robert houze university of washington (with contributions from b. smull) winter monex summer monex...
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Robert HouzeRobert HouzeUniversity of WashingtonUniversity of Washington
(with contributions from B. Smull(with contributions from B. Smull))
Winter MONEXWinter MONEX Summer MONEXSummer MONEX
Presented at: International Conference on MONEX and its Legacy, 3-7 Feb 2005, New Delhi
Johnson & Houze 1987
Houze et al. 1981
WINTER MONEXWINTER MONEXDiurnal variation of high cloudiness near BorneoDiurnal variation of high cloudiness near Borneo
08 LST08 LST 20 LST20 LST
14 LST14 LST 02 LST02 LST
S. CHINA SEA
December1978
Bintulu
BORNEO
Houze et al. 1981
Radar Obs. of WINTER MONEX Borneo cloud systemRadar Obs. of WINTER MONEX Borneo cloud system
Stratiform Precipitation
Bintulu
Mapes et al. 2003
Pacific
Pacific
South America
South America
Andes
Andes
Diurnal gravity wave generation of mesoscale convection over coastal South America
Johnson & Houze 1987
300 mb wind & sfc pressure850 mb wind
Percent High Cloudiness in the Summer MonsoonPercent High Cloudiness in the Summer Monsoon
May-September 19991999
< 235 K < 210 K
Zuidema 2002
Diurnal cycle, mean percent high cloudiness, 1999
Cloud Top < 210 K
Zuidema 2002
Zuidema 2002
r < 85 km
r = 140-210 km
r = 85-140 km
r > 210 km
Location of cloud systems by horizontal dimension May-September 1999
CloudTop
< 210 K
equator
NOAA ShipRonald H. Brown
Webster et al. 2002
Zuidema 2002
JASMINE Mesoscale Convective SystemsJASMINE Mesoscale Convective SystemsDefined & tracked by 218 K infrared thresholdDefined & tracked by 218 K infrared threshold
JASMINE 1999, Ship Track & Satellite DataJASMINE 1999, Ship Track & Satellite Data
85-90 E85-90 E
ShipTrack
Webster et al. 2002
IR Temperature
08:30 LST
IR Temperature
11:30 LST
IR Temperature
14:30 LST
IR Temperature
17:30 LST
IR Temperature
20:30 LST
IR Temperature
Ship radar
20:30 LST
2345 LST 22 May 99 0215 LST 23 May 99 0615 LST 23 May 99
JASMINE 1999JASMINE 1999
Ship Radar DataShip Radar Data
Doppler Radial Velocity
Reflectivity
Reflectivity
JASMINE 1999JASMINE 1999
Ship Radar DataShip Radar Data
22 May 19992300 LST
Doppler Radial Velocity
Reflectivity
Reflectivity
JASMINE 1999JASMINE 1999
Ship Radar DataShip Radar Data
22 May 19992143 LST
JASMINE Ship RadarData
TRMM PrecipitationRadar Swath
23 May 1999 0650 LST
23 May 1999 0650 LST
TRMM Precipitation Radar shows extensive stratiform structureTRMM Precipitation Radar shows extensive stratiform structure
SUMMER MONEXSUMMER MONEX
6 July 19796 July 1979
850 mb wind
Houze & Churchill 1987
Houze & Churchill 1987
SUMMER MONEXSUMMER MONEX
6 July 19796 July 1979
NOAA P3 AircraftNOAA P3 Aircraft
Radar
Microphysics
14N
20N
88E 92E88E 92E
14N
20N
850 mb wind
SUMMER MONEXSUMMER MONEX
8 July 19798 July 1979
Houze & Churchill 1987
Radar
MicrophysicsSUMMER MONEXSUMMER MONEX
8 July 19798 July 1979
NOAA P3 AircraftNOAA P3 Aircraft
16N
20N
82E 86E82E 86E
16N
20N
Houze & Churchill 1987
SUMMER MONEXSUMMER MONEX
Microphysics, All P3 flights, 3-8 July 1979Microphysics, All P3 flights, 3-8 July 1979
Houze & Churchill 1987
Columns
Needles
Drops
AggregatesPlates
Dendrites
Columns Plates & Dendrites
Aggregates &Drops
Flig
ht
Lev
el T
emp
erat
ure
(d
eg C
)
0
-5
-10
-15
-20
-25
Relative Frequency of Occurrence
Melting
Intense Convective Wide Stratiform
°N
°E
TRMM Precipitation RadarTRMM Precipitation RadarJune-Sept, 2002-2003June-Sept, 2002-2003
Oceanic convection in both winter and summer monsoons occur in deep, broad mesoscale convective systems, often diurnally forced
Ground and airborne radars showed that precipitation in the mature mesoscale convective systems was predominantly stratiform
Microphysical data collected by aircraft confirmed the highly stratiform character of the precipitation, with evidence of ice particle growth by vapor deposition & aggregation
JASMINE 1999 shows the deepest, broadest, & longest lasting mesoscale systems are diurnal & propagate southward, possibly as waves, with discrete jumps in the progression of the cloud systems
TRMM satellite radar data (since 1997) confirm the stratiform character of the precipitation over the ocean—in contrast to that over the land
Diurnal cycle, mean percent high cloudiness, 1999
<235 K <210 K
Zuidema 2002
Churchill & Houze 1984
Stratiform precipitation shown by the Bintulu RadarStratiform precipitation shown by the Bintulu Radar
Houze et al. 1981
WINTER MONEXWINTER MONEXTime series of high cloudiness seen by satelliteTime series of high cloudiness seen by satellite
SOUTH CHINA SEA
BORNEO
December 1978