialog box.

Frequency enter: 20 (Hz) OK

Defines parameters of harmonic analysis. Accepts the parameters and closes the dialog box.

New Opens the New Case Definition dialog box.

Modal OK

Selects modal analysis.

OK Accepts default parameters of modal analysis and closes the dialog box.

Close Closes the Analysis Type dialog box.

Loads / Mass Table Opens the table of added masses.

LMC on the first column for mass definition FZ=200(kG)

Changes the case to which added masses are assigned.

Masses may be assigned to a single case or to all static or dynamic cases.

Set the following on the list: dynamic

{Enter}

Assigns the mass to all dynamic cases, i.e., in this example, to cases of harmonic and modal analyses.

LMC on the Values tab in the table Goes to the Values tab, checks definitions of added masses.

in the mass table Closes the Added masses table.

Loads / Combinations Opens the Combination Definition / Modification dialog box.

OK in the dialog box for definition of combination parameters

Accepts combination parameters. Opens the Combinations dialog box.

Select case 1 from Case list, enter the factor to the Factor field

Defines combination cases and factors. Note: if auto is selected in the Factor field, then

combination factors will be adopted automatically according to the code assumed in Job Preferences.




LMC on for the selected case, next, repeat the selection for cases nos. 2 and 3, Apply

Defines the combination of cases 1+2+3, as shown below:

New Defines a new combination.

OK in the dialog box for definition of combination parameters

Accepts combination parameters; opens the Combinations dialog box.

Select cases and move them to the

field with combination definition

for cases 1, 2 and 4. Apply, Close

Defines the combination of cases 1+2+4; closes the Combinations dialog box.

11.2 Calculations and Result Analysis

Starts calculations of the defined structure.

LMC on the field for selection of layouts of the Robot Millennium system Results / Results

Opens the RESULTS layout of the Robot Millennium system. The monitor screen will then be split into three parts: graphical viewer with a structure model, Diagrams dialog box and table presenting reaction values.

RMC, Display Opens the dialog box for selection of structure attributes to be displayed.

LMC on the Loads tab Goes to the tab for selection of structure attributes concerned with loads to be displayed.

Symbols

Forces generated automatcally OK

Switches on display of forces that are generated automatically for certain types of loads.




167

On the top selection bar

select 2: DL2

Selects the current load case, the program displays nodal forces generated automatically for added masses in the body force load.

On the top selection bar:

select 3: TRANSPORT

Selects the current load case, the program displays linear and nodal foces generated automatically for added masses and bars in the rotational motion load.

LMC on in the bottom toolbar Restores the default set of displayed attributes.

Select the Deformation tab in the Diagrams dialog box Switch on the Deformation option

Selects presentation of structure deformations for the selected load case.

LMC on the Apply button Presents structure deformations (see the figure below); similarly, diagrams of other quantities available in the Diagrams dialog box may be presented.

Switch off the Deformation option in the Diagrams dialog box, Apply

Results / Stresses Opens the Stresses result table.





enter 6 and 7 {Enter}

Selects the combination 6 and 7 as the current case in the table.

RMC in the table Table Columns

Opens the Bar value selection dialog box from the context menu in the table.

Switch off the stress options:

axial

bending OK

Excludes the columns with results for stresses due to axial forces and bending from the table. Closes the dialog box with parameters.

LMC on the Global extremes tab in the table

Goes to the tab where maximum and minimum values are displayed for the quantities and selection set in the table.

in the stress table Closes the Stresses table.

Results / Advanced / Modal Analysis

Opens the Dynamic Analysis Results table.


select case 5: Modal

Select the modal analysis case.

As it can be seen, the frequency of harmonic excitation (20 Hz) does not cause resonance with values of eigenvibration frequency.

in the table Closes the Dynamic Analysis Results table.




169

12. Definition of a PushOver Analysis Case

The example presents a definition of a PushOver analysis. The approach allows the user to estimate the state of a structure after an earthquake based on the capacity curve (which is the result of the analysis) and on the assigned code coefficients defining the seismic zone. A simple 3D steel frame presented below will be defined in the example. Data units: (ft) and (kip).



the last but one icon in the first row (Frame 3D Design) should be selected.









While the graphical field is displaying the structure view as active (highlighted), select from the menu: View / Projection / Yz

The structure will be presented as projected on the yz plane (x coordinate is assumed to equal 0).


Selects bar properties. The section from the American section database (AISC) has been used. Note: If the W 12x96 section is not available on the list, the

user should press the ( ) button located beside the Section field and add this section to the active section list in the New section dialog box



Enter the following points in the Beginning and End fields. (0,0,0) (0,0,11.5), Add (0,0,11.5) (0,0,23), Add (0,20,0) (0,20,11.5), Add (0,20,11.5) (0,20,23), Add

Defines four columns of the frame.

LMC on the Bar Type field in the Bars dialog box and select Beam

LMC on the Section field and select (HP 10x42)

Starts definition of a beam and selects its properties. The section from the American section database (AISC) has been used. Note: If the HP 10x42 section is not available on the list, the

user should press the ( ) button located beside the Section field and add this section to the active section list in the New section dialog box


Starts definition of beams in the structure.

Enter the following points in the Beginning and End fields. (0,0,11.5) (0,20,11.5), Add (0,0,23) (0,20,23), Add

Defines two beams.

LMC on the Bar Type field in the Bars dialog box and select Simple bar LMC on the Section field and select (L 1.5x1.5x0.1875)

Starts definition of bracings and selects their properties. The section from the American section database (AISC) has been used. Note: If the L 1.5x1.5x0.1875 section is not available on the

list, the user should press the ( ) button located beside the Section field and add this section to the active section list in the New section dialog box


Starts definition of bracings in the structure.




171

Enter the following points to the Beginning and End fields. (0,0,0) (0,20,11.5), Add (0,20,0) (0,0,11.5), Add (0,0,11.5) (0,20,23), Add (0,20,11.5) (0,0,23), Add

Defines four bracings.


Selects the Robot Millennium layout which allows support definition.

In the Supports dialog box, LMC on the Current Selection field (the cursor is blinking in the field)

Selects the structure nodes for which supports will be defined.

Switch to the graphic viewer; pressing the left mouse button select with the window all the lower column nodes

Selected nodes 1 and 4 will be entered to the Current. Selection field.



LMC on the Apply button Selected support type will be assigned to the chosen structure nodes; the defined structure is displayed in the drawing below.

LMC on the field for selection of the Robot Millennium program layout Structure Model/Start

Selection of the initial Robot Millennium program layout.

View / Projection / YZ

View / Display Move to the Structure tab Switch on display of numbers of nodes and bars as well as supports.

Geometry / Properties / Sections Selects the bar section.

From the Sections dialog box select the HP 12x63 section

The selected section will be assigned to the bars created by the dragging option - e.g. Translate with the Drag option turned on.




LMC on the Close button Closes the Sections dialog box.

View / Projection / 3d xyz Selects the isometric structure view.

LMC in the list of the bar selection

Enter the numbers of all columns and beams press Enter on the keyboard

Selects all columns and beams, i.e. bars 1 to 6.

LMC in the list of the node selection

Enter the numbers of the beam nodes press Enter on the keyboard

Selects beginning and end nodes of both beams, i.e. nodes 2 3 5 6.


LMC on the Drag check box Turns on the dragging option so that the successive copies of the selected nodes are joined together by bars.

LMC on the Number of repetitions field and enter the value: (2)

Defines the number of repetitions for the performed translation operations.

LMC on the Translation vector field and enter the vector: (20,0,0)


LMC on the Execute button Copies the selected elements.

LMC on the View edit viewer Click on the screen ouside the structure to clear the bar and node selection lists.

LMC in the list of the bar selection

Enter the numbers of all bracings press Enter on the keyboard

Selects all bracings, i.e. bars 7 to 10.

LMC on the Number of repetitions field and enter the value: (1)

Defines the number of repetitions for the performed translation operations.

LMC on the Translation vector field and enter the vector: (40,0,0)


Execute, Close Translates the bracings and closes the Translation dialog box.




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12.2 Definition of the PushOver Analysis Case

LMC on the box for selection of the Robot Millennium layout Structure Model/Loads

Selects the Robot Millennium program layout allowing for the structure load definition.

LMC on the New button located in the Load Types dialog box


Analysis / Analysis types Opens the Analysis Type dialog box.

LMC on the New button Opens the New Case Definition dialog box.

LMC on the OK button Opens the Modal Analysis Parameters dialog box.

LMC on the OK button Defines a new modal analysis case with the default parameters assigned.

LMC on the New button Opens the New Case Definition dialog box.

LMC on the PushOver option LMC on the OK button

Opens the dialog box for definition of the PushOver analysis case.

LMC on the Case field: PushOver Defines the name of the PushOver case.

LMC on the Node number field: (3) Defines the controlling node, the displacement of this node is checked at each load increment.

LMC on the Direction field, select: (UX+)

Defines direction of an external factor affecting the structure in the global coordinate system.

LMC on the Maximum displacement field: 8 (in)

Defines the maximum displacement in the selected node.

LMC on the According to unit acceleration in the given direction option

Defines the method of the load definition.

LMC on the Parameters button Opens the dialog box for definition of the Arc-length method parameters.




LMC on the Load increment number field: (20)

Defines the number of the load increments.

LMC on the OK button Applies the changes and closes the dialog box.

While in the Push over dialog box LMC on the OK button

Closes the Push over dialog box and defines a new PushOver case.

LMC on the Close button in the Analysis Type dialog box

Closes the Analysis Type dialog box.

LMC in the list of the load case selection

select the modal case: (2)

Selects the modal case.


While on the Self-weight and mass

tab LMC on the Added masses - nodes

icon

Opens the Nodal mass dialog box.

LMC on the X field: 22 (kip) LMC on the Y field: 22 (kip) LMC on the Z field: 22 (kip)

Defines the values of the added masses.

LMC on the Add button Accepts the definition of added masses.

While in the Load Definition dialog box LMC on the Apply to field: (all) Apply, Close

Applies the added masses to all the nodes. Closes the Load Definition dialog box.

12.3 Definition of a Non-linear Hinge



Geometry / Additional attributes / Non-linear Hinges

Opens the Non-linear Hinges dialog box.

LMC on the New hinge type icon

Opens the Non-linear Hinge Definition dialog box.

LMC on the Label field: Hinge_1 Defines the name of the hinge label.

LMC on the Definition of hinge model button

Opens the Definition of non-linear hinge model dialog box.

LMC on the Model name field: Model_MY

Defines the name of the hinge model.




175

LMC on the Add button Creates the hinge model.

LMC on the Points tab Switches to the Points tab.

LMC on the following fields: point B column X: (0.01) point B column Y: (37) point C column X: (0.05) point C column Y: (45) point D column X: (0.05) point D column Y: (8) point E column X: (0.09) point E column Y: (8)

Creates a diagram of the hinge model (see the drawing below).

LMC on the Parameters tab Switches to the Parameters tab.

LMC on the Type field, select: (moment-rotation)

Defines the type of the hinge, in that case it is moment versus rotation, thus the previously defined column Y stands for moment and X stands for rotation.




LMC on the Unloading method and select: (elastic)

Defines the unloading method, in that case return is carried out along the same path as while loading.

LMC on the OK button Accepts the definition of the hinge model, closes the dialog box.

While in the Non-linear Hinge Definition dialog box: LMC on the MY option (if necessary LMC on the other check boxes to deactivate them)

It activates the MY option.

LMC on the MY field and select: (Model_MY)

Selects previously defined hinge model.

Add, Close Accepts the definition of the hinge label and closes the Non-linear Hinge Definition dialog box.

While in the Non-linear Hinges dialog box: select the Hinge_1 label

Selects the previously defined hinge label.

LMC on the relative option LMC on the x= field: (0.1)

Sets the relative postion on the bar as x=0.1.

LMC on the Current Selection field: 1, 3, 15, 17, 25, 27, Apply

Applies the label Hinge_1 at the relative position x=0.1 to the lower colums.

LMC on the Current Selection field: 11to14, 19to24, Apply

Applies the label Hinge_1 at the relative position x=0.1 to the all beams except for the ones from the braced walls.

LMC on the relative option LMC on the x= field: (0.9)

Sets the relative postion on the bar to x=0.9.

LMC on the Current Selection field: 11to14, 19to24, Apply

Applies the label Hinge_1 at the relative position x=0.9 to all the beams except for the ones from the braced walls.

Close Closes the Non-linear Hinges dialog box.




177


Starts calculations of the defined structure

LMC on the box for selection of the Robot Millennium program layouts Results/Results

Opens the RESULTS layout of the Robot Millennium program. The screen will be divided into three parts: a graphic viewer containing the structure model, the Diagrams dialog box and a table with reaction values.

12.5 Result Analysis

Select: (3: Push over)

Displays results for the push over case.

Select the NTM tab from the Diagrams dialog box Turn on the MY moment option

Displays the structure MY moment for the selected load case.

Select the Deformation tab from the Diagrams dialog box Turn on the Deformation option

Displays the structure deformation for the selected load case.

LMC on the Apply button Displays structure deformation and MY moment diagram.

Loads / Select Case Component Opens the Case component dialog box.

LMC on the Current component field

Goes through the components up to the Number of components.

Close Closes the Case component dialog box.

Turn off the MY moment and Deformation option in the dialog box, Apply

Turns off result display.

12.6 Results - Diagrams of PushOver Analysis

Results / Advanced / PushOver Analysis - Diagrams

Opens the Pushover analysis dialog box.

LMC on the Add button Opens the Diagram definition dialog box.

LMC on the UX option Displays the UX displacement diagram.

LMC on the Case field and select:

(3: Push over) Selects the PushOver case.

LMC on the Node field: (3) Selects node 3 for which the UX displacement diagram is created.




Add, Close Confirms the definition of the diagram and closes the Diagram definition dialog box. Note that the default diagram name is: 3_Displacement_UX_3

While in the Pushover analysis dialog box:

LMC on the button

Moves all the diagrams from the Available diagrams panel to the Presented diagrams panel.

LMC on the Apply button Opens the Diagrams of push over analysis viewer with Presented diagrams displayed.

While in the Diagrams of push over analysis viewer LMC on the cross in the upper right corner While in the Pushover analysis dialog box LMC on the Close button

Closes the Diagrams of push over analysis viewer and the Pushover analysis dialog box.

12.7 Results Capacity Curve

Results / Advanced / Capacity curve Opens the PushOver curve dialog box.

LMC on the Apply button Opens the Pushover curve diagrams viewer with Displacement - reaction sum diagram displayed.

LMC on the Diagram type field and select: (Capacity spectrum)

Selects the type of a diagram to be displayed in the viewer.

LMC on the Selected demand spectrum option

Activates the display of selected demand spectrum.

LMC on the Lines of constant period option

Activates the display of constant period lines.

LMC on the Reduced spectra (damping) option

Activates the display of reduced spectra.

LMC on the Histeretic damping B option

Selects the structure type B.

LMC on the Apply button Displays the capacity curve.




179

13. RC Beam Design - ACI Code (Robot Stand-Alone Mode)

This example presents the definition, analysis and design of an RC beam. Data units: (ft), (kip), (kip*ft), (ksi). Code: ACI 318/99

The following rules apply during beam definition: any icon symbol means that the relevant icon is pressed with the left mouse button, ( x ) stands for selection of the x option in the dialog box or entering the x value, LMC and RMC - abbreviations for the Left Mouse button Click and the Right Mouse button Click, LMD and RMD - abbreviations for the Left Mouse button Double click and the Right Mouse button Double click.


the icon in the third row (RC Beam Design) should be selected.

NOTE: The American material database has been used in this example.

13.1 Configuration (Program Preferences)


Tools / Preferences Opens the Preferences dialog box.

LMC on the Languages option in the Preferences tree

Selects the Languages option dialog box.

LMC on the Regional Settings field and select United States

Defines the United States settings as default Regional Settings.

OK Sets the new preferences and closes the dialog box.

Tools / Job Preferences Opens the Job Preferences dialog box.

LMC on the Units and Format option in the Job Preferences tree

Selects the Units and Format option dialog box.

LMC on the Imperial button inside the Default Units field

Defines Imperial units as Default Units.


NOTE: It is necessary to perform actions described above if the program has not been installed in the English version or the Windows® operating system has not had the US regional settings.




13.2 Beam Design


Twice LMC on the Add Span button in the Elevation Definition dialog box

LMC on the Cantilever Right field Defines a right side cantilever.

LMC on the Span Geometry tab Switches to the Span Geometry tab.

Select graphically the cantilever. LMC in the Length field and enter value 5.0, Apply

LMC on the middle span on the Elevation - Beam viewer

Selects graphically the middle span of the beam.

LMC in the Length field end enter 12+1/2*12= Apply

Defines the middle span length using a simple mathematical operation in Robot Millennium edit field.

LMC in the Width field (Left support) and enter 1ft8in= LMC on the Width field (Right support) and enter 1ft8in= Apply

Defines the support width using a unit conversion in Robot Millennium edit field.

LMC in the middle span in the Elevation - Beam viewer


LMC on the h field (Basic Dimensions) in the Section Definition dialog box and enter value 30.0 (in), Apply

LMC on the box for selection of the Robot Millennium layout RC Beam / Beam - openings

Selects the Robot Millennium program layout allowing for the beam opening definition. The screen will be divided into three parts: a graphic viewer containing the beam elevation at the upper side, a Beam - openings table in bottom left side and the Openings dialog box at bottom right side.

LMC on the middle span on the Elevation - Beam viewer


LMC in the Name field of the Openings dialog box and enter A as the opening name

Defines the opening name.

LMC on the Start field and select left upper

Defines the coordinate system of the opening position.




181

LMC on the X Local field and enter value 8.5, next LMC on the Z Local field and enter value 2.0

Defines the opening position on the span.

LMC on the Adjoining beam option Defines the opening type.

LMC on the Lx field and enter value 1.0, next LMC on the Lz field and enter value 2.0

Defines opening dimensions.

Add Adds the A opening to the span.

LMC on the cantilever on the Elevation - Beam viewer

Selects graphically the beam s cantilever.

LMC on the Name field of the Openings dialog box and enter B as the opening name

Defines the opening name.

LMC on the Round option Defines the opening type.

LMC on the X Local field and enter value 2.0, next LMC on the Z Local field and enter value 1.0

Defines the opening position on the span.

LMC on the D field and enter value 1.0

Defines opening dimensions.

Add Adds the B opening to the span.

LMC on the box for selection of the Robot Millennium layout RC Beam / Beam - loads

Selects the Robot Millennium program layout allowing for the beam loads definition. The screen will be divided into three parts: a graphic viewer containing the beam static model at the upper side, a Beam - loads table in bottom left side and the Loads dialog box at bottom right side.

, Add

Defines a self-weight load.




Select live load

LMC on the Value p1 field and enter value 2.0, Add

Select concentrated

Select live load

LMC on the Suspended option

LMC on the Value F field and enter value 12.0, Add

Analysis / Calculation options Opens the Calculation options dialog box.

LMC on the Concrete tab. LMC in the list of the typical concrete resistance. Select fc =4.0 ksi concrete

Defines concrete parameters.

LMC on the Longitudinal reinforcement tab. LMC in the steel list. Select Grade 60 steel.

Defines longitudinal reinforcement steel grade.

LMC on the None button (Bar list) to remove the default bars list. LMC in the #8, #9, #10, #11 options to define acceptable bar list

Defines the longitudinal reinforcement acceptable bar list.

LMC on the Transversal reinforcement tab. LMC on the steel list. Select Grade 40 steel.

Defines the transversal reinforcement steel grade.

LMC on the #6 option to add bar #6 to acceptable bar list.

Defines transversal reinforcement acceptable bar list.

LMC on the Save As button Opens Enter the name dialog box.

LMC on the edit control, highlight Standard text and enter test_rnf as a new name, OK, OK

Saves user calculation options.

Analysis / Reinforcement Pattern Opens the Reinforcement Pattern dialog box.




183

LMC on the Transversal reinforcement tab

LMC on the Suspended load button

LMC on the second Reinforcement Method option, OK

See the picture on the next page.

LMC on the Structural Reinforcement tab

LMC on the Consideration of load capacity option, OK

Analysis / Calculation Opens the Calculation Option Set dialog box.

LMC on the When the calculations are completed go to the: Results layout option

LMC on the Calculations button Starts the calculations

LMC on the OK button in the Reinforcement concrete and Calculation Errors dialog boxes.

Accepts the calculation warning: Axial force will not be taken into consideration in calculations.

LMC on the Span option Defines range of the graphic viewer.

Select Reinforcement




Select Deflection

LMC on the box for selection of the Robot Millennium layout RC Beam / Beam - reinforcement

Selects the Robot Millennium program layout allowing for the beam reinforcement presentation. The screen will be divided into four parts: two graphic viewers containing the beam elevation at the upper right side and beam section at the upper left side, a Beam - Reinforcement Table at bottom right side and Reinforcing bars dialog box at bottom left side.

Results / Calculation note Opens the Calculation note dialog box.

LMC on OK button Generates the calculation note.

LMC on the cross in the upper right corner

Closes the Calculation note editor.

File / Save Project Component As Opens the Project Component Save dialog box.

LMC on the cross near Standard Level field in the Structure tree

Unfolds the Standard Level sub-tree.

LMD on the Beam1 field Highlights Beam1 - standard sub-project name.

Enter My beam in the highlighted field, OK

Renames the subproject name.

LMC on the OK button in the Robot message box

Accepts data saving on the standard project.

Enter the following text: Examples Beam ACI in the File Name field in Widows® Save As dialog box, Save

Saves Robot Millennium project as Examples Beam ACI.rtd file.




185

Results / Drawings Generates Final Drawings. The Robot Millennium program layout is changed automatically.

File / Print Opens the Print dialog box.

OK Prints final drawings of reinforcement.




14. RC Column Design - ACI Code (Robot Stand-Alone Mode)

This example presents the definition, analysis and design of an RC column. Data units: (ft), (kip), (kip*ft), (ksi). Code: ACI 318/99

The following rules apply during column definition: any icon symbol means that the relevant icon is pressed with the left mouse button, ( x ) stands for selection of the x option in the dialog box or entering the x value, LMC and RMC - abbreviations for the Left Mouse button Click and the Right Mouse button Click. LMD and RMD - abbreviations for the Left Mouse button Double click and the Right Mouse button Double click.


the icon in the third row (RC Column Design) should be selected.

NOTE: The American material database has been used in this example.




LMC on the field Languages in Preferences tree

Selects the Languages option tab.

LMC on the Regional Settings field and select the United States



LMC on the field Units and Format in Job Preferences tree

Selects the Units and Format option tab.


Defines the Imperial units as Default Units.

OK Applies new preference.

NOTE: It is necessary to perform actions described above if the program has not been installed in the English version or the Windows® operating system has not had the US regional settings.




187

14.2 Column Design


LMC on the b field on the Section Definition dialog box and enter value 18.0 (in)

Defines a column section width.

LMC on the h field on the Section Definition dialog box and enter value 18.0 (in)

Defines a column section height.

LMC on the Label field and enter 18in-18in

Defines a column section name.

OK Applies the section definition.

Structure / Dimensions Opens the Elevation Dimensions dialog box.

LMC on the L field and enter value 16.0

Defines the column height.

LMC on the Hb field and enter value 2.0

Defines a beam thickness.

LMC on the Hp field and enter 10in = Defines a slab thickness using a unit conversion in Robot edit field.

OK Accepts definition of the Elevation Dimensions.

Structure / Buckling Length Opens the Buckling Length dialog box.

LMC on the Sway option inside the Direction Y field

Defines the structure type in the Y direction.

inside the Direction Y field

Opens the Sway structure dialog box.

, OK

Defines the buckling coefficient 1.60 for typical structure -column in a weak beam.

inside the Direction Z field

Opens the Non - Sway structure dialog box.




LMC

Opens the Adjoining Beam Parameters - Z - ACI318/99 dialog box.

Unfold the Section list at the second row. Select the B8x16 section

Selects the left side adjoining beam section.

LMC on the Length field at the second row. Enter value 25.0

Defines the left side adjoining beam length.

Unfold the Section list at the third row. Select the B8x16 section

Selects the right side adjoining beam section.

LMC on the Length field at the third row. Enter value 25.0

Define the right side adjoining beam length.

Unfold the Section list at the fourth row. Select the 18in-18in section

Selects the top column section.

LMC on the Length field at the fourth row. Enter value 25.0

Define the top column length.

OK Define the buckling coefficient 0.68 by frame node stiffness (adjoining element stiffness).

Apply, Close Applies definition of the Buckling Length.

Structure / Loads Opens the Loads dialog box.

LMC on the Nature at first record of Loads table field. Unfold list and select the dead load

Selects Nature of the new load case.

Enter the following forces in the N, Myt, Myb, Mnsy/My, Mzt, Mzb,

fields (300.0, 30.0, 30.0, 0.10, 25.0, 20.0, 1.0)

Defines a dead load with a standard name DL1

LMC on the Nature at second record of Loads table field. Unfold list and select the live load



fields (250.0, 10.0, 20.0, 0.50, 10.0, 20.0, 0.50)

Defines a live load with a standard name LL1

LMC on the Nature at third record of Loads table field. Unfold list and select the wind



fields (20.0, 10.0, 5.0, 1.0, 30.0, 80.0, 0.0),

OK

Defines a wind load with a standard name WIND1




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LMC in the C field inside Cover frame and enter value 2.0in

Defines a size of the cover.

LMC on the Fixed option Defines the cover size as a fixed value.

LMC on the tab Concrete. LMC in the list of the typical concrete resistance. Select fc =5.5ksi concrete


LMC on the Longitudinal reinforcement tab

Changes to the Longitudinal reinforcement tab.

LMC on the None button in Bar list frame to remove the default bar list. LMC on the #9, #10, #11 option to define acceptable bar list


LMC on the Transversal reinforcement tab

Changes to the Transversal reinforcement tab.

LMC on the #3 option to switch off this bar and LMC on the #6 option to add bar #6 to acceptable bar list

Defines the transversal reinforcement acceptable bar list.

LMC on the Save As

button Opens the Enter the name dialog box.

LMC on the edit field, highlight Standard text and enter test_rnf as a new name, OK OK


Analysis / Calculations Opens the Calculation Option Set dialog box.

LMC on the When the calculations are completed go to the: Results layout option LMC on the Calculations button

Defines change of the Robot Millennium layout after calculation.

LMC on the first field in the Intersection dialog box

Press Down Arrow on the keyboard Changes the current combination.




LMC on the Close button in the Intersection dialog box

Closes the Intersection dialog box.

LMC on the box for selection of the Robot Millennium layout RC Column / Column - reinforcement

Selects the Robot Millennium program layout allowing for the beam reinforcement presentation. The screen will be divided into four parts: two graphic viewers containing the beam elevation at the upper right side and beam section at the upper left side, a Column - Reinforcement Table at bottom right side and Reinforcing bars dialog box at bottom left side.


LMC on the cross next to the Standard Level field in the Structure tree

Expands the Standard Level tree.

LMD on the Column1 field Highlights Column1 - standard sub project name.

Enter text My column in the highlight field, OK

Renames the subproject name.

LMC on the OK button in the Robot message box

Accepts data saving on the standard project.

Enter the following text: Examples Column ACI in File Name field in the Widows® Save As dialog box Save

Saves the Robot Millennium project as Examples Column ACI.rtd file.


LMC on the box for selection of the Robot Millennium layout RC Column / Column - reinforcement

Selects the Robot Millennium program layout allowing for the column reinforcement presentation.


LMC on the Shapes tab

LMC on the icon near the Stirrup option

Opens the Stirrup dialog box.

, OK

Changes the Stirrups shape.

LMC on the icon near the Main option

Opens the Main dialog box.

, OK, OK

Changes the main reinforcement shape.




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LMC on the When the calculations are completed go to the: Current layout option, Calculations

Defines change of the Robot Millennium layout after calculation.

LMC on the No. field in the first record in Reinforcement Table - General tab

Selects the main reinforcement.

LMC on the Shape Parameters tab in the Bar properties dialog box

LMC on the C field and enter value 3in=, Apply

Defines the hook length.


Creates a new project component with a standard name Column2.

Enter the following text: My column v.2 in highlight field, OK

Renames a standard component.




Analysis / Drawing Parameters Opens the Drawing Parameters dialog box.

LMC on the Add drawing to the list option, OK

Results / Drawings Generates Final Drawings. Robot Millennium program layout is changed automatically.

Insert / Reinforcement table Adds new drawings with global reinforcement table.




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15. RC Foundation Design - ACI Code (Robot Stand-Alone Mode)

This example presents the definition, analysis and design of an RC spread footing. Data units: (ft), (kip), (kip*ft), (ksi). Code: ACI 318/99

The following rules apply during foundation definition: any icon symbol means that the relevant icon is pressed with the left mouse button, ( x ) stands for selection of the x option in the dialog box or entering the x value, LMC and RMC - abbreviations for the Left Mouse button Click and the Right Mouse button Click. LMD and RMD - abbreviations for the Left Mouse button Double click and the Right Mouse button Double click.


the icon in the third row (Foundation Design) should be selected.

NOTE: The American material and soil databases have been used in this example.




LMC on the Languages option in the Preferences tree

Selects the Languages option dialog box.

LMC on the Regional Settings field and select United States




LMC on the Units and Format option in the Job Preferences tree

Selects the dialog box for the Units and Format option.


Defines Imperial units as Default Units.

LMC on the cross-box next to the Units and Format field in the Job Preferences tree

Unfold the Units and Format sub tree.

LMC on the Forces in Units and Format

Selects the dialog box for Forces option.




Click twice

next to the Stress unit

define field

Changes the unit display precision.


Note: It is necessary to perform actions described above if the program has not been

installed in the English version or the Windows® operating system has not had the US regional settings.

15.2 Simple Footing Design


Enter the following geometry parameters in the A and B field. A=9.0, B=9.0, Apply

Defines the foundation geometry.

LMC on the Pier tab and change the Pier column type to Plain, Apply

Selects the pier type.


LMC on the Concrete tab. LMC on the list of the typical concrete resistance. Select fc =4.0ksi concrete


LMC on the Longitudinal reinforcement tab. LMC on the steel list. Select Grade 40 steel

Defines the longitudinal reinforcement steel grade.

LMC on the None button (Bar list) to remove the default bar list. LMC on the #6, #7, #8, #9 options to define acceptable bar list


LMC on the Transversal reinforcement tab. LMC on the steel list. Select Grade 40 steel.

Defines the transversal reinforcement steel grade.

LMC on the #3 option to switch off this bar and LMC on the #6 option to add bar #6 to acceptable bar list.

Defines the transversal reinforcement acceptable bar list.

LMC on the Save As button Opens the Enter the name dialog box.

LMC on the edit control, highlight Standard text and enter test_rnf as a new name, OK


OK Closes the Calculation options dialog box.




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Foundations / Foundations - load

Selects the Robot Millennium program layout allowing for the foundations load definition. The screen will be divided into four parts: a graphic viewer containing the foot model at the upper right side, the Foundations - load and Foundations - site dialog boxes at upper central and upper left side and a table with foundation load values at center.

Selects the forces type.

Enter the following forces in the N, Fx, Fy, Mx, My fields (55.0, 10.0, -20.0, 15.0, -15.0), Add

Defines a dead load with a standard name DL1

live load

Selects the type of a load case: live.

Enter the following forces in the N, Fx, Fy, Mx, My fields (30.0, 10.0, -20.0, 15.0, -15.0), Add

Defines a live load with a standard name LL1

wind

Selects the type of a load case: wind.

Enter the following forces in the N, Fx, Fy, Mx, My fields (20.0, -25.0, 10.0, -10.0, -25.0), Add

Defines a live load with a standard name WIND1

LMC on the box for selection of the Robot Millennium layout Foundations / Foundations - soil

Selects the Robot Millennium program layout allowing for the foundations soil definition. The screen will be divided into two parts: Foundations - site dialog boxes at upper left side and Foundations - soil dialog box at central with graphic viewer containing the foot model and soil layers, soil table and backfill parameters.




LMC in the Backfill heights N1 field and enter the value: (2.0)

Defines a Backfill height.

LMC on the Pier level Na field and enter 8in=

Defines a column Pier level using a Robot Millennium control unit conversion (in -> ft).

LMC on the Minimum reference level Nf field and enter the value (-1.5)

Defines a Minimum reference level.

LMC on the Name field in the first record in soil table and unfold the list of available soils. Select the Very fine sands.

Selects the typical soil (Very fine sands) from Robot Millennium soil database.

Switch on the Stress Allowable option. LMC on the edit field (Stress) and enter the value (0.0138).

LMC on the Apply button Applies the soil definition.

LMC on the box for selection of the Robot Millennium layout Foundations / Foundations - result

Selects the Robot Millennium program layout allowing for a presentation of foundations calculation result. The screen will be divided into two parts: a graphic viewer containing the foot model at the left side, Foundations - result dialog boxes at right side.




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LMC on the Capacity button in the Foundations - Results dialog box

Selects the design combination for capacity.

LMC on the Punching / Shear button in the Foundations - Results dialog box

Selects the design combination for punching.


LMC on the Calculations button Starts the Calculations and optimization for the defined foundation.

LMC on the box for selection of the Robot Millennium layout Foundations / Foundations - Reinforcement

Selects the Robot Millennium program layout allowing for a presentation of foundation reinforcement. The screen will be divided into five parts: three graphic viewers containing footing model projections, Foundation - Reinforcement Table and Reinforcing bars dialog box.

LMC on the No. field in the fourth record on the Reinforcement Table - General tab.

Selects the bottom reinforcement in Y direction.

Opens the Main Bar shape dialog box.

, OK

Selects the new shape.

Apply Applies the new shape to reinforcement in Y direction.

LMC on the No. field in the fifth record on the Reinforcement Table - General tab

Selects the bottom reinforcement in X direction.

Opens the Main Bar shape dialog box.

, OK

Selects the new shape.

Apply Applies the new shape for reinforcement in X direction.




File / Save Project Component As Opens the Project Component dialog box.

Creates a new project component with a standard name Foundation2.

Enter the following text: foot A in the highlighted field, OK

Renames a standard component.

Enter the following text: Examples Foot ACI in File Name field in the Widows® Save As dialog box, Save

Saves the Robot Millennium project as Examples Foot ACI.rtd file.


File / Print Opens the Print dialog box.

OK Prints the foot A reinforcement.




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16. Definition of a 2D Frame

The example presents the definition and analysis of a 2D steel frame as shown in the figure below. Data units: (ft) and (kip).



the first icon in the first row (Frame 2D Design) should be selected.


16.1 Structure Definition

16.1.1 Definition of a Working Language and Codes


Tools / Preferences Opens the Preferences dialog box shown in the figure below which allows to select/modify the Robot Millennium program parameters.




Place the cursor in the Languages line and select the United States option in the unfolded list of available languages

Setting regional parameters results in adjusting national codes, material and regulations.

Accept Closes the Preferences dialog box and saves the changes made.

Tools / Job Preferences Opens the Job Preferences dialog box which allows to select/modify the Robot Millennium program parameters. Compare the code and actions correctness to the settings shown in the figures below.




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OK Closes the Job Preferences dialog box and saves the changes made.

16.1.2 Structure Axis Definition

Geometry / Axis Definition Opens the Structural Axis dialog box which is used to define the structure's axes.

While being on the X tab set the Numbering option as A B C

switch to the Position field and enter: {0} Insert, {18} Insert, {32} Insert

Defines parameters of the vertical structural axes.

Switch to the Z tab, enter the following coordinates of the axes: {0.0} Insert, {10.5} Insert, {14.0} Insert, Numbering: 1, 2, 3

Defines parameters of the horizontal structural axes.

Apply, Close Creates the defined structural axes and closes the Structural axis dialog box.

If the axes are not visible the user should select the View / Zoom / Zoom All command from the main menu

The initial view of the structure should be displayed on the screen.




16.1.3 Structure Axis Modification

RMC on the symbol (in the example B) referring to the required axis, select the Object Properties command in the context menu

Opens the Structural Axis Modification dialog box, which is used for structural axis modification as shown in the figure below.

Switch to the Distance field and enter the {2.00} distance or set it graphically

Sets a displacement value for the selected structure axis

Apply, Close Closes the Structural Axis Modification dialog box. Defined structural axes are shown in the figure below.

16.1.4 Column and Beam Definition






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Selects bar properties. The section from the American section database (AISC) has been used. Note: If the W 8x28 section is not available on the list, the

user should press the ( ) button located beside the Section field and add this section to the active section list in the New Section dialog box.



Switch to the graphic viewer and indicate by means of the mouse the following intersection points of the consecutive axes. - A1-A3, - B1-B3, - C1-C2

Defines three columns of the frame.

LMC on the Bar Type field and select Beam LMC on the Section field and select (W 10x45)

Selects bar properties. Note: If the W 10x45 section is not available on the list, the

user should repeat the operations as in the case of the W 8x28 section.


Starts definition of a bar in the structure (structure beam).

Switch to the graphic viewer and indicate by means of the mouse the following intersection points of the consecutive axes. - C2-B2

Defines the beam of the frame.

Note: If the section database AISC is not available in the Database field the user should add it. To do so select the Tools / Job Preferences / Section Database command from

the menu. Click the icon (it adds a new database to the list) and select AISC database from list of the available section databases.

16.1.5 Truss Definition

Truss Section Definition



Set the following options: Database: AISC, Family: P, Section: 2.5, Add, Close, Close

Closes the New Section dialog box. The P 2.5 section appears in the List of Active Sections, closes the Sections dialog box




Definition of the Upper Chord



Geometry / Objects / Arc Opens the Arc dialog box.

Select the arc definition method: Begin - Middle - End; Enter the following coordinates of the arc points: Begin. (0,14) Middle (10,16) End (20,14) In the Sides field enter: 10, Switch on the Fixed number and Explode options Apply, Close

Defines arc. Closes the Arc dialog box. Note: During the arc definition the last defined section

(e.g. P 2.5) was applied.

The Lower Chord

RMC in the graphical viewer and indicate the Select option; then select the arc with nodes by means of the window-shaped cursor.

Selects the recently defined arc.





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Set the following parameters in the opened dialog box: Translation Vector field: (0,10) Edit Mode field: switch on the Copy option, leave the default values of the remaining parameters Execute, Close

Displays the initial view of the structure

Deselect the copied arc, then select all nodes in the copied arc - indicate them with the mouse cursor holding the CTRL key pressed

View / Tables Opens the Tables: Data and Results dialog box.

Check out the Nodes option, OK Closes the Tables: Data and Results dialog box, displays the Nodes table on the screen.

Windows / Tile Horizontally Displays simultaneously two windows on the screen: View and Nodes

Switch to the Nodes table and select entire Z table column (by clicking on header) with CTRL key pressed

Selects the entire Z column.

Place the mouse cursor in the selected column and RMC


Select the Fill Special option in the opened context menu

Opens the Insert to Column dialog box (see below).




Enter a new value of the coordinate Z = 14, OK

Assigns new value of Z coordinates of the selected nodes, closes the Insert to Column dialog box.

Close the Nodes table and Selection dialog box

Click the

button located in the View viewer

Maximizes the View graphical viewer

View / Zoom / Zoom All Displays the initial view of the structure


On the Structure tab indicate the Node numbers option, then switch to the Others tab and turn off the Structural axis option, Apply, OK

Chooses the structure attributes for presentation, closes the Display dialog box.

In order to delete the doubled nodes in the truss corners, select them using the mouse cursor with the CTRL button pressed. Then select the Edit / Correct command

There appears the Structure Correction dialog box on the screen as shown in the figure below.

Deselect the Entire Structure option (only the Geometrical Center should be active). Set the value 0.03 in the Precision field, Apply, Close

Posts


LMC on the Bar Type field and select Simple bar LMC on the Section field and select (P 2)

Selects bar properties. Note: If the P 2 section is not available on the list, the user

should repeat the operations as in the case of the P 2.5 section.





207

Switch to the graphic viewer, open the context menu and then select Snap Settings / Snap Settings option

Opens the Snap Settings dialog box.

Select the Nodes option and deselect the remaining options, press the Close button.

Chooses the parameters of cursor movement, closes the Snap Settings dialog box.

Define posts by connecting the nodes in the bottom and top chords of the truss (9 posts) - see below

Cross-braces

LMC on the Bar Type field and select Simple bar LMC on the Section field and select (P 1.5)

Selects bar properties. Note: If the P 1.5 section is not available on the list, the user

should repeat the operations as in the case of the P 2 section.


Go to the graphical viewer and define the diagonals as shown in the figure below




16.1.6 Definition of Releases on the Ends of Diagonals

Geometry / Releases Opens the Releases dialog box to apply releases to the truss diagonals.

Highlight the Pinned-Pinned release type, Close

Go to the graphical viewer. Here, indicate all the diagonals with the mouse cursor (the arrow with the release symbol). It generates releases on element ends, closes the Releases dialog box.


Structure Model/Supports

Selects the Supports layout from the list of available Robot Millennium layouts.

Switch to the Supports dialog box, highlight Fixed in the support list and set the cursor in the selection field. Go to the graphical viewer and select two nodes: 1, 3 - located on axis 1

Selects the support type and nodes to which the supports will be applied.

Apply Assigns the fixed support to the chosen nodes.

Highlight Pinned in the support list, switch to the graphic viewer and select the remaining node 5

Assigns the pinned support to the chosen node.




209


Structure Model/Loads

Selects the Loads layout from the list of the available Robot Millennium layouts.

Select Nature: dead in the Load Types dialog box and type self - weight in the Name field; then, click the New button

Defines a dead load with a user-defined name self-weight. Note: the program will define automatically the self-weight

on all structure bars.

LMC on the Nature field - enter the name dead LMC on the New button

Defines a dead load with the user-defined name dead.


Click the Uniform Load

icon located on the Bar tab

Opens the Uniform Load dialog box (see below).

Type pz = -0.70 (kip/ft) in the Z edit field (the column of p loads (kip/ft)), Add

Defines a value of the uniform load, closes the Uniform Load dialog box.

Switch to the Apply To field in the Load Definition dialog box and indicate beam 4 in the graphical viewer (right beam). The bar number will appear in the Apply To field, Apply

Applies the selected load to the chosen structure bar.

Click the Nodal Force

icon located on the Node tab

Opens the Nodal Force dialog box (see below).




Type Fz = -1.40 (kip) in the Z edit field (the column of p loads (kip)), Add

Defines the force value, closes the Uniform Load dialog box.

Place the cursor in the Apply to field then switch to the graphic viewer and select all the nodes of the upper chord. The node numbers will appear in the Apply To field, Apply


Introduce the Nature: dead and Name: purlins in the Load Types dialog box and click the New button

Defines a dead load with the user-defined name dead.

Click the Bar Force

icon located on the Node tab

Opens the Bar Force dialog box.

Enter the load Fz = -0.50 (kip). Switch on the Absolute option in the Coordinate field in the bottom part of the dialog box. Type 6.00 (ft) in the "x =" edit field, Add

After leaving the dialog box area, the cursor will automatically assume the selection mode. In the graphical viewer, indicate the right span, ensuring that the arrows on the bar are directed to the right, Apply

Closes the Bar Force dialog box, applies the selected bar force to the required position.

Reopen the Bar Force dialog box and repeat the above operation for the coordinates x = 12,0; adopt the same value of the Fz force

Closes the Bar Force dialog box, applies selected bar force to the required position.

Click the Nodal Force icon

Opens the Nodal Force dialog box.

Type Fz = -0.50 (kip) in the Z edit field, then click the Add button

Applies the load value, closes the Nodal Force dialog box.




211

Place the cursor in the Apply to field then switch to the graphic viewer and select all the nodes of upper chord. The node numbers will appear in the Apply To field, Apply

Applies nodal forces to the selected nodes.

Enter the Nature: live and Name: live in the Load Types dialog box and click the New button

Defines a live load with the user-defined name live.

Click the Trapezoidal Load

icon located on the Bar tab

Opens the Trapezoidal Load dialog box.

Enter the following load values pz1 = - 0.35 (kip/ft) pz2 = - 0.70 (kip/ft) and the relative coordinates x1 = 0.0 x2 = 0.5 (switch on the Relative option in the bottom part of the dialog box), Add

Enters the load values and closes the Trapezoidal Load dialog box.

Switch to the Apply To: field and select the right span. Make sure that the arrows on the bar are directed to the right.

Applies the selected trapezoidal load to the chosen bar.

By analogy, define the load applied to the right part of the span. Load values: pz1 = - 0.70 (kip/ft) pz2 = - 0.35 (kip/ft) relative coordinates x1 = 0.5 x2 = 1.0




Enter the Nature: wind and Name: wind from the right in the Load Types dialog box then click the New button

Defines a wind load with the user-defined name wind from the right.

Select the Uniform Load icon on the Bar tab of the Load Definition dialog

Opens the Uniform Load dialog box.

Enter px = - 0.15 (kip/ft), press the Add button. Apply the load to the right column

Applies the selected load.

Select the Trapezoidal Load icon Opens the Trapezoidal Load dialog box.

Enter the load: px1 = px2 = - 0.15 (kip/ft) (make sure that pz1 and pz2 equal zero) Set the relative coordinates: x1 = 0.75 and x2 = 1, Add

Defines a trapezoidal load. Applies the defined load to the central column. Make sure that the arrows on the bar are pointed upwards, close the Trapezoidal Load dialog box.

Set the Nature: snow and Name: snow in the Load Types dialog box, confirm it pressing the New button

Defines a snow load with the user-defined name snow.

Select the Uniform Load icon on the Bar tab of the Load Definition dialog box


Enter the values pz = - 0.35 (kip/ft) and px = 0 (kip/ft). Switch on the Projected Load option in the bottom part of the dialog box, Add

Defines load properties, closes the Uniform Load dialog box.

Select the right span of the structure Applies the defined load to the right bar in the structure.

Click the Nodal Force icon Opens the Nodal Force dialog box

Type Fz = -0.70 (kip) in the Z edit field, then click the Add button, switch to the Apply to field, afterwards select all the nodes of the upper chord in the graphic viewer. The node numbers will appear in the Apply To field, Apply

Applies selected load to the appropriate nodes.

16.1.9 Structure Modification

Structure Axis Modification Selection of the Robot Millennium layouts, Structure Model / Start






213

On the Others tab - turn on the Structural axis option, Apply, OK

Chooses the structure attributes for presentation, closes the Display dialog box.

Geometry / Axis Definition Opens the Structural Axis dialog box.

Define the required axis. Set Numbering to: A, B, C and then on the X tab enter the -20.00 value in the Position field and insert it into the Set of Created Axes field by means of the Insert button, Apply, Close

Defines an additional structural axis.

View / Zoom / Zoom All Displays the initial view of the structure

Select the truss span and the first column on the left (column no. 1) and choose the Edit / Edit / Translate command from the main menu

Selects the left column and truss span opens the Translation dialog box.

Enter the following settings in the Translation dialog box: Translation Vector / dX, dZ: (-20, 0) in the Edit Mode field, switch on the Copy option; leave the default values of the remaining settings

Defines the translation parameters.

Execute, Close Translates selected elements of the structure, closes the Translation dialog box - see the figure below. Note: As a result of copying, there appears a new span

with a column to the left of the structure. All properties of the selected structure elements have been copied including supports, loads etc.




16.1.10 Additional Load Definition


Selects the Loads layout from the list of available Robot Millennium layouts.

LMC on the Nature field - set the wind option and enter the name: wind from the left, click New button

Defines a wind load with the user-defined name: wind from the left.


Select the Uniform Load icon on the Bar tab of the Load Definition dialog box


Enter px = 0.15 (kip/ft) (make sure that pz equals zero), press Add. Apply loads to the left column, Close

Applies the selected load and closes the Load Definition dialog box

16.1.11 Load Combination Definition

Loads / Combinations Opens the Combination Definition/Modification dialog box shown in the figure below.

Set all options as shown in the dialog box above and press the OK

Creates a new combination, closes the Combination Definition/Modification dialog box. There appears a new Combinations dialog box that allows the user to define and modify the factors of a given combination.

Factor Definition Opens the Combination Factors dialog box.




215

Set the arrow in the live label, switch to the Factor edit field and introduce the new value 1.45, Change, Close

Changes the combination factor for the live load, closes the Combination Factors dialog box.

Press the

button located in the Combinations dialog box

Transfers all combination cases from the left to the right panel (see the dialog box below). Note: if the Auto option is set, the factor will assume the

value defined in the Combination Factors dialog box

Apply, Close Saves the combinations with the current parameter values, closes the Combinations dialog box.


Analysis / Calculations Starts the calculations for the defined structure. Once the calculations are completed, the message Results (FEM): available should be displayed at the top of the screen.




16.3 Analysis of Results in the Graphical Form

Results/Results

Selects the Results layout from the list of available Robot Millennium layouts.

Click the icon in the bottom left corner of the screen

Restores the default attributes of the structure view.

Switch to the Diagrams dialog box and turn on the Deformation option on the Deformation tab, Apply

Displays deformation of the structure.

Position the cursor in the Cases list box (the upper toolbar) and change the load cases by means of the keyboard cursors (up and down arrows) and watch the results in the View window. If necessary, re-scale the drawing by means of the Normalize button.

Switch off the Deformation option on the Deformation tab, Apply

Stops the display of structure displacements.

In the View viewer: select the right span. Switch on the Labels option in the Diagram Description field of the Parameters tab. Then, click the Open a New Window option at the bottom of the dialog box. Switch on display of MY moments on the NTM tab, Apply

Displays the MY diagram in a new window.

Exit Closes the recently opened window with the MY moment displayed.

16.4 Analysis of Results in the Table Form

Results / Displacements Opens the table of displacements

While in the Displacements table, select the Filters option from the context menu (RMC).

Opens the Filtering: Displacements dialog box.

Select the Case option located in the list below the All button

Applies the filtering according to load cases.

Highlight 6: snow in the dialog box with load cases, confirm the selection by pressing the button with

two black arrows

Enters the case number into the edit field located above the black arrows.




217

Highlight the 3:purlins case and add it to the selection by clicking on the button with a black arrow and a

green plus sign . Click the Close button

Adds the case number into the edit field, closes the Filtering: Displacements dialog box.

Select the Table Columns option from the context menu.

Opens the Nodal Value Selection dialog box.

Switch on the display of RY rotations on the Displacements tab Go to the General tab and click Coordinates in the Element Data Selection field, OK

Displays chosen values in the Displacements table, closes the Nodal Value Selection dialog box.

16.5 Detailed Analysis of Bars

Results/Detailed Analysis

Selects the Detailed Analysis layout from the list of available Robot Millennium layouts.

Indicate the right span in the View window. Activate the Open a new window option at the bottom of the Detailed Analysis dialog box, Apply

Opens the Detailed Analysis viewer divided into two parts: the top one contains results in the graphical form, while the bottom one displays the results in the form of a table.




Click the maximum - S max option on the Stresses tab. Activate the display of horizontal descriptions in the Parameters tab (click Labels in the Diagram Description field), Apply

Displays the selected quantities (normal stresses) with horizontal descriptions.

Go to the Division Points tab. Click the N points along bar length option and type 10 in the field beside, Apply

Displays results (S max stress values) in the table for 10 points evenly distributed over the bar length.

Switch on the characteristic points option on the same tab, Refresh, Apply

Enters into the dialog box the coordinates of the points for which the maximum and minimum values of S max are obtained (MIN S max x = ... (ft) and MAX S max x = ... (ft), as well as the beginning and end points of the bar (origin and end) Once the Apply button is pressed, the results for the four characteristic points will be introduced into the results window

It is also possible to display the results for the user-defined points. To do so click the relative option on the Division points tab. Enter x = 0.4 in the edit field, Add

Adds the user x = 0.4 row in the dialog box.

By analogy, enter the points with the following coordinates: x = 0.5 and x = 0.6. Select case 3:purlins in the Case Selection list, Refresh, Apply

Adds the user-defined rows into the dialog box (see below). In the bottom part of the viewer there appear the user-defined points with stress values displayed.




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16.6 Dimension Lines




Activate the following options: On the Structure tab: Structure, Node numbers, Support - symbols, On the Sections tab: Section shape Apply, OK

Displays the required quantities, closes the Display dialog box.

Tools / Dimension Lines Opens the Dimension Lines dialog box.

Selects the type of a dimension line, which will be defined as perpendicular to a segment.

Go to the Beginning field, switch to the graphic viewer and indicate the bottom column nodes located on the A and B structural axes determining the origin and end of the dimension line. Switch to the Distance field and enter {-2}, Apply

Indicates beginning as well as end points and distance between the construction and the first dimension line (see below). Applies the first dimension line.

Enter the characteristic dimensions of the structure as shown below, close the Dimension Lines dialog box




16.7 Code Parameters for Steel Design

Geometry / Code Parameters / Steel/Aluminum Member Type

Opens the Member Type dialog box

Opens the Member Definition - Parameters dialog box (see below)




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Type Beam 1 in the Member Type field, switch on the Coefficient option in the Buckling (Y-axis) Member

Length ly field, then click the

icon

Opens the Buckling Diagrams dialog box.

Click the first icon from the left in the first row, OK

Selects the coefficient (1.0) for the Y direction, closes the Buckling Diagrams dialog box.

Perform the same operation for the Z direction

Service Opens the Serviceability - Displacement Values dialog box presented below.

Switch on the options referring to the Member deflection options in the Limit Displacements field, OK

Determines the additional code-determined parameters defining the values of limit displacements, closes the Serviceability - Displacement Values dialog box.

Save, Close Saves the above settings, closes the dialog box. In the Member Type dialog box, there will appear a new type of element: "Beam1".

Switch to the graphic viewer, select the right beam and press the Apply and Close buttons

Applies the recently defined member type to the chosen beam, closes the Member Type dialog box.

16.8 Steel Member Verification and Design

LMC on the box for selection of the Robot Millennium program layouts Structure Design/Steel/Aluminum Design

Selects the layout of the Robot Millennium program, which is used for steel (aluminum) design.




Switch on the Member Verification option in the Calculations dialog box and click the List relevant to a given option


Click the All and Close buttons Selects all the bars, closes the opened dialog box.

Perform the same operation for the load case selection

Select the Ultimate option in the Limit State field

Analysis will be carried out for ULS (internal forces).

Configuration Opens the Configuration dialog box (see the figure below).

Define the following calculation parameters: Points Number set as 3, Efficiency Ratio set as 1, Maximum Slenderness set as 210. Leave the default values of all the parameters, OK

Applies the chosen parameters, closes the Configuration dialog box.

Click the Calculations button Starts calculations. The program will verify automatically the selected sections and once the calculations are finished, there appears the dialog box presenting the verified members (see below).




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Click the Calc. Note button Opens the Printout dialog box.

Select the Table printout option, OK

Opens the editor with the detailed data displayed.

Press the Save button.. In the opened Save As dialog box place the cursor in the File name field and enter the file name: calculation_note_1.rtf, Save, Close, Close

Saves the calculation note, closes the Save As dialog box, closes the print preview and theMember Verification dialog box.

16.9 Group Definition, Verification and Optimization

Go to the Groups tab in the Definitions dialog box and click the New button. In the Name field enter Columns, place the cursor in the Member list field, switch to the graphic viewer and select all the columns, Save

Defines the first group (Columns) consisting of all columns Note: in order to minimize the time consumption during calculations the user should click the Sections button which opens the Section Selection dialog box and select:

- the AISC database in the Databases field,

- one by one - the sections HP, M, S and W in the Section Families field

Chosen sections are placed in the Selected Sections field; thus, they will be recognized during the process of verification. Close the dialog box by clicking OK.

Click the New button and enter Beam in the Name field. In the Member List field enter the beam number (i.e. 5), Save

Defines the second group (Beam). Note: if the family sections for beam are the same there

is no need to repeat the whole operation presented above. Click the Sections button and activate the AISC database. All sections previously selected are present in the Selected sections field.




Click the New button and type Upper chord in the Name field. Switch to the graphic viewer and select all the upper chord members, Save

Defines the third group (Upper chord). Note: in order to minimize the time consumption during calculations the user should click the Sections button which opens the Section Selection dialog box and select:

- the AISC database in the Databases field,

- section P in the Section Families field

- deselect the remaining section families HP, M, S and W

Close the dialog box by clicking OK.

Click the New button. Type Lower chord in the Name field. Switch to the graphic viewer and select all the lower chord members, Save

Defines the fourth group (Lower chord). Note: if the family sections for the lower chord are the same

as for the upper chord proceed similarly as in the case of Columns and Beam groups.

Click the New button. Type Posts in the Name field. Switch to the graphic viewer and select all posts in the truss, Save

Defines the fifth group (Posts).

Click the New button. Type Bracings in the Name field. Switch to the graphic viewer and select all bracings, Save

Defines the sixth group (Bracings).

Switch to the Calculations dialog box and select the Code Group Verification option. Define numbers of groups that will be verified - in this case 1to6 and all load cases, Calculations

Carries out group verification.

Indicate the Code Group Design option in the Calculations dialog box and type group numbers (no. 1to6). Switch on the Optimization option and then press the Options button

Opens the Optimization Options dialog box.

From the available options select the Weight option, OK

If this option is switched on, it causes the section weight to be considered in optimization, i.e. the program will look for the lightest section in the group from among the sections that meet the code-defined criteria. Closes the Optimization Options dialog box.

Calculation Runs calculations. The program will carry out the design calculations with section optimization. From a set of sections, the program selects the most optimal one with respect to weight. Clicking the Change All option results in replacing the sections applied during the design process with the optimized sections. The optimization should be carried on until sections, which are to be changed, are the same.




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16.10 Stress Analysis

Results/Stress Analysis - Bars

Selects the STRESS ANALYSIS - BARS layout from the list of available Robot Millennium layouts.

In the Stress Analysis dialog box enter the number of a beam to which the stress analysis will apply (in the exercise 4), next set the load case as 6: snow and then press the Apply button.

Presents stress values of the chosen section in the dialog box, shows stress maps in two longitudinal and one transversal sections in the three windows located in the left part of the screen. In the Stress Analysis dialog box there appear new tabs with extreme stresses presented for selected cross sections.

Switch to the Stress Analysis viewer and select the View / 3D View option from the main menu.

There appears an additional structure bar view (see the figure below) with the additional toolbar containing options that allow the user to move, rotate or zoom the selected structure bar.




17. Definition of an RC Slab

The example presents definition of an RC slab. Calculation results are presented in the table and map form. In the example American codes and databases are applied. Data units: (ft) and (kip).



the icon in the second row (Plate Design) should be selected.



Select options as shown in the figure below




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OK Closes the Preferences dialog box.


Go to the Codes portion of the opened dialog box and select the codes as shown in the figures below





Definition of the Contour of the Lower Part of the Slab

Opens the Polyline - Contour dialog box.

Define the settings as follows: Definition Method: Contour, In the Geometry field: enter the following point coordinates: (0.00,0.00), Add (40.00,0.00), Add (40.00,30,00), Add (20.00,30.00), Add (20.00,20.00), Add (0.00,20.00), Add, Apply, Close

Defines the contour, closes the dialog box. Note: the points may also be introduced graphically by

placing the cursor in the Geometry edit field and indicating the required points in the graphical viewer. Clicking the first of the defined points for the second time closes the contour.




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Definition of the Contour of the External, Arc-Shaped Part of the Slab

Opens the Arc dialog box presented below.

Switch to the Definition Method field and select the Begin-End-Middle option

Selects the arc definition method.

In the Geometry field enter the following point coordinates: Point P1: (20.00,30.00) Point P2: (40.00,30.00) Point P3: (30.00,38.00)

Defines the consecutive arc points. Note: the points from P1 to P3 may be introduced

graphically as well, by indicating the required points in the graphical viewer.

In the Parameters field enter {10} into the Sides field, Switch off the Explode option, Apply, Close

Defines the arc, closes the Arc dialog box.

Definition of the Slab Properties

Geometry / Panels Opens the Panel dialog box (see the picture below).




Enter the settings as defined below: Contour Type: switch on the Panel option, Creation With: switch on the Internal Point option

Defines new panel options.

located to the right of the Thickness field


In the Th = field enter the value 15; in the Label field enter the name TH15_CONCR; in the Material field switch on the CONCR option, Add, Close

Defines the new thickness, closes the dialog box.

Move the cursor to the Reinforcement field provided in the Properties field and set the reinforcement type as Direction X.

Defines the reinforcement type.

Set the cursor in the Internal Point field. Move the mouse cursor to the graphical viewer and click once on a point located within the area of the angular slab, next, click on a point within the area of the second, smaller slab, Add, Close

Assigns the recently defined panels to the selected contours, closes the Panel dialog box.

Definition of Openings within the Contour

Geometry / Objects / Polyline -contour

Opens the Polyline - Contour dialog box.




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Define the settings as follows: Definition Method: Contour, In the Geometry field enter the following: (4.00,4.00), Add (10.00,4.00), Add (10.00,8,00), Add (4.00,8.00), Add Apply, Close

Defines a rectangular opening, closes the dialog box.

Geometry / Objects / Circle Opens the Circle dialog box.

Definition Method set as center-radius

Defines the circle definition method.

In the Geometry field enter: Point P: (30.00,14.00), Radius: (30.00,18.00)

Defines characteristic points applied during the definition process.

In the Parameters field enter: Sides: 10 Switch off the Explode option, Apply, Close

Defines a circle, closes the dialog box.

Definition of Supports





From the list of available supports select the Pinned support type, go to the Linear tab, place the cursor in the Current Selection field. Switch to the graphical viewer, point at the slab edges (including the arc) and click once on the edge.

Applies the pinned support to the structure.


Starts generation of the calculation model.

17.2 Definition of Slab Loads


Place the cursor on the Nature list and select the dead load nature,New

Defines a new load case which is automatically defined as the self-weight load and set on a first position in the Loads table.

New Defines a new load case (dead) with the standard name DL2.

Place the cursor on the Nature list and select the live load nature, New

Defines a new load case (live) with the standard name LL1.

New Defines another live load case with the standard name LL2. All the defined cases are registered in the List of Defined Cases field.

Select the second load case (DL2) in the List of Defined Cases field.

Selects the load case.




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Go to the Surface tab and click the Uniform Planar Load icon

Open the Uniform Planar Load dialog box.

Enter the load value pz = - 0.10 (kip/ft2) into the new dialog box (see the picture below), Add

Closes the Uniform Planar Load dialog box.

Set the cursor in the Apply To field (in the Load Definition dialog box). Then indicate both panels (click when they are highlighted) with the mouse cursor (with the CTRL button pressed). The panel numbers become registered in the Apply To field, Apply

Applies DL2 (dead load) to the entire slab surface.

Select the LL1 live load from the list in the Load Types dialog box


Click the Uniform Planar Load icon located on the Surface tab

Open the Uniform Planar Load dialog box.

Enter the load value pz = - 0.05 (kip/ft2) into the new dialog box, Add





Switch to the Apply To field and indicate the arc-shaped panel, Apply

Applies LL1 (live load) to the arc-shape part of the slab.

Indicate the LL2 load case in the Load Types dialog box


Go to the Surface tab and click the Linear Load 2p icon

Opens the Linear Load 2p dialog box shown in the picture below.

Introduce the following load parameters: Pz1 = Pz2 = - 0.70 (kip/ft), Set the cursor at the Coordinates A line and indicate two corners of the rectangular opening (located on one line), Add

Closes the Linear Load 2P dialog box.

Apply Applies LL2 (the linear live load on the edge of the rectangular opening).

Reopen the Linear Load 2p dialog box and repeat the operation for the remaining edges of the opening


Go to the Node tab and click the Nodal Force icon

Opens the Nodal Force dialog box as shown below.




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Enter the following parameter: Fz = - 0.65 (kip), Add

Defines the nodal force value, closes the Nodal Force dialog box.

Place the cursor in the Apply To field of the Load Definition dialog box, go to the graphical viewer and select with the window-shaped cursor the circular opening in the slab

Selects nodes to which nodal forces will be applied.

Apply, Close Applies the live load concentrated in the nodes of the circular opening, closes the Nodal Force dialog box.

Close Closes the Load Types dialog box.

17.3 Meshing Options




Opens the Selection dialog box (shown in the picture below). It is also possible to change meshing parameters separately for individual contours.

Select the Panel option from the drop-down list provided under the All button and choose the User s number option located on the Attrib. tab.

In the selection field the defined panel numbers are displayed.

Select panels nos. 1 2 and press the

button, Close

The selected panel numbers appear in the field below the All button and the panel chosen becomes highlighted. Closes the dialog box.

Analysis / Calculation Model / Meshing Options Press the Advanced options button in the Meshing Options dialog box

Opens the Advanced Meshing Options dialog box.

Indicate the Delaunay option in the Available Meshing Methods field and Automatic option in the Mesh Generation field. Type 15 in the Division1 field, OK

Applies the defined meshing settings to the selected panel (2), closes the dialog box.


Generates the preview of the finite element mesh on the screen as shown in the picture below.




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17.4 Definition of Beams Supporting the Slab


Select the RC Beam option in the Bar Type field

Selects the bar type.

Select the button located to the right of the Section field

Opens the New Section dialog box shown below.




Select RC beam in the Section Type field

Changes the New Section dialog box shape.

Enter the following values in the Basic Dimension field: b = 8 in., h = 16 in., In the Label field the program will generate automatically the name for a section defined as B R8x16, Add

Defines a concrete beam with section dimensions 8x16 and B R8x16 name.

Close Closes the New Section dialog box, the recently defined section is available in Section field of the Bars dialog box.

Set the cursor in the Node Coordinates field and enter the following coordinates in the Beginning and End fields: (20,20) - (40,20) Add, (20,30) - (40,30) Add, (20,0) - (20,20) Add

Defines two horizontal and one vertical beams (see the picture below).

17.5 Definition of the Beam Supporting the Arc-Shaped Slab

First Method Geometry / Bars Opens the Bars dialog box

Open the context menu (available by clicking the right-hand mouse button) and select: Snap Settings / Snap Settings

Opens the Snap Settings dialog box presented in the drawing below.




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Switch off the following options: - Structural axes - Grid - Advanced - Apply without confirmation Apply, Close

Defines the snap setting options which allow the user to define a beam on the slab arc by drawing it point by point. Closes the dialog box.

Switch on the Drag option and define beams supporting the arc-shaped panel point by point, Close

Defines bars, closes the dialog box.

Second Method Geometry / Objects / Arc Opens the Arc option.

In the Definition Method field select the Begin - Middle - End option. Enter 10 into the Sides field provided in the Parameters portion and switch off the Explode option. Place the cursor in the Point P1 field of the Geometry portion, go to the graphical viewer and indicate the beginning, intermediate and end points of the defined arc.




Apply, Close Confirms arc generation, closes the dialog box.

17.6 Definition of Concentrated Forces

Geometry / Nodes Opens the Nodes dialog box.

In the Coordinates field enter: (24,18) Add (36,18) Add, Close

Defines two additional nodes to which nodal forces will be applied.


Set the live option in the Nature field, New

Defines a new load case of the Live (LL3) nature.


Select the Nodal Force load type in the Node tab of the dialog box. Define the force Fz = - 1,15kip, Add

Defines the new nodal force, closes the Nodal Force dialog box.




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Set the cursor in the Apply To field and enter the numbers of the two nodes defined above, Apply, Close, Close

Applies the recently defined loads to the selected nodes, closes the Load Definition dialog box, closes the Load Types dialog box.

17.7 Definition of Load Combinations

Loads / Combinations Opens the Combination Definition/Modification dialog box (see below).

Switch on the ULS option in the Combination Type field, OK

Opens the Combinations dialog box which allows defining combination parameters.

Transfers all the load cases to the right-hand panel.

Apply, Close Applies the defined load combinations, closes the Combinations dialog box.





Starts the calculation process.

17.8.1 Results in the Map Form

Results / Maps Opens the Maps dialog box, which is used to display the chosen maps of internal forces, stresses and displacements in surface elements.

From the load case list select: 1: DL1

Select the load case for which the results will be presented in the graphic form.

In the Detailed tab select the Displacement u,w option, switch to the Scale tab and select the Basic option located in the Color palette field, Apply

Displays maps of the selected quantity.

To make the drawing clearer select the View / Display command from the main menu

Opens the Display dialog box.

On the Detailed tab in the Maps dialog box switch off the Displacements u, w option, Apply, Close

Ends map display




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On the Finite elements tab switch off the following options: Numbers and panels description, Panel interior and Finite elements, Apply, OK

Displays the selected elements, closes the dialog box.

Results / Panel Cuts Opens the Panel Cuts dialog box.

On the Detailed tab select the Rotations -R yy option. Next, go to the Definition tab and select the 2 points option, enter the coordinates of the cut e.g.: (0.00, 0.00), (40.00, 20.00). Set the layer selection as middle in the Parameters tab and then set the following options available on the Diagrams tab: filled in the Filling field normal in the Diagram position field, Apply, Close

The diagram of the chosen quantity on the selected panel cut will be added to the list of available cuts and presented on the screen (see the picture bellow). Closes the dialog box.

View / Projection / 3d xyz Selects the isometric view.

17.8.2 Results in the Table Form

Results / Plate and Shell Results Opens the FE Results dialog box.

Click the right mouse button and select Table Columns option

Opens the Result for finite elements dialog box.




In the Detailed field activate ( ) the following options: Stresses - s in direction xx, Shear Forces - Q in direction xx, Displacement u,w in direction z.

Activates quantities to be applied from the Detailed tab.

In the Parameters field activate: Results - in Element Centers option, Layer Selection - Lower option, OK

The table with selected quantities will appear on the screen, closes the dialog box.

From the load list select the load case: Simple Cases, close the FE Results table

Selects load cases, closes the table.

17.9 Reinforcement Definition

Geometry / Code Parameters / Plate and Shell Reinforcement Type

Opens the Plate\Shell Reinforcement Type dialog box.




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Double-click on the Direction X icon Opens the Reinforcement Parameters ACI 318/99 dialog box, which allows adding a new reinforcement type.

On the General tab activate the Along Y-axis command, enter the name Direction Y in the Name field. Add, Close

Defines the name of the reinforcement whose main axis will be parallel to the Y-axis of the global coordinate system.

Enter the panel numbers 1 and 2 into the Panels field, Apply, Close

Assigns the recently defined reinforcement parameters to the indicated panels, closes the Plate\Shell Reinforcement Type dialog box.

17.9.1 Structure Analysis

Analysis / Calculations Starts the calculations.

17.9.2 Reinforcement Calculations

Analysis / Design of RC Structure Elements / RC Plate and Shell Design / Required Reinforcement

Opens the layout used for reinforcement calculations. The screen will be divided into three parts: graphic viewer, Plate and Shell Reinforcement and Reinforcements dialog boxes.

In the Method field select the equivalent mom. (Wood and Armer) option.

Selects the method based on calculation of the equivalent moment; this method is quicker that the analytical one.

Click the

button located to the right of the ULS field

Opens the ULS dialog box.

Select all the cases from the list and

press the button, Close

Selection of this option causes the selected load cases to appear on the list above the Previous button, closes the dialog box.

Opens the Selection dialog box.

In the drop-down list provided under the All button select the Panel command. On the Attrib. tab select the material option, switch to the selection field and highlight the CONCR option,

Filters all concrete panels. Removes the current selection and enters numbers of the selected objects.

Close Closes the Selection dialog box.




Calculate Starts calculation. Note: It may take a few minutes to complete

the calculations.

17.9.3 Analysis of Reinforcement Results

In the Reinforcement dialog box switch on the option Ay located in the [+] top line

If this option is selected, the indicated top reinforcement area in the y direction (perpendicular to the main reinforcement direction assumed) will be presented.

Activate the Maps option located in the lower portion of the Reinforcements dialog box

If this option is selected, the results obtained for the surface FE element will be presented in the form of maps.

Leave the With normalization option switched on

The maps of the selected quantity will be presented automatically in such a way so that the scale will be adjusted to the maximum and minimum values of the selected quantity

Switch on the open new window with scale displayed option, Apply

This results in display of a new window on the screen in which maps of the values selected in the Reinforcements dialog box are presented. Note: No map is displayed when reinforcement does not

reach the level of the minimal reinforcement

View / Projection / Zx Selection of the work plane




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17.9.4 Results in the Text Form

Results / Reinforcement / Plate and Shell Reinforcement

Opens the Reinforcement Areas table

RMC while the table is active Opens the context menu.

Select the Table columns Opens the Reinforcement Areas dialog box.

On the Results tab activate: in the Results field - in Elements Centers option, In the Reinforcement Areas and Spacings field - switch on the e(Ay) option located in the [+] Top line,

If these options are selected, then in the table the reinforcement area will be set at the centers of gravity of planar FE and the top reinforcement spacing in the y direction will be displayed.

On the FE Data tab switch on the Section option

Selecting this option results in adding - to the table - the column in which the section (thickness type) of planar FE will be selected.

OK Closes the Reinforcement Areas, displays reinforcement results in the table.




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18. 2D Structure (Mixed RC and Steel Structure)

The example presents a definition of a 2D frame which will be changed to the shell type structure. Stress analysis as well as RC beam and column analysis were performed. Data units: (ft) and (kip). The following rules apply during structure definition:


To run structure definition start the Robot program. The vignette window (described in chapter 2.1)

will be displayed on the screen and the icon should be selected.

18.1 Structure Geometry


Opens the Structural Axis dialog box.

On the X tab place the cursor in the Position field: {-4}, Insert {0}, Insert {20}, Insert {40}, Insert {44}, Insert, Set Numbering as A, B, C

Introduces axis position into Set of Created Axes.




Switch to the Z tab and introduce in the Position field: {0}, Insert {12}, Insert {21}, Insert {25}, Insert {28}, Insert Set Numbering as 1, 2, 3

Apply, Close

Defines structural axis, closes the Structural Axis dialog box.

18.1.1 Section Definition


Check presence of the following sections: - C R12x12, - B R12x24, - W 8X28, - W 10X45

If the above sections are not present in the list of available sections press

the New section definition icon


On the Standard tab set the section type as RC Column

Changes the appearance of the New Section dialog box.

Set 12 in the b and h field, switch to the Label field and introduce column name: C R12x12, Add

Defines the C R12x12 section, which appears in the List of Active sections.

Go to the Section type field and select the RC Beam option


Introduce 12 in the b field and 24 in the h field, switch to the Label field and enter column name: B R12x24, Add

Defines the B R12x24 section, which appears in the List of Active sections.

Go to the Section type field and select the steel option


Set AISC in the Database field, W in the Family field and W 8X28 in the Section field, Add

Defines the W 8x28 section, which appears in the List of Active sections.

As before set AISC in the Database field, W in the Family field and W 10X45 in the Section field, Add, Close, Close

Defines the W 10x45 section, which appears in the List of Active sections, closes the New Section and Sections dialog boxes.




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18.1.2 Bar Definition



Go to the Bars dialog box and set: RC Column (Bar Type field), C R12x12 (Section field). Place the cursor in the Node Coordinates / Beginning field switch to the graphic viewer and select graphically the beginning and end of the column by means of the coordinates of the intersection point of defined axes: B1-B2, C1-C2, D1-D2

Defines reinforced columns.

Set following options for bars: RC Beam (Bar Type field), B R12x24 (Section field). Go to the Node Coordinates / Beginning field and as before indicate the beginning and end of the beams: A2-B2, B2-C2, C2-D2, D2-E2

Defines reinforced beams. Note: if one wants to transfer a RC beam to the design

module, the beam should be defined as a sequence of separate elements. If it is defined as a super-element, it will not be transferred correctly to the design module.

Set following options: Column (Bar Type field), W 8x28 (Section field). Go to the Node Coordinates / Beginning field and as before indicate the beginning and end of the beams: A2-A3, C2-C5, E2-E3

Defines steel column.

Set following options: Beam (Bar Type field), W 10x45 (Section field). Go to the Node Coordinates / Beginning field and as before indicate the beginning and end of the beams: A3-C5, E3-C4

Defines steel beams.



Selects the SUPPORTS layout from the list of available Robot Millennium layouts.

Switch to the Supports dialog box. Highlight Fixed in the list of supports Set the cursor in the Current Selection field.

Select support type.

Go to the graphical viewer View, select the following nodes: 1, 3, and 5 (bottom nodes of columns located on the axis 1), Apply

Applies supports to the three selected nodes. Note: One may also type the relevant supports numbers

into the Current Selection field.






Selects the LOADS layout from the list of available Robot Millennium layouts.

Go to the Load Types dialog box, set Dead in the Nature field, New

Defines the first load case DL1, which appears in the List of Defined Cases field.

Go to the Loads table Robot Millennium generates automatically the loads originating from the self-weight of the structure and this is the first load case defined as DL1 (as self-weight in the table).

Set Dead in the Nature field, New

Defines the second load case nature (DL2).

Set the cursor in the second row of the Loads table in the Case column and select DL2 in the unfolded list box

Selects load case (DL2).

Choose the uniform load option in the Load Type column. Set the cursor in the List column and then, in the View column indicate bars No. 4to7 (with the CTRL button pressed), and introduce the load value: Pz = - 0.70 (kip/ft)

Applies uniform load to selected bars. Note: if the bar numbers are not displayed on the structure

view one should chose the View / Display command from the main menu and check out the Bar Numbers option in the Structure tab, and then, press the OK button. This will result in displaying bar numbers on the structure view.

Set Live in the Nature field, New

Defines the third load case nature (LL1).

Set the cursor in the next record of the Loads table (Cases column), select LL1 in the unfolded list box

Selects load case (LL1).

Choose the uniform load option in the Load Type column, set the cursor in the List column and then, in the View column, indicate bars No. 4 and 5, and introduce the load value Pz = -0.50 (kip/ft)

Applies load to selected bars.

Set Live in the Nature field, New

Defines the forth load case nature (LL1).

Set the cursor in the next record of the Loads table (Cases column), select LL2 in the unfolded list box

Selects load case (LL2).

Choose the uniform load option in the Load Type column, set the cursor in the List column and then, in the View column, indicate bars No. 6 and 7 enter the load value Pz = - 0.70 (kip/ft)

Applies load to selected bars.




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Structure Model/Start

Selects the START layout from the list of available Robot Millennium layouts

18.1.5 Definition of Snow/Wind Loads

American code: ANSI/ASCE 7-98 Loads / Special loads / Wind and Snow 2D/3D

Opens the Snow and Wind 2D/3D dialog box

Press the Auto button Automatic generation of the structure envelope for generation of snow/wind loads (in the Envelope field the program enters the following node numbers: 1, 2, 7, 9, 10, 12, 11, 8, 6, 5)

Define the following parameters: Total depth = (40) Bay spacing = (20) active options: Wind Snow inactive options: Without parapets With base not on ground Isolated roofs

Defines basic parameters of snow/wind loads

Press the Parameters button Opens the additional dialog box (Snow / Wind Loads), where detailed parameters may be defined

Define parameters of the snow/wind load: the Global parameters tab: Exposure category: B Building category: II

Defines parameters of snow/wind loads

the Wind tab: Basic wind speed V: 100 (mph) Gust effect factor G change to manual and set the value: 0.83

Defines parameters of snow/wind loads

the Snow tab: Ground snow load Pg: 10 (lb/ft2) Change exposure category to: Partially exposed

Defines parameters for snow/wind loads

Generate Pressing the button starts generation of snow and wind loads with the accepted parameters.

In the Structure frame selection viewer containing projection of structure frames - select the middle frame by LMC in the view. The frame will be highlighted in red. Accept the selection by pressing the OK button.

The Structure frame selection viewer allows selection of frames for which wind and snow loads will be generated. Considering that individual transverse frames are positioned in different zones and the load applied to them may vary, the general number of load cases may be great, therefore, the user is able to choose frames.




Close editor showing the calculation note

The calculation note appears on the screen. It presents the parameters of snow/wind load cases

Close the Snow and Wind 2D/3D dialog box

18.1.6 RC Beam Design

Indicate the beam - bars 4 to 7 with the CTRL button pressed

Selects the beams, which will be design.

Analysis / Design of RC Structure Elements / RC Beam Design

Opens the Load Selection dialog box.

Select the Simple cases option, OK

Displays the BEAM - DEFINITION layout from the list of available layouts.

Being in the Beam-Elevation viewer choose Analysis / Story Parameters

Opens the Story Parameters dialog box see the picture below.

Set the following parameters: Reference level: 12 (ft), Sustained load action for: 5 (months), OK

Defines story parameters, closes the dialog box.

Analysis / Calculation Options Opens the Calculation Options dialog box.

Set the following parameters on the General tab: Deflection < {2}, Cover to: Transversal Reinforcem., Advanced

Defines general calculation options, opens the Advanced Options dialog box.

Set the following parameters: Number of calculation points in the span: {11}, OK Leave the default settings of the remaining parameters.

Defines the number of calculation, closes the Advanced Options dialog box.

Save As Opens the Enter the name dialog box.




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Type a name of the settings in the appearing dialog box, e.g. Standard_1, OK, OK

Defines the name for the user-defined calculation option set, closes the Enter the name and Calculations options dialog boxes.


Switch to the General tab and select: Reinforcement Segment: Whole Beam

Selects the reinforcement generation method.

Go to the Bottom Reinf. tab and choose: Layers/Number/Nmax set {4}, Anchorage Pts

Defines maximal number of reinforcement layers, opens the Span Reinforcement Anchorages dialog box.

Set the parameter Crossed in the all support type, OK

Defines the way in which span reinforcement reaching supports. Closes the dialog box.

Go to the Top Reinf. tab and choose: Layers/Number/Nmax set {4}

Defines maximal number of reinforcement layers.

Switch to the Transversal Reinf. tab and in the Section field highlight the icons as shown below

On the Struct. Reinf. - leave the default parameters

Defines the structural reinforcement shape.

Go to the Shapes tab and in the Hooks field set: l >= {0.05}, Save As

Defines hooks length. Opens the Enter the name dialog box.

Enter the name Standard_2, OK Saves parameters under a proper name, closes the dialog box.

OK Closes the Reinforcement Pattern dialog box.

Analysis / Calculations Opens the Calculation Option Set.

Set the formerly saved settings Standard_2 and Standard_1 in the Set of Options field. Set the Reinforcement Layout option Leave the default values for the remaining parameters, Calculations

Starts the calculations.




Structure Model/RC Beams/Beam-results

Selects the BEAM-RESULTS layout from the list of available Robot Millennium layouts. Analyze the results

Results / Calculation Note Opens the Calculation Note dialog box.

Leave all parameters default, OK Displays on the screen calculation note.

Results / Drawings Open the Plotting viewer with drawings displayed on.

To change beam drawings one

should use the

buttons located in the top right corner of the screen.

File / Save As Opens the Project Component Save dialog box.

Set the Drawings option in

the Component Type click icon

Creates the drawing of the generated beam.

Go to the Project Structure field and name the beam drawing, e.g. Draw_1, OK

Defines the drawing name.

18.1.7 RC Column Design


Selects the START layout from the list of available Robot Millennium layouts.

Select the central RC column and choose the Analysis / Design of RC Structure Elements / RC Column Design command

Open the Load Selection dialog box.




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Select

Simple cases option and

switch on the Automatically run calculations option, OK

Opens the RC column design module.

Structure Model / RC Columns / Column - definition

Selects the COLUMN - DEFINITION layout.

Analysis / Story Parameters Opens the Story Parameters dialog box.

Define following parameters: Reference level: {12}, Sustained load action for: {5}, OK

Defines story parameters.

Analysis / Calculation Options. On the General tab select options: Slenderness taken into account Concrete tab - leave the default parameters

Opens the Calculation Options dialog box.

Switch to the Longitudinal Reinf. tab and from bar list select bars: # = 3 10

Selects preferred reinforcement bars.

Transversal Reinf. - leave it unchanged, Save As

Opens the Enter the name dialog box.


Defines settings name, closes the dialog box.

Analysis / Reinforcement Pattern Open the Reinforcement Pattern dialog box.

Switch to the Longitudinal Bars. tab and set preferred bars diameters as: # 4

Chooses preferred bar diameter. Note: to reduce the time of calculations, one should select

a preferred diameter, e.g. #4)

Transversal Bars tab - leave the default parameters

Go to the Dowel Bars tab and activate the Main Bars option in the Connection to the Upper Column field

Defines connection type.

Go to the Shapes tab and select hook length {0.05}, leave the default values of the remaining parameters, Save As

Chooses hooks length. Opens the Enter the name dialog box.


Defines settings name, closes the dialog box.




Structure / Buckling Length Opens the Buckling Length dialog box.

Click the

icon in the Direction Y

field.

If the Non-sway option is active, there will appear the Non-Sway Structure dialog box.

Select the

icon with the 0.80

coefficient (first one in the second row), OK

Defines buckling length coefficient, closes the dialog box.

Click the

icon in the Direction Z field

Opens the Non-Sway Structure dialog box.

Select the

icon with the 0.80 coefficient (first one in the second row), OK

Defines buckling length coefficient, closes the dialog box.

Apply, Close Closes the Buckling Length dialog box.

Analysis / Calculations Opens the Calculation Option Set dialog box.

Set the previously defined settings (i.e. Standard_4 and Standard_3) in the Set of Options field. Leave the default values for the remaining parameters, Calculations

Starts calculations.

Results / Governing Case Opens the Intersections dialog box, which presents a list of load combinations recognized during the process of designing the column.

Analyze the parameters of section efficiency ratio

Structure Model / RC Columns / Column - results

Opens the COLUMN - RESULTS layout (see the picture below). The window presents curves of N-M interaction for the given load combination.




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Results / Calculation Note Opens the Calculation Note dialog box.

OK Generates a document containing all the data concerning column calculations, closes the Calculation Note dialog box.

Analyze the generated document

Results / Drawing Open the Plotting viewer with drawings displayed on.

Use the

buttons to see the other drawings of the column

File / Save As Opens the Project Component Save dialog box.

Set the Drawings option in the

Component Type click icon

Creates the drawing of the generated column.

Go to the Project Structure field and name the beam drawing, e.g. Draw_2 OK

Defines the drawing name.




18.1.8 Change of the Structure Geometry and Type


Selects the START layout from the list of available Robot Millennium layouts.

Geometry / Structure Type Opens the window presented on the drawing below.

Select the Shell Design (the third one from the left in the second row)

Changes structure type to shell.


On the Y tab place the cursor in the Numbering selection list and select the Define option, set the axis name for Level 1. Introduce the following values to the Position field: {0}, Insert {20}, Insert {40}, Insert, Apply, Close

Introduces axis position into Set of Created Axes, closes the Structural Axis dialog box.




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Ctrl + A Selects all bars which will be highlighted into the red color.

Edit / Edit / Translate Opens the Translation dialog box (see below).

In the dX, dY, dZ edit field type the translation vector: (0, 20, 0)

Define the translation vector. Note: One may define translation vector graphically by

clicking on the beginning and end of the translation vector.

Enter the value 2 in the Number of repetitions field. Leave the default values for the remaining parameters, Execute, Close

Copies selected elements.

View / Projection / 3d xyz Displays a 3d view of the structure (see the picture below).






If the W 8X15 section is not present in the available section list, one should press the button

located

to the right side of the Section field


On the Standard tab set the section type as Steel


Set AISC in the Database field, W in the Family field and W 8X15 in the Section field, Add, Close

Defines the W 8x15 section, which appears in the List of Active sections.

To define bar element sets: Beam in the Bar Type field, W 8x15 in the Section field. Then move the cursor to the graphic viewer, click with the left mouse key on the point depicting the beginning and end point of the bar element. These points may be define as the coordinates of the intersection points of following structure axis: (E, Level 1, 3) and (E, Level 2, 3), (E, Level 2, 3) and (E, Level 3, 3), (C, Level 1, 5) and (C, Level 2, 5), (C, Level 2, 5) and (C, Level 3, 5), (A, Level 1, 3) and (A, Level 2, 3), (A, Level 2, 3) and (A, Level 3, 3)

Defines beams connecting frame corners.




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18.1.9 Slab Definition


Opens the Work Plane dialog box (see the picture below).

Move the cursor to the graphic viewer and select the left end point of the concrete beam

The coordinates in the Work Plane dialog box will change automatically to the selected one e.g. (-4.00,0.00,12.00).

In the Fixed field switch on the Z option, Apply

Defines new work plane, closes the dialog box.

View / Projection / Xy Once the option is selected the structure is set on the XY plane at the recently defined Z coordinate (e.g. Z = 12); only structure components from this plane are displayed.

Geometry / Objects / Polyline-contour

Opens the Polyline-Contour dialog box.

In the Definition Method edit field select the Contour option. Place the cursor in the Geometry field indicate the required points of the contour in the graphic viewer (the contour may be also defined by typing appropriate coordinates in the Geometry field). A, Level 1 Add, E, Level 1 Add, E, Level 3 Add, A, Level 3 Add, A, Level 1 Add

Defines the contour, closes the dialog box. Note: Closing the contour is effectuated by clicking the first

of the defined points for the second time.

Geometry / Panels Opens the Panel dialog box.

Define settings as defined below: Contour Type: Panel option, Creation With: Internal Point option, Reinforcement type: Direction X Thickness: TH12_CON.

Defines panel properties.




Place the cursor in the Internal Point field. Switch to the graphical viewer and indicate once a point within the boundaries of the rectangular slab, Close

Applies chosen panel properties to the selected contour in the construction, closes the dialog box shown on the picture below.

18.1.10 Offset Definition


Switch on following options: Finite Elements tab: Thickness option, Sections tab: Section - shape option Apply, OK

On the structure drawing, which appears on the screen one can see that axis of the RC beams and RC slab are on the same level. Robot Millennium allows one for defining of offsets within the structure.




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Geometry / Additional Attributes / Offsets

Opens the Offsets dialog box.

Opens the dialog box for defining new offset will be open (see the picture below).

In the Label field enter the name Offset_1 for new offset. Then in the UZ field introduce the offset value (in the exercise the offset value is equal -18 in as it is half of RC slab height plus half of RC beams height) at the beginning and at the end of the bar in the Z-axis direction. In the Coordinate System field activate the Global option, Add, Close

Applies recently defined offset in the active list of offsets, closes the dialog box.




Place the cursor in the Current Selection field and type the numbers of bars (e.g. all concrete beams), to which offsets will be attributed Finish the operation by pressing Apply, Close

Applies offset to the selected elements, closes the dialog box. Result of this operation presents picture below.

18.1.11 Front Wall Definition


Opens the Work Plane dialog box (see the picture below).

Move the cursor to the graphic viewer and select the left end point of the concrete beam

The coordinates in the Work Plane dialog box will change automatically to the selected one e.g. (40.00,0.00,0.00).

In the Fixed field switch on the X option, Apply

Defines new work plane, closes the dialog box.

View / Projection / Yz Once this option is selected the structure is set on the YZ plane at the recently defined X - coordinate value (e.g. Z = 40) and only structure components from this plane will be displayed.




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Geometry / Objects / Polyline-contour

Opens the Polyline-Contour dialog box

In the Definition Method edit field select the Contour option. Place the cursor in the Geometry field and introduce coordinates of the points defining the appropriate contour: 1 (40.0, 0.0, 0.0) 2 (40.0, 6.0, 0.0) 3 (40.0, 6.0, 8.0) 4 (40.0, 12.0, 8.0) 5 (40.0, 12.0, 0.0) 6 (40.0, 28.0, 0.0) 7 (40.0, 28.0, 8.0) 8 (40.0, 34.0, 8.0) 9 (40.0, 34.0, 0.0) 10 (40.0, 40.0, 0.0) 11 (40.0, 40.0, 12.0) 12 (40.0, 0.0, 12.0), Apply, Close

Defines the contour see the picture below, closes the Polyline - Contour dialog box.


Click the button

located to the right of the Thickness field


In the Th field type 25, which is a new value for panel thickness. Then in the Label field enter new name TH25_CONCR, Add, Close

Confirm new thickness settings, closes the New Thickness dialog box.

Set the folowing parameters: Reinforcement type: Dir_Z Thickness: TH25_CONCR in the Panel dialog box and then, set the cursor in the Internal Point field. Move the cursor to the graphical viewer and indicate once the point within the boundaries of the recently defined contour.

Applies chosen panel properties to the selected contour in the structure. If the Dir_Z reinforcement type is not available in the reinforcement type list, press the button

located to the right of the Reinforcement list




On the General tab define settings as presented on the picture below, Add, Close

Defines new reinforcement parameters, closes the dialog box shown on the picture below.

18.1.12 Definition of Supports on Wall Edges

Geometry / Supports Opens the Supports dialog box.

From the list of active supports check out the fixed support type (recently selected support type will be highlighted). Then in the Current Selection field activate the Line option. Set the cursor in the graphic viewer and click at the appropriate edge when it is highlighted

Applies supports on the wall.

18.1.13 Definition of Additional Loads to Be Applied to the Slab

Loads / Load Types Opens the Load Types dialog box.

Select the live nature in the Nature field, New

It results in appearance a new load case (LL3) in the list of defined cases.




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Select the recently define load case from the available load list. Press the

icon


On the Surface tab click the Uniform

Planar Load icon

and set the

parameter as presented on the picture below

Opens the Uniform Planar Load dialog box.

Confirm the settings pressing the Add button


In the Apply To field enter the number defining the slab to which the load will be applied, Apply, Close

Applies planar load to structure elements, closes the Load Definition dialog box.

18.1.14 Definition of Combinations


Leave all parameters default and press the OK button

Opens the Combinations dialog box.




Select the DL1 load case from the

Case List, press the button Repeat the above operations for the live load cases and one of the wind cases.

Defines load cases for the combination.

Apply, Close Closes the dialog box.

18.1.15 Definition of Meshing Options

Tools / Job Preferences / Meshing Options / Modification


In the Mesh Generation field - with the Delaunay method switched on in the Available Meshing Methods field - activate Automatic option and enter 10 in the Division 1 field. Other parameters leave as default, OK

Defines meshing options, closes the dialog box.



If this option is selected, Robot Millennium generates the calculation model of a structure (finite elements Note: meshing parameters have been change in the same

way in both panels.

To change meshing parameters for one panel (e.g. vertical) chose vertical panel and then select from the menu: Analysis / Calculation Model / Meshing Options


In the Available Meshing Methods select the Delaunay method, switch to the Mesh Generation field and select the Automatic option. In the Division 1 field enter 15, OK

Defines meshing parameters for vertical panel, closes the Meshing Options dialog box.

Analysis / Calculation Model / Local Mesh Generation

Generates the calculation model.


Starts the calculations.




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18.3 Analysis of Results

Results / Maps Opens the Maps dialog box.

Activate the open new window with scale displayed option located in the lower portion of the dialog box. Select from the list of loads LL3 load case and on the Detailed tab chose the Displacement - u, w in the direction z option, Apply

Displays the viewer presented on the picture below.

Results / Diagrams for bars Opens the Diagrams dialog box.

In the NTM tab turn on the FZ Force option, Apply

The diagram of selected force appears in the graphic viewer if not, press the Normalize button. Pressing this button results in presenting diagrams of a selected quantity in such a way that the scale will be adjusted to the maximum and minimum value of the indicated quantity.

Switch off the FZ Force option and go to the Deformation tab. Activate the Deformation command then set in motion the Open a new window option located in the lower part of the dialog box

If this options are selected the structure deformed under loads will be displayed in a new window on the screen as shown below.




Results / Plate and Shell Results Opens the FE Results table.

Select from the load cases list DL1 load case and then open the context menu by clicking the right mouse button. Select the Table columns option

Opens the Results for Finite Elements dialog box.

In the Detailed tab switch on options: Membrane Forces - N in the direction xx, Shear Forces - Q in the direction yy, Displacements u,w in direction z On the Parameters tab select following options: panel/node in the Results field upper in the Layer Selection field, OK

Selecting these options results in adding to the table, another columns representing membrane forces, shear forces and displacements at the structure nodes for the upper FE layer. Closes the Results for Finite Elements dialog box.




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18.4 Stress Analysis for All Structure Bars

Results / Stress Analysis / Stress Analysis - Structure

The screen displays a window presenting the structure view, result table in the lower part and the dialog box Stress Analysis - Structure governing stress analysis.

Select the 1: DL1 load case from the set of available load cases

Selects load case for stress analysis.

In the Diagrams tab chose the Mises Max option, switch to the parameters tab and select the Filled option located in the Filling field, Apply

The Robot Millennium performs calculations and presents the stress values on the structure bars, whereas the tabular result window (table) displays the values of the appropriate stresses (see the picture below).




Go to the Maps - Deformation tab in the Stress Analysis - Structure dialog box and switch on the Deformation option

If this option is switched on, then after generating a 3D view presenting stress maps for structure bars, stress maps will be presented on a deformed structure.

Being in the Structure Analysis - structure results table select from the menu - which changes its shape - View / Dynamic View 3D command

Selecting this command allows presenting a structure together with section shapes and accurate detailed stress maps on these sections (the example of the structure with the presented stresses is shown in the figure below).




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19. 3D Steel Structure (Modal and Time History Analyses)

The example presents the definition of a 3D steel structure (simple workshop) as presented in the figure below. Definitions and combinations of loads as well as modal and time history analyses are included in the example. Data units: (ft) and (kip). Combinations will be generated according to LRFD.



the icon in the first row (Frame 3D Design) should be selected.




19.1 Structure Geometry


Geometry / Axis Definition Opens the Structural Axis dialog box.

On the X tab set numbering as A, B, C, place the cursor in the Position field and enter the following numbers: {-22} Insert, {-18} Insert, {0} Insert, {18} Insert, {22} Insert

Defines X coordinates of the vertical axes (in the YZ plane).

On the Y tab set numbering as A, B, C, place the cursor in the Position field and enter the following numbers: {0} Insert, {20} Insert, {40} Insert, {60} Insert, {80} Insert

Defines Y coordinates of the horizontal axes (in the XZ plane).

On the Z tab set numbering as 1, 2, 3, place the cursor in the Position field and enter the following numbers: {0} Insert, {12} Insert, {18} Insert, {22} Insert, Apply, Close

Defines Z coordinates of the horizontal axes (in the XY plane). Generates the structural axes, closes the Structural Axis dialog box.

View / Projection / ZX Displays ZX plane of the structure.



Select the following options in the Bars dialog box: Bar Type: Column Section: W 8X28

Selects bar properties. Note: If the Section list box does not contain the W 8X28

section, the user should click the

button to open the New Section dialog box. In the Standard tab, the user should select:

Database: AISC Family: W Section: W 8X28, Add, Close

Go to the graphical viewer (View) and define the following bars using the structural axes - A1 - A3 - E1 - E3

Defines the columns.




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Switch to the Bars dialog box and select: Bar Type: Beam Section: W 10X45

Selects bar properties. Note: if the Section list box does not contain the W 10X45

section, the user should repeat the operation as in the case of the W 8x28 section.

Go to the graphical viewer and define spandrel beams - A3 - C4 - E3 - C4

Defines the spandrel beams.

Edit / Divide Opens the he Division dialog box.

In the Division field indicate the - into n parts option, and type 3 in the Number of Segments field. Activate the Generate nodes without bar/edge division option. Go to the graphical viewer and perform the operation of division by clicking on the formerly created spandrel beams, Close

Divides the spandrel beam into 3 parts. Closes the Division dialog box.

Switch to the Bars dialog box and select: Bar Type: Simple bar Section: W 10X45


Switch to the graphical viewer and define bars using the structural axes - A2 - B2 - E2 - D2

Defines cantilevers.


Opens the Brackets dialog box.

Opens the New Bracket dialog box.

Type Bracket_1 in the Name field and define the following settings: Bracket Type - Plates, Parameters: Length = 0.20 x Bar Length. Leave the default values of the remaining parameters, Add, Close

Defines a new bracket, closes the New Bracket dialog box.

Indicate the new bracket in the Brackets dialog box, type the spandrel beam numbers in the Bars edit field or, after clicking in the field, indicate the elements in the graphical viewer (with the CTRL button pressed), Apply, Close

Assigns the new bracket to the chosen members, closes the Bracket dialog box.





Selects the SUPORTS layout from the list of available Robot Millennium layouts.

Highlight the Pinned option in the Supports dialog box. Click the mouse cursor in the Current Selection field (the cursor will start to blink). Then, type there the numbers of the bottom column nodes (node no. 1 and 3) or select them in the graphical viewer, Apply

Defines a support.


Selects the initial layout from the list of available Robot Millennium layouts.

Edit / Select All (CTRL+A) Selects the entire structure.

View / Work in 3D / 3Dxyz Displays the 3D view.


In the Translation Vector field type: 0 20 0 (or 0, 20, 0); In the Number of Repetitions field type {4}, Execute, Close

Translates structure elements, closes the dialog box.


Opens the Work Plane dialog box.

Click the right corner of the first frame (or type the coordinates: 22, 0, 18 in the edit field) which will result in selection of the work plane, Apply, Close

Defines the work plane for structure definition/modification.

Select the View

icon from the top toolbar, which opens a next

toolbar. Click the Projection YZ

icon

Displays YZ plane of the structure.


Set the following parameters: Bar Type: Beam, Section: W 8X15. Connect the frame corners defining the following bars: - A3 - B3 - B3 - C3 - C3 - D3 - D3 - E3

Defines elements connecting the right frame corners.






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Click the left corner of the first frame (or type the coordinates 22, 0, 18 in the edit field) which results in selecting the work plane, Apply

Defines the work plane.

By analogy, draw bars connecting left frame corners

Go to 3D view by pressing the 3D

Projection XYZ

icon in the View toolbar

Displays 3D view of the structure.

Go to the Work Plane dialog box and select the work plane corresponding to the frame top by clicking the top of the first frame or entering its coordinates (0, 0, 22), Apply

Defines the work plane.

Click the

button in the top part of the Work Plane dialog box


View / Projection / YZ Displays YZ plane of the structure. Note: as a result of the work plane definition, the structure

view disappears.

Switch to the Bars dialog box and set the following parameters: Bar Type: Beam, Section: W 8X15. Connect the frame corners defining the following bars: - A4 - B4 - B4 - C4 - C4 - D4 - D4 - E4

Defines elements connecting tops of frame corners.



View / Work in 3D / Local System Definition by 3 Points

Opens the Local System Definition dialog box.

In the Point Definition field define the following point coordinates: P1: (22, 0, 18), P2: (22, 20, 18), P3: (0, 0, 22), Apply

Defines a new coordinate system.




Switch to the Bars dialog box and set the following parameters: Bar Type: Beam, Section: W 6X9. Draw purlins connecting successive spandrel beams, Exit

Defines purlins. Closes the additional view. Tip: when drawing the purlins, the user may take advantage of the formerly defined division of spandrel beams, i.e. from the additional nodes on spandrel beams. If the nodes are not visible, the user should switch on the Node numbers option on the Structure tab in the Display dialog box (it may be activated by the View / Display command) and close the dialog box.

In the Point Definition field define the following point coordinates: P1: (-22, 0, 18), P2: (-22, 20, 18), P3: (0, 0, 22), Apply, Close

Defines a new coordinate system, closes the dialog box.

Switch to the Bars dialog box and set the following parameters: Bar Type: Beam, Section: W 6X9. Draw purlins connecting successive spandrel beams, Exit

Defines purlins. Closes the additional view.

Edit / Correct Opens the Structure Correction dialog box (see the picture below).

In the opened dialog box switch on the following options: Entire Structure, Bar Intersections, Geometrical Center, Apply, Close

Eliminates possible errors, closes the dialog box.



Switch to the graphic viewer and select a point belonging to the right wall of the structure, e.g. the corner (22, 0, 18), Apply

Defines the work plane for bracing definition.

Click the

button in the top part of the Work Plane dialog box


View / Projection / Yz Displays the structure view in the YZ plane.




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Switch to the Bars dialog box and set the following parameters: Bar Type: Simple Bar, Section: C 4x5.4. Define the following bars: - A1 - B3 - B1 - A3 - D1 - E3 - E1 - D3

Defines bracings in the right part of the workshop.


Selects the initial layout from the list of available Robot Millennium layouts.

View / Projection / 3D xyz Displays a 3D structure view.

Select C 4x5.4 section and confirm

the operation by pressing

Selects all C 4x5.4 sections in the structure.


Define the following Translation Vector: (-44, 0, 0), Execute, Close

Create bracings for the left wall, closes the Translation dialog box.

Geometry / Releases Opens the Releases dialog box.

Highlight the Pinned - Pinned label

Switch to the graphic viewer and

click the icon

Opens the Selection dialog box.

Select C 4x5.4 section and confirm

the operation by pressing .

Selects all C 4x5.4 sections in the structure.

Switch to the Current Selection field in the Releases dialog box, Apply, Close

Assigns releases to the selected members, closes the dialog box.

Geometry / Additional Attributes / Advanced Bar Properties

Opens the Advanced Properties dialog box.

Click the Tension Bars option, Switch off the Truss bars - only axial forces act option. Enter the numbers of all the bracings into the Bar Lists edit field, Apply, Close

Assigns advanced properties to the members chosen, closes the dialog box.




19.2 Load Definition


Selects the LOADS layout from the list of available Robot Millennium layouts.

Switch to the Load Types dialog box and select the nature: Dead, New

Defines new load case (dead) with standard name DL1.

Select the nature: dead, New

Defines new load case nature (dead) with standard name DL2.

Select the Load Definition icon from the side toolbar


Go to the Bar tab in the dialog box.

Select the Uniform Load


Define the load pz = - 0.25 (kip/ft), Add

Defines the load value and direction, closes the Uniform Load dialog box.

Switch to the Apply To edit field and indicate, in the graphical viewer, all the spandrel beams, Apply, Close

Applies the dead load originating from the roof cladding, closes the Load Definition dialog box.

Select the nature: wind, New

Defines a new load case (wind) with the standard name WIND1.

Select the Load Definition

icon from the side toolbar





Define the load px = 0.25 (kip/ft), The remaining loads, i.e. py and pz should be zeroed out, Add


Switch to the Apply To edit field and indicate columns in the left part of the structure, Apply

Applies the wind load to the left column of the structure.

Reenter the Uniform Load dialog box, enter the load pz = - 0.10 (kip/ft), select Local Coordinate System, Add





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Switch to the Apply To edit field and indicate the spandrel beams belonging to the left part of the roof, Apply, Close

Applies the load to the spandrel beams in the left part of the structure.

By analogy create a new load type. Select nature: wind, New

Defines a new load case nature (wind) with the standard name WIND2.

Select Load Definition

icon from the right-hand toolbar





Define the load px = - 0.25 (kip/ft), Global Coordinate System The remaining loads, i.e. py and pz should be assigned zero values, Add


Switch to the Apply To edit field and indicate columns in the right-hand part of the workshop hall, Apply

Applies the wind load to the column on the right.

Reenter the Uniform Load dialog box, enter the load pz = - 0.10 (kip/ft), select Local Coordinate System, Add


Switch to the Apply To edit field and indicate the spandrel beams of the right-hand part of the roof, Apply, Close

Applies the load to the spandrel beams of the right-hand part of the roof.

Select the nature: snow, New

Defines a new load case nature (snow) with the standard name SN1.







Define the load pz = - 0.25 (kip/ft), set Coordinate System as Global, switch on the Projected load option, Add

Defines the value and direction of the load which will refer to the bar length projected on the plane that corresponds to the direction of force operation. Closes the Uniform Load dialog box.




Switch to the Apply To edit field and indicate, in the graphical viewer, all the spandrel beams, Apply, Close

Applies the snow load, closes the Load Definition dialog box.

Select the nature: live, New

Defines a new load case (live) with the standard name LL1.





Select the Bar Force


Enter the load: FZ = - 2.50 (kip), Add

Defines the live load, closes the Bar Force dialog box.

Place the cursor in the Apply To edit field, switch to the graphic viewer and indicate the left cantilever of the first frame, Apply

Selects element to which the live load will be applied, closes the Load Definition dialog box.

Then reenter the Bar Force dialog box and apply the load: FZ = - 0.50 (kip), Add


Place the cursor in the Apply To edit field, switch to the graphic viewer and indicate the right cantilever the same frame, Apply

Applies the live load (LL1) to the cantilever of the first frame.

Select the nature: live, New

Defines a new load case nature (live) and the standard name LL2.





Select the Bar Force


Enter the load: FZ = - 2.50 (kip), Add


Place the cursor in the Apply To edit field, switch to the graphic viewer and indicate the left cantilever of the second frame, Apply

Selects the element to which the live load will be applied, closes the Load Definition dialog box.




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Then reenter the Bar Force dialog box and apply the load: FZ = - 0.50 (kip), Add


Place the cursor in the Apply To edit field, switch to the graphic viewer and indicate the right cantilever the same frame, Apply

Applies the live load (LL2) to the cantilever of the first frame.

Repeat the same operation for the remaining frames (LL3, LL4 and LL5).

19.3 Load Combination Definition

Tools / Job Preference Opens the Job Preferences dialog box presented in the picture below.

Select the Codes / Actions option and set LRFD in the Code Combinations list box, OK

Select code for combinations, closes the dialog box.

Loads / Code Combinations Opens the Load Case Code Combination dialog box.

Activate the calculations - with the options turned on as shown in the drawing below.




Go to the third tab: Groups. Select the Nature: live in the list box, highlight the LL2 case and transfer it to the right-hand panel by means of

the button. Press Create a group from cases

Creates a second group of cases.

Return to the Group Cases: 1 and create the third load group out of the LL3 load. Repeat the operation until there remains only the LL1 load in the Group Cases: 1.

Creates the remaining groups of cases.

Go to the next tab: Relations. Select the Nature: live from the list box, chose the or(excl) operator. Highlight a given load case and move it to the right panel (see the picture below)

Creates five independently operating cases for all the five live loads.

Go to the Simplified Combinations tab and select the MY and MZ moments and Reactions, switch on the Simplified Combinations option in the bottom part of the dialog box

Allows the user to generate extreme combinations with particular values considered.




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Switch to the Selection. Select all bars and all nodes, Close

Allows the user to generate simplified combinations for the selected bars or nodes. Closes the Load Case Code Combination dialog box.


Tools / Job preferences Opens the Job Preferences dialog box.

Highlight the Structure Analysis option in the tree provided in the dialog box and select the DSC algorithm option, OK

Select the DSC algorithm (discontinuity) which will be used during structure calculations.

Starts the calculation.

19.5 Analysis of Results

Results/Results

Selects the RESULTS layout from the list of available Robot Millennium layouts.

Indicate the FX internal force in the Diagrams dialog box, Apply

Displays the diagram of the FX internal forces in the graphic viewer.

View the results in the structure view. By means of the Select Cases

(top of the screen -

icon) list box, view the results for the remaining loads

Screen-capture the results for the most interesting load case: when in the structure view, select the Screen Capture command from the context menu (RMC)

Opens the Screen Capture dialog box.

Define a name of the screen capture, OK

Defines the screen capture name, closes the dialog box.

Results / Forces As before, view the results for each load case separately by means of the Select Cases list box

Opens the table Forces - cases: with the results displayed.

Select the snow load case and then, chose the Filters option from the context menu.

Opens the Filtering: Forces dialog box.




Select the section: C 4x5.4, Close

Filters the bracings, closes the dialog box.

CTRL+ALT+Q Opens the Screen Capture Label dialog box.

Define a screen capture titled "Bracings", OK

Defines the screen capture named Bracings, closes the dialog box.

Close the results table

19.6 Modal Analysis

Analysis / Analysis Types Opens the Analysis Type dialog box.

Press the New button located in the lower part of the dialog box

Opens the New Case Definition dialog box

Set the name of a new case as Modal_1

The Modal Analysis Parameters dialog box, presented in the drawing below appears on the screen.




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Activate the following options: - Analysis Mode: Modal option - Method: Lanczos Algorithm - Mass Matrix: Lumped with Rotations. Parameters: - Numbers of Modes: 10 - Tolerance: 0.0001 - Number of Iterations: 40 - Damping: 0.05 - Participation Masses: Inactive OK, Close

Confirms the settings, closes the dialog boxes.

Starts calculations.

19.6.1 Analysis of Vibration Eigenmodes

From the list of loads select the load case: Modal_1. Then from the list of modes select the mode: Mode 3

Selects the load case and mode.

Results / Diagrams for Bars Opens the Diagrams dialog box.

On the Deformation tab switch on the Deformation option. In the Diagrams Scale for 1(in) enter the number of structure deformation units for unit length e.g. 1, Apply

Presents the diagrams of the selected vibration modes calculated during structure analysis. Note: if the diagram will not appear in the graphic viewer,

push the Normalize button. Pressing this button results in presenting diagrams of a selected quantity in such a way that the scale will be adjusted to the maximum and minimum value of the indicated quantity.

Switch to the Number of frames list box and enter 15, then switch to the Number of frames / second and introduce 10, Start

Prepares the animation of the selected value based on the parameters assigned and begins the animation. During the presentation, a toolbar presented on the picture below appears on the screen with options used to stop, pause, replay etc.

Results / Advanced / Modal Analysis

Opens the Dynamic Analysis Results table.

While the cursor is located within the table open the context menu by means of RMC and select the Table Columns option

Opens the Dynamic analysis value selection dialog box.

On the Eigenvectors tab activate the following options in the Components field: UX, RZ, OK

Additional columns appear in the table, closes the dialog box.




Place the cursor within the table and press the right mouse button to open the context menu and select the Screen Capture option.

Opens the Screen Capture Label dialog box presented below.

OK Defines screen capture.

File / Printout Composition Opens the Printout Composition - Wizard dialog box.

Go to the Screen Capture tab, highlight the screen capture and click the All button

Adds defined screen captures to the right panel.

Displays the preview of the selected screen capture.

19.7 Time History Analysis

Opens the Analysis Type dialog box.

Press the New button located in the lower portion of the dialog box

Opens the New Case Definition dialog box

Set the name of a new case as Time_1, activate the Time history analysis, OK, accept with Yes the warning about the result status change

The Time History Analysis dialog box.

Click the Function definition button Opens the Time Function Definition dialog box.

In the Function name field enter the name: Wind blast, Add

Defines the function name.

Switch to the Points tab, which appears in the dialog box and define the following points and corresponding values of the function using Add button: T = 0.0 F(T) = 0 T = 0.1 F(T) = 1 T = 0.2 F(T) = 0 T = 1.0 F(T) = 0, Close

The Time Function Definition will be shaped as indicated in the picture below. Closes the dialog box.




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Select the WIND 1 load case, Add, OK

Closes the Time History Analysis dialog box.

Start the calculations clicking the Calculations button

Results / Advanced / Time History Analysis - Diagrams

Opens the Time History Analysis dialog box.

Press the Add button and then set all the options as shown in the picture below, Add

Opens the Diagram Definition dialog box.




Close the dialog box. The recently defined value of displacement in the z direction will appear in the left Available diagrams panel, highlight it.

Press the button, Apply

Transfers the chosen quantity to the right panel. Opens the viewer as shown in the picture below.




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20. Definition of an RC Container

The example presents definition of a reinforced container. Load combinations containing pressure and temperature load cases have been applied here. The American code ACI 318/99 has been used for reinforcement calculations. Data units: (ft) and (kip). The following rules apply during structure definition:


To run structure definition start the Robot program (press the appropriate icon or select the command from the taskbar). The vignette window (described in chapter 2.1) will be displayed on the screen

and the icon in the second row (Shell Design) should be selected.


Structural Axis Definition






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Set the following options: in the Position field - leave the default value (0.00), in the No. of Repet. field - set {2}, in the Distance field - type 20.0 ft, Insert

Inserts axes defined in the edit fields. The result of this operation can be seen in the picture below.

Switch to the Y tab and set: in the Position field - (0.00), in the No. of Repet. field type {1}, in the Distance field - enter 20.0 ft, in the Numbering field select A,B,C

Insert

Inserts axes defined in the edit fields.

Afterwards go to the Z tab set: in the Position field - (0.00), in the No. of Repet. field type {1}, in the Distance field - enter 10.0 ft, in the Numbering field select Define option and in the field on the right type Level 1, Insert, Apply, Close

Displays the defined structure axis on the screen, closes the Structural Axis dialog box.

View / Projection / 3D xyz Displays a 3D view of the structure (see below).




New Thickness Definition

Geometry / Properties / Thickness Opens the New Thickness dialog box.


On the Homogeneous tab enter: Thickness field: {10}, Material field: Concrete Label field: TH10_CONCR for the defined thickness type, Add

Defines new thickness for walls.

On the Homogeneous tab enter: Thickness field: {12}, Elastic Foundation field: 320 (kip/ft3) Material: Concrete Label field: TH12_CONCR, Add, Close

Defines new thickness for the bottom. The recently defined thickness will appear in the Active Thickness Type list.


Reinforcement Definition

Opens the Plate\Shell Reinforcement Type dialog box.

Opens the Reinforcement Parameters dialog box.




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On the General tab activate Along X-Axis option in the Main reinforcement direction field and define the name as Dir_X. In the Reinforcement calculations for shells field select the Type: bending + compression/tension option. On the SLS Parameters tab switch on the Cracking option located in the Calculation range field. Other parameters leave as default. Add, Close

Defines new reinforcement parameters, closes the dialog box.

Once again press the

icon, then on the General tab activate Along Z-Axis option and enter the name: Dir_Z. In the Reinforcement calculations for shells field select the Type: bending + compression /tension option. On the SLS Parameters tab switch on the Cracking option located in the Calculation range field. Other parameters leave as default. Add, Close

Defines new reinforcement parameters, closes Reinforcement Parameters dialog box.

Close Closes the Plate\Shell Reinforcement Type dialog box.

Definition of a Contour of the Longer Side Wall






Place the cursor at the point determined by the intersection of the following axes: 1, B, Level 1 Apply, Close

Enters the appropriate coordinates to the Work Plane dialog box (see the picture below).

View / Projection / Zx Once this option is selected the structure is set on the ZX plane at the recently defined Y-coordinate value (in the example Y = 20).

Opens the Polyline - Contour dialog box with the Contour option switched on.

Press the Geometry button Opens the Geometry portion of the dialog box.

Switch to the graphic viewer, indicate the following points of the contour of the longer side wall as the intersection points of the following structure axes: 1, Level 2, 2, Level 2, 2, Level 1, 1, Level 1, 1, Level 2

Defines the first contour of the longer side wall. Note: to finish contour definition the user should indicate

once again the first point of the contour or type its coordinates.

Define manually the following points in the green field in the geometry portion of the dialog box: (20.0, 20.0, 10.0), Add (40.0, 20.0, 10.0), Add (40.0, 20.0, 0.0), Add (20.0, 20.0, 0.0), Add (20.0, 20.0, 10.0), Add Close

Defines the second contour of the longer side wall. Closes the Polyline - Contour dialog box.

Definition of a Panel of the Longer Side Wall

View / Projection / 3D xyz Displays a 3D view of the defined structure.





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In the Properties field select Dir_Z reinforcement type from the available reinforcement list. In the Thickness field apply the TH10_CONCR thickness. To assign properties of the recently defined panel activate the Internal Point option and indicate a point within each of the two panels of the longer side wall or provide the numbers (1 and 2) of objects which the contour consists of. Close

Defines panels in the construction as shown in the picture below.


Turn off the Numbers and panel description option on the Finite Elements tab, Turn on the Translucent faces option and Color faces on the Hidden lines tab, Apply, OK

Displays only the elements chosen, closes the dialog box.

Bottom Contour Definition



Place the cursor at the point determined by the intersection of the following axes: 1, A, Level 1 Apply, Close

Results in entering the appropriate coordinates to the Work Plane dialog box.

View / Projection / Xy Displays the XY projection. Once the option is selected the structure is set on the XY plane at the recently defined Z coordinate value (default value: Z = 0).


Opens the Polyline - Contour dialog box with Contour option switched on.





Switch to the graphic viewer and indicate the consecutive points of the bottom contour as the intersection points of following structure axes: 1, B, 2, B, 2, A, 1, A, 1, B

Defines first contour of the bottom.

Define manually the following points in the green field in the geometry portion of the dialog box: (20.0, 20.0, 0.0), Add (40.0, 20.0, 0.0), Add (40.0, 0.0, 0.0), Add (20.0, 0.0, 0.0), Add (20.0, 20.0, 0.0), Add Close

Defines second contour of the bottom. Closes the Polyline - Contour dialog box.

View / Projection / 3d xyz Displays the 3D structure projection - see the picture below.

Bottom Panel Definition

Opens the Panel dialog box.

In the Properties field select the Dir_X reinforcement type from the available reinforcement list. In the Thickness field apply the TH12_CONCR thickness. To assign properties of the recently defined panel activate the Internal Point option and indicate a point within each of the two bottom panels or provide the numbers (3 and 4) of the objects that the contour consists of, Close

Defines panels in the construction - see the picture below.




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Definition of a Contour of the Shorter Side Wall

View / Projection / Yz Displays the YZ plane at the recently defined X coordinate value (the default value: X = 0).


Opens the Polyline - Contour dialog box with Contour option switched on.


Switch to the graphic viewer and indicate the consecutive points of the contour of the shorter side wall as the intersection points of the following structure axes: A, Level 2, B, Level 2, B, Level 1, A, Level 1, A, Level 2 Close

Defines the shorter wall contour, closes the Polyline - Contour dialog box.

View / Projection / 3d xyz Displays the 3D structure projection, see the picture below

Definition of the Shorter Wall Panel

Opens the Panel dialog box.

In the Properties field select the Dir_Z reinforcement type from the available reinforcement list. In the Thickness field apply the TH10_CONCR thickness. To assign properties of the recently defined panel activate the Internal Point option and indicate a point within the shorter side wall panel or provide the number (5) of the object that the contour consists of, Close

Defines panels in the construction - see the picture below.




To check panel geometry and reinforcement type select View / Display from the menu


On the Finite Elements tab switch on the Numbers and panel description option and on the Others tab turn off the Structural Axis option, OK

Displays the required elements on the screen.

Copying of the Walls


On the Finite Elements tab switch off the Numbers and panel description option and on the Others tab turn on the Structural Axis option. Apply, OK

Displays selected elements, closes the dialog box.

View / Projection / 3d xyz Displays the 3D structure projection.

Switch to the graphic viewer and select the shorter wall panel (color of the selected panel changes to red).

Selects the shorter wall members.


Define the translation vector manually by typing in the coordinates (20,0,0) of the vector or the appropriate node numbers in the Translation Vector edit field; in the Number of Repetitions field set the number of repetitions as 2. Execute, Close

Translates the selected elements, closes the dialog box. The result of the operation is shown in the picture below.




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Select the longer wall panels with the CTRL key pressed (the color of the selected panels changes to red).

Selects the longer wall panels.


In the Number of Repetitions field define the number of repetitions (1); define the translation vector in the graphical way, Close

Translates the selected elements (see the picture below), closes the dialog box.

Definition of the Container Wall Orientation


On the Structure tab select the Local system option Apply, OK

Displays the local system, closes the Display dialog box. Note: All changes will be performed to obtain the local

coordinate system orientation as in the picture below.




Geometry / Properties / Local Panel Direction

Opens the Local System Orientation dialog box.

To change the sense of the normal for the bottom panels indicate the two bottom panels for which the local coordinate system is to be changed, select the Change of local Z-axis sense option, Apply

Changes the orientation of the bottom panels.

To change the sense of the normal for the longer side wall panels locate the cursor in the Panels field and enter numbers of the appropriate panels (in the example 8 and 9), Apply

Changes the orientation for the selected panels.

Check the same parameters for other walls and modify them if necessary


On the Others tab turn off the Structural Axis option, OK

Displays selected elements on the screen, closes the Display dialog box.

Additional Node Definition

Opens the Nodes dialog box presented in the picture below.

Enter in the Coordinates field: (20.00,10.00,0.00), Add, Close

Defines a node at the geometrical center of the bottom, closes the Nodes dialog box.




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Support Definition


Opens the Support Definition dialog box, which allows definition of the structure support.

On the Rigid tab set on UX, UY and RZ option.

Once these options are selected the displacements in the X and Y direction as well as the rotation about Z-axis will be blocked.

In the Label field set the name for new support (in the exercise Support_1). Others parameters leave as default, Add, Close

Adds a new support blocking the rotation around Z-axis and the displacement along X and Y-axis, closes the dialog box.

From the list of active supports select the support type Fixed on the Linear tab, LMC in the Current Selection field, and then select graphically, with the CTRL key pressed, all external lines surrounding bottom panels, Apply

Applies the fixed support type to the chosen edges.




From the list of active supports select the type (Support_1) on the Nodal tab and in the Current Selection field select a node (no. 1 at the geometrical center of the bottom), Apply, Close

Applies the support which appears on the graphic viewer.

Mesh Parameters Definition

Tools / Job Preferences / Meshing Options Modification, press the Advanced options button in the Meshing Options dialog box


In the Mesh generation field activate the User optionand enter 6 in the Division 1 and Division 2 fields. Other parameters leave as default, OK

Defines mesh generation options, closes the Advanced Meshing Options dialog box.

OK Closes the Job preferences dialog box.


Loads / Loads Types Opens the Load Types dialog box.

In the Load Types set the load nature as dead and press the New button

Defines the load nature (dead) with the standard name (DL1).

Set the load nature as live and press the New button twice

Defines two live loads with the standard names (LL1, LL2).

To define the subsequent temperature load type, set the load nature as temperature and press the New button, Close

Defines the load nature (temperature) with the standard name (TEMP1). The recently defined loads (DL1, LL1, LL2 and TEMP1) appear on the list of available load cases (see the picture below). Closes the Load Types dialog box.




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Loads / Load Definition Opens the Load Definition dialog box. Note: self-weight will be automatically applied to the whole

structure.

Select the LL1 case on the list of load cases

Selects load case.

Switch to the Surface tab and select the Hydrostatic Pressure option

Opens the Pressure dialog box.

In the opened dialog box enter the following values: {0.10} in the Pressure value P field {0.15} in the Unit weight of liquid field {7} in the Liquid level h field, Add

Defines hydrostatic load parameters, closes the Pressure dialog box.

Select the entire external wall (except the bottom walls) with CTRL,

Apply

Applies a load resulting from backfill pressure (LL1) to the chosen panels.



Once again select the Hydrostatic Pressure option


Define the following parameters: {0} in the Pressure value P. field {0.12} in the Unit weight of liquid field {10} in the Liquid level h field, Add





Select the walls of one of the container chambers (in the example the chamber on the right), Apply

Applies the load resulting from the pressure of water contained in one chamber (LL2) to the selected panels as shown below.

Select the TEMP1 case on the list of load cases

Selects a load case.

In the Surface tab select the Thermal

Load 3p option

Opens the Thermal Load 3p dialog box

On the Values tab with the Uniform option activated, enter the value: 30 in the Gradient field, Add

Defines temperature parameters, closes the dialog box. Note: switching on the Uniform option ensures that

the temperature load applied to the surface structure element (panel) will be uniform.

Select all the side walls and bottom walls, Apply

Applies temperature gradient to the external wall surfaces and the bottom (TEMP1).



Loads / Combinations Opens the Combination Definition/Modification dialog box.

Define all the settings as shown in the picture below, OK





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Select a load case from the Case List, enter a factor value for the selected load case in the Factor field

Defines the factor value. Note: If the auto option is selected, the factor defined for the

selected load nature will be applied automatically.

Press the

button and repeat the above operations three times for the consecutive load cases, Apply, Close

Defines load cases for the combination (as shown below), closes the Combinations dialog box. If all the defined load cases are to be considered in the combination, press the

button. Note: For all the natures, the default factors have been

applied and button used.


Runs structure analysis.

Results / Maps Opens the Maps dialog box which is used to display the calculation results in the map form.





Go to the Loads tab and switch off the Symbols option, Go to the Structure tab and switch off Local system option, OK

Stops presentation of the load symbols and the local system, closes the Display dialog box.

Selects a load case for presentation.

Detailed tab: select the z option in the Displacements - u,w field, Scale tab: select the Basic option in the Color Palette field, Apply

Displays maps of the displacement perpendicular to the element s surface on the screen (see the picture below). Note: only one value may be selected in the dialog box.


Open the context menu (RMC), select the Table columns option


Choose the Displacements u,w in direction z option, OK

Adds another column (with displacements included) to the table. Closes the dialog box.




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20.5 Reinforcement Calculations

View / Projection / Xy Displays the XY plane for the recently defined Z-coordinate (the default value: Z=0). Structure components from this plane will be displayed.

Analysis / Design of RC Structure Elements / RC Plate and Shell Design / Required Reinforcement

Displays graphic viewer, Plate and Shell Reinforcement and Reinforcements dialog boxes on the screen.

In the Reinforcements dialog box switch on the Ay option in the [-] Bottom line and then activate the open new window with scale displayed option.

Defines reinforcement parameters.

In the Plate and Shell Reinforcement dialog box press the

button in the ULS line

Opens the ULS selection dialog box.

In the List of panels enter 3 4




Choose the third load case LL2 and


Selects the load case, closes the ULS dialog box.

Press the

button next to the List

of panels edit field

In the Selection dialog box, on the Attrib. tab select the Thickness option, then in the selection field select TH12_CONCR (the thickness assigned to the bottom panels) and


Once the option is selected, the objects will be added to the current selection. Note: if the selection has not been made, calculations will

be performed for the whole structure.

In the Method list select analytical method, Calculate

Selects reinforcement calculation options, starts calculations, displays results on the screen. Note: White color in the reinforcement map means that in

this area the constructional reinforcement is needed.

20.6 Mesh Refinement

Analysis / Calculation Model / Meshing Options Press the Advanced options button in the Meshing Options dialog box





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In the Mesh Generation field activate the User option and enter 12 in the Division 1 and Division 2 fields. Other parameters leave as default, OK, accept with Yes the warning about the result status change

Changes meshing options, closes the dialog box.

Analysis / Calculations Start calculations, displays the refined mesh on the screen - see the picture at the example beginning.

Opens the Selection dialog box as shown below.

On the list under the All button select the Panel option. In the field above the Previous button enter the numbers of panels to be chosen (except for panel no. 9) 1to8, Close

Selects panels, closes the dialog box.

Analysis / Calculation Model / Mesh Freeze

Selecting these option results in freezing the mesh hitherto generated for the finite elements. When the calculation model is created again, the mesh will remain unchanged (generation will be performed for panels for which a mesh of finite elements has not been created).

Structure Model/Geometry

Selects the Geometry layout from the list of available Robot Millennium layouts.

View / Projection / Zx Sets the structure on the ZX plane.


Opens the Work Plane dialog box. Note: as the construction is set on the ZX plane, the Work

Plane dialog box will display only the Y coordinate field unblocked.




In the Y coordinate field enter the value 0, Apply

Selecting this option causes the construction to be edited while being projected on the ZX plane where the Y coordinate value equals 0.


Opens the Objects toolbar and the Circle dialog box shown below.

In the Definition Method part of the dialog box select the center - radius option

Selecting this option causes the circle to be defined using the center and a point on its circumference.

Open the Geometry part of the dialog box and define the circle by defining the coordinates of the circle center (30.00,0.00,5,00) and entering the radius value (2,50) in the Radius field, Apply, Close

Defines circle, closes the dialog box.




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The program begins to generate the calculation model of the structure (finite elements).

View / Projection / 3d xyz Displays a 3D view of the structure.

Analysis / Calculations Starts calculations.

Structure Results/Results maps

Detailed tab: select the z option in the Displacements - u,w field, Scale tab: select the Automatic scale option in the Color Palette field, Apply

Displays maps of the displacement perpendicular to the element s surface on the screen (see the picture above). Note: only one value may be selected in the dialog box.




21. Definition of a Steel Container

The example presents definition of a steel container model. Hydrostatic pressure and temperature loads as well as wind loads generated according to the ASCE 7-98 code are used here.

Data units: (ft) and (kip). The following rules apply during structure definition:


To run structure definition start the Robot program (press the appropriate icon or select the command from the taskbar). The vignette window (described in chapter 2.1) will be displayed on the screen

and the icon in the second row (Shell Design) should be selected.


New Thickness Definition

Geometry / Properties / Thickness Opens the FE Thickness dialog box.


On the Homogeneous tab enter: Thickness field: 1 (in), Material field: STEEL Label field: TH_1 for the defined thickness type, Add, Close

Defines new thickness for walls.


Definition of a Cylinder Object

View / Projection / 3d xyz Displays the 3D structure projection

Geometry / Objects / Cylinder Opens the Cylinder dialog box.

Center-radius Changes the method of cylinder base definition to center and radius.


Point P: 0.0; 0.0; 0.0 Radius: 10 Height: 50

Defines center of the base at point (0; 0; 0), base radius 10 (ft) and cylinder height 50 (ft).

Press the Parameters button Opens the Parameters portion of the dialog box.




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Sides: 24 Number of divisions: 10

The base circle is approximated by a 2D figure having 24 sides, side surface of the cylinder is divided into 10 finite elements over the height.

Apply Defines the cylinder, see the figure below

Support Definition


From the list of active supports select the Pinned support type onthe Planar tab, LMC in the Current Selection field and then select graphically the bottom panel of the cylinder object 1_REF(1),

Defines a support on the cylinder base.

Close Closes the Supports dialog box.


Loads / Load Types Opens the Load Types dialog box.

In the Load Types dialog box set the load nature as dead and press the New button

Defines the load nature (dead) with the standard name (DL1).

Set the load nature as live and press the New button

Defines the live load with the standard name (LL1).




To define the subsequent temperature load type, set the load nature as temperature and press the New button, Close

Defines the load nature (temperature) with the standard name (TEMP1). The recently defined loads (DL1, LL1 and TEMP1) appear on the list of available load cases. Closes the Load Types dialog box.

Loads / Load Definition Opens the Load Definition dialog box. Note: self-weight will be automatically applied to the whole

structure.


Selects load case.

Switch to the Surface tab and select the Hydrostatic Pressure icon


In the opened dialog box enter the following values: {0.15} in the Unit weight of liquid field {40} in the Liquid level h field, Add


On the Apply to list enter the number of the cylinder object: 1, Apply

Defines hydrostatic load on the cylinder




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Positive hydrostatic pressure in the program acts in conformity with the normal axis sense in the local system of the plane; take note that in the cylinder base the system should be reversed for the load to act in conformity with the hydrostatic pressure

Definition of the Cylinder Wall Orientation

Geometry / Properties / Local Panel Direction

Opens the Local System Orientation dialog box.

To change the sense of the normal to the bottom panels indicate the bottom panel of cylinder

object 1_REF(1), select the Change of local Z-axis sense option, Apply, close the Local System Orientation dialog box

Changes the orientation of the bottom panels.

Load applied to the cylinder base has been reversed together with the normal axis sense in the local system of the plane.

Temperature Load Definition

Select the TEMP1 case on the list of load cases


On the Surface tab select the Thermal Load 3p option

Opens the Thermal Load 3p dialog box




In the Values field with the Uniform option activated, enter the value: 100 in the Temperature dT1 field, Add

Defines temperature parameters, closes the dialog box.

Select the side walls of the cylinder (object 1_Side(1)), Apply

Applies temperature to the external wall surfaces (TEMP1).


Wind Load Definition

Loads / Special loads / Wind on cylinders

Opening of the Snow/Wind Loads dialog box for wind load generation according to ASCE 7-98

Define the following parameters: active options: Wind : X+

change the option: Structure type Category: round moderately smooth Number of faces: 24

The program generates the wind load from the direction X+ for the object with vertical axis Z, at point (0; 0; 0)

Note: The number of faces should be congruous with the number of faces in an axisymmetric object.

Press the Parameters button Opens the additional dialog box (Snow/Wind Loads), where detailed parameters may be defined

Define parameters of the snow/wind load: General tab: Exposure category: A Building category: II Basic wind velocity: 90 (mph)

Defines parameters of wind loads

the Specific tab:

For Gust effect factor Gset the value Building natural frequency - n1 : 6.66

Defines parameters of wind loads

Note: the natural frequency can be calculated by means of dynamic modal analysis.

the Segments tab:

Define Name: A, Height 30 (ft), New Define Name: B, Height 50 (ft), New

Defines successive segments. For each of the segments, i.e. parts over the object height, the wind load is generated independently because of varying wind pressure or structure width.

Generate Pressing the button starts the generation of snow and wind loads with the accepted parameters.

Close the editor showing the calculation notes

The calculation note appears on the screen. It presents the parameters of snow/wind load cases





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Go to the Loads tab and switch on the Symbols option, OK

Presents the load symbols, closes the Display dialog box.



Define all the settings as shown in the picture below, OK


Select a load case from the Case List, enter a factor value for the selected load case in the Factor field

Defines the factor value. Note: if the auto option is selected, the factor defined for the

selected load nature will be applied automatically according to the code combination selected in Job Preferences.




Press the

button and repeat the

above operations three times for the consecutive load cases (1 to 3), Apply,

Defines load cases for the combination (as shown below).


Yes in the message box Saves the previous combination

Default settings, OK

Applies default settings and name to the new combination. Opens the Combinations dialog box.

Choose a load case and press the

button for the load cases (1 2 and 4), Apply,

Defines load cases for the combination: DL1 + LL1 + WindX


Yes int the message box Saves the previous combination

Default settings, OK

Applies default settings and name to the new combination. Opens the Combinations dialog box.

Choose a load case and press the

button for the load cases (1 and 4), Apply, Close

Defines load cases for the combination: DL1 + Wind X. Closes the Combinations dialog box.


Runs structure analysis.




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Go to the Loads tab and switch off the Symbols option

Stops presentation of the load symbols.

Go to the Finite elements tab and switch off the Numbers and panels description option, OK

Stops presentation of the object descriptions; closes the Display dialog box.

Results / Maps Opens the Maps dialog box, which is used to display the calculation results in the map form.

Selects a load case for presentation.

The envelope of all combination cases will be displayed on maps.

Detailed tab: select the z option in the Displacements - z field, Apply

Displays maps of the displacement normal to the element s surface on the screen (see the figure below).

Open new window with scale displayed, Apply

Opens a new window with the view of a displacement map and scale.





Open the context menu (RMC), select the Table columns option


Switch on the None option on the Detailed tab

Excludes results given on the Detailed tab from the table.

The Complex tab; switch on Stresses-s

Adds to the table stresses reduced according to the von Mises hypothesis.

The Parameter tab; change the Layer selection to upper, OK

Selects stresses for the upper layer, Closes the Results for Finite Elements dialog box.

Selects the load case for presentation.

The combination cases will be displayed in the table.

Change to Global extremes tab in the table.

Calculates maximum stresses for combination cases in the table.




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22. Definition of a Solid / Thin-walled Section

The example presents the definition of solid/thin-walled sections. The results obtained for the sections mentioned are also presented here. The sections are saved to the user s database. Data units: (ft) and (kip).



the icon in the last row (Section definition) should be selected.

22.1 Solid Section


File / New Section / Solid Starts definition of a solid section.

View / Grid Step Opens the Grid step definition dialog box.

{Dx}, {Dy} = 0.2 Defines a grid step.

Apply, Close Closes the dialog box.

Opens the Circle dialog box.

Enter the following points in the Center and Radius fields: Center: (0,0), Radius: 4, Apply

Defines the external circle.

Enter the following points in the Center and Radius fields: Center: (0,0), Radius: 3.8, Apply

Defines the internal circle.

Closes the Circle dialog box.

LMC on the external contour Selects the external contour.

Contour / Properties Opens the Properties dialog box.

STEEL, Apply, Cancel Selects the material type and closes the dialog box.

Results / Geometric Properties / Results

Starts calculations of section properties. The dialog box presented below is opened on the screen.




Switch on the

Torsional constant option, Calculate

Starts calculations of the torsional constant. The results are presented on the Principal tab.

Calculation Note Opens the calculation note with the section data and results.

Close the calculation note

LMC on the Close button Closes the Results dialog box.

File / Save to Databases Opens the Saving section to databases dialog box.

Enter: Database: User Name: Circ Dimension 1: 4.0 Dimension 2: 0.2 Dimension 3: 0.2

Sets the section properties.

Section Type: select circle symbol Selects the section type.

Enter: h = 4.0, t = 0.2 Defines section dimensions.

OK Saves the section to the database.




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22.2 Thin-Walled Section

Starts definition of the thin-walled section.

Opens the Section definition dialog box.

Selects the method of section definition.

Enter a thickness value: 0.08 Defines the thickness of the thin-walled section.

Enter the following points: P1 (0.0, 0.0), Apply P2 (3.0, 0.0), Apply P2 (0.0, -3.0), Apply P2 (3.0, -3.0), Apply

Defines the characteristic points of a Z-shaped section.

Closes the Section definition dialog box.

Results / Geometric Properties / Results

Starts calculations of section properties. The dialog box presented below is opened on the screen.

LMC on the Close button Closes the Results dialog box.

Results / Geometric Properties / Graphical Results

Opens the Diagrams dialog box.




Turn the Somega (s) option on, Apply

Selection of section properties for presentation. The diagram shown below will be presented on the Z-shaped section.

Close Closes the Diagrams dialog box.


robot training manual eng 180

Documents

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wizard dialog

appearing

reinforcements

reinforcements

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translation

typical concrete