robert speed project overview ec(2)
TRANSCRIPT
River Health and Environmental Flows in
China – Project Overview 中国河流健康与生态用水项目概况
Robert Speed, Team Leader
罗伯特·斯皮德 项目主管
November 2010
Overview 概述
1. Introduction to River Heath and E-flows Project
河流健康及生态用水项目简介
2. River health assessment methodology
河流健康评估方法
3. Summary of the Gui River pilot work
妫河试点工作简介
4. Summary of the Yellow River pilot work
黄河试点工作简介
Overview 概述
1. Introduction to River Heath and E-flows Project
河流健康及生态用水项目简介
2. River health assessment methodology
河流健康评估方法
3. Summary of the Gui River pilot work
妫河试点工作简介
4. Summary of the Yellow River pilot work
黄河试点工作简介
Project objective 项目目标
• Trial international approaches to river health
assessment and environmental flows
assessment 采用国际通用的评估方法评估河流健康与生态用水
• Consider application to national-level policies
将改革方法在全国范围内推广
Liao River
Basin辽河盆地
- River health河流健康
Yellow River
Basin黄河盆地
-E-flows 生态用水
-River health河
流健康
Pearl River Basin珠江盆地
- River health
assessment河流健康评
估
Presentation Heading
August
2009 2009年八月
December
2009 2009年十二月
July
2011 2011年七月
December
2010 2010年12月
Inception
phase项目启动阶段
Pilot study phase 项目试点阶段
Project wrap
up项目收尾阶段
Agreement
on scope and
objectives
确定项目目标及范围
Capacity
building能力建设
Fieldwork
and data
collection
田野工作和数据收集
Data analysis
数据分析
Presentation
of pilot results
Distil lessons
总结经验教训
Final workshop
and final report
Further
work???后续工作
Project timeline项目时间安排
Overview 概述
1. Introduction to River Heath and E-flows Project
河流健康及生态用水项目简介
2. River health assessment methodology
河流健康评估方法
3. Summary of the Gui River pilot work
妫河试点工作简介
4. Summary of the Yellow River pilot work
黄河试点工作简介
River health assessment methodology
河流健康评估方法
Underlying philosophy 基本原理 1. River health is important 河流健康很重要
2. River health is much more than the quality of the water河流健康不仅仅包括水质达标
3. Biological indicators can be more sensitive to changes in
river condition生物指标更易于反映河流健康状况
4. Biological monitoring programs can provide valuable
support to management生物监测可以为流域管理者提供有价值的帮助
5. Monitoring should focus on assets of importance监测范围应该集中在重要的河流资产
River health assessment methodology
河流健康评估方法
Objective 目标 • Ability to compare sites against each over 不同评估地点之间存在可比性
• Understand likely cause of changes in river health 理解影响河流健康的因素
• Assess effectiveness of management responses评估管理效率
• Report on river health提供河流健康报告
River health assessment methodology
河流健康评估方法
Key issues 主要问题 • What to measure? 需要评估的内容
– Many indicators available: which are relevant? 有许多不同的指标可供评估,应当选取哪种?
• What do the results mean? 评估结果的意义
– What is a good score, what is a bad score? 何为优良的评估结果?何为不达标的评估结果?
• How to use the results? 如何应用评估结果
Building a river health monitoring program
构建河流健康评估项目
Proof of concept概念论证
Pilot studies试点研究
Routine monitoring例行监测
Overview 概述
1. Introduction to River Heath and E-flows Project
河流健康及生态用水项目简介
2. River health assessment methodology
河流健康评估方法
3. Summary of the Gui River pilot work
妫河试点工作简介
4. Summary of the Yellow River pilot work
黄河试点工作简介
Objectives of the pilot study 试点研究目标
• Demonstrate a method for developing a river
monitoring program
• 阐述开展河流健康监测项目的方法
• Undertake a preliminary assessment of the condition of
the pilot site 开展试点河流健康初步评估
• Only a demonstration: limits on the results
仅供演示:结果的局限性
Gui River – Pearl
River Basin
Preliminary steps
评估的准备工作
• Agree on approach to pilot
确定评估方法
• Agree on objectives –
sensitive indicators due to
high conservation value
确定评估目标
• Identify sites确定评估试点
• Determine data to be
collected确定采集数据类型
Fieldwork to collect samples
取样的田野工作
Fish鱼
Diatom硅藻
Macroinvertebrates大型底栖无脊椎动物
Channel condition
河道状况
Macrophytes
大型植物
Phylum Arthropoda Mollusca Mollusca Mollusca Mollusca Mollusca Mollusca Mollusca
Class Crustacea Bivalvia Gastropoda Gastropoda Bivalvia Gastropoda Gastropoda Gastropoda
编号 Order Decapoda Mytiloida
编号 Family
Atyidae Mytilidae Viviparidae Lymnaeidae Corbiculidae Lymnaeidae Valvatidae Melaniidae
编号 Genera Caridina Limnoperna Bellamya Radix corbicula physa Valvata Semisulcospira
编号 Species lacustris aeruginosa Radixswinboei fluminea
编号 Species name_Chinese
米虾属 淡水壳菜 铜锈 椭圆 河蚬 膀胱螺 盘螺 短沟卷
No.1 平度村 0 0 0 1 0 0 0 0
No.2 龙江 0 0 0 0 3 0 0 0
No.3 富罗 71 1 1 27 7 1 4 38
No.4 黄姚 110 0 4 0 12 0 0 0
No.5 下福水电站 0 0 0 4 1 0 6 11
No.6 siqinjiang2 7 23 0 0 43 0 6 57
No.7
红花镇siqinjiang1 0 0 0 3 5 32 0 0
No.8 昭平水电站 2 216 1 1 0 0 0 2
No.9 恭城水文站 0 0 5 25 0 0 0 31
No.10 龙岭 10 0 3 6 4 0 52 28
No.11 荔浦水文站 138 0 0 0 0 11 0 0
No.12 念村 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
No.13 阳朔水文站 27 0 0 0 0 0 0 1
No.14 遇龙河 32 0 1 0 0 0 0 17
No.15 冠岩 10 0 1 1 11 1 4 7
No.16 潮田河 1 0 0 3 0 0 0 0
No.17 新寨 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
No.18 桂林水文站 47 0 3 8 1 3 0 0
No.19 兰田 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
No.20 东江 0 0 0 0 0 0 9 0
No.21 灵渠 37 0 9 8 6 2 7 1
No.22 大榕江 10 0 6 9 1 0 0 0
No.23
杉木河(猫儿山) 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
No.24 六洞河 0 1 0 0 0 0 0 8
No.25 乌龟江 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
Collation of data数据的校对
Testing indicators against a disturbance
gradient 测试指标与干扰梯度
Disturbance gradient 干扰梯度
Low低 High高
Ecolo
gic
al health indic
ato
r
生态健康指
标
Reference values 参考值
Classification 河流分类 Different types of river
will:
不同的河流:
Require different
indicators
要求不同的指标
Have different
targets
目标也不同
Presentation Heading
Weighting indicator scores指标分数加权
Concentration,浓度
Freq.
(# obs.),监测频率 All sites – all years,所有点,所有年
95th %’ile 50th %’ile
Single site,
– report year,单个点,报告当年
80th %’ile
Reference sites
– all years,参考点,所有年
0
(worst case),最差
1
(reference),参考点
Standard to achieve values
达到规定值的标准
Convert all values to common scale to allow comparison把所有数值转化为通用量表使其具有可比性
Compare values against:结果比较
- other sites in study; other studies 与其他点进行比较,与其他研究结果进行比较
- national standards; international standards国家标准,国际标准
Overview 概述
1. Introduction to River Heath and E-flows Project
河流健康及生态用水项目简介
2. River health assessment methodology
河流健康评估方法
3. Summary of the Gui River pilot work
妫河试点工作简介
4. Summary of the Yellow River pilot work
黄河试点工作简介
Mengjin
wetlands
孟津湿地
Zhengzhou
wetlands
郑州湿地
Kaifeng
wetlands
开封湿地
Dongping
Lake
东平湖
Delta
wetlands
三角洲湿地
River channel
河道 Reaches and Assets
河段及资产
1
2
3
4
Start with objectives (from YRCC)
制定目标(根据黄河水利委员会)
• 1 × Ultimate target最终目标
– ―Keeping the Yellow River Healthy‖保持黄河健康
• 4 × Criteria (―the 4-nos‖)标准(四不准)
– No embankment breaching不准有河堤决口
– No river running dry不准河流枯竭
– No water pollution beyond standard水污染物不得超标
– No riverbed rising further河床不得继续上升
Establish a framework (from YRCC)
建立框架(根据黄河水利委员会)
―Healthy Indicators of the Yellow River‖
黄河健康指标
• Flow continuity水流连续性
• Channel configuration for water and
sediment transportation河水及沉积物流经的河床外貌
• Water quality standard河水水质标准
• River ecosystem河水生态系统
• Water supply capacity河水供应能力
Hydrology水文类
Geomorphology
地形类
Water quality水质
Ecology生态类
Social-economic
社会经济类
Indicator groups
指标类别
Presentation Heading Presentation Heading
River Health Index河流健康指数
Social/Economic 社会方面或经济方面
Fish鱼
Physical form外形 Hydrology水文 Water quality水质 Ecology生态
Environmental 环境方面
Indicators…指标
Invertebrates无脊椎动物
Vegetation植物
Wetland vegetation湿地植物
(remote sensing)(遥感获得)
Primary productivity基本生产力
Hydraulic habitat水力栖息环境
Survey and modelling 调查与模拟
0
1,000
2,000
3,000
4,000
Exceed
ed
5%
of
tim
e -
wate
r-sed
imen
t re
gu
lati
on
seaso
n d
ail
y
dis
ch
arg
e (
m3/s
)
Jun - Jul - Aug - Sep
Huayuankou
Sunkou
Huayuankou
Lijin
Sediment flushing flow冲刷沉积物的水流量
(flow exceeded 5% of the time)(水流量以5%的速度递增 )
Xiaolangdi Dam小浪底水坝
First releases第一次放水
Target 3,500 m3/s
目标为3,500立方米每秒
No drying-up河床不得枯竭
0
50
100
150
200
250
300
350
Days o
f cease t
o f
low
LijinCumulative annual days of cease to f low
Annual peak cease to f low spell duration
Xiaolangdi Dam
小浪底水坝
Trend in water quality (Grade III target)
水质趋势(三级目标)
0.0 0.2 0.4 0.6 0.8 1.0
1994
1995
1996
1997
1998
1999
2000
2001
2002
2003
2004
2005
2006
2007
2008
2009
Annual - Proportion of months target achieved
0.0 0.2 0.4 0.6 0.8 1.0
1994
1995
1996
1997
1998
1999
2000
2001
2002
2003
2004
2005
2006
2007
2008
2009
High flow - Proportion of months target achieved
0.0 0.2 0.4 0.6 0.8 1.0
1994
1995
1996
1997
1998
1999
2000
2001
2002
2003
2004
2005
2006
2007
2008
2009
Low flow - Proportion of months target achieved
Huayuankou花园口
Channel capacity河道容量
0
1,000
2,000
3,000
4,000
5,000
6,000
7,000
8,000
9,000
1950 1955 1960 1965 1970 1975 1980 1985 1990 1995 2000 2005
Dis
ch
arg
e (
m3/s
)
Huayuankou bankfull capacity (measured)
Lijin bankfull capacity (Ru et al., 2003)
Huayuankou f lood season average discharge
5-year moving average
Target
Delta growth三角洲的增长
0
5
10
15
20
25
0
10
20
30
40
50
60
70
80
90
100
An
nu
al
sed
imen
t lo
ad
(10
8to
nn
es)
An
nu
al
dis
ch
arg
e (
10
9m
3)
Discharge Sediment load Delta equilibrium sediment load (Wang K et al., 2007)
rapidaccretion
accretion -erosion
slowerosion
Change in area of delta (Chu et al., 2006)
Lijin
2001 2009
NASA/GSFC/METI/ERSDAC/JAROS, and U.S./Japan ASTER
Science Team美国国家航空和宇宙航行局/美国戈大太空飞行中心/
日本地球遥感数据分析中心/JAROS以及日美ASTER技术合作小组
Presentation Heading Presentation Heading Presentation Heading
River Health Index河流健康指数
Social/Economic 社会方面或经济方面
Fish鱼
Physical form外形 Hydrology水文 Water quality水质 Ecology生态
Environmental 环境方面
Indicators…指标
Invertebrates无脊椎动物
Vegetation植物
Wetland vegetation湿地植物
(remote sensing)(遥感获得)
Primary productivity基本生产力
Hydraulic habitat水力栖息环境
Survey and modelling 调查与模拟
Environmental flow requirements
生态用水要求
• Consolidation of existing studies, together with expert opinion
进一步验证现有研究并参考专家观点
• Identify flow requirements for the key assets (wetlands, delta),
focussed on:确定重要资产(湿地,三角洲)对水流的要求,关注:
– Fish 鱼
– Vegetation 植物
– Birds鸟
• Hydrological model to assess capacity to achieve recommended
flows用于评估达到推荐水流的水文模型
Presentation Heading
Next steps接下来
• Final reports and report cards for pilot sites – February 2011
试点的最终报告及报告卡——2011年2月
• Final project workshop in Beijing – April/May 2011
在北京举行项目的结题报告会——2011年4月或5月
Conclusions 总结(1)
• Many different policy decisions relating to:许多不同政策制定均与以下各因素相关:
– What is an acceptable level of health 河流健康的可接受底线
– How information should be presented 信息的表现方式
– Suitability of different methods and indicators 各种不同方法及评估指标的适用性
• Suitability will depend on: 这些适用性主要由以下各因素决定:
– Objectives 目标
– Resources 资源
– Capacity 能力
Conclusions 总结(2)
• Importance of making informed decisions知情决策的重要性
– Awareness of what is important in the river找出哪些对于河流是至关重要的
– Understanding the flow requirements of the ecosystem
掌握生态系统对水流的要求
– Understanding the health of our river system认识河流系统的健康
– Conscious decisions about what is acceptable and what is not;
and what we will do about it
确定哪些是可以接受的,哪些不可以接受,以及为此该如何做