roaring 20’s - wordpress.com · •1920's collectively known as the "roaring...
TRANSCRIPT
Roaring 20rsquos
From Boom to Bust
SWBAT
bull The student will apply social science skills to understand key events during the 1920s and 1930s by
bull a) analyzing how popular culture evolved and challenged traditional values
The Roaring 20rsquos
An era of prosperity
Republican power
and conflict
bull 1920s collectively known as the Roaring 20s or the Jazz Age
bull in sum a period of great change in American Society -modern America is born at this time
bull for first time the census reflected an urban society -people had moved into cities to enjoy a higher standard of living
Age of Prosperitybull Economic expansionbull Mass Production bull Assembly Linebull Age of the Automobile
bull Ailing Agriculturehellip
Consumer Economy
Mass Media and Communications
bull How do you find out whatrsquos going on in the world ( News fashion music etc)
bull The 1920s was in many respects the first decade of our modern era Even as cultural issues divided Americans from different regions or economic levels technology was beginning to break down other barriers
Mass Media and Communications
bull Radio Broadcast jazz and Fireside Chats (along with phonograph radio broke barriers)
bull Movies Provided escape from Depression-era realities
bull Newspapers and magazines Shaped cultural norms and sparked fads
How did the radio impact America
800 stations by 1929 = 10 million families
The Radio
Mass Consumption and the Boom Economy
bull Improved technologyndash Home Appliances that make
life easierndash Radios
bull People bought lots of consumer goods
bull Installment buyingndash Buying on credit = taking it
home and paying for it later
Leisure Time
bull The growth of cities changed leisure patterns
bull The average workweek changed from seven days 70 hours to five days 45 hours
bull Salaries and wages also were on the rise
bull Movies radio and phonographs allowed people to escape their problems and brought about a similar culture
bull The radio and movies reached all parts of the world
ndashLowered cost by using mass productionndashassembly linendash 1 worker = one taskndashAll parts interchangeable ndashMore than one made at a timendashFaster = Cheaper
Henry Ford
ldquoAny customer can
have a car painted any
color that he wants so long
as it is blackrdquo
Wanted to build a car that his employees could afford
Model T $290 in 1920
1914 500000 car
1930 30 million cars
The Impact of the Automobile Industry
ProsperityThe 1920s was a period marked by
A return to isolationism
Less government intervention
music art literature sports flourish
New consumer goods
Prohibition- speakeasies bootleggers
Flappers
A change in American values and way of life
Higher wages amp more job opportunities
Early 20rsquos Return to Normalcy
bull Belief that America needed to return to a ldquonormal liferdquo after the war
bull Normalcy=Pre-Progressivism
bull Political Corruption
bull Anti-Immigration
bull Laissez-faire
bull Isolation
bull Fundamentalism (Religious)
Republican Powerbull President
Harding
bull Elected 1920
bull Legacy of Scandals
bull ldquoTeapot Domerdquo
bull Died in office
Political Corruption
bull President Hardingrsquos presidency is marked by scandal
bull Teapot Dome Scandal Government officials gave government land to oil company
bull Prohibition Smuggling alcohol and speakeasies appear and government officials are bribed and corrupted
bull The age of Al Capone ndash well known gangster
ldquoI have no trouble with my enemieshellipBut my damned friendshelliptheyrsquore the ones that keep me
walking the floor nightsrdquo
The Teapot Dome Scandal
Teapot Dome
bull Secret leasing of federal oil reserves by the secretary of the interior Albert Bacon Fall
bull Warren G Harding transferred supervision of the naval oil-reserve lands from the navy to the Department of the Interior in 1921
bull All secretly granted to Harry F Sinclair of the Mammoth Oil Company exclusive rights to the Teapot Dome (Wyoming) reserves (April 7 1922) He granted similar rights to Edward L Deheny of Pan American Petroleum Company for the Elk Hills and Buena Vista Hills reserves in California (1921ndash22)
Teapot Dome Continued
bull Shortly after the signing of the Teapot Dome lease Fall and members of his family had received from an unknown source more than $200000 in Liberty bonds under circumstances indicating that the bonds came from a company organized by Sinclair
bull Prior to the execution of the Pan American contracts and leases Doheny at Fallrsquos request sent $100000 in currency to Fall as a ldquoloanrdquo that had not been repaid
Political Change
bull The Teapot Dome Scandal bothered Harding so much that he ended up having a heart attack and dying
bull Calvin Coolidge succeeded Harding as President in 1923 and the US started to prosper under his leadership
President CoolidgeldquoThe business of America is businessrdquo
bull Fordney-McCumber Tariff
bull Smoot-Hawley Tariff
bull No help for farmers
bull Foreign Policy
The Red Scarebull Revolution in Russia brought the Communists to power
bull Many Americans frustrated by big business owners joined the Communist Party
bull Thousands of strikes in 1919 and 1920
bull Bombs were sent to government and business leaders
Anti-Immigration
bull Cause Red Scare ndash Belief of the early 20rsquos that Communists would try to take over the US
bull A Mitchell Palmer ndash leader of Red Scare
bull Open immigration Rise of new Ku Klux Klan
bull New Immigrants most affected by the Red Scare
bull Return of Nativism
bull KKK grows to over 5 million people
The Palmer Raids
bull A Mitchell Palmer Attorney General ordered raids to hunt down suspected Communists
bull Civil rights were ignored
bullAgents searched without a search warrant
bull People were arrested and held without trial
bull Immigrants were deported
bull at this time W Wilson was gravely ill following a stroke
bull his Attorney General A Mitchell Palmer wanted to take a shot at the presidency - he used fears of both immigrants and communism to his advantage
bull he had J Edgar Hoover round up suspected radicals many of which were deported (Palmer Raids)
The KKK Rises Again
Wantagh LI
Babylon LI Mineola LI Washington DC
bull The Ku Klux Klan rises to power again ndash believed in 100 Americanism
Targetedbull Blacksbull Immigrantsbull Jewsbull Roman Catholics
KKK in Washington 1925
The Ku Klux KlanGreat increase
In power
Anti-black
Anti-immigrant
Anti-womenrsquos suffrage
Anti-bootleggers
Anti-Semitic
Anti-Catholic
Effects of Anti-Immigration
bull Court Case Sacco amp Vanzetti ndash two radical Italian immigrants were arrested convicted and executed for murder
Sacco and Vanzetti (1927)
bullAnarchist Italian immigrants convicted of murderbull Not given fair trialbull Executed bullCleared of charges in 1977
A Society in Conflictbull Anti-immigrant
ndash National Origins Act
ndash Discrimination
Sacco-Vanzetti Trial
ndash Italian immigrants
ndash Unfair trial
bull for immigrants ndash the point of origin had shifted to S amp E Europe and new religions appeared Jewish Orthodox Catholic
bull N European immigrants of early 19c feared this shift and felt it would undermine Protestant values
bull this fear was known as NATIVISMbull many wanted Congress to restrict
immigration leading to a quota system that favoured n areas of Europe
bull fear of immigrants (from SE Europe) led to a sentiment known as the Red Scare (fear of comm post-Bolshevik Rev)
bull basic comm advocates a intl revolution by the proletariatworkers -fears that this ideology could find its way into the US
Effects of Anti-Immigration
bull Immigration controls
bull Emergency Quota act
(1921) amp National
Quota Act (1924)
bull Limit the number of
Immigrants from
ldquodangerousrdquo countries
Laissez-faire
bull Return the power
of big business
bull Government
crackdown on
labor unions
-labor unions seen
as communist
supporters
Global Policies
bull The United States hope to become isolationist again
Small Towns v Big Cities
bull 1920 Census
bull gt50 of all
Americans lived in Cities
bull Farmers less
Important
Fundamentalism
bull Religious movement
of the era that
hoped to restore the
morality of America
bull Supporters Rural areas
Scopes Monkey Trial
bull Evolution vs The Bible
bull Science City
bull Bible Rural
bull Evolution is Darwinrsquos Theory that man evolved over time from monkeys
bull The Bible teaches creationism ndash God created man and all the world
Scopes ldquoMonkeyrdquo TrialEvolution vs Creationism
Dayton TennesseeFamous Lawyers
Science vs Religion
John Scopes
High School Biology teacher
SCOPES TRIAL
In March 1925 Tennessee passed the nationrsquos first law that made it a crime to teach evolution
John Scopes arrested
Scopes was a biology teacher who
dared to teach his students that man
derived from lower species
Fundamentalism
bull Scopes Monkey Trial ndash a science teacher from Tennessee wanted to teach evolution but the school would not allow it and he sued
bull ACLU ndash American Civil Liberties Union backed the teacher
bull William Jennings Bryan represented the creationist
bull Clarence Darrow represented the evolutionist
Scopes Trial
bull Fundamentalists believed the Bible was literally true and without error
bull They rejected Darwinrsquos theory of evolution
bull Evolution ndash human beings had developed from lower forms of life over the course of millions of year
bull The creationists won the trial but because of the trial the Fundamentalists fell out of favor
Scopes was found guilty and fined $100
Scopes Monkey Trial
Prohibition18th Amendment Volstead Act
Gangsters
Al Capone
Prohibition
bull The 18th amendment ndash banned the production and sale of alcohol
bull The Volstead Act ndash enforcing Prohibition became the responsibility of the US Treasury Department
bull Granted federal and state governments the power to enforce Prohibition
PROHIBITION
18th Amendment in 1920
illegal to make sell or transport liquor
Prohibition lasted from 1920
to 1933 when it was repealed
by the 21st Amendment
bull PROHIBITION - on manuf and sale of alcohol
bull adopted in 1919 - 18th AMENDMENT
bull an outgrowth of the longtime temperance movement
bull in WWI temperance became a patriotic mvmt - drunkenness caused low productivity amp inefficiency and alcohol needed to treat the wounded
bull a difficult law to enforce organized crime speakeasies bootleggers were on the rise
bull Al Capone virtually controlled Chicago in this period -capitalism at its zenithhellip
bull Prohibition finally ended in 1933 w the 21st Amendment
bull forced organized crime to pursue other interestshellip
Prohibitionbull Speakeasies ndash secret bars where you could buy
alcohol
bull Crime was glamorized and became big business Some gangsters had enough money to corrupt local politicians (organized crime)
bull Al Capone ndash one of the most successful and violent gangsters of the time
bull Bonnie and Clyde Baby Faced Nelson John Dillinger all famous during this time period
bull The Twenty-first Amendment ended Prohibition
The Speakeasy
Al Capone
Bootlegged whiskey from Canada
ran a network of 10000 speakeasies
made $60 million in bootlegging
He killed off the competition (literally)
Rise of organized crime and the Mob
bullProhibition caused a RISE in crime and lawlessness not a decrease
bull21st Amendment repeals Prohibition
Why Prohibition Failed
1Unpopular
2Led to organized crime
3Death due to poor quality alcohol
4Under funded and hard to enforce
1500 agents were responsible for enforcing
Al Capone
THE TWENTIES WOMAN
After World War I Americans were looking for a little fun in the 1920s
Chicago
1926
Why were women able to become more independent after WWI
bull 1920s also brought about great changes for women
bull 1920 - 19th Amendment gave them the federal vote
bull after 1920 social circumstances changed too as more women worked outside the home
bull and more women went to college and clamoured to join the professions
bull women didnt want to sacrifice wartime gains -amounted to a social revolt
bull characterized by the FLAPPER new womanndash (bobbed hair short dresses
smoked in public)
19th Amendment (1920)
NEW ROLES FOR WOMEN
bull More women workingndash Usually single or widowed womenndash Many women entered the workplace as nurses
teachers librarians amp secretariesndash Income to spend
bull Technology made life easierndash Stoves refrigerators vacuum cleanershellip
bull Margaret Sangerndash Birth control movementndash Family size decreases
Traditional Role of Women
bull Flappers A young woman with short skirts and rouged cheeks who had her hair cropped close in a style known as a bob
bull Women gained the right to vote with passage of the nineteenth amendment
THE FLAPPER
A Flapper was a young woman who embraced the new fashions and urban attitudes
Wanted independence
Rebelled against traditional roles
The 20rsquos is The Jazz AgeThe Flappers
make up
cigarettes
short skirts
MusiciansLouis Armstrong
Duke Ellington
WritersF Scott Fitzgerald
Ernest Hemingway
Culture of the Roaring 20rsquosRadio
KDKA Pittsburgh
GE Westinghouseamp RCA
form NBC
Silent Movies
Charlie Chaplin
ldquoTalkiesrdquoThe Jazz SingerStarring Al Jolson
Mary PickfordldquoAmericarsquos Sweetheartrdquo
Cultural Innovations
bull Talking picture ndash The Jazz Singer ndash was produced and the golden age of Hollywood began
bull Mass media ndash radio movies newspapers and magazines aimed at a broad audience ndash did more than just entertain
bull They helped to broaden peoplersquos interests and fostered a sense of shared national experience
ENTERTAINMENT AND ARTS
First sound movies Jazz Singer (1927)
First animated with sound Steamboat Willie (1928)
By 1930 millions ofAmericans went to the movies each week
Walt Disneys animated Steamboat
Willie marked the debut of Mickey
Mouse It was a seven minute long
black and white cartoon
African American Culture
bull The Great Migration ndash hundreds of thousands of African Americans move from the rural South to industrial cities in the North
bull Harlem Renaissance ndash African Americans created an environment that stimulated artistic development racial pride and a sense of community
bull Langston Hughes (writer) Louis Armstrong (trumpet player) Duke Ellington (bandleader)
Harlem Renaissance
In the 1920s it was home to a literary and artistic revival known as the Harlem Renaissance
WHAT MADE THE HARLEM RENAISSANCE POSSIBLE
Between 1910 and 1920 the Great Migration saw hundreds of thousands of African Americans move north to big cities
Migration of the Negro by
Jacob Lawrence
Harlem Renaissancebull Writers
ndash Langston Hughes (Poet)ndash Zora Neale Hurston (Writer)
bull Famous Jazz Musiciansndash ldquoDukerdquo Ellington ndash Louis Armstrong ndash Bessie Smith
bull Cotton Club famous Jazz Club in Harlemndash Blacks usually denied admission
Black Nationalism
bull Pan-Africanism aimed to unite people of African descent worldwide
bull Marcus Garvey
Universal Negro Improvement Associationndash Aims African-American
economic independence amp a Black homeland in Africa
bull Marcus Garvey (Jamaican born immigrant) established the Universal Negro Improvement Association
bull believed in Black pride
bull advocated racial segregation bc of Black superiority
bull Garvey believed Blacks should return to Africa
bull he purchased a ship to start the Black Star line
bull attracted many investments govt charged him with wfraud
bull he was found guilty and eventually deported to Jamaica but his organization continued to exist
CelebritiesBabe Ruth ampTy Cobb
Jack Dempsey
Charles Lindbergh
The Spirit of St Louis
Notables
bull Charles Lindbergh ndash first to fly across the Atlantic
bull Babe Ruth ndash may be the best known baseball player
bull Henry Ford ndash the assembly line his most important invention also developed the Model T ford
bull Welfare capitalism ndash Companies allowed workers to buy stock participate in profit sharing and receive benefits such as medical care and pensions
Notables
bull Open shop ndash a workplace where employees were not required to join a union
bull In 1920 Westinghouse Company broadcast one of the first public broadcast in history
bull 1926 National Broadcasting Company (NBC) established a permanent network of stations to distribute daily programs
bull 1928 Columbia Broadcasting System (CBS) assembled a coast-to-coast network of stations
Slides
bull Some of the slides used came from a internet site Please be aware that I am using them for educational purposes and they may not be usable due to copyright laws
SWBAT
bull The student will apply social science skills to understand key events during the 1920s and 1930s by
bull a) analyzing how popular culture evolved and challenged traditional values
The Roaring 20rsquos
An era of prosperity
Republican power
and conflict
bull 1920s collectively known as the Roaring 20s or the Jazz Age
bull in sum a period of great change in American Society -modern America is born at this time
bull for first time the census reflected an urban society -people had moved into cities to enjoy a higher standard of living
Age of Prosperitybull Economic expansionbull Mass Production bull Assembly Linebull Age of the Automobile
bull Ailing Agriculturehellip
Consumer Economy
Mass Media and Communications
bull How do you find out whatrsquos going on in the world ( News fashion music etc)
bull The 1920s was in many respects the first decade of our modern era Even as cultural issues divided Americans from different regions or economic levels technology was beginning to break down other barriers
Mass Media and Communications
bull Radio Broadcast jazz and Fireside Chats (along with phonograph radio broke barriers)
bull Movies Provided escape from Depression-era realities
bull Newspapers and magazines Shaped cultural norms and sparked fads
How did the radio impact America
800 stations by 1929 = 10 million families
The Radio
Mass Consumption and the Boom Economy
bull Improved technologyndash Home Appliances that make
life easierndash Radios
bull People bought lots of consumer goods
bull Installment buyingndash Buying on credit = taking it
home and paying for it later
Leisure Time
bull The growth of cities changed leisure patterns
bull The average workweek changed from seven days 70 hours to five days 45 hours
bull Salaries and wages also were on the rise
bull Movies radio and phonographs allowed people to escape their problems and brought about a similar culture
bull The radio and movies reached all parts of the world
ndashLowered cost by using mass productionndashassembly linendash 1 worker = one taskndashAll parts interchangeable ndashMore than one made at a timendashFaster = Cheaper
Henry Ford
ldquoAny customer can
have a car painted any
color that he wants so long
as it is blackrdquo
Wanted to build a car that his employees could afford
Model T $290 in 1920
1914 500000 car
1930 30 million cars
The Impact of the Automobile Industry
ProsperityThe 1920s was a period marked by
A return to isolationism
Less government intervention
music art literature sports flourish
New consumer goods
Prohibition- speakeasies bootleggers
Flappers
A change in American values and way of life
Higher wages amp more job opportunities
Early 20rsquos Return to Normalcy
bull Belief that America needed to return to a ldquonormal liferdquo after the war
bull Normalcy=Pre-Progressivism
bull Political Corruption
bull Anti-Immigration
bull Laissez-faire
bull Isolation
bull Fundamentalism (Religious)
Republican Powerbull President
Harding
bull Elected 1920
bull Legacy of Scandals
bull ldquoTeapot Domerdquo
bull Died in office
Political Corruption
bull President Hardingrsquos presidency is marked by scandal
bull Teapot Dome Scandal Government officials gave government land to oil company
bull Prohibition Smuggling alcohol and speakeasies appear and government officials are bribed and corrupted
bull The age of Al Capone ndash well known gangster
ldquoI have no trouble with my enemieshellipBut my damned friendshelliptheyrsquore the ones that keep me
walking the floor nightsrdquo
The Teapot Dome Scandal
Teapot Dome
bull Secret leasing of federal oil reserves by the secretary of the interior Albert Bacon Fall
bull Warren G Harding transferred supervision of the naval oil-reserve lands from the navy to the Department of the Interior in 1921
bull All secretly granted to Harry F Sinclair of the Mammoth Oil Company exclusive rights to the Teapot Dome (Wyoming) reserves (April 7 1922) He granted similar rights to Edward L Deheny of Pan American Petroleum Company for the Elk Hills and Buena Vista Hills reserves in California (1921ndash22)
Teapot Dome Continued
bull Shortly after the signing of the Teapot Dome lease Fall and members of his family had received from an unknown source more than $200000 in Liberty bonds under circumstances indicating that the bonds came from a company organized by Sinclair
bull Prior to the execution of the Pan American contracts and leases Doheny at Fallrsquos request sent $100000 in currency to Fall as a ldquoloanrdquo that had not been repaid
Political Change
bull The Teapot Dome Scandal bothered Harding so much that he ended up having a heart attack and dying
bull Calvin Coolidge succeeded Harding as President in 1923 and the US started to prosper under his leadership
President CoolidgeldquoThe business of America is businessrdquo
bull Fordney-McCumber Tariff
bull Smoot-Hawley Tariff
bull No help for farmers
bull Foreign Policy
The Red Scarebull Revolution in Russia brought the Communists to power
bull Many Americans frustrated by big business owners joined the Communist Party
bull Thousands of strikes in 1919 and 1920
bull Bombs were sent to government and business leaders
Anti-Immigration
bull Cause Red Scare ndash Belief of the early 20rsquos that Communists would try to take over the US
bull A Mitchell Palmer ndash leader of Red Scare
bull Open immigration Rise of new Ku Klux Klan
bull New Immigrants most affected by the Red Scare
bull Return of Nativism
bull KKK grows to over 5 million people
The Palmer Raids
bull A Mitchell Palmer Attorney General ordered raids to hunt down suspected Communists
bull Civil rights were ignored
bullAgents searched without a search warrant
bull People were arrested and held without trial
bull Immigrants were deported
bull at this time W Wilson was gravely ill following a stroke
bull his Attorney General A Mitchell Palmer wanted to take a shot at the presidency - he used fears of both immigrants and communism to his advantage
bull he had J Edgar Hoover round up suspected radicals many of which were deported (Palmer Raids)
The KKK Rises Again
Wantagh LI
Babylon LI Mineola LI Washington DC
bull The Ku Klux Klan rises to power again ndash believed in 100 Americanism
Targetedbull Blacksbull Immigrantsbull Jewsbull Roman Catholics
KKK in Washington 1925
The Ku Klux KlanGreat increase
In power
Anti-black
Anti-immigrant
Anti-womenrsquos suffrage
Anti-bootleggers
Anti-Semitic
Anti-Catholic
Effects of Anti-Immigration
bull Court Case Sacco amp Vanzetti ndash two radical Italian immigrants were arrested convicted and executed for murder
Sacco and Vanzetti (1927)
bullAnarchist Italian immigrants convicted of murderbull Not given fair trialbull Executed bullCleared of charges in 1977
A Society in Conflictbull Anti-immigrant
ndash National Origins Act
ndash Discrimination
Sacco-Vanzetti Trial
ndash Italian immigrants
ndash Unfair trial
bull for immigrants ndash the point of origin had shifted to S amp E Europe and new religions appeared Jewish Orthodox Catholic
bull N European immigrants of early 19c feared this shift and felt it would undermine Protestant values
bull this fear was known as NATIVISMbull many wanted Congress to restrict
immigration leading to a quota system that favoured n areas of Europe
bull fear of immigrants (from SE Europe) led to a sentiment known as the Red Scare (fear of comm post-Bolshevik Rev)
bull basic comm advocates a intl revolution by the proletariatworkers -fears that this ideology could find its way into the US
Effects of Anti-Immigration
bull Immigration controls
bull Emergency Quota act
(1921) amp National
Quota Act (1924)
bull Limit the number of
Immigrants from
ldquodangerousrdquo countries
Laissez-faire
bull Return the power
of big business
bull Government
crackdown on
labor unions
-labor unions seen
as communist
supporters
Global Policies
bull The United States hope to become isolationist again
Small Towns v Big Cities
bull 1920 Census
bull gt50 of all
Americans lived in Cities
bull Farmers less
Important
Fundamentalism
bull Religious movement
of the era that
hoped to restore the
morality of America
bull Supporters Rural areas
Scopes Monkey Trial
bull Evolution vs The Bible
bull Science City
bull Bible Rural
bull Evolution is Darwinrsquos Theory that man evolved over time from monkeys
bull The Bible teaches creationism ndash God created man and all the world
Scopes ldquoMonkeyrdquo TrialEvolution vs Creationism
Dayton TennesseeFamous Lawyers
Science vs Religion
John Scopes
High School Biology teacher
SCOPES TRIAL
In March 1925 Tennessee passed the nationrsquos first law that made it a crime to teach evolution
John Scopes arrested
Scopes was a biology teacher who
dared to teach his students that man
derived from lower species
Fundamentalism
bull Scopes Monkey Trial ndash a science teacher from Tennessee wanted to teach evolution but the school would not allow it and he sued
bull ACLU ndash American Civil Liberties Union backed the teacher
bull William Jennings Bryan represented the creationist
bull Clarence Darrow represented the evolutionist
Scopes Trial
bull Fundamentalists believed the Bible was literally true and without error
bull They rejected Darwinrsquos theory of evolution
bull Evolution ndash human beings had developed from lower forms of life over the course of millions of year
bull The creationists won the trial but because of the trial the Fundamentalists fell out of favor
Scopes was found guilty and fined $100
Scopes Monkey Trial
Prohibition18th Amendment Volstead Act
Gangsters
Al Capone
Prohibition
bull The 18th amendment ndash banned the production and sale of alcohol
bull The Volstead Act ndash enforcing Prohibition became the responsibility of the US Treasury Department
bull Granted federal and state governments the power to enforce Prohibition
PROHIBITION
18th Amendment in 1920
illegal to make sell or transport liquor
Prohibition lasted from 1920
to 1933 when it was repealed
by the 21st Amendment
bull PROHIBITION - on manuf and sale of alcohol
bull adopted in 1919 - 18th AMENDMENT
bull an outgrowth of the longtime temperance movement
bull in WWI temperance became a patriotic mvmt - drunkenness caused low productivity amp inefficiency and alcohol needed to treat the wounded
bull a difficult law to enforce organized crime speakeasies bootleggers were on the rise
bull Al Capone virtually controlled Chicago in this period -capitalism at its zenithhellip
bull Prohibition finally ended in 1933 w the 21st Amendment
bull forced organized crime to pursue other interestshellip
Prohibitionbull Speakeasies ndash secret bars where you could buy
alcohol
bull Crime was glamorized and became big business Some gangsters had enough money to corrupt local politicians (organized crime)
bull Al Capone ndash one of the most successful and violent gangsters of the time
bull Bonnie and Clyde Baby Faced Nelson John Dillinger all famous during this time period
bull The Twenty-first Amendment ended Prohibition
The Speakeasy
Al Capone
Bootlegged whiskey from Canada
ran a network of 10000 speakeasies
made $60 million in bootlegging
He killed off the competition (literally)
Rise of organized crime and the Mob
bullProhibition caused a RISE in crime and lawlessness not a decrease
bull21st Amendment repeals Prohibition
Why Prohibition Failed
1Unpopular
2Led to organized crime
3Death due to poor quality alcohol
4Under funded and hard to enforce
1500 agents were responsible for enforcing
Al Capone
THE TWENTIES WOMAN
After World War I Americans were looking for a little fun in the 1920s
Chicago
1926
Why were women able to become more independent after WWI
bull 1920s also brought about great changes for women
bull 1920 - 19th Amendment gave them the federal vote
bull after 1920 social circumstances changed too as more women worked outside the home
bull and more women went to college and clamoured to join the professions
bull women didnt want to sacrifice wartime gains -amounted to a social revolt
bull characterized by the FLAPPER new womanndash (bobbed hair short dresses
smoked in public)
19th Amendment (1920)
NEW ROLES FOR WOMEN
bull More women workingndash Usually single or widowed womenndash Many women entered the workplace as nurses
teachers librarians amp secretariesndash Income to spend
bull Technology made life easierndash Stoves refrigerators vacuum cleanershellip
bull Margaret Sangerndash Birth control movementndash Family size decreases
Traditional Role of Women
bull Flappers A young woman with short skirts and rouged cheeks who had her hair cropped close in a style known as a bob
bull Women gained the right to vote with passage of the nineteenth amendment
THE FLAPPER
A Flapper was a young woman who embraced the new fashions and urban attitudes
Wanted independence
Rebelled against traditional roles
The 20rsquos is The Jazz AgeThe Flappers
make up
cigarettes
short skirts
MusiciansLouis Armstrong
Duke Ellington
WritersF Scott Fitzgerald
Ernest Hemingway
Culture of the Roaring 20rsquosRadio
KDKA Pittsburgh
GE Westinghouseamp RCA
form NBC
Silent Movies
Charlie Chaplin
ldquoTalkiesrdquoThe Jazz SingerStarring Al Jolson
Mary PickfordldquoAmericarsquos Sweetheartrdquo
Cultural Innovations
bull Talking picture ndash The Jazz Singer ndash was produced and the golden age of Hollywood began
bull Mass media ndash radio movies newspapers and magazines aimed at a broad audience ndash did more than just entertain
bull They helped to broaden peoplersquos interests and fostered a sense of shared national experience
ENTERTAINMENT AND ARTS
First sound movies Jazz Singer (1927)
First animated with sound Steamboat Willie (1928)
By 1930 millions ofAmericans went to the movies each week
Walt Disneys animated Steamboat
Willie marked the debut of Mickey
Mouse It was a seven minute long
black and white cartoon
African American Culture
bull The Great Migration ndash hundreds of thousands of African Americans move from the rural South to industrial cities in the North
bull Harlem Renaissance ndash African Americans created an environment that stimulated artistic development racial pride and a sense of community
bull Langston Hughes (writer) Louis Armstrong (trumpet player) Duke Ellington (bandleader)
Harlem Renaissance
In the 1920s it was home to a literary and artistic revival known as the Harlem Renaissance
WHAT MADE THE HARLEM RENAISSANCE POSSIBLE
Between 1910 and 1920 the Great Migration saw hundreds of thousands of African Americans move north to big cities
Migration of the Negro by
Jacob Lawrence
Harlem Renaissancebull Writers
ndash Langston Hughes (Poet)ndash Zora Neale Hurston (Writer)
bull Famous Jazz Musiciansndash ldquoDukerdquo Ellington ndash Louis Armstrong ndash Bessie Smith
bull Cotton Club famous Jazz Club in Harlemndash Blacks usually denied admission
Black Nationalism
bull Pan-Africanism aimed to unite people of African descent worldwide
bull Marcus Garvey
Universal Negro Improvement Associationndash Aims African-American
economic independence amp a Black homeland in Africa
bull Marcus Garvey (Jamaican born immigrant) established the Universal Negro Improvement Association
bull believed in Black pride
bull advocated racial segregation bc of Black superiority
bull Garvey believed Blacks should return to Africa
bull he purchased a ship to start the Black Star line
bull attracted many investments govt charged him with wfraud
bull he was found guilty and eventually deported to Jamaica but his organization continued to exist
CelebritiesBabe Ruth ampTy Cobb
Jack Dempsey
Charles Lindbergh
The Spirit of St Louis
Notables
bull Charles Lindbergh ndash first to fly across the Atlantic
bull Babe Ruth ndash may be the best known baseball player
bull Henry Ford ndash the assembly line his most important invention also developed the Model T ford
bull Welfare capitalism ndash Companies allowed workers to buy stock participate in profit sharing and receive benefits such as medical care and pensions
Notables
bull Open shop ndash a workplace where employees were not required to join a union
bull In 1920 Westinghouse Company broadcast one of the first public broadcast in history
bull 1926 National Broadcasting Company (NBC) established a permanent network of stations to distribute daily programs
bull 1928 Columbia Broadcasting System (CBS) assembled a coast-to-coast network of stations
Slides
bull Some of the slides used came from a internet site Please be aware that I am using them for educational purposes and they may not be usable due to copyright laws
The Roaring 20rsquos
An era of prosperity
Republican power
and conflict
bull 1920s collectively known as the Roaring 20s or the Jazz Age
bull in sum a period of great change in American Society -modern America is born at this time
bull for first time the census reflected an urban society -people had moved into cities to enjoy a higher standard of living
Age of Prosperitybull Economic expansionbull Mass Production bull Assembly Linebull Age of the Automobile
bull Ailing Agriculturehellip
Consumer Economy
Mass Media and Communications
bull How do you find out whatrsquos going on in the world ( News fashion music etc)
bull The 1920s was in many respects the first decade of our modern era Even as cultural issues divided Americans from different regions or economic levels technology was beginning to break down other barriers
Mass Media and Communications
bull Radio Broadcast jazz and Fireside Chats (along with phonograph radio broke barriers)
bull Movies Provided escape from Depression-era realities
bull Newspapers and magazines Shaped cultural norms and sparked fads
How did the radio impact America
800 stations by 1929 = 10 million families
The Radio
Mass Consumption and the Boom Economy
bull Improved technologyndash Home Appliances that make
life easierndash Radios
bull People bought lots of consumer goods
bull Installment buyingndash Buying on credit = taking it
home and paying for it later
Leisure Time
bull The growth of cities changed leisure patterns
bull The average workweek changed from seven days 70 hours to five days 45 hours
bull Salaries and wages also were on the rise
bull Movies radio and phonographs allowed people to escape their problems and brought about a similar culture
bull The radio and movies reached all parts of the world
ndashLowered cost by using mass productionndashassembly linendash 1 worker = one taskndashAll parts interchangeable ndashMore than one made at a timendashFaster = Cheaper
Henry Ford
ldquoAny customer can
have a car painted any
color that he wants so long
as it is blackrdquo
Wanted to build a car that his employees could afford
Model T $290 in 1920
1914 500000 car
1930 30 million cars
The Impact of the Automobile Industry
ProsperityThe 1920s was a period marked by
A return to isolationism
Less government intervention
music art literature sports flourish
New consumer goods
Prohibition- speakeasies bootleggers
Flappers
A change in American values and way of life
Higher wages amp more job opportunities
Early 20rsquos Return to Normalcy
bull Belief that America needed to return to a ldquonormal liferdquo after the war
bull Normalcy=Pre-Progressivism
bull Political Corruption
bull Anti-Immigration
bull Laissez-faire
bull Isolation
bull Fundamentalism (Religious)
Republican Powerbull President
Harding
bull Elected 1920
bull Legacy of Scandals
bull ldquoTeapot Domerdquo
bull Died in office
Political Corruption
bull President Hardingrsquos presidency is marked by scandal
bull Teapot Dome Scandal Government officials gave government land to oil company
bull Prohibition Smuggling alcohol and speakeasies appear and government officials are bribed and corrupted
bull The age of Al Capone ndash well known gangster
ldquoI have no trouble with my enemieshellipBut my damned friendshelliptheyrsquore the ones that keep me
walking the floor nightsrdquo
The Teapot Dome Scandal
Teapot Dome
bull Secret leasing of federal oil reserves by the secretary of the interior Albert Bacon Fall
bull Warren G Harding transferred supervision of the naval oil-reserve lands from the navy to the Department of the Interior in 1921
bull All secretly granted to Harry F Sinclair of the Mammoth Oil Company exclusive rights to the Teapot Dome (Wyoming) reserves (April 7 1922) He granted similar rights to Edward L Deheny of Pan American Petroleum Company for the Elk Hills and Buena Vista Hills reserves in California (1921ndash22)
Teapot Dome Continued
bull Shortly after the signing of the Teapot Dome lease Fall and members of his family had received from an unknown source more than $200000 in Liberty bonds under circumstances indicating that the bonds came from a company organized by Sinclair
bull Prior to the execution of the Pan American contracts and leases Doheny at Fallrsquos request sent $100000 in currency to Fall as a ldquoloanrdquo that had not been repaid
Political Change
bull The Teapot Dome Scandal bothered Harding so much that he ended up having a heart attack and dying
bull Calvin Coolidge succeeded Harding as President in 1923 and the US started to prosper under his leadership
President CoolidgeldquoThe business of America is businessrdquo
bull Fordney-McCumber Tariff
bull Smoot-Hawley Tariff
bull No help for farmers
bull Foreign Policy
The Red Scarebull Revolution in Russia brought the Communists to power
bull Many Americans frustrated by big business owners joined the Communist Party
bull Thousands of strikes in 1919 and 1920
bull Bombs were sent to government and business leaders
Anti-Immigration
bull Cause Red Scare ndash Belief of the early 20rsquos that Communists would try to take over the US
bull A Mitchell Palmer ndash leader of Red Scare
bull Open immigration Rise of new Ku Klux Klan
bull New Immigrants most affected by the Red Scare
bull Return of Nativism
bull KKK grows to over 5 million people
The Palmer Raids
bull A Mitchell Palmer Attorney General ordered raids to hunt down suspected Communists
bull Civil rights were ignored
bullAgents searched without a search warrant
bull People were arrested and held without trial
bull Immigrants were deported
bull at this time W Wilson was gravely ill following a stroke
bull his Attorney General A Mitchell Palmer wanted to take a shot at the presidency - he used fears of both immigrants and communism to his advantage
bull he had J Edgar Hoover round up suspected radicals many of which were deported (Palmer Raids)
The KKK Rises Again
Wantagh LI
Babylon LI Mineola LI Washington DC
bull The Ku Klux Klan rises to power again ndash believed in 100 Americanism
Targetedbull Blacksbull Immigrantsbull Jewsbull Roman Catholics
KKK in Washington 1925
The Ku Klux KlanGreat increase
In power
Anti-black
Anti-immigrant
Anti-womenrsquos suffrage
Anti-bootleggers
Anti-Semitic
Anti-Catholic
Effects of Anti-Immigration
bull Court Case Sacco amp Vanzetti ndash two radical Italian immigrants were arrested convicted and executed for murder
Sacco and Vanzetti (1927)
bullAnarchist Italian immigrants convicted of murderbull Not given fair trialbull Executed bullCleared of charges in 1977
A Society in Conflictbull Anti-immigrant
ndash National Origins Act
ndash Discrimination
Sacco-Vanzetti Trial
ndash Italian immigrants
ndash Unfair trial
bull for immigrants ndash the point of origin had shifted to S amp E Europe and new religions appeared Jewish Orthodox Catholic
bull N European immigrants of early 19c feared this shift and felt it would undermine Protestant values
bull this fear was known as NATIVISMbull many wanted Congress to restrict
immigration leading to a quota system that favoured n areas of Europe
bull fear of immigrants (from SE Europe) led to a sentiment known as the Red Scare (fear of comm post-Bolshevik Rev)
bull basic comm advocates a intl revolution by the proletariatworkers -fears that this ideology could find its way into the US
Effects of Anti-Immigration
bull Immigration controls
bull Emergency Quota act
(1921) amp National
Quota Act (1924)
bull Limit the number of
Immigrants from
ldquodangerousrdquo countries
Laissez-faire
bull Return the power
of big business
bull Government
crackdown on
labor unions
-labor unions seen
as communist
supporters
Global Policies
bull The United States hope to become isolationist again
Small Towns v Big Cities
bull 1920 Census
bull gt50 of all
Americans lived in Cities
bull Farmers less
Important
Fundamentalism
bull Religious movement
of the era that
hoped to restore the
morality of America
bull Supporters Rural areas
Scopes Monkey Trial
bull Evolution vs The Bible
bull Science City
bull Bible Rural
bull Evolution is Darwinrsquos Theory that man evolved over time from monkeys
bull The Bible teaches creationism ndash God created man and all the world
Scopes ldquoMonkeyrdquo TrialEvolution vs Creationism
Dayton TennesseeFamous Lawyers
Science vs Religion
John Scopes
High School Biology teacher
SCOPES TRIAL
In March 1925 Tennessee passed the nationrsquos first law that made it a crime to teach evolution
John Scopes arrested
Scopes was a biology teacher who
dared to teach his students that man
derived from lower species
Fundamentalism
bull Scopes Monkey Trial ndash a science teacher from Tennessee wanted to teach evolution but the school would not allow it and he sued
bull ACLU ndash American Civil Liberties Union backed the teacher
bull William Jennings Bryan represented the creationist
bull Clarence Darrow represented the evolutionist
Scopes Trial
bull Fundamentalists believed the Bible was literally true and without error
bull They rejected Darwinrsquos theory of evolution
bull Evolution ndash human beings had developed from lower forms of life over the course of millions of year
bull The creationists won the trial but because of the trial the Fundamentalists fell out of favor
Scopes was found guilty and fined $100
Scopes Monkey Trial
Prohibition18th Amendment Volstead Act
Gangsters
Al Capone
Prohibition
bull The 18th amendment ndash banned the production and sale of alcohol
bull The Volstead Act ndash enforcing Prohibition became the responsibility of the US Treasury Department
bull Granted federal and state governments the power to enforce Prohibition
PROHIBITION
18th Amendment in 1920
illegal to make sell or transport liquor
Prohibition lasted from 1920
to 1933 when it was repealed
by the 21st Amendment
bull PROHIBITION - on manuf and sale of alcohol
bull adopted in 1919 - 18th AMENDMENT
bull an outgrowth of the longtime temperance movement
bull in WWI temperance became a patriotic mvmt - drunkenness caused low productivity amp inefficiency and alcohol needed to treat the wounded
bull a difficult law to enforce organized crime speakeasies bootleggers were on the rise
bull Al Capone virtually controlled Chicago in this period -capitalism at its zenithhellip
bull Prohibition finally ended in 1933 w the 21st Amendment
bull forced organized crime to pursue other interestshellip
Prohibitionbull Speakeasies ndash secret bars where you could buy
alcohol
bull Crime was glamorized and became big business Some gangsters had enough money to corrupt local politicians (organized crime)
bull Al Capone ndash one of the most successful and violent gangsters of the time
bull Bonnie and Clyde Baby Faced Nelson John Dillinger all famous during this time period
bull The Twenty-first Amendment ended Prohibition
The Speakeasy
Al Capone
Bootlegged whiskey from Canada
ran a network of 10000 speakeasies
made $60 million in bootlegging
He killed off the competition (literally)
Rise of organized crime and the Mob
bullProhibition caused a RISE in crime and lawlessness not a decrease
bull21st Amendment repeals Prohibition
Why Prohibition Failed
1Unpopular
2Led to organized crime
3Death due to poor quality alcohol
4Under funded and hard to enforce
1500 agents were responsible for enforcing
Al Capone
THE TWENTIES WOMAN
After World War I Americans were looking for a little fun in the 1920s
Chicago
1926
Why were women able to become more independent after WWI
bull 1920s also brought about great changes for women
bull 1920 - 19th Amendment gave them the federal vote
bull after 1920 social circumstances changed too as more women worked outside the home
bull and more women went to college and clamoured to join the professions
bull women didnt want to sacrifice wartime gains -amounted to a social revolt
bull characterized by the FLAPPER new womanndash (bobbed hair short dresses
smoked in public)
19th Amendment (1920)
NEW ROLES FOR WOMEN
bull More women workingndash Usually single or widowed womenndash Many women entered the workplace as nurses
teachers librarians amp secretariesndash Income to spend
bull Technology made life easierndash Stoves refrigerators vacuum cleanershellip
bull Margaret Sangerndash Birth control movementndash Family size decreases
Traditional Role of Women
bull Flappers A young woman with short skirts and rouged cheeks who had her hair cropped close in a style known as a bob
bull Women gained the right to vote with passage of the nineteenth amendment
THE FLAPPER
A Flapper was a young woman who embraced the new fashions and urban attitudes
Wanted independence
Rebelled against traditional roles
The 20rsquos is The Jazz AgeThe Flappers
make up
cigarettes
short skirts
MusiciansLouis Armstrong
Duke Ellington
WritersF Scott Fitzgerald
Ernest Hemingway
Culture of the Roaring 20rsquosRadio
KDKA Pittsburgh
GE Westinghouseamp RCA
form NBC
Silent Movies
Charlie Chaplin
ldquoTalkiesrdquoThe Jazz SingerStarring Al Jolson
Mary PickfordldquoAmericarsquos Sweetheartrdquo
Cultural Innovations
bull Talking picture ndash The Jazz Singer ndash was produced and the golden age of Hollywood began
bull Mass media ndash radio movies newspapers and magazines aimed at a broad audience ndash did more than just entertain
bull They helped to broaden peoplersquos interests and fostered a sense of shared national experience
ENTERTAINMENT AND ARTS
First sound movies Jazz Singer (1927)
First animated with sound Steamboat Willie (1928)
By 1930 millions ofAmericans went to the movies each week
Walt Disneys animated Steamboat
Willie marked the debut of Mickey
Mouse It was a seven minute long
black and white cartoon
African American Culture
bull The Great Migration ndash hundreds of thousands of African Americans move from the rural South to industrial cities in the North
bull Harlem Renaissance ndash African Americans created an environment that stimulated artistic development racial pride and a sense of community
bull Langston Hughes (writer) Louis Armstrong (trumpet player) Duke Ellington (bandleader)
Harlem Renaissance
In the 1920s it was home to a literary and artistic revival known as the Harlem Renaissance
WHAT MADE THE HARLEM RENAISSANCE POSSIBLE
Between 1910 and 1920 the Great Migration saw hundreds of thousands of African Americans move north to big cities
Migration of the Negro by
Jacob Lawrence
Harlem Renaissancebull Writers
ndash Langston Hughes (Poet)ndash Zora Neale Hurston (Writer)
bull Famous Jazz Musiciansndash ldquoDukerdquo Ellington ndash Louis Armstrong ndash Bessie Smith
bull Cotton Club famous Jazz Club in Harlemndash Blacks usually denied admission
Black Nationalism
bull Pan-Africanism aimed to unite people of African descent worldwide
bull Marcus Garvey
Universal Negro Improvement Associationndash Aims African-American
economic independence amp a Black homeland in Africa
bull Marcus Garvey (Jamaican born immigrant) established the Universal Negro Improvement Association
bull believed in Black pride
bull advocated racial segregation bc of Black superiority
bull Garvey believed Blacks should return to Africa
bull he purchased a ship to start the Black Star line
bull attracted many investments govt charged him with wfraud
bull he was found guilty and eventually deported to Jamaica but his organization continued to exist
CelebritiesBabe Ruth ampTy Cobb
Jack Dempsey
Charles Lindbergh
The Spirit of St Louis
Notables
bull Charles Lindbergh ndash first to fly across the Atlantic
bull Babe Ruth ndash may be the best known baseball player
bull Henry Ford ndash the assembly line his most important invention also developed the Model T ford
bull Welfare capitalism ndash Companies allowed workers to buy stock participate in profit sharing and receive benefits such as medical care and pensions
Notables
bull Open shop ndash a workplace where employees were not required to join a union
bull In 1920 Westinghouse Company broadcast one of the first public broadcast in history
bull 1926 National Broadcasting Company (NBC) established a permanent network of stations to distribute daily programs
bull 1928 Columbia Broadcasting System (CBS) assembled a coast-to-coast network of stations
Slides
bull Some of the slides used came from a internet site Please be aware that I am using them for educational purposes and they may not be usable due to copyright laws
bull 1920s collectively known as the Roaring 20s or the Jazz Age
bull in sum a period of great change in American Society -modern America is born at this time
bull for first time the census reflected an urban society -people had moved into cities to enjoy a higher standard of living
Age of Prosperitybull Economic expansionbull Mass Production bull Assembly Linebull Age of the Automobile
bull Ailing Agriculturehellip
Consumer Economy
Mass Media and Communications
bull How do you find out whatrsquos going on in the world ( News fashion music etc)
bull The 1920s was in many respects the first decade of our modern era Even as cultural issues divided Americans from different regions or economic levels technology was beginning to break down other barriers
Mass Media and Communications
bull Radio Broadcast jazz and Fireside Chats (along with phonograph radio broke barriers)
bull Movies Provided escape from Depression-era realities
bull Newspapers and magazines Shaped cultural norms and sparked fads
How did the radio impact America
800 stations by 1929 = 10 million families
The Radio
Mass Consumption and the Boom Economy
bull Improved technologyndash Home Appliances that make
life easierndash Radios
bull People bought lots of consumer goods
bull Installment buyingndash Buying on credit = taking it
home and paying for it later
Leisure Time
bull The growth of cities changed leisure patterns
bull The average workweek changed from seven days 70 hours to five days 45 hours
bull Salaries and wages also were on the rise
bull Movies radio and phonographs allowed people to escape their problems and brought about a similar culture
bull The radio and movies reached all parts of the world
ndashLowered cost by using mass productionndashassembly linendash 1 worker = one taskndashAll parts interchangeable ndashMore than one made at a timendashFaster = Cheaper
Henry Ford
ldquoAny customer can
have a car painted any
color that he wants so long
as it is blackrdquo
Wanted to build a car that his employees could afford
Model T $290 in 1920
1914 500000 car
1930 30 million cars
The Impact of the Automobile Industry
ProsperityThe 1920s was a period marked by
A return to isolationism
Less government intervention
music art literature sports flourish
New consumer goods
Prohibition- speakeasies bootleggers
Flappers
A change in American values and way of life
Higher wages amp more job opportunities
Early 20rsquos Return to Normalcy
bull Belief that America needed to return to a ldquonormal liferdquo after the war
bull Normalcy=Pre-Progressivism
bull Political Corruption
bull Anti-Immigration
bull Laissez-faire
bull Isolation
bull Fundamentalism (Religious)
Republican Powerbull President
Harding
bull Elected 1920
bull Legacy of Scandals
bull ldquoTeapot Domerdquo
bull Died in office
Political Corruption
bull President Hardingrsquos presidency is marked by scandal
bull Teapot Dome Scandal Government officials gave government land to oil company
bull Prohibition Smuggling alcohol and speakeasies appear and government officials are bribed and corrupted
bull The age of Al Capone ndash well known gangster
ldquoI have no trouble with my enemieshellipBut my damned friendshelliptheyrsquore the ones that keep me
walking the floor nightsrdquo
The Teapot Dome Scandal
Teapot Dome
bull Secret leasing of federal oil reserves by the secretary of the interior Albert Bacon Fall
bull Warren G Harding transferred supervision of the naval oil-reserve lands from the navy to the Department of the Interior in 1921
bull All secretly granted to Harry F Sinclair of the Mammoth Oil Company exclusive rights to the Teapot Dome (Wyoming) reserves (April 7 1922) He granted similar rights to Edward L Deheny of Pan American Petroleum Company for the Elk Hills and Buena Vista Hills reserves in California (1921ndash22)
Teapot Dome Continued
bull Shortly after the signing of the Teapot Dome lease Fall and members of his family had received from an unknown source more than $200000 in Liberty bonds under circumstances indicating that the bonds came from a company organized by Sinclair
bull Prior to the execution of the Pan American contracts and leases Doheny at Fallrsquos request sent $100000 in currency to Fall as a ldquoloanrdquo that had not been repaid
Political Change
bull The Teapot Dome Scandal bothered Harding so much that he ended up having a heart attack and dying
bull Calvin Coolidge succeeded Harding as President in 1923 and the US started to prosper under his leadership
President CoolidgeldquoThe business of America is businessrdquo
bull Fordney-McCumber Tariff
bull Smoot-Hawley Tariff
bull No help for farmers
bull Foreign Policy
The Red Scarebull Revolution in Russia brought the Communists to power
bull Many Americans frustrated by big business owners joined the Communist Party
bull Thousands of strikes in 1919 and 1920
bull Bombs were sent to government and business leaders
Anti-Immigration
bull Cause Red Scare ndash Belief of the early 20rsquos that Communists would try to take over the US
bull A Mitchell Palmer ndash leader of Red Scare
bull Open immigration Rise of new Ku Klux Klan
bull New Immigrants most affected by the Red Scare
bull Return of Nativism
bull KKK grows to over 5 million people
The Palmer Raids
bull A Mitchell Palmer Attorney General ordered raids to hunt down suspected Communists
bull Civil rights were ignored
bullAgents searched without a search warrant
bull People were arrested and held without trial
bull Immigrants were deported
bull at this time W Wilson was gravely ill following a stroke
bull his Attorney General A Mitchell Palmer wanted to take a shot at the presidency - he used fears of both immigrants and communism to his advantage
bull he had J Edgar Hoover round up suspected radicals many of which were deported (Palmer Raids)
The KKK Rises Again
Wantagh LI
Babylon LI Mineola LI Washington DC
bull The Ku Klux Klan rises to power again ndash believed in 100 Americanism
Targetedbull Blacksbull Immigrantsbull Jewsbull Roman Catholics
KKK in Washington 1925
The Ku Klux KlanGreat increase
In power
Anti-black
Anti-immigrant
Anti-womenrsquos suffrage
Anti-bootleggers
Anti-Semitic
Anti-Catholic
Effects of Anti-Immigration
bull Court Case Sacco amp Vanzetti ndash two radical Italian immigrants were arrested convicted and executed for murder
Sacco and Vanzetti (1927)
bullAnarchist Italian immigrants convicted of murderbull Not given fair trialbull Executed bullCleared of charges in 1977
A Society in Conflictbull Anti-immigrant
ndash National Origins Act
ndash Discrimination
Sacco-Vanzetti Trial
ndash Italian immigrants
ndash Unfair trial
bull for immigrants ndash the point of origin had shifted to S amp E Europe and new religions appeared Jewish Orthodox Catholic
bull N European immigrants of early 19c feared this shift and felt it would undermine Protestant values
bull this fear was known as NATIVISMbull many wanted Congress to restrict
immigration leading to a quota system that favoured n areas of Europe
bull fear of immigrants (from SE Europe) led to a sentiment known as the Red Scare (fear of comm post-Bolshevik Rev)
bull basic comm advocates a intl revolution by the proletariatworkers -fears that this ideology could find its way into the US
Effects of Anti-Immigration
bull Immigration controls
bull Emergency Quota act
(1921) amp National
Quota Act (1924)
bull Limit the number of
Immigrants from
ldquodangerousrdquo countries
Laissez-faire
bull Return the power
of big business
bull Government
crackdown on
labor unions
-labor unions seen
as communist
supporters
Global Policies
bull The United States hope to become isolationist again
Small Towns v Big Cities
bull 1920 Census
bull gt50 of all
Americans lived in Cities
bull Farmers less
Important
Fundamentalism
bull Religious movement
of the era that
hoped to restore the
morality of America
bull Supporters Rural areas
Scopes Monkey Trial
bull Evolution vs The Bible
bull Science City
bull Bible Rural
bull Evolution is Darwinrsquos Theory that man evolved over time from monkeys
bull The Bible teaches creationism ndash God created man and all the world
Scopes ldquoMonkeyrdquo TrialEvolution vs Creationism
Dayton TennesseeFamous Lawyers
Science vs Religion
John Scopes
High School Biology teacher
SCOPES TRIAL
In March 1925 Tennessee passed the nationrsquos first law that made it a crime to teach evolution
John Scopes arrested
Scopes was a biology teacher who
dared to teach his students that man
derived from lower species
Fundamentalism
bull Scopes Monkey Trial ndash a science teacher from Tennessee wanted to teach evolution but the school would not allow it and he sued
bull ACLU ndash American Civil Liberties Union backed the teacher
bull William Jennings Bryan represented the creationist
bull Clarence Darrow represented the evolutionist
Scopes Trial
bull Fundamentalists believed the Bible was literally true and without error
bull They rejected Darwinrsquos theory of evolution
bull Evolution ndash human beings had developed from lower forms of life over the course of millions of year
bull The creationists won the trial but because of the trial the Fundamentalists fell out of favor
Scopes was found guilty and fined $100
Scopes Monkey Trial
Prohibition18th Amendment Volstead Act
Gangsters
Al Capone
Prohibition
bull The 18th amendment ndash banned the production and sale of alcohol
bull The Volstead Act ndash enforcing Prohibition became the responsibility of the US Treasury Department
bull Granted federal and state governments the power to enforce Prohibition
PROHIBITION
18th Amendment in 1920
illegal to make sell or transport liquor
Prohibition lasted from 1920
to 1933 when it was repealed
by the 21st Amendment
bull PROHIBITION - on manuf and sale of alcohol
bull adopted in 1919 - 18th AMENDMENT
bull an outgrowth of the longtime temperance movement
bull in WWI temperance became a patriotic mvmt - drunkenness caused low productivity amp inefficiency and alcohol needed to treat the wounded
bull a difficult law to enforce organized crime speakeasies bootleggers were on the rise
bull Al Capone virtually controlled Chicago in this period -capitalism at its zenithhellip
bull Prohibition finally ended in 1933 w the 21st Amendment
bull forced organized crime to pursue other interestshellip
Prohibitionbull Speakeasies ndash secret bars where you could buy
alcohol
bull Crime was glamorized and became big business Some gangsters had enough money to corrupt local politicians (organized crime)
bull Al Capone ndash one of the most successful and violent gangsters of the time
bull Bonnie and Clyde Baby Faced Nelson John Dillinger all famous during this time period
bull The Twenty-first Amendment ended Prohibition
The Speakeasy
Al Capone
Bootlegged whiskey from Canada
ran a network of 10000 speakeasies
made $60 million in bootlegging
He killed off the competition (literally)
Rise of organized crime and the Mob
bullProhibition caused a RISE in crime and lawlessness not a decrease
bull21st Amendment repeals Prohibition
Why Prohibition Failed
1Unpopular
2Led to organized crime
3Death due to poor quality alcohol
4Under funded and hard to enforce
1500 agents were responsible for enforcing
Al Capone
THE TWENTIES WOMAN
After World War I Americans were looking for a little fun in the 1920s
Chicago
1926
Why were women able to become more independent after WWI
bull 1920s also brought about great changes for women
bull 1920 - 19th Amendment gave them the federal vote
bull after 1920 social circumstances changed too as more women worked outside the home
bull and more women went to college and clamoured to join the professions
bull women didnt want to sacrifice wartime gains -amounted to a social revolt
bull characterized by the FLAPPER new womanndash (bobbed hair short dresses
smoked in public)
19th Amendment (1920)
NEW ROLES FOR WOMEN
bull More women workingndash Usually single or widowed womenndash Many women entered the workplace as nurses
teachers librarians amp secretariesndash Income to spend
bull Technology made life easierndash Stoves refrigerators vacuum cleanershellip
bull Margaret Sangerndash Birth control movementndash Family size decreases
Traditional Role of Women
bull Flappers A young woman with short skirts and rouged cheeks who had her hair cropped close in a style known as a bob
bull Women gained the right to vote with passage of the nineteenth amendment
THE FLAPPER
A Flapper was a young woman who embraced the new fashions and urban attitudes
Wanted independence
Rebelled against traditional roles
The 20rsquos is The Jazz AgeThe Flappers
make up
cigarettes
short skirts
MusiciansLouis Armstrong
Duke Ellington
WritersF Scott Fitzgerald
Ernest Hemingway
Culture of the Roaring 20rsquosRadio
KDKA Pittsburgh
GE Westinghouseamp RCA
form NBC
Silent Movies
Charlie Chaplin
ldquoTalkiesrdquoThe Jazz SingerStarring Al Jolson
Mary PickfordldquoAmericarsquos Sweetheartrdquo
Cultural Innovations
bull Talking picture ndash The Jazz Singer ndash was produced and the golden age of Hollywood began
bull Mass media ndash radio movies newspapers and magazines aimed at a broad audience ndash did more than just entertain
bull They helped to broaden peoplersquos interests and fostered a sense of shared national experience
ENTERTAINMENT AND ARTS
First sound movies Jazz Singer (1927)
First animated with sound Steamboat Willie (1928)
By 1930 millions ofAmericans went to the movies each week
Walt Disneys animated Steamboat
Willie marked the debut of Mickey
Mouse It was a seven minute long
black and white cartoon
African American Culture
bull The Great Migration ndash hundreds of thousands of African Americans move from the rural South to industrial cities in the North
bull Harlem Renaissance ndash African Americans created an environment that stimulated artistic development racial pride and a sense of community
bull Langston Hughes (writer) Louis Armstrong (trumpet player) Duke Ellington (bandleader)
Harlem Renaissance
In the 1920s it was home to a literary and artistic revival known as the Harlem Renaissance
WHAT MADE THE HARLEM RENAISSANCE POSSIBLE
Between 1910 and 1920 the Great Migration saw hundreds of thousands of African Americans move north to big cities
Migration of the Negro by
Jacob Lawrence
Harlem Renaissancebull Writers
ndash Langston Hughes (Poet)ndash Zora Neale Hurston (Writer)
bull Famous Jazz Musiciansndash ldquoDukerdquo Ellington ndash Louis Armstrong ndash Bessie Smith
bull Cotton Club famous Jazz Club in Harlemndash Blacks usually denied admission
Black Nationalism
bull Pan-Africanism aimed to unite people of African descent worldwide
bull Marcus Garvey
Universal Negro Improvement Associationndash Aims African-American
economic independence amp a Black homeland in Africa
bull Marcus Garvey (Jamaican born immigrant) established the Universal Negro Improvement Association
bull believed in Black pride
bull advocated racial segregation bc of Black superiority
bull Garvey believed Blacks should return to Africa
bull he purchased a ship to start the Black Star line
bull attracted many investments govt charged him with wfraud
bull he was found guilty and eventually deported to Jamaica but his organization continued to exist
CelebritiesBabe Ruth ampTy Cobb
Jack Dempsey
Charles Lindbergh
The Spirit of St Louis
Notables
bull Charles Lindbergh ndash first to fly across the Atlantic
bull Babe Ruth ndash may be the best known baseball player
bull Henry Ford ndash the assembly line his most important invention also developed the Model T ford
bull Welfare capitalism ndash Companies allowed workers to buy stock participate in profit sharing and receive benefits such as medical care and pensions
Notables
bull Open shop ndash a workplace where employees were not required to join a union
bull In 1920 Westinghouse Company broadcast one of the first public broadcast in history
bull 1926 National Broadcasting Company (NBC) established a permanent network of stations to distribute daily programs
bull 1928 Columbia Broadcasting System (CBS) assembled a coast-to-coast network of stations
Slides
bull Some of the slides used came from a internet site Please be aware that I am using them for educational purposes and they may not be usable due to copyright laws
Age of Prosperitybull Economic expansionbull Mass Production bull Assembly Linebull Age of the Automobile
bull Ailing Agriculturehellip
Consumer Economy
Mass Media and Communications
bull How do you find out whatrsquos going on in the world ( News fashion music etc)
bull The 1920s was in many respects the first decade of our modern era Even as cultural issues divided Americans from different regions or economic levels technology was beginning to break down other barriers
Mass Media and Communications
bull Radio Broadcast jazz and Fireside Chats (along with phonograph radio broke barriers)
bull Movies Provided escape from Depression-era realities
bull Newspapers and magazines Shaped cultural norms and sparked fads
How did the radio impact America
800 stations by 1929 = 10 million families
The Radio
Mass Consumption and the Boom Economy
bull Improved technologyndash Home Appliances that make
life easierndash Radios
bull People bought lots of consumer goods
bull Installment buyingndash Buying on credit = taking it
home and paying for it later
Leisure Time
bull The growth of cities changed leisure patterns
bull The average workweek changed from seven days 70 hours to five days 45 hours
bull Salaries and wages also were on the rise
bull Movies radio and phonographs allowed people to escape their problems and brought about a similar culture
bull The radio and movies reached all parts of the world
ndashLowered cost by using mass productionndashassembly linendash 1 worker = one taskndashAll parts interchangeable ndashMore than one made at a timendashFaster = Cheaper
Henry Ford
ldquoAny customer can
have a car painted any
color that he wants so long
as it is blackrdquo
Wanted to build a car that his employees could afford
Model T $290 in 1920
1914 500000 car
1930 30 million cars
The Impact of the Automobile Industry
ProsperityThe 1920s was a period marked by
A return to isolationism
Less government intervention
music art literature sports flourish
New consumer goods
Prohibition- speakeasies bootleggers
Flappers
A change in American values and way of life
Higher wages amp more job opportunities
Early 20rsquos Return to Normalcy
bull Belief that America needed to return to a ldquonormal liferdquo after the war
bull Normalcy=Pre-Progressivism
bull Political Corruption
bull Anti-Immigration
bull Laissez-faire
bull Isolation
bull Fundamentalism (Religious)
Republican Powerbull President
Harding
bull Elected 1920
bull Legacy of Scandals
bull ldquoTeapot Domerdquo
bull Died in office
Political Corruption
bull President Hardingrsquos presidency is marked by scandal
bull Teapot Dome Scandal Government officials gave government land to oil company
bull Prohibition Smuggling alcohol and speakeasies appear and government officials are bribed and corrupted
bull The age of Al Capone ndash well known gangster
ldquoI have no trouble with my enemieshellipBut my damned friendshelliptheyrsquore the ones that keep me
walking the floor nightsrdquo
The Teapot Dome Scandal
Teapot Dome
bull Secret leasing of federal oil reserves by the secretary of the interior Albert Bacon Fall
bull Warren G Harding transferred supervision of the naval oil-reserve lands from the navy to the Department of the Interior in 1921
bull All secretly granted to Harry F Sinclair of the Mammoth Oil Company exclusive rights to the Teapot Dome (Wyoming) reserves (April 7 1922) He granted similar rights to Edward L Deheny of Pan American Petroleum Company for the Elk Hills and Buena Vista Hills reserves in California (1921ndash22)
Teapot Dome Continued
bull Shortly after the signing of the Teapot Dome lease Fall and members of his family had received from an unknown source more than $200000 in Liberty bonds under circumstances indicating that the bonds came from a company organized by Sinclair
bull Prior to the execution of the Pan American contracts and leases Doheny at Fallrsquos request sent $100000 in currency to Fall as a ldquoloanrdquo that had not been repaid
Political Change
bull The Teapot Dome Scandal bothered Harding so much that he ended up having a heart attack and dying
bull Calvin Coolidge succeeded Harding as President in 1923 and the US started to prosper under his leadership
President CoolidgeldquoThe business of America is businessrdquo
bull Fordney-McCumber Tariff
bull Smoot-Hawley Tariff
bull No help for farmers
bull Foreign Policy
The Red Scarebull Revolution in Russia brought the Communists to power
bull Many Americans frustrated by big business owners joined the Communist Party
bull Thousands of strikes in 1919 and 1920
bull Bombs were sent to government and business leaders
Anti-Immigration
bull Cause Red Scare ndash Belief of the early 20rsquos that Communists would try to take over the US
bull A Mitchell Palmer ndash leader of Red Scare
bull Open immigration Rise of new Ku Klux Klan
bull New Immigrants most affected by the Red Scare
bull Return of Nativism
bull KKK grows to over 5 million people
The Palmer Raids
bull A Mitchell Palmer Attorney General ordered raids to hunt down suspected Communists
bull Civil rights were ignored
bullAgents searched without a search warrant
bull People were arrested and held without trial
bull Immigrants were deported
bull at this time W Wilson was gravely ill following a stroke
bull his Attorney General A Mitchell Palmer wanted to take a shot at the presidency - he used fears of both immigrants and communism to his advantage
bull he had J Edgar Hoover round up suspected radicals many of which were deported (Palmer Raids)
The KKK Rises Again
Wantagh LI
Babylon LI Mineola LI Washington DC
bull The Ku Klux Klan rises to power again ndash believed in 100 Americanism
Targetedbull Blacksbull Immigrantsbull Jewsbull Roman Catholics
KKK in Washington 1925
The Ku Klux KlanGreat increase
In power
Anti-black
Anti-immigrant
Anti-womenrsquos suffrage
Anti-bootleggers
Anti-Semitic
Anti-Catholic
Effects of Anti-Immigration
bull Court Case Sacco amp Vanzetti ndash two radical Italian immigrants were arrested convicted and executed for murder
Sacco and Vanzetti (1927)
bullAnarchist Italian immigrants convicted of murderbull Not given fair trialbull Executed bullCleared of charges in 1977
A Society in Conflictbull Anti-immigrant
ndash National Origins Act
ndash Discrimination
Sacco-Vanzetti Trial
ndash Italian immigrants
ndash Unfair trial
bull for immigrants ndash the point of origin had shifted to S amp E Europe and new religions appeared Jewish Orthodox Catholic
bull N European immigrants of early 19c feared this shift and felt it would undermine Protestant values
bull this fear was known as NATIVISMbull many wanted Congress to restrict
immigration leading to a quota system that favoured n areas of Europe
bull fear of immigrants (from SE Europe) led to a sentiment known as the Red Scare (fear of comm post-Bolshevik Rev)
bull basic comm advocates a intl revolution by the proletariatworkers -fears that this ideology could find its way into the US
Effects of Anti-Immigration
bull Immigration controls
bull Emergency Quota act
(1921) amp National
Quota Act (1924)
bull Limit the number of
Immigrants from
ldquodangerousrdquo countries
Laissez-faire
bull Return the power
of big business
bull Government
crackdown on
labor unions
-labor unions seen
as communist
supporters
Global Policies
bull The United States hope to become isolationist again
Small Towns v Big Cities
bull 1920 Census
bull gt50 of all
Americans lived in Cities
bull Farmers less
Important
Fundamentalism
bull Religious movement
of the era that
hoped to restore the
morality of America
bull Supporters Rural areas
Scopes Monkey Trial
bull Evolution vs The Bible
bull Science City
bull Bible Rural
bull Evolution is Darwinrsquos Theory that man evolved over time from monkeys
bull The Bible teaches creationism ndash God created man and all the world
Scopes ldquoMonkeyrdquo TrialEvolution vs Creationism
Dayton TennesseeFamous Lawyers
Science vs Religion
John Scopes
High School Biology teacher
SCOPES TRIAL
In March 1925 Tennessee passed the nationrsquos first law that made it a crime to teach evolution
John Scopes arrested
Scopes was a biology teacher who
dared to teach his students that man
derived from lower species
Fundamentalism
bull Scopes Monkey Trial ndash a science teacher from Tennessee wanted to teach evolution but the school would not allow it and he sued
bull ACLU ndash American Civil Liberties Union backed the teacher
bull William Jennings Bryan represented the creationist
bull Clarence Darrow represented the evolutionist
Scopes Trial
bull Fundamentalists believed the Bible was literally true and without error
bull They rejected Darwinrsquos theory of evolution
bull Evolution ndash human beings had developed from lower forms of life over the course of millions of year
bull The creationists won the trial but because of the trial the Fundamentalists fell out of favor
Scopes was found guilty and fined $100
Scopes Monkey Trial
Prohibition18th Amendment Volstead Act
Gangsters
Al Capone
Prohibition
bull The 18th amendment ndash banned the production and sale of alcohol
bull The Volstead Act ndash enforcing Prohibition became the responsibility of the US Treasury Department
bull Granted federal and state governments the power to enforce Prohibition
PROHIBITION
18th Amendment in 1920
illegal to make sell or transport liquor
Prohibition lasted from 1920
to 1933 when it was repealed
by the 21st Amendment
bull PROHIBITION - on manuf and sale of alcohol
bull adopted in 1919 - 18th AMENDMENT
bull an outgrowth of the longtime temperance movement
bull in WWI temperance became a patriotic mvmt - drunkenness caused low productivity amp inefficiency and alcohol needed to treat the wounded
bull a difficult law to enforce organized crime speakeasies bootleggers were on the rise
bull Al Capone virtually controlled Chicago in this period -capitalism at its zenithhellip
bull Prohibition finally ended in 1933 w the 21st Amendment
bull forced organized crime to pursue other interestshellip
Prohibitionbull Speakeasies ndash secret bars where you could buy
alcohol
bull Crime was glamorized and became big business Some gangsters had enough money to corrupt local politicians (organized crime)
bull Al Capone ndash one of the most successful and violent gangsters of the time
bull Bonnie and Clyde Baby Faced Nelson John Dillinger all famous during this time period
bull The Twenty-first Amendment ended Prohibition
The Speakeasy
Al Capone
Bootlegged whiskey from Canada
ran a network of 10000 speakeasies
made $60 million in bootlegging
He killed off the competition (literally)
Rise of organized crime and the Mob
bullProhibition caused a RISE in crime and lawlessness not a decrease
bull21st Amendment repeals Prohibition
Why Prohibition Failed
1Unpopular
2Led to organized crime
3Death due to poor quality alcohol
4Under funded and hard to enforce
1500 agents were responsible for enforcing
Al Capone
THE TWENTIES WOMAN
After World War I Americans were looking for a little fun in the 1920s
Chicago
1926
Why were women able to become more independent after WWI
bull 1920s also brought about great changes for women
bull 1920 - 19th Amendment gave them the federal vote
bull after 1920 social circumstances changed too as more women worked outside the home
bull and more women went to college and clamoured to join the professions
bull women didnt want to sacrifice wartime gains -amounted to a social revolt
bull characterized by the FLAPPER new womanndash (bobbed hair short dresses
smoked in public)
19th Amendment (1920)
NEW ROLES FOR WOMEN
bull More women workingndash Usually single or widowed womenndash Many women entered the workplace as nurses
teachers librarians amp secretariesndash Income to spend
bull Technology made life easierndash Stoves refrigerators vacuum cleanershellip
bull Margaret Sangerndash Birth control movementndash Family size decreases
Traditional Role of Women
bull Flappers A young woman with short skirts and rouged cheeks who had her hair cropped close in a style known as a bob
bull Women gained the right to vote with passage of the nineteenth amendment
THE FLAPPER
A Flapper was a young woman who embraced the new fashions and urban attitudes
Wanted independence
Rebelled against traditional roles
The 20rsquos is The Jazz AgeThe Flappers
make up
cigarettes
short skirts
MusiciansLouis Armstrong
Duke Ellington
WritersF Scott Fitzgerald
Ernest Hemingway
Culture of the Roaring 20rsquosRadio
KDKA Pittsburgh
GE Westinghouseamp RCA
form NBC
Silent Movies
Charlie Chaplin
ldquoTalkiesrdquoThe Jazz SingerStarring Al Jolson
Mary PickfordldquoAmericarsquos Sweetheartrdquo
Cultural Innovations
bull Talking picture ndash The Jazz Singer ndash was produced and the golden age of Hollywood began
bull Mass media ndash radio movies newspapers and magazines aimed at a broad audience ndash did more than just entertain
bull They helped to broaden peoplersquos interests and fostered a sense of shared national experience
ENTERTAINMENT AND ARTS
First sound movies Jazz Singer (1927)
First animated with sound Steamboat Willie (1928)
By 1930 millions ofAmericans went to the movies each week
Walt Disneys animated Steamboat
Willie marked the debut of Mickey
Mouse It was a seven minute long
black and white cartoon
African American Culture
bull The Great Migration ndash hundreds of thousands of African Americans move from the rural South to industrial cities in the North
bull Harlem Renaissance ndash African Americans created an environment that stimulated artistic development racial pride and a sense of community
bull Langston Hughes (writer) Louis Armstrong (trumpet player) Duke Ellington (bandleader)
Harlem Renaissance
In the 1920s it was home to a literary and artistic revival known as the Harlem Renaissance
WHAT MADE THE HARLEM RENAISSANCE POSSIBLE
Between 1910 and 1920 the Great Migration saw hundreds of thousands of African Americans move north to big cities
Migration of the Negro by
Jacob Lawrence
Harlem Renaissancebull Writers
ndash Langston Hughes (Poet)ndash Zora Neale Hurston (Writer)
bull Famous Jazz Musiciansndash ldquoDukerdquo Ellington ndash Louis Armstrong ndash Bessie Smith
bull Cotton Club famous Jazz Club in Harlemndash Blacks usually denied admission
Black Nationalism
bull Pan-Africanism aimed to unite people of African descent worldwide
bull Marcus Garvey
Universal Negro Improvement Associationndash Aims African-American
economic independence amp a Black homeland in Africa
bull Marcus Garvey (Jamaican born immigrant) established the Universal Negro Improvement Association
bull believed in Black pride
bull advocated racial segregation bc of Black superiority
bull Garvey believed Blacks should return to Africa
bull he purchased a ship to start the Black Star line
bull attracted many investments govt charged him with wfraud
bull he was found guilty and eventually deported to Jamaica but his organization continued to exist
CelebritiesBabe Ruth ampTy Cobb
Jack Dempsey
Charles Lindbergh
The Spirit of St Louis
Notables
bull Charles Lindbergh ndash first to fly across the Atlantic
bull Babe Ruth ndash may be the best known baseball player
bull Henry Ford ndash the assembly line his most important invention also developed the Model T ford
bull Welfare capitalism ndash Companies allowed workers to buy stock participate in profit sharing and receive benefits such as medical care and pensions
Notables
bull Open shop ndash a workplace where employees were not required to join a union
bull In 1920 Westinghouse Company broadcast one of the first public broadcast in history
bull 1926 National Broadcasting Company (NBC) established a permanent network of stations to distribute daily programs
bull 1928 Columbia Broadcasting System (CBS) assembled a coast-to-coast network of stations
Slides
bull Some of the slides used came from a internet site Please be aware that I am using them for educational purposes and they may not be usable due to copyright laws
Consumer Economy
Mass Media and Communications
bull How do you find out whatrsquos going on in the world ( News fashion music etc)
bull The 1920s was in many respects the first decade of our modern era Even as cultural issues divided Americans from different regions or economic levels technology was beginning to break down other barriers
Mass Media and Communications
bull Radio Broadcast jazz and Fireside Chats (along with phonograph radio broke barriers)
bull Movies Provided escape from Depression-era realities
bull Newspapers and magazines Shaped cultural norms and sparked fads
How did the radio impact America
800 stations by 1929 = 10 million families
The Radio
Mass Consumption and the Boom Economy
bull Improved technologyndash Home Appliances that make
life easierndash Radios
bull People bought lots of consumer goods
bull Installment buyingndash Buying on credit = taking it
home and paying for it later
Leisure Time
bull The growth of cities changed leisure patterns
bull The average workweek changed from seven days 70 hours to five days 45 hours
bull Salaries and wages also were on the rise
bull Movies radio and phonographs allowed people to escape their problems and brought about a similar culture
bull The radio and movies reached all parts of the world
ndashLowered cost by using mass productionndashassembly linendash 1 worker = one taskndashAll parts interchangeable ndashMore than one made at a timendashFaster = Cheaper
Henry Ford
ldquoAny customer can
have a car painted any
color that he wants so long
as it is blackrdquo
Wanted to build a car that his employees could afford
Model T $290 in 1920
1914 500000 car
1930 30 million cars
The Impact of the Automobile Industry
ProsperityThe 1920s was a period marked by
A return to isolationism
Less government intervention
music art literature sports flourish
New consumer goods
Prohibition- speakeasies bootleggers
Flappers
A change in American values and way of life
Higher wages amp more job opportunities
Early 20rsquos Return to Normalcy
bull Belief that America needed to return to a ldquonormal liferdquo after the war
bull Normalcy=Pre-Progressivism
bull Political Corruption
bull Anti-Immigration
bull Laissez-faire
bull Isolation
bull Fundamentalism (Religious)
Republican Powerbull President
Harding
bull Elected 1920
bull Legacy of Scandals
bull ldquoTeapot Domerdquo
bull Died in office
Political Corruption
bull President Hardingrsquos presidency is marked by scandal
bull Teapot Dome Scandal Government officials gave government land to oil company
bull Prohibition Smuggling alcohol and speakeasies appear and government officials are bribed and corrupted
bull The age of Al Capone ndash well known gangster
ldquoI have no trouble with my enemieshellipBut my damned friendshelliptheyrsquore the ones that keep me
walking the floor nightsrdquo
The Teapot Dome Scandal
Teapot Dome
bull Secret leasing of federal oil reserves by the secretary of the interior Albert Bacon Fall
bull Warren G Harding transferred supervision of the naval oil-reserve lands from the navy to the Department of the Interior in 1921
bull All secretly granted to Harry F Sinclair of the Mammoth Oil Company exclusive rights to the Teapot Dome (Wyoming) reserves (April 7 1922) He granted similar rights to Edward L Deheny of Pan American Petroleum Company for the Elk Hills and Buena Vista Hills reserves in California (1921ndash22)
Teapot Dome Continued
bull Shortly after the signing of the Teapot Dome lease Fall and members of his family had received from an unknown source more than $200000 in Liberty bonds under circumstances indicating that the bonds came from a company organized by Sinclair
bull Prior to the execution of the Pan American contracts and leases Doheny at Fallrsquos request sent $100000 in currency to Fall as a ldquoloanrdquo that had not been repaid
Political Change
bull The Teapot Dome Scandal bothered Harding so much that he ended up having a heart attack and dying
bull Calvin Coolidge succeeded Harding as President in 1923 and the US started to prosper under his leadership
President CoolidgeldquoThe business of America is businessrdquo
bull Fordney-McCumber Tariff
bull Smoot-Hawley Tariff
bull No help for farmers
bull Foreign Policy
The Red Scarebull Revolution in Russia brought the Communists to power
bull Many Americans frustrated by big business owners joined the Communist Party
bull Thousands of strikes in 1919 and 1920
bull Bombs were sent to government and business leaders
Anti-Immigration
bull Cause Red Scare ndash Belief of the early 20rsquos that Communists would try to take over the US
bull A Mitchell Palmer ndash leader of Red Scare
bull Open immigration Rise of new Ku Klux Klan
bull New Immigrants most affected by the Red Scare
bull Return of Nativism
bull KKK grows to over 5 million people
The Palmer Raids
bull A Mitchell Palmer Attorney General ordered raids to hunt down suspected Communists
bull Civil rights were ignored
bullAgents searched without a search warrant
bull People were arrested and held without trial
bull Immigrants were deported
bull at this time W Wilson was gravely ill following a stroke
bull his Attorney General A Mitchell Palmer wanted to take a shot at the presidency - he used fears of both immigrants and communism to his advantage
bull he had J Edgar Hoover round up suspected radicals many of which were deported (Palmer Raids)
The KKK Rises Again
Wantagh LI
Babylon LI Mineola LI Washington DC
bull The Ku Klux Klan rises to power again ndash believed in 100 Americanism
Targetedbull Blacksbull Immigrantsbull Jewsbull Roman Catholics
KKK in Washington 1925
The Ku Klux KlanGreat increase
In power
Anti-black
Anti-immigrant
Anti-womenrsquos suffrage
Anti-bootleggers
Anti-Semitic
Anti-Catholic
Effects of Anti-Immigration
bull Court Case Sacco amp Vanzetti ndash two radical Italian immigrants were arrested convicted and executed for murder
Sacco and Vanzetti (1927)
bullAnarchist Italian immigrants convicted of murderbull Not given fair trialbull Executed bullCleared of charges in 1977
A Society in Conflictbull Anti-immigrant
ndash National Origins Act
ndash Discrimination
Sacco-Vanzetti Trial
ndash Italian immigrants
ndash Unfair trial
bull for immigrants ndash the point of origin had shifted to S amp E Europe and new religions appeared Jewish Orthodox Catholic
bull N European immigrants of early 19c feared this shift and felt it would undermine Protestant values
bull this fear was known as NATIVISMbull many wanted Congress to restrict
immigration leading to a quota system that favoured n areas of Europe
bull fear of immigrants (from SE Europe) led to a sentiment known as the Red Scare (fear of comm post-Bolshevik Rev)
bull basic comm advocates a intl revolution by the proletariatworkers -fears that this ideology could find its way into the US
Effects of Anti-Immigration
bull Immigration controls
bull Emergency Quota act
(1921) amp National
Quota Act (1924)
bull Limit the number of
Immigrants from
ldquodangerousrdquo countries
Laissez-faire
bull Return the power
of big business
bull Government
crackdown on
labor unions
-labor unions seen
as communist
supporters
Global Policies
bull The United States hope to become isolationist again
Small Towns v Big Cities
bull 1920 Census
bull gt50 of all
Americans lived in Cities
bull Farmers less
Important
Fundamentalism
bull Religious movement
of the era that
hoped to restore the
morality of America
bull Supporters Rural areas
Scopes Monkey Trial
bull Evolution vs The Bible
bull Science City
bull Bible Rural
bull Evolution is Darwinrsquos Theory that man evolved over time from monkeys
bull The Bible teaches creationism ndash God created man and all the world
Scopes ldquoMonkeyrdquo TrialEvolution vs Creationism
Dayton TennesseeFamous Lawyers
Science vs Religion
John Scopes
High School Biology teacher
SCOPES TRIAL
In March 1925 Tennessee passed the nationrsquos first law that made it a crime to teach evolution
John Scopes arrested
Scopes was a biology teacher who
dared to teach his students that man
derived from lower species
Fundamentalism
bull Scopes Monkey Trial ndash a science teacher from Tennessee wanted to teach evolution but the school would not allow it and he sued
bull ACLU ndash American Civil Liberties Union backed the teacher
bull William Jennings Bryan represented the creationist
bull Clarence Darrow represented the evolutionist
Scopes Trial
bull Fundamentalists believed the Bible was literally true and without error
bull They rejected Darwinrsquos theory of evolution
bull Evolution ndash human beings had developed from lower forms of life over the course of millions of year
bull The creationists won the trial but because of the trial the Fundamentalists fell out of favor
Scopes was found guilty and fined $100
Scopes Monkey Trial
Prohibition18th Amendment Volstead Act
Gangsters
Al Capone
Prohibition
bull The 18th amendment ndash banned the production and sale of alcohol
bull The Volstead Act ndash enforcing Prohibition became the responsibility of the US Treasury Department
bull Granted federal and state governments the power to enforce Prohibition
PROHIBITION
18th Amendment in 1920
illegal to make sell or transport liquor
Prohibition lasted from 1920
to 1933 when it was repealed
by the 21st Amendment
bull PROHIBITION - on manuf and sale of alcohol
bull adopted in 1919 - 18th AMENDMENT
bull an outgrowth of the longtime temperance movement
bull in WWI temperance became a patriotic mvmt - drunkenness caused low productivity amp inefficiency and alcohol needed to treat the wounded
bull a difficult law to enforce organized crime speakeasies bootleggers were on the rise
bull Al Capone virtually controlled Chicago in this period -capitalism at its zenithhellip
bull Prohibition finally ended in 1933 w the 21st Amendment
bull forced organized crime to pursue other interestshellip
Prohibitionbull Speakeasies ndash secret bars where you could buy
alcohol
bull Crime was glamorized and became big business Some gangsters had enough money to corrupt local politicians (organized crime)
bull Al Capone ndash one of the most successful and violent gangsters of the time
bull Bonnie and Clyde Baby Faced Nelson John Dillinger all famous during this time period
bull The Twenty-first Amendment ended Prohibition
The Speakeasy
Al Capone
Bootlegged whiskey from Canada
ran a network of 10000 speakeasies
made $60 million in bootlegging
He killed off the competition (literally)
Rise of organized crime and the Mob
bullProhibition caused a RISE in crime and lawlessness not a decrease
bull21st Amendment repeals Prohibition
Why Prohibition Failed
1Unpopular
2Led to organized crime
3Death due to poor quality alcohol
4Under funded and hard to enforce
1500 agents were responsible for enforcing
Al Capone
THE TWENTIES WOMAN
After World War I Americans were looking for a little fun in the 1920s
Chicago
1926
Why were women able to become more independent after WWI
bull 1920s also brought about great changes for women
bull 1920 - 19th Amendment gave them the federal vote
bull after 1920 social circumstances changed too as more women worked outside the home
bull and more women went to college and clamoured to join the professions
bull women didnt want to sacrifice wartime gains -amounted to a social revolt
bull characterized by the FLAPPER new womanndash (bobbed hair short dresses
smoked in public)
19th Amendment (1920)
NEW ROLES FOR WOMEN
bull More women workingndash Usually single or widowed womenndash Many women entered the workplace as nurses
teachers librarians amp secretariesndash Income to spend
bull Technology made life easierndash Stoves refrigerators vacuum cleanershellip
bull Margaret Sangerndash Birth control movementndash Family size decreases
Traditional Role of Women
bull Flappers A young woman with short skirts and rouged cheeks who had her hair cropped close in a style known as a bob
bull Women gained the right to vote with passage of the nineteenth amendment
THE FLAPPER
A Flapper was a young woman who embraced the new fashions and urban attitudes
Wanted independence
Rebelled against traditional roles
The 20rsquos is The Jazz AgeThe Flappers
make up
cigarettes
short skirts
MusiciansLouis Armstrong
Duke Ellington
WritersF Scott Fitzgerald
Ernest Hemingway
Culture of the Roaring 20rsquosRadio
KDKA Pittsburgh
GE Westinghouseamp RCA
form NBC
Silent Movies
Charlie Chaplin
ldquoTalkiesrdquoThe Jazz SingerStarring Al Jolson
Mary PickfordldquoAmericarsquos Sweetheartrdquo
Cultural Innovations
bull Talking picture ndash The Jazz Singer ndash was produced and the golden age of Hollywood began
bull Mass media ndash radio movies newspapers and magazines aimed at a broad audience ndash did more than just entertain
bull They helped to broaden peoplersquos interests and fostered a sense of shared national experience
ENTERTAINMENT AND ARTS
First sound movies Jazz Singer (1927)
First animated with sound Steamboat Willie (1928)
By 1930 millions ofAmericans went to the movies each week
Walt Disneys animated Steamboat
Willie marked the debut of Mickey
Mouse It was a seven minute long
black and white cartoon
African American Culture
bull The Great Migration ndash hundreds of thousands of African Americans move from the rural South to industrial cities in the North
bull Harlem Renaissance ndash African Americans created an environment that stimulated artistic development racial pride and a sense of community
bull Langston Hughes (writer) Louis Armstrong (trumpet player) Duke Ellington (bandleader)
Harlem Renaissance
In the 1920s it was home to a literary and artistic revival known as the Harlem Renaissance
WHAT MADE THE HARLEM RENAISSANCE POSSIBLE
Between 1910 and 1920 the Great Migration saw hundreds of thousands of African Americans move north to big cities
Migration of the Negro by
Jacob Lawrence
Harlem Renaissancebull Writers
ndash Langston Hughes (Poet)ndash Zora Neale Hurston (Writer)
bull Famous Jazz Musiciansndash ldquoDukerdquo Ellington ndash Louis Armstrong ndash Bessie Smith
bull Cotton Club famous Jazz Club in Harlemndash Blacks usually denied admission
Black Nationalism
bull Pan-Africanism aimed to unite people of African descent worldwide
bull Marcus Garvey
Universal Negro Improvement Associationndash Aims African-American
economic independence amp a Black homeland in Africa
bull Marcus Garvey (Jamaican born immigrant) established the Universal Negro Improvement Association
bull believed in Black pride
bull advocated racial segregation bc of Black superiority
bull Garvey believed Blacks should return to Africa
bull he purchased a ship to start the Black Star line
bull attracted many investments govt charged him with wfraud
bull he was found guilty and eventually deported to Jamaica but his organization continued to exist
CelebritiesBabe Ruth ampTy Cobb
Jack Dempsey
Charles Lindbergh
The Spirit of St Louis
Notables
bull Charles Lindbergh ndash first to fly across the Atlantic
bull Babe Ruth ndash may be the best known baseball player
bull Henry Ford ndash the assembly line his most important invention also developed the Model T ford
bull Welfare capitalism ndash Companies allowed workers to buy stock participate in profit sharing and receive benefits such as medical care and pensions
Notables
bull Open shop ndash a workplace where employees were not required to join a union
bull In 1920 Westinghouse Company broadcast one of the first public broadcast in history
bull 1926 National Broadcasting Company (NBC) established a permanent network of stations to distribute daily programs
bull 1928 Columbia Broadcasting System (CBS) assembled a coast-to-coast network of stations
Slides
bull Some of the slides used came from a internet site Please be aware that I am using them for educational purposes and they may not be usable due to copyright laws
Mass Media and Communications
bull How do you find out whatrsquos going on in the world ( News fashion music etc)
bull The 1920s was in many respects the first decade of our modern era Even as cultural issues divided Americans from different regions or economic levels technology was beginning to break down other barriers
Mass Media and Communications
bull Radio Broadcast jazz and Fireside Chats (along with phonograph radio broke barriers)
bull Movies Provided escape from Depression-era realities
bull Newspapers and magazines Shaped cultural norms and sparked fads
How did the radio impact America
800 stations by 1929 = 10 million families
The Radio
Mass Consumption and the Boom Economy
bull Improved technologyndash Home Appliances that make
life easierndash Radios
bull People bought lots of consumer goods
bull Installment buyingndash Buying on credit = taking it
home and paying for it later
Leisure Time
bull The growth of cities changed leisure patterns
bull The average workweek changed from seven days 70 hours to five days 45 hours
bull Salaries and wages also were on the rise
bull Movies radio and phonographs allowed people to escape their problems and brought about a similar culture
bull The radio and movies reached all parts of the world
ndashLowered cost by using mass productionndashassembly linendash 1 worker = one taskndashAll parts interchangeable ndashMore than one made at a timendashFaster = Cheaper
Henry Ford
ldquoAny customer can
have a car painted any
color that he wants so long
as it is blackrdquo
Wanted to build a car that his employees could afford
Model T $290 in 1920
1914 500000 car
1930 30 million cars
The Impact of the Automobile Industry
ProsperityThe 1920s was a period marked by
A return to isolationism
Less government intervention
music art literature sports flourish
New consumer goods
Prohibition- speakeasies bootleggers
Flappers
A change in American values and way of life
Higher wages amp more job opportunities
Early 20rsquos Return to Normalcy
bull Belief that America needed to return to a ldquonormal liferdquo after the war
bull Normalcy=Pre-Progressivism
bull Political Corruption
bull Anti-Immigration
bull Laissez-faire
bull Isolation
bull Fundamentalism (Religious)
Republican Powerbull President
Harding
bull Elected 1920
bull Legacy of Scandals
bull ldquoTeapot Domerdquo
bull Died in office
Political Corruption
bull President Hardingrsquos presidency is marked by scandal
bull Teapot Dome Scandal Government officials gave government land to oil company
bull Prohibition Smuggling alcohol and speakeasies appear and government officials are bribed and corrupted
bull The age of Al Capone ndash well known gangster
ldquoI have no trouble with my enemieshellipBut my damned friendshelliptheyrsquore the ones that keep me
walking the floor nightsrdquo
The Teapot Dome Scandal
Teapot Dome
bull Secret leasing of federal oil reserves by the secretary of the interior Albert Bacon Fall
bull Warren G Harding transferred supervision of the naval oil-reserve lands from the navy to the Department of the Interior in 1921
bull All secretly granted to Harry F Sinclair of the Mammoth Oil Company exclusive rights to the Teapot Dome (Wyoming) reserves (April 7 1922) He granted similar rights to Edward L Deheny of Pan American Petroleum Company for the Elk Hills and Buena Vista Hills reserves in California (1921ndash22)
Teapot Dome Continued
bull Shortly after the signing of the Teapot Dome lease Fall and members of his family had received from an unknown source more than $200000 in Liberty bonds under circumstances indicating that the bonds came from a company organized by Sinclair
bull Prior to the execution of the Pan American contracts and leases Doheny at Fallrsquos request sent $100000 in currency to Fall as a ldquoloanrdquo that had not been repaid
Political Change
bull The Teapot Dome Scandal bothered Harding so much that he ended up having a heart attack and dying
bull Calvin Coolidge succeeded Harding as President in 1923 and the US started to prosper under his leadership
President CoolidgeldquoThe business of America is businessrdquo
bull Fordney-McCumber Tariff
bull Smoot-Hawley Tariff
bull No help for farmers
bull Foreign Policy
The Red Scarebull Revolution in Russia brought the Communists to power
bull Many Americans frustrated by big business owners joined the Communist Party
bull Thousands of strikes in 1919 and 1920
bull Bombs were sent to government and business leaders
Anti-Immigration
bull Cause Red Scare ndash Belief of the early 20rsquos that Communists would try to take over the US
bull A Mitchell Palmer ndash leader of Red Scare
bull Open immigration Rise of new Ku Klux Klan
bull New Immigrants most affected by the Red Scare
bull Return of Nativism
bull KKK grows to over 5 million people
The Palmer Raids
bull A Mitchell Palmer Attorney General ordered raids to hunt down suspected Communists
bull Civil rights were ignored
bullAgents searched without a search warrant
bull People were arrested and held without trial
bull Immigrants were deported
bull at this time W Wilson was gravely ill following a stroke
bull his Attorney General A Mitchell Palmer wanted to take a shot at the presidency - he used fears of both immigrants and communism to his advantage
bull he had J Edgar Hoover round up suspected radicals many of which were deported (Palmer Raids)
The KKK Rises Again
Wantagh LI
Babylon LI Mineola LI Washington DC
bull The Ku Klux Klan rises to power again ndash believed in 100 Americanism
Targetedbull Blacksbull Immigrantsbull Jewsbull Roman Catholics
KKK in Washington 1925
The Ku Klux KlanGreat increase
In power
Anti-black
Anti-immigrant
Anti-womenrsquos suffrage
Anti-bootleggers
Anti-Semitic
Anti-Catholic
Effects of Anti-Immigration
bull Court Case Sacco amp Vanzetti ndash two radical Italian immigrants were arrested convicted and executed for murder
Sacco and Vanzetti (1927)
bullAnarchist Italian immigrants convicted of murderbull Not given fair trialbull Executed bullCleared of charges in 1977
A Society in Conflictbull Anti-immigrant
ndash National Origins Act
ndash Discrimination
Sacco-Vanzetti Trial
ndash Italian immigrants
ndash Unfair trial
bull for immigrants ndash the point of origin had shifted to S amp E Europe and new religions appeared Jewish Orthodox Catholic
bull N European immigrants of early 19c feared this shift and felt it would undermine Protestant values
bull this fear was known as NATIVISMbull many wanted Congress to restrict
immigration leading to a quota system that favoured n areas of Europe
bull fear of immigrants (from SE Europe) led to a sentiment known as the Red Scare (fear of comm post-Bolshevik Rev)
bull basic comm advocates a intl revolution by the proletariatworkers -fears that this ideology could find its way into the US
Effects of Anti-Immigration
bull Immigration controls
bull Emergency Quota act
(1921) amp National
Quota Act (1924)
bull Limit the number of
Immigrants from
ldquodangerousrdquo countries
Laissez-faire
bull Return the power
of big business
bull Government
crackdown on
labor unions
-labor unions seen
as communist
supporters
Global Policies
bull The United States hope to become isolationist again
Small Towns v Big Cities
bull 1920 Census
bull gt50 of all
Americans lived in Cities
bull Farmers less
Important
Fundamentalism
bull Religious movement
of the era that
hoped to restore the
morality of America
bull Supporters Rural areas
Scopes Monkey Trial
bull Evolution vs The Bible
bull Science City
bull Bible Rural
bull Evolution is Darwinrsquos Theory that man evolved over time from monkeys
bull The Bible teaches creationism ndash God created man and all the world
Scopes ldquoMonkeyrdquo TrialEvolution vs Creationism
Dayton TennesseeFamous Lawyers
Science vs Religion
John Scopes
High School Biology teacher
SCOPES TRIAL
In March 1925 Tennessee passed the nationrsquos first law that made it a crime to teach evolution
John Scopes arrested
Scopes was a biology teacher who
dared to teach his students that man
derived from lower species
Fundamentalism
bull Scopes Monkey Trial ndash a science teacher from Tennessee wanted to teach evolution but the school would not allow it and he sued
bull ACLU ndash American Civil Liberties Union backed the teacher
bull William Jennings Bryan represented the creationist
bull Clarence Darrow represented the evolutionist
Scopes Trial
bull Fundamentalists believed the Bible was literally true and without error
bull They rejected Darwinrsquos theory of evolution
bull Evolution ndash human beings had developed from lower forms of life over the course of millions of year
bull The creationists won the trial but because of the trial the Fundamentalists fell out of favor
Scopes was found guilty and fined $100
Scopes Monkey Trial
Prohibition18th Amendment Volstead Act
Gangsters
Al Capone
Prohibition
bull The 18th amendment ndash banned the production and sale of alcohol
bull The Volstead Act ndash enforcing Prohibition became the responsibility of the US Treasury Department
bull Granted federal and state governments the power to enforce Prohibition
PROHIBITION
18th Amendment in 1920
illegal to make sell or transport liquor
Prohibition lasted from 1920
to 1933 when it was repealed
by the 21st Amendment
bull PROHIBITION - on manuf and sale of alcohol
bull adopted in 1919 - 18th AMENDMENT
bull an outgrowth of the longtime temperance movement
bull in WWI temperance became a patriotic mvmt - drunkenness caused low productivity amp inefficiency and alcohol needed to treat the wounded
bull a difficult law to enforce organized crime speakeasies bootleggers were on the rise
bull Al Capone virtually controlled Chicago in this period -capitalism at its zenithhellip
bull Prohibition finally ended in 1933 w the 21st Amendment
bull forced organized crime to pursue other interestshellip
Prohibitionbull Speakeasies ndash secret bars where you could buy
alcohol
bull Crime was glamorized and became big business Some gangsters had enough money to corrupt local politicians (organized crime)
bull Al Capone ndash one of the most successful and violent gangsters of the time
bull Bonnie and Clyde Baby Faced Nelson John Dillinger all famous during this time period
bull The Twenty-first Amendment ended Prohibition
The Speakeasy
Al Capone
Bootlegged whiskey from Canada
ran a network of 10000 speakeasies
made $60 million in bootlegging
He killed off the competition (literally)
Rise of organized crime and the Mob
bullProhibition caused a RISE in crime and lawlessness not a decrease
bull21st Amendment repeals Prohibition
Why Prohibition Failed
1Unpopular
2Led to organized crime
3Death due to poor quality alcohol
4Under funded and hard to enforce
1500 agents were responsible for enforcing
Al Capone
THE TWENTIES WOMAN
After World War I Americans were looking for a little fun in the 1920s
Chicago
1926
Why were women able to become more independent after WWI
bull 1920s also brought about great changes for women
bull 1920 - 19th Amendment gave them the federal vote
bull after 1920 social circumstances changed too as more women worked outside the home
bull and more women went to college and clamoured to join the professions
bull women didnt want to sacrifice wartime gains -amounted to a social revolt
bull characterized by the FLAPPER new womanndash (bobbed hair short dresses
smoked in public)
19th Amendment (1920)
NEW ROLES FOR WOMEN
bull More women workingndash Usually single or widowed womenndash Many women entered the workplace as nurses
teachers librarians amp secretariesndash Income to spend
bull Technology made life easierndash Stoves refrigerators vacuum cleanershellip
bull Margaret Sangerndash Birth control movementndash Family size decreases
Traditional Role of Women
bull Flappers A young woman with short skirts and rouged cheeks who had her hair cropped close in a style known as a bob
bull Women gained the right to vote with passage of the nineteenth amendment
THE FLAPPER
A Flapper was a young woman who embraced the new fashions and urban attitudes
Wanted independence
Rebelled against traditional roles
The 20rsquos is The Jazz AgeThe Flappers
make up
cigarettes
short skirts
MusiciansLouis Armstrong
Duke Ellington
WritersF Scott Fitzgerald
Ernest Hemingway
Culture of the Roaring 20rsquosRadio
KDKA Pittsburgh
GE Westinghouseamp RCA
form NBC
Silent Movies
Charlie Chaplin
ldquoTalkiesrdquoThe Jazz SingerStarring Al Jolson
Mary PickfordldquoAmericarsquos Sweetheartrdquo
Cultural Innovations
bull Talking picture ndash The Jazz Singer ndash was produced and the golden age of Hollywood began
bull Mass media ndash radio movies newspapers and magazines aimed at a broad audience ndash did more than just entertain
bull They helped to broaden peoplersquos interests and fostered a sense of shared national experience
ENTERTAINMENT AND ARTS
First sound movies Jazz Singer (1927)
First animated with sound Steamboat Willie (1928)
By 1930 millions ofAmericans went to the movies each week
Walt Disneys animated Steamboat
Willie marked the debut of Mickey
Mouse It was a seven minute long
black and white cartoon
African American Culture
bull The Great Migration ndash hundreds of thousands of African Americans move from the rural South to industrial cities in the North
bull Harlem Renaissance ndash African Americans created an environment that stimulated artistic development racial pride and a sense of community
bull Langston Hughes (writer) Louis Armstrong (trumpet player) Duke Ellington (bandleader)
Harlem Renaissance
In the 1920s it was home to a literary and artistic revival known as the Harlem Renaissance
WHAT MADE THE HARLEM RENAISSANCE POSSIBLE
Between 1910 and 1920 the Great Migration saw hundreds of thousands of African Americans move north to big cities
Migration of the Negro by
Jacob Lawrence
Harlem Renaissancebull Writers
ndash Langston Hughes (Poet)ndash Zora Neale Hurston (Writer)
bull Famous Jazz Musiciansndash ldquoDukerdquo Ellington ndash Louis Armstrong ndash Bessie Smith
bull Cotton Club famous Jazz Club in Harlemndash Blacks usually denied admission
Black Nationalism
bull Pan-Africanism aimed to unite people of African descent worldwide
bull Marcus Garvey
Universal Negro Improvement Associationndash Aims African-American
economic independence amp a Black homeland in Africa
bull Marcus Garvey (Jamaican born immigrant) established the Universal Negro Improvement Association
bull believed in Black pride
bull advocated racial segregation bc of Black superiority
bull Garvey believed Blacks should return to Africa
bull he purchased a ship to start the Black Star line
bull attracted many investments govt charged him with wfraud
bull he was found guilty and eventually deported to Jamaica but his organization continued to exist
CelebritiesBabe Ruth ampTy Cobb
Jack Dempsey
Charles Lindbergh
The Spirit of St Louis
Notables
bull Charles Lindbergh ndash first to fly across the Atlantic
bull Babe Ruth ndash may be the best known baseball player
bull Henry Ford ndash the assembly line his most important invention also developed the Model T ford
bull Welfare capitalism ndash Companies allowed workers to buy stock participate in profit sharing and receive benefits such as medical care and pensions
Notables
bull Open shop ndash a workplace where employees were not required to join a union
bull In 1920 Westinghouse Company broadcast one of the first public broadcast in history
bull 1926 National Broadcasting Company (NBC) established a permanent network of stations to distribute daily programs
bull 1928 Columbia Broadcasting System (CBS) assembled a coast-to-coast network of stations
Slides
bull Some of the slides used came from a internet site Please be aware that I am using them for educational purposes and they may not be usable due to copyright laws
Mass Media and Communications
bull Radio Broadcast jazz and Fireside Chats (along with phonograph radio broke barriers)
bull Movies Provided escape from Depression-era realities
bull Newspapers and magazines Shaped cultural norms and sparked fads
How did the radio impact America
800 stations by 1929 = 10 million families
The Radio
Mass Consumption and the Boom Economy
bull Improved technologyndash Home Appliances that make
life easierndash Radios
bull People bought lots of consumer goods
bull Installment buyingndash Buying on credit = taking it
home and paying for it later
Leisure Time
bull The growth of cities changed leisure patterns
bull The average workweek changed from seven days 70 hours to five days 45 hours
bull Salaries and wages also were on the rise
bull Movies radio and phonographs allowed people to escape their problems and brought about a similar culture
bull The radio and movies reached all parts of the world
ndashLowered cost by using mass productionndashassembly linendash 1 worker = one taskndashAll parts interchangeable ndashMore than one made at a timendashFaster = Cheaper
Henry Ford
ldquoAny customer can
have a car painted any
color that he wants so long
as it is blackrdquo
Wanted to build a car that his employees could afford
Model T $290 in 1920
1914 500000 car
1930 30 million cars
The Impact of the Automobile Industry
ProsperityThe 1920s was a period marked by
A return to isolationism
Less government intervention
music art literature sports flourish
New consumer goods
Prohibition- speakeasies bootleggers
Flappers
A change in American values and way of life
Higher wages amp more job opportunities
Early 20rsquos Return to Normalcy
bull Belief that America needed to return to a ldquonormal liferdquo after the war
bull Normalcy=Pre-Progressivism
bull Political Corruption
bull Anti-Immigration
bull Laissez-faire
bull Isolation
bull Fundamentalism (Religious)
Republican Powerbull President
Harding
bull Elected 1920
bull Legacy of Scandals
bull ldquoTeapot Domerdquo
bull Died in office
Political Corruption
bull President Hardingrsquos presidency is marked by scandal
bull Teapot Dome Scandal Government officials gave government land to oil company
bull Prohibition Smuggling alcohol and speakeasies appear and government officials are bribed and corrupted
bull The age of Al Capone ndash well known gangster
ldquoI have no trouble with my enemieshellipBut my damned friendshelliptheyrsquore the ones that keep me
walking the floor nightsrdquo
The Teapot Dome Scandal
Teapot Dome
bull Secret leasing of federal oil reserves by the secretary of the interior Albert Bacon Fall
bull Warren G Harding transferred supervision of the naval oil-reserve lands from the navy to the Department of the Interior in 1921
bull All secretly granted to Harry F Sinclair of the Mammoth Oil Company exclusive rights to the Teapot Dome (Wyoming) reserves (April 7 1922) He granted similar rights to Edward L Deheny of Pan American Petroleum Company for the Elk Hills and Buena Vista Hills reserves in California (1921ndash22)
Teapot Dome Continued
bull Shortly after the signing of the Teapot Dome lease Fall and members of his family had received from an unknown source more than $200000 in Liberty bonds under circumstances indicating that the bonds came from a company organized by Sinclair
bull Prior to the execution of the Pan American contracts and leases Doheny at Fallrsquos request sent $100000 in currency to Fall as a ldquoloanrdquo that had not been repaid
Political Change
bull The Teapot Dome Scandal bothered Harding so much that he ended up having a heart attack and dying
bull Calvin Coolidge succeeded Harding as President in 1923 and the US started to prosper under his leadership
President CoolidgeldquoThe business of America is businessrdquo
bull Fordney-McCumber Tariff
bull Smoot-Hawley Tariff
bull No help for farmers
bull Foreign Policy
The Red Scarebull Revolution in Russia brought the Communists to power
bull Many Americans frustrated by big business owners joined the Communist Party
bull Thousands of strikes in 1919 and 1920
bull Bombs were sent to government and business leaders
Anti-Immigration
bull Cause Red Scare ndash Belief of the early 20rsquos that Communists would try to take over the US
bull A Mitchell Palmer ndash leader of Red Scare
bull Open immigration Rise of new Ku Klux Klan
bull New Immigrants most affected by the Red Scare
bull Return of Nativism
bull KKK grows to over 5 million people
The Palmer Raids
bull A Mitchell Palmer Attorney General ordered raids to hunt down suspected Communists
bull Civil rights were ignored
bullAgents searched without a search warrant
bull People were arrested and held without trial
bull Immigrants were deported
bull at this time W Wilson was gravely ill following a stroke
bull his Attorney General A Mitchell Palmer wanted to take a shot at the presidency - he used fears of both immigrants and communism to his advantage
bull he had J Edgar Hoover round up suspected radicals many of which were deported (Palmer Raids)
The KKK Rises Again
Wantagh LI
Babylon LI Mineola LI Washington DC
bull The Ku Klux Klan rises to power again ndash believed in 100 Americanism
Targetedbull Blacksbull Immigrantsbull Jewsbull Roman Catholics
KKK in Washington 1925
The Ku Klux KlanGreat increase
In power
Anti-black
Anti-immigrant
Anti-womenrsquos suffrage
Anti-bootleggers
Anti-Semitic
Anti-Catholic
Effects of Anti-Immigration
bull Court Case Sacco amp Vanzetti ndash two radical Italian immigrants were arrested convicted and executed for murder
Sacco and Vanzetti (1927)
bullAnarchist Italian immigrants convicted of murderbull Not given fair trialbull Executed bullCleared of charges in 1977
A Society in Conflictbull Anti-immigrant
ndash National Origins Act
ndash Discrimination
Sacco-Vanzetti Trial
ndash Italian immigrants
ndash Unfair trial
bull for immigrants ndash the point of origin had shifted to S amp E Europe and new religions appeared Jewish Orthodox Catholic
bull N European immigrants of early 19c feared this shift and felt it would undermine Protestant values
bull this fear was known as NATIVISMbull many wanted Congress to restrict
immigration leading to a quota system that favoured n areas of Europe
bull fear of immigrants (from SE Europe) led to a sentiment known as the Red Scare (fear of comm post-Bolshevik Rev)
bull basic comm advocates a intl revolution by the proletariatworkers -fears that this ideology could find its way into the US
Effects of Anti-Immigration
bull Immigration controls
bull Emergency Quota act
(1921) amp National
Quota Act (1924)
bull Limit the number of
Immigrants from
ldquodangerousrdquo countries
Laissez-faire
bull Return the power
of big business
bull Government
crackdown on
labor unions
-labor unions seen
as communist
supporters
Global Policies
bull The United States hope to become isolationist again
Small Towns v Big Cities
bull 1920 Census
bull gt50 of all
Americans lived in Cities
bull Farmers less
Important
Fundamentalism
bull Religious movement
of the era that
hoped to restore the
morality of America
bull Supporters Rural areas
Scopes Monkey Trial
bull Evolution vs The Bible
bull Science City
bull Bible Rural
bull Evolution is Darwinrsquos Theory that man evolved over time from monkeys
bull The Bible teaches creationism ndash God created man and all the world
Scopes ldquoMonkeyrdquo TrialEvolution vs Creationism
Dayton TennesseeFamous Lawyers
Science vs Religion
John Scopes
High School Biology teacher
SCOPES TRIAL
In March 1925 Tennessee passed the nationrsquos first law that made it a crime to teach evolution
John Scopes arrested
Scopes was a biology teacher who
dared to teach his students that man
derived from lower species
Fundamentalism
bull Scopes Monkey Trial ndash a science teacher from Tennessee wanted to teach evolution but the school would not allow it and he sued
bull ACLU ndash American Civil Liberties Union backed the teacher
bull William Jennings Bryan represented the creationist
bull Clarence Darrow represented the evolutionist
Scopes Trial
bull Fundamentalists believed the Bible was literally true and without error
bull They rejected Darwinrsquos theory of evolution
bull Evolution ndash human beings had developed from lower forms of life over the course of millions of year
bull The creationists won the trial but because of the trial the Fundamentalists fell out of favor
Scopes was found guilty and fined $100
Scopes Monkey Trial
Prohibition18th Amendment Volstead Act
Gangsters
Al Capone
Prohibition
bull The 18th amendment ndash banned the production and sale of alcohol
bull The Volstead Act ndash enforcing Prohibition became the responsibility of the US Treasury Department
bull Granted federal and state governments the power to enforce Prohibition
PROHIBITION
18th Amendment in 1920
illegal to make sell or transport liquor
Prohibition lasted from 1920
to 1933 when it was repealed
by the 21st Amendment
bull PROHIBITION - on manuf and sale of alcohol
bull adopted in 1919 - 18th AMENDMENT
bull an outgrowth of the longtime temperance movement
bull in WWI temperance became a patriotic mvmt - drunkenness caused low productivity amp inefficiency and alcohol needed to treat the wounded
bull a difficult law to enforce organized crime speakeasies bootleggers were on the rise
bull Al Capone virtually controlled Chicago in this period -capitalism at its zenithhellip
bull Prohibition finally ended in 1933 w the 21st Amendment
bull forced organized crime to pursue other interestshellip
Prohibitionbull Speakeasies ndash secret bars where you could buy
alcohol
bull Crime was glamorized and became big business Some gangsters had enough money to corrupt local politicians (organized crime)
bull Al Capone ndash one of the most successful and violent gangsters of the time
bull Bonnie and Clyde Baby Faced Nelson John Dillinger all famous during this time period
bull The Twenty-first Amendment ended Prohibition
The Speakeasy
Al Capone
Bootlegged whiskey from Canada
ran a network of 10000 speakeasies
made $60 million in bootlegging
He killed off the competition (literally)
Rise of organized crime and the Mob
bullProhibition caused a RISE in crime and lawlessness not a decrease
bull21st Amendment repeals Prohibition
Why Prohibition Failed
1Unpopular
2Led to organized crime
3Death due to poor quality alcohol
4Under funded and hard to enforce
1500 agents were responsible for enforcing
Al Capone
THE TWENTIES WOMAN
After World War I Americans were looking for a little fun in the 1920s
Chicago
1926
Why were women able to become more independent after WWI
bull 1920s also brought about great changes for women
bull 1920 - 19th Amendment gave them the federal vote
bull after 1920 social circumstances changed too as more women worked outside the home
bull and more women went to college and clamoured to join the professions
bull women didnt want to sacrifice wartime gains -amounted to a social revolt
bull characterized by the FLAPPER new womanndash (bobbed hair short dresses
smoked in public)
19th Amendment (1920)
NEW ROLES FOR WOMEN
bull More women workingndash Usually single or widowed womenndash Many women entered the workplace as nurses
teachers librarians amp secretariesndash Income to spend
bull Technology made life easierndash Stoves refrigerators vacuum cleanershellip
bull Margaret Sangerndash Birth control movementndash Family size decreases
Traditional Role of Women
bull Flappers A young woman with short skirts and rouged cheeks who had her hair cropped close in a style known as a bob
bull Women gained the right to vote with passage of the nineteenth amendment
THE FLAPPER
A Flapper was a young woman who embraced the new fashions and urban attitudes
Wanted independence
Rebelled against traditional roles
The 20rsquos is The Jazz AgeThe Flappers
make up
cigarettes
short skirts
MusiciansLouis Armstrong
Duke Ellington
WritersF Scott Fitzgerald
Ernest Hemingway
Culture of the Roaring 20rsquosRadio
KDKA Pittsburgh
GE Westinghouseamp RCA
form NBC
Silent Movies
Charlie Chaplin
ldquoTalkiesrdquoThe Jazz SingerStarring Al Jolson
Mary PickfordldquoAmericarsquos Sweetheartrdquo
Cultural Innovations
bull Talking picture ndash The Jazz Singer ndash was produced and the golden age of Hollywood began
bull Mass media ndash radio movies newspapers and magazines aimed at a broad audience ndash did more than just entertain
bull They helped to broaden peoplersquos interests and fostered a sense of shared national experience
ENTERTAINMENT AND ARTS
First sound movies Jazz Singer (1927)
First animated with sound Steamboat Willie (1928)
By 1930 millions ofAmericans went to the movies each week
Walt Disneys animated Steamboat
Willie marked the debut of Mickey
Mouse It was a seven minute long
black and white cartoon
African American Culture
bull The Great Migration ndash hundreds of thousands of African Americans move from the rural South to industrial cities in the North
bull Harlem Renaissance ndash African Americans created an environment that stimulated artistic development racial pride and a sense of community
bull Langston Hughes (writer) Louis Armstrong (trumpet player) Duke Ellington (bandleader)
Harlem Renaissance
In the 1920s it was home to a literary and artistic revival known as the Harlem Renaissance
WHAT MADE THE HARLEM RENAISSANCE POSSIBLE
Between 1910 and 1920 the Great Migration saw hundreds of thousands of African Americans move north to big cities
Migration of the Negro by
Jacob Lawrence
Harlem Renaissancebull Writers
ndash Langston Hughes (Poet)ndash Zora Neale Hurston (Writer)
bull Famous Jazz Musiciansndash ldquoDukerdquo Ellington ndash Louis Armstrong ndash Bessie Smith
bull Cotton Club famous Jazz Club in Harlemndash Blacks usually denied admission
Black Nationalism
bull Pan-Africanism aimed to unite people of African descent worldwide
bull Marcus Garvey
Universal Negro Improvement Associationndash Aims African-American
economic independence amp a Black homeland in Africa
bull Marcus Garvey (Jamaican born immigrant) established the Universal Negro Improvement Association
bull believed in Black pride
bull advocated racial segregation bc of Black superiority
bull Garvey believed Blacks should return to Africa
bull he purchased a ship to start the Black Star line
bull attracted many investments govt charged him with wfraud
bull he was found guilty and eventually deported to Jamaica but his organization continued to exist
CelebritiesBabe Ruth ampTy Cobb
Jack Dempsey
Charles Lindbergh
The Spirit of St Louis
Notables
bull Charles Lindbergh ndash first to fly across the Atlantic
bull Babe Ruth ndash may be the best known baseball player
bull Henry Ford ndash the assembly line his most important invention also developed the Model T ford
bull Welfare capitalism ndash Companies allowed workers to buy stock participate in profit sharing and receive benefits such as medical care and pensions
Notables
bull Open shop ndash a workplace where employees were not required to join a union
bull In 1920 Westinghouse Company broadcast one of the first public broadcast in history
bull 1926 National Broadcasting Company (NBC) established a permanent network of stations to distribute daily programs
bull 1928 Columbia Broadcasting System (CBS) assembled a coast-to-coast network of stations
Slides
bull Some of the slides used came from a internet site Please be aware that I am using them for educational purposes and they may not be usable due to copyright laws
How did the radio impact America
800 stations by 1929 = 10 million families
The Radio
Mass Consumption and the Boom Economy
bull Improved technologyndash Home Appliances that make
life easierndash Radios
bull People bought lots of consumer goods
bull Installment buyingndash Buying on credit = taking it
home and paying for it later
Leisure Time
bull The growth of cities changed leisure patterns
bull The average workweek changed from seven days 70 hours to five days 45 hours
bull Salaries and wages also were on the rise
bull Movies radio and phonographs allowed people to escape their problems and brought about a similar culture
bull The radio and movies reached all parts of the world
ndashLowered cost by using mass productionndashassembly linendash 1 worker = one taskndashAll parts interchangeable ndashMore than one made at a timendashFaster = Cheaper
Henry Ford
ldquoAny customer can
have a car painted any
color that he wants so long
as it is blackrdquo
Wanted to build a car that his employees could afford
Model T $290 in 1920
1914 500000 car
1930 30 million cars
The Impact of the Automobile Industry
ProsperityThe 1920s was a period marked by
A return to isolationism
Less government intervention
music art literature sports flourish
New consumer goods
Prohibition- speakeasies bootleggers
Flappers
A change in American values and way of life
Higher wages amp more job opportunities
Early 20rsquos Return to Normalcy
bull Belief that America needed to return to a ldquonormal liferdquo after the war
bull Normalcy=Pre-Progressivism
bull Political Corruption
bull Anti-Immigration
bull Laissez-faire
bull Isolation
bull Fundamentalism (Religious)
Republican Powerbull President
Harding
bull Elected 1920
bull Legacy of Scandals
bull ldquoTeapot Domerdquo
bull Died in office
Political Corruption
bull President Hardingrsquos presidency is marked by scandal
bull Teapot Dome Scandal Government officials gave government land to oil company
bull Prohibition Smuggling alcohol and speakeasies appear and government officials are bribed and corrupted
bull The age of Al Capone ndash well known gangster
ldquoI have no trouble with my enemieshellipBut my damned friendshelliptheyrsquore the ones that keep me
walking the floor nightsrdquo
The Teapot Dome Scandal
Teapot Dome
bull Secret leasing of federal oil reserves by the secretary of the interior Albert Bacon Fall
bull Warren G Harding transferred supervision of the naval oil-reserve lands from the navy to the Department of the Interior in 1921
bull All secretly granted to Harry F Sinclair of the Mammoth Oil Company exclusive rights to the Teapot Dome (Wyoming) reserves (April 7 1922) He granted similar rights to Edward L Deheny of Pan American Petroleum Company for the Elk Hills and Buena Vista Hills reserves in California (1921ndash22)
Teapot Dome Continued
bull Shortly after the signing of the Teapot Dome lease Fall and members of his family had received from an unknown source more than $200000 in Liberty bonds under circumstances indicating that the bonds came from a company organized by Sinclair
bull Prior to the execution of the Pan American contracts and leases Doheny at Fallrsquos request sent $100000 in currency to Fall as a ldquoloanrdquo that had not been repaid
Political Change
bull The Teapot Dome Scandal bothered Harding so much that he ended up having a heart attack and dying
bull Calvin Coolidge succeeded Harding as President in 1923 and the US started to prosper under his leadership
President CoolidgeldquoThe business of America is businessrdquo
bull Fordney-McCumber Tariff
bull Smoot-Hawley Tariff
bull No help for farmers
bull Foreign Policy
The Red Scarebull Revolution in Russia brought the Communists to power
bull Many Americans frustrated by big business owners joined the Communist Party
bull Thousands of strikes in 1919 and 1920
bull Bombs were sent to government and business leaders
Anti-Immigration
bull Cause Red Scare ndash Belief of the early 20rsquos that Communists would try to take over the US
bull A Mitchell Palmer ndash leader of Red Scare
bull Open immigration Rise of new Ku Klux Klan
bull New Immigrants most affected by the Red Scare
bull Return of Nativism
bull KKK grows to over 5 million people
The Palmer Raids
bull A Mitchell Palmer Attorney General ordered raids to hunt down suspected Communists
bull Civil rights were ignored
bullAgents searched without a search warrant
bull People were arrested and held without trial
bull Immigrants were deported
bull at this time W Wilson was gravely ill following a stroke
bull his Attorney General A Mitchell Palmer wanted to take a shot at the presidency - he used fears of both immigrants and communism to his advantage
bull he had J Edgar Hoover round up suspected radicals many of which were deported (Palmer Raids)
The KKK Rises Again
Wantagh LI
Babylon LI Mineola LI Washington DC
bull The Ku Klux Klan rises to power again ndash believed in 100 Americanism
Targetedbull Blacksbull Immigrantsbull Jewsbull Roman Catholics
KKK in Washington 1925
The Ku Klux KlanGreat increase
In power
Anti-black
Anti-immigrant
Anti-womenrsquos suffrage
Anti-bootleggers
Anti-Semitic
Anti-Catholic
Effects of Anti-Immigration
bull Court Case Sacco amp Vanzetti ndash two radical Italian immigrants were arrested convicted and executed for murder
Sacco and Vanzetti (1927)
bullAnarchist Italian immigrants convicted of murderbull Not given fair trialbull Executed bullCleared of charges in 1977
A Society in Conflictbull Anti-immigrant
ndash National Origins Act
ndash Discrimination
Sacco-Vanzetti Trial
ndash Italian immigrants
ndash Unfair trial
bull for immigrants ndash the point of origin had shifted to S amp E Europe and new religions appeared Jewish Orthodox Catholic
bull N European immigrants of early 19c feared this shift and felt it would undermine Protestant values
bull this fear was known as NATIVISMbull many wanted Congress to restrict
immigration leading to a quota system that favoured n areas of Europe
bull fear of immigrants (from SE Europe) led to a sentiment known as the Red Scare (fear of comm post-Bolshevik Rev)
bull basic comm advocates a intl revolution by the proletariatworkers -fears that this ideology could find its way into the US
Effects of Anti-Immigration
bull Immigration controls
bull Emergency Quota act
(1921) amp National
Quota Act (1924)
bull Limit the number of
Immigrants from
ldquodangerousrdquo countries
Laissez-faire
bull Return the power
of big business
bull Government
crackdown on
labor unions
-labor unions seen
as communist
supporters
Global Policies
bull The United States hope to become isolationist again
Small Towns v Big Cities
bull 1920 Census
bull gt50 of all
Americans lived in Cities
bull Farmers less
Important
Fundamentalism
bull Religious movement
of the era that
hoped to restore the
morality of America
bull Supporters Rural areas
Scopes Monkey Trial
bull Evolution vs The Bible
bull Science City
bull Bible Rural
bull Evolution is Darwinrsquos Theory that man evolved over time from monkeys
bull The Bible teaches creationism ndash God created man and all the world
Scopes ldquoMonkeyrdquo TrialEvolution vs Creationism
Dayton TennesseeFamous Lawyers
Science vs Religion
John Scopes
High School Biology teacher
SCOPES TRIAL
In March 1925 Tennessee passed the nationrsquos first law that made it a crime to teach evolution
John Scopes arrested
Scopes was a biology teacher who
dared to teach his students that man
derived from lower species
Fundamentalism
bull Scopes Monkey Trial ndash a science teacher from Tennessee wanted to teach evolution but the school would not allow it and he sued
bull ACLU ndash American Civil Liberties Union backed the teacher
bull William Jennings Bryan represented the creationist
bull Clarence Darrow represented the evolutionist
Scopes Trial
bull Fundamentalists believed the Bible was literally true and without error
bull They rejected Darwinrsquos theory of evolution
bull Evolution ndash human beings had developed from lower forms of life over the course of millions of year
bull The creationists won the trial but because of the trial the Fundamentalists fell out of favor
Scopes was found guilty and fined $100
Scopes Monkey Trial
Prohibition18th Amendment Volstead Act
Gangsters
Al Capone
Prohibition
bull The 18th amendment ndash banned the production and sale of alcohol
bull The Volstead Act ndash enforcing Prohibition became the responsibility of the US Treasury Department
bull Granted federal and state governments the power to enforce Prohibition
PROHIBITION
18th Amendment in 1920
illegal to make sell or transport liquor
Prohibition lasted from 1920
to 1933 when it was repealed
by the 21st Amendment
bull PROHIBITION - on manuf and sale of alcohol
bull adopted in 1919 - 18th AMENDMENT
bull an outgrowth of the longtime temperance movement
bull in WWI temperance became a patriotic mvmt - drunkenness caused low productivity amp inefficiency and alcohol needed to treat the wounded
bull a difficult law to enforce organized crime speakeasies bootleggers were on the rise
bull Al Capone virtually controlled Chicago in this period -capitalism at its zenithhellip
bull Prohibition finally ended in 1933 w the 21st Amendment
bull forced organized crime to pursue other interestshellip
Prohibitionbull Speakeasies ndash secret bars where you could buy
alcohol
bull Crime was glamorized and became big business Some gangsters had enough money to corrupt local politicians (organized crime)
bull Al Capone ndash one of the most successful and violent gangsters of the time
bull Bonnie and Clyde Baby Faced Nelson John Dillinger all famous during this time period
bull The Twenty-first Amendment ended Prohibition
The Speakeasy
Al Capone
Bootlegged whiskey from Canada
ran a network of 10000 speakeasies
made $60 million in bootlegging
He killed off the competition (literally)
Rise of organized crime and the Mob
bullProhibition caused a RISE in crime and lawlessness not a decrease
bull21st Amendment repeals Prohibition
Why Prohibition Failed
1Unpopular
2Led to organized crime
3Death due to poor quality alcohol
4Under funded and hard to enforce
1500 agents were responsible for enforcing
Al Capone
THE TWENTIES WOMAN
After World War I Americans were looking for a little fun in the 1920s
Chicago
1926
Why were women able to become more independent after WWI
bull 1920s also brought about great changes for women
bull 1920 - 19th Amendment gave them the federal vote
bull after 1920 social circumstances changed too as more women worked outside the home
bull and more women went to college and clamoured to join the professions
bull women didnt want to sacrifice wartime gains -amounted to a social revolt
bull characterized by the FLAPPER new womanndash (bobbed hair short dresses
smoked in public)
19th Amendment (1920)
NEW ROLES FOR WOMEN
bull More women workingndash Usually single or widowed womenndash Many women entered the workplace as nurses
teachers librarians amp secretariesndash Income to spend
bull Technology made life easierndash Stoves refrigerators vacuum cleanershellip
bull Margaret Sangerndash Birth control movementndash Family size decreases
Traditional Role of Women
bull Flappers A young woman with short skirts and rouged cheeks who had her hair cropped close in a style known as a bob
bull Women gained the right to vote with passage of the nineteenth amendment
THE FLAPPER
A Flapper was a young woman who embraced the new fashions and urban attitudes
Wanted independence
Rebelled against traditional roles
The 20rsquos is The Jazz AgeThe Flappers
make up
cigarettes
short skirts
MusiciansLouis Armstrong
Duke Ellington
WritersF Scott Fitzgerald
Ernest Hemingway
Culture of the Roaring 20rsquosRadio
KDKA Pittsburgh
GE Westinghouseamp RCA
form NBC
Silent Movies
Charlie Chaplin
ldquoTalkiesrdquoThe Jazz SingerStarring Al Jolson
Mary PickfordldquoAmericarsquos Sweetheartrdquo
Cultural Innovations
bull Talking picture ndash The Jazz Singer ndash was produced and the golden age of Hollywood began
bull Mass media ndash radio movies newspapers and magazines aimed at a broad audience ndash did more than just entertain
bull They helped to broaden peoplersquos interests and fostered a sense of shared national experience
ENTERTAINMENT AND ARTS
First sound movies Jazz Singer (1927)
First animated with sound Steamboat Willie (1928)
By 1930 millions ofAmericans went to the movies each week
Walt Disneys animated Steamboat
Willie marked the debut of Mickey
Mouse It was a seven minute long
black and white cartoon
African American Culture
bull The Great Migration ndash hundreds of thousands of African Americans move from the rural South to industrial cities in the North
bull Harlem Renaissance ndash African Americans created an environment that stimulated artistic development racial pride and a sense of community
bull Langston Hughes (writer) Louis Armstrong (trumpet player) Duke Ellington (bandleader)
Harlem Renaissance
In the 1920s it was home to a literary and artistic revival known as the Harlem Renaissance
WHAT MADE THE HARLEM RENAISSANCE POSSIBLE
Between 1910 and 1920 the Great Migration saw hundreds of thousands of African Americans move north to big cities
Migration of the Negro by
Jacob Lawrence
Harlem Renaissancebull Writers
ndash Langston Hughes (Poet)ndash Zora Neale Hurston (Writer)
bull Famous Jazz Musiciansndash ldquoDukerdquo Ellington ndash Louis Armstrong ndash Bessie Smith
bull Cotton Club famous Jazz Club in Harlemndash Blacks usually denied admission
Black Nationalism
bull Pan-Africanism aimed to unite people of African descent worldwide
bull Marcus Garvey
Universal Negro Improvement Associationndash Aims African-American
economic independence amp a Black homeland in Africa
bull Marcus Garvey (Jamaican born immigrant) established the Universal Negro Improvement Association
bull believed in Black pride
bull advocated racial segregation bc of Black superiority
bull Garvey believed Blacks should return to Africa
bull he purchased a ship to start the Black Star line
bull attracted many investments govt charged him with wfraud
bull he was found guilty and eventually deported to Jamaica but his organization continued to exist
CelebritiesBabe Ruth ampTy Cobb
Jack Dempsey
Charles Lindbergh
The Spirit of St Louis
Notables
bull Charles Lindbergh ndash first to fly across the Atlantic
bull Babe Ruth ndash may be the best known baseball player
bull Henry Ford ndash the assembly line his most important invention also developed the Model T ford
bull Welfare capitalism ndash Companies allowed workers to buy stock participate in profit sharing and receive benefits such as medical care and pensions
Notables
bull Open shop ndash a workplace where employees were not required to join a union
bull In 1920 Westinghouse Company broadcast one of the first public broadcast in history
bull 1926 National Broadcasting Company (NBC) established a permanent network of stations to distribute daily programs
bull 1928 Columbia Broadcasting System (CBS) assembled a coast-to-coast network of stations
Slides
bull Some of the slides used came from a internet site Please be aware that I am using them for educational purposes and they may not be usable due to copyright laws
Mass Consumption and the Boom Economy
bull Improved technologyndash Home Appliances that make
life easierndash Radios
bull People bought lots of consumer goods
bull Installment buyingndash Buying on credit = taking it
home and paying for it later
Leisure Time
bull The growth of cities changed leisure patterns
bull The average workweek changed from seven days 70 hours to five days 45 hours
bull Salaries and wages also were on the rise
bull Movies radio and phonographs allowed people to escape their problems and brought about a similar culture
bull The radio and movies reached all parts of the world
ndashLowered cost by using mass productionndashassembly linendash 1 worker = one taskndashAll parts interchangeable ndashMore than one made at a timendashFaster = Cheaper
Henry Ford
ldquoAny customer can
have a car painted any
color that he wants so long
as it is blackrdquo
Wanted to build a car that his employees could afford
Model T $290 in 1920
1914 500000 car
1930 30 million cars
The Impact of the Automobile Industry
ProsperityThe 1920s was a period marked by
A return to isolationism
Less government intervention
music art literature sports flourish
New consumer goods
Prohibition- speakeasies bootleggers
Flappers
A change in American values and way of life
Higher wages amp more job opportunities
Early 20rsquos Return to Normalcy
bull Belief that America needed to return to a ldquonormal liferdquo after the war
bull Normalcy=Pre-Progressivism
bull Political Corruption
bull Anti-Immigration
bull Laissez-faire
bull Isolation
bull Fundamentalism (Religious)
Republican Powerbull President
Harding
bull Elected 1920
bull Legacy of Scandals
bull ldquoTeapot Domerdquo
bull Died in office
Political Corruption
bull President Hardingrsquos presidency is marked by scandal
bull Teapot Dome Scandal Government officials gave government land to oil company
bull Prohibition Smuggling alcohol and speakeasies appear and government officials are bribed and corrupted
bull The age of Al Capone ndash well known gangster
ldquoI have no trouble with my enemieshellipBut my damned friendshelliptheyrsquore the ones that keep me
walking the floor nightsrdquo
The Teapot Dome Scandal
Teapot Dome
bull Secret leasing of federal oil reserves by the secretary of the interior Albert Bacon Fall
bull Warren G Harding transferred supervision of the naval oil-reserve lands from the navy to the Department of the Interior in 1921
bull All secretly granted to Harry F Sinclair of the Mammoth Oil Company exclusive rights to the Teapot Dome (Wyoming) reserves (April 7 1922) He granted similar rights to Edward L Deheny of Pan American Petroleum Company for the Elk Hills and Buena Vista Hills reserves in California (1921ndash22)
Teapot Dome Continued
bull Shortly after the signing of the Teapot Dome lease Fall and members of his family had received from an unknown source more than $200000 in Liberty bonds under circumstances indicating that the bonds came from a company organized by Sinclair
bull Prior to the execution of the Pan American contracts and leases Doheny at Fallrsquos request sent $100000 in currency to Fall as a ldquoloanrdquo that had not been repaid
Political Change
bull The Teapot Dome Scandal bothered Harding so much that he ended up having a heart attack and dying
bull Calvin Coolidge succeeded Harding as President in 1923 and the US started to prosper under his leadership
President CoolidgeldquoThe business of America is businessrdquo
bull Fordney-McCumber Tariff
bull Smoot-Hawley Tariff
bull No help for farmers
bull Foreign Policy
The Red Scarebull Revolution in Russia brought the Communists to power
bull Many Americans frustrated by big business owners joined the Communist Party
bull Thousands of strikes in 1919 and 1920
bull Bombs were sent to government and business leaders
Anti-Immigration
bull Cause Red Scare ndash Belief of the early 20rsquos that Communists would try to take over the US
bull A Mitchell Palmer ndash leader of Red Scare
bull Open immigration Rise of new Ku Klux Klan
bull New Immigrants most affected by the Red Scare
bull Return of Nativism
bull KKK grows to over 5 million people
The Palmer Raids
bull A Mitchell Palmer Attorney General ordered raids to hunt down suspected Communists
bull Civil rights were ignored
bullAgents searched without a search warrant
bull People were arrested and held without trial
bull Immigrants were deported
bull at this time W Wilson was gravely ill following a stroke
bull his Attorney General A Mitchell Palmer wanted to take a shot at the presidency - he used fears of both immigrants and communism to his advantage
bull he had J Edgar Hoover round up suspected radicals many of which were deported (Palmer Raids)
The KKK Rises Again
Wantagh LI
Babylon LI Mineola LI Washington DC
bull The Ku Klux Klan rises to power again ndash believed in 100 Americanism
Targetedbull Blacksbull Immigrantsbull Jewsbull Roman Catholics
KKK in Washington 1925
The Ku Klux KlanGreat increase
In power
Anti-black
Anti-immigrant
Anti-womenrsquos suffrage
Anti-bootleggers
Anti-Semitic
Anti-Catholic
Effects of Anti-Immigration
bull Court Case Sacco amp Vanzetti ndash two radical Italian immigrants were arrested convicted and executed for murder
Sacco and Vanzetti (1927)
bullAnarchist Italian immigrants convicted of murderbull Not given fair trialbull Executed bullCleared of charges in 1977
A Society in Conflictbull Anti-immigrant
ndash National Origins Act
ndash Discrimination
Sacco-Vanzetti Trial
ndash Italian immigrants
ndash Unfair trial
bull for immigrants ndash the point of origin had shifted to S amp E Europe and new religions appeared Jewish Orthodox Catholic
bull N European immigrants of early 19c feared this shift and felt it would undermine Protestant values
bull this fear was known as NATIVISMbull many wanted Congress to restrict
immigration leading to a quota system that favoured n areas of Europe
bull fear of immigrants (from SE Europe) led to a sentiment known as the Red Scare (fear of comm post-Bolshevik Rev)
bull basic comm advocates a intl revolution by the proletariatworkers -fears that this ideology could find its way into the US
Effects of Anti-Immigration
bull Immigration controls
bull Emergency Quota act
(1921) amp National
Quota Act (1924)
bull Limit the number of
Immigrants from
ldquodangerousrdquo countries
Laissez-faire
bull Return the power
of big business
bull Government
crackdown on
labor unions
-labor unions seen
as communist
supporters
Global Policies
bull The United States hope to become isolationist again
Small Towns v Big Cities
bull 1920 Census
bull gt50 of all
Americans lived in Cities
bull Farmers less
Important
Fundamentalism
bull Religious movement
of the era that
hoped to restore the
morality of America
bull Supporters Rural areas
Scopes Monkey Trial
bull Evolution vs The Bible
bull Science City
bull Bible Rural
bull Evolution is Darwinrsquos Theory that man evolved over time from monkeys
bull The Bible teaches creationism ndash God created man and all the world
Scopes ldquoMonkeyrdquo TrialEvolution vs Creationism
Dayton TennesseeFamous Lawyers
Science vs Religion
John Scopes
High School Biology teacher
SCOPES TRIAL
In March 1925 Tennessee passed the nationrsquos first law that made it a crime to teach evolution
John Scopes arrested
Scopes was a biology teacher who
dared to teach his students that man
derived from lower species
Fundamentalism
bull Scopes Monkey Trial ndash a science teacher from Tennessee wanted to teach evolution but the school would not allow it and he sued
bull ACLU ndash American Civil Liberties Union backed the teacher
bull William Jennings Bryan represented the creationist
bull Clarence Darrow represented the evolutionist
Scopes Trial
bull Fundamentalists believed the Bible was literally true and without error
bull They rejected Darwinrsquos theory of evolution
bull Evolution ndash human beings had developed from lower forms of life over the course of millions of year
bull The creationists won the trial but because of the trial the Fundamentalists fell out of favor
Scopes was found guilty and fined $100
Scopes Monkey Trial
Prohibition18th Amendment Volstead Act
Gangsters
Al Capone
Prohibition
bull The 18th amendment ndash banned the production and sale of alcohol
bull The Volstead Act ndash enforcing Prohibition became the responsibility of the US Treasury Department
bull Granted federal and state governments the power to enforce Prohibition
PROHIBITION
18th Amendment in 1920
illegal to make sell or transport liquor
Prohibition lasted from 1920
to 1933 when it was repealed
by the 21st Amendment
bull PROHIBITION - on manuf and sale of alcohol
bull adopted in 1919 - 18th AMENDMENT
bull an outgrowth of the longtime temperance movement
bull in WWI temperance became a patriotic mvmt - drunkenness caused low productivity amp inefficiency and alcohol needed to treat the wounded
bull a difficult law to enforce organized crime speakeasies bootleggers were on the rise
bull Al Capone virtually controlled Chicago in this period -capitalism at its zenithhellip
bull Prohibition finally ended in 1933 w the 21st Amendment
bull forced organized crime to pursue other interestshellip
Prohibitionbull Speakeasies ndash secret bars where you could buy
alcohol
bull Crime was glamorized and became big business Some gangsters had enough money to corrupt local politicians (organized crime)
bull Al Capone ndash one of the most successful and violent gangsters of the time
bull Bonnie and Clyde Baby Faced Nelson John Dillinger all famous during this time period
bull The Twenty-first Amendment ended Prohibition
The Speakeasy
Al Capone
Bootlegged whiskey from Canada
ran a network of 10000 speakeasies
made $60 million in bootlegging
He killed off the competition (literally)
Rise of organized crime and the Mob
bullProhibition caused a RISE in crime and lawlessness not a decrease
bull21st Amendment repeals Prohibition
Why Prohibition Failed
1Unpopular
2Led to organized crime
3Death due to poor quality alcohol
4Under funded and hard to enforce
1500 agents were responsible for enforcing
Al Capone
THE TWENTIES WOMAN
After World War I Americans were looking for a little fun in the 1920s
Chicago
1926
Why were women able to become more independent after WWI
bull 1920s also brought about great changes for women
bull 1920 - 19th Amendment gave them the federal vote
bull after 1920 social circumstances changed too as more women worked outside the home
bull and more women went to college and clamoured to join the professions
bull women didnt want to sacrifice wartime gains -amounted to a social revolt
bull characterized by the FLAPPER new womanndash (bobbed hair short dresses
smoked in public)
19th Amendment (1920)
NEW ROLES FOR WOMEN
bull More women workingndash Usually single or widowed womenndash Many women entered the workplace as nurses
teachers librarians amp secretariesndash Income to spend
bull Technology made life easierndash Stoves refrigerators vacuum cleanershellip
bull Margaret Sangerndash Birth control movementndash Family size decreases
Traditional Role of Women
bull Flappers A young woman with short skirts and rouged cheeks who had her hair cropped close in a style known as a bob
bull Women gained the right to vote with passage of the nineteenth amendment
THE FLAPPER
A Flapper was a young woman who embraced the new fashions and urban attitudes
Wanted independence
Rebelled against traditional roles
The 20rsquos is The Jazz AgeThe Flappers
make up
cigarettes
short skirts
MusiciansLouis Armstrong
Duke Ellington
WritersF Scott Fitzgerald
Ernest Hemingway
Culture of the Roaring 20rsquosRadio
KDKA Pittsburgh
GE Westinghouseamp RCA
form NBC
Silent Movies
Charlie Chaplin
ldquoTalkiesrdquoThe Jazz SingerStarring Al Jolson
Mary PickfordldquoAmericarsquos Sweetheartrdquo
Cultural Innovations
bull Talking picture ndash The Jazz Singer ndash was produced and the golden age of Hollywood began
bull Mass media ndash radio movies newspapers and magazines aimed at a broad audience ndash did more than just entertain
bull They helped to broaden peoplersquos interests and fostered a sense of shared national experience
ENTERTAINMENT AND ARTS
First sound movies Jazz Singer (1927)
First animated with sound Steamboat Willie (1928)
By 1930 millions ofAmericans went to the movies each week
Walt Disneys animated Steamboat
Willie marked the debut of Mickey
Mouse It was a seven minute long
black and white cartoon
African American Culture
bull The Great Migration ndash hundreds of thousands of African Americans move from the rural South to industrial cities in the North
bull Harlem Renaissance ndash African Americans created an environment that stimulated artistic development racial pride and a sense of community
bull Langston Hughes (writer) Louis Armstrong (trumpet player) Duke Ellington (bandleader)
Harlem Renaissance
In the 1920s it was home to a literary and artistic revival known as the Harlem Renaissance
WHAT MADE THE HARLEM RENAISSANCE POSSIBLE
Between 1910 and 1920 the Great Migration saw hundreds of thousands of African Americans move north to big cities
Migration of the Negro by
Jacob Lawrence
Harlem Renaissancebull Writers
ndash Langston Hughes (Poet)ndash Zora Neale Hurston (Writer)
bull Famous Jazz Musiciansndash ldquoDukerdquo Ellington ndash Louis Armstrong ndash Bessie Smith
bull Cotton Club famous Jazz Club in Harlemndash Blacks usually denied admission
Black Nationalism
bull Pan-Africanism aimed to unite people of African descent worldwide
bull Marcus Garvey
Universal Negro Improvement Associationndash Aims African-American
economic independence amp a Black homeland in Africa
bull Marcus Garvey (Jamaican born immigrant) established the Universal Negro Improvement Association
bull believed in Black pride
bull advocated racial segregation bc of Black superiority
bull Garvey believed Blacks should return to Africa
bull he purchased a ship to start the Black Star line
bull attracted many investments govt charged him with wfraud
bull he was found guilty and eventually deported to Jamaica but his organization continued to exist
CelebritiesBabe Ruth ampTy Cobb
Jack Dempsey
Charles Lindbergh
The Spirit of St Louis
Notables
bull Charles Lindbergh ndash first to fly across the Atlantic
bull Babe Ruth ndash may be the best known baseball player
bull Henry Ford ndash the assembly line his most important invention also developed the Model T ford
bull Welfare capitalism ndash Companies allowed workers to buy stock participate in profit sharing and receive benefits such as medical care and pensions
Notables
bull Open shop ndash a workplace where employees were not required to join a union
bull In 1920 Westinghouse Company broadcast one of the first public broadcast in history
bull 1926 National Broadcasting Company (NBC) established a permanent network of stations to distribute daily programs
bull 1928 Columbia Broadcasting System (CBS) assembled a coast-to-coast network of stations
Slides
bull Some of the slides used came from a internet site Please be aware that I am using them for educational purposes and they may not be usable due to copyright laws
Leisure Time
bull The growth of cities changed leisure patterns
bull The average workweek changed from seven days 70 hours to five days 45 hours
bull Salaries and wages also were on the rise
bull Movies radio and phonographs allowed people to escape their problems and brought about a similar culture
bull The radio and movies reached all parts of the world
ndashLowered cost by using mass productionndashassembly linendash 1 worker = one taskndashAll parts interchangeable ndashMore than one made at a timendashFaster = Cheaper
Henry Ford
ldquoAny customer can
have a car painted any
color that he wants so long
as it is blackrdquo
Wanted to build a car that his employees could afford
Model T $290 in 1920
1914 500000 car
1930 30 million cars
The Impact of the Automobile Industry
ProsperityThe 1920s was a period marked by
A return to isolationism
Less government intervention
music art literature sports flourish
New consumer goods
Prohibition- speakeasies bootleggers
Flappers
A change in American values and way of life
Higher wages amp more job opportunities
Early 20rsquos Return to Normalcy
bull Belief that America needed to return to a ldquonormal liferdquo after the war
bull Normalcy=Pre-Progressivism
bull Political Corruption
bull Anti-Immigration
bull Laissez-faire
bull Isolation
bull Fundamentalism (Religious)
Republican Powerbull President
Harding
bull Elected 1920
bull Legacy of Scandals
bull ldquoTeapot Domerdquo
bull Died in office
Political Corruption
bull President Hardingrsquos presidency is marked by scandal
bull Teapot Dome Scandal Government officials gave government land to oil company
bull Prohibition Smuggling alcohol and speakeasies appear and government officials are bribed and corrupted
bull The age of Al Capone ndash well known gangster
ldquoI have no trouble with my enemieshellipBut my damned friendshelliptheyrsquore the ones that keep me
walking the floor nightsrdquo
The Teapot Dome Scandal
Teapot Dome
bull Secret leasing of federal oil reserves by the secretary of the interior Albert Bacon Fall
bull Warren G Harding transferred supervision of the naval oil-reserve lands from the navy to the Department of the Interior in 1921
bull All secretly granted to Harry F Sinclair of the Mammoth Oil Company exclusive rights to the Teapot Dome (Wyoming) reserves (April 7 1922) He granted similar rights to Edward L Deheny of Pan American Petroleum Company for the Elk Hills and Buena Vista Hills reserves in California (1921ndash22)
Teapot Dome Continued
bull Shortly after the signing of the Teapot Dome lease Fall and members of his family had received from an unknown source more than $200000 in Liberty bonds under circumstances indicating that the bonds came from a company organized by Sinclair
bull Prior to the execution of the Pan American contracts and leases Doheny at Fallrsquos request sent $100000 in currency to Fall as a ldquoloanrdquo that had not been repaid
Political Change
bull The Teapot Dome Scandal bothered Harding so much that he ended up having a heart attack and dying
bull Calvin Coolidge succeeded Harding as President in 1923 and the US started to prosper under his leadership
President CoolidgeldquoThe business of America is businessrdquo
bull Fordney-McCumber Tariff
bull Smoot-Hawley Tariff
bull No help for farmers
bull Foreign Policy
The Red Scarebull Revolution in Russia brought the Communists to power
bull Many Americans frustrated by big business owners joined the Communist Party
bull Thousands of strikes in 1919 and 1920
bull Bombs were sent to government and business leaders
Anti-Immigration
bull Cause Red Scare ndash Belief of the early 20rsquos that Communists would try to take over the US
bull A Mitchell Palmer ndash leader of Red Scare
bull Open immigration Rise of new Ku Klux Klan
bull New Immigrants most affected by the Red Scare
bull Return of Nativism
bull KKK grows to over 5 million people
The Palmer Raids
bull A Mitchell Palmer Attorney General ordered raids to hunt down suspected Communists
bull Civil rights were ignored
bullAgents searched without a search warrant
bull People were arrested and held without trial
bull Immigrants were deported
bull at this time W Wilson was gravely ill following a stroke
bull his Attorney General A Mitchell Palmer wanted to take a shot at the presidency - he used fears of both immigrants and communism to his advantage
bull he had J Edgar Hoover round up suspected radicals many of which were deported (Palmer Raids)
The KKK Rises Again
Wantagh LI
Babylon LI Mineola LI Washington DC
bull The Ku Klux Klan rises to power again ndash believed in 100 Americanism
Targetedbull Blacksbull Immigrantsbull Jewsbull Roman Catholics
KKK in Washington 1925
The Ku Klux KlanGreat increase
In power
Anti-black
Anti-immigrant
Anti-womenrsquos suffrage
Anti-bootleggers
Anti-Semitic
Anti-Catholic
Effects of Anti-Immigration
bull Court Case Sacco amp Vanzetti ndash two radical Italian immigrants were arrested convicted and executed for murder
Sacco and Vanzetti (1927)
bullAnarchist Italian immigrants convicted of murderbull Not given fair trialbull Executed bullCleared of charges in 1977
A Society in Conflictbull Anti-immigrant
ndash National Origins Act
ndash Discrimination
Sacco-Vanzetti Trial
ndash Italian immigrants
ndash Unfair trial
bull for immigrants ndash the point of origin had shifted to S amp E Europe and new religions appeared Jewish Orthodox Catholic
bull N European immigrants of early 19c feared this shift and felt it would undermine Protestant values
bull this fear was known as NATIVISMbull many wanted Congress to restrict
immigration leading to a quota system that favoured n areas of Europe
bull fear of immigrants (from SE Europe) led to a sentiment known as the Red Scare (fear of comm post-Bolshevik Rev)
bull basic comm advocates a intl revolution by the proletariatworkers -fears that this ideology could find its way into the US
Effects of Anti-Immigration
bull Immigration controls
bull Emergency Quota act
(1921) amp National
Quota Act (1924)
bull Limit the number of
Immigrants from
ldquodangerousrdquo countries
Laissez-faire
bull Return the power
of big business
bull Government
crackdown on
labor unions
-labor unions seen
as communist
supporters
Global Policies
bull The United States hope to become isolationist again
Small Towns v Big Cities
bull 1920 Census
bull gt50 of all
Americans lived in Cities
bull Farmers less
Important
Fundamentalism
bull Religious movement
of the era that
hoped to restore the
morality of America
bull Supporters Rural areas
Scopes Monkey Trial
bull Evolution vs The Bible
bull Science City
bull Bible Rural
bull Evolution is Darwinrsquos Theory that man evolved over time from monkeys
bull The Bible teaches creationism ndash God created man and all the world
Scopes ldquoMonkeyrdquo TrialEvolution vs Creationism
Dayton TennesseeFamous Lawyers
Science vs Religion
John Scopes
High School Biology teacher
SCOPES TRIAL
In March 1925 Tennessee passed the nationrsquos first law that made it a crime to teach evolution
John Scopes arrested
Scopes was a biology teacher who
dared to teach his students that man
derived from lower species
Fundamentalism
bull Scopes Monkey Trial ndash a science teacher from Tennessee wanted to teach evolution but the school would not allow it and he sued
bull ACLU ndash American Civil Liberties Union backed the teacher
bull William Jennings Bryan represented the creationist
bull Clarence Darrow represented the evolutionist
Scopes Trial
bull Fundamentalists believed the Bible was literally true and without error
bull They rejected Darwinrsquos theory of evolution
bull Evolution ndash human beings had developed from lower forms of life over the course of millions of year
bull The creationists won the trial but because of the trial the Fundamentalists fell out of favor
Scopes was found guilty and fined $100
Scopes Monkey Trial
Prohibition18th Amendment Volstead Act
Gangsters
Al Capone
Prohibition
bull The 18th amendment ndash banned the production and sale of alcohol
bull The Volstead Act ndash enforcing Prohibition became the responsibility of the US Treasury Department
bull Granted federal and state governments the power to enforce Prohibition
PROHIBITION
18th Amendment in 1920
illegal to make sell or transport liquor
Prohibition lasted from 1920
to 1933 when it was repealed
by the 21st Amendment
bull PROHIBITION - on manuf and sale of alcohol
bull adopted in 1919 - 18th AMENDMENT
bull an outgrowth of the longtime temperance movement
bull in WWI temperance became a patriotic mvmt - drunkenness caused low productivity amp inefficiency and alcohol needed to treat the wounded
bull a difficult law to enforce organized crime speakeasies bootleggers were on the rise
bull Al Capone virtually controlled Chicago in this period -capitalism at its zenithhellip
bull Prohibition finally ended in 1933 w the 21st Amendment
bull forced organized crime to pursue other interestshellip
Prohibitionbull Speakeasies ndash secret bars where you could buy
alcohol
bull Crime was glamorized and became big business Some gangsters had enough money to corrupt local politicians (organized crime)
bull Al Capone ndash one of the most successful and violent gangsters of the time
bull Bonnie and Clyde Baby Faced Nelson John Dillinger all famous during this time period
bull The Twenty-first Amendment ended Prohibition
The Speakeasy
Al Capone
Bootlegged whiskey from Canada
ran a network of 10000 speakeasies
made $60 million in bootlegging
He killed off the competition (literally)
Rise of organized crime and the Mob
bullProhibition caused a RISE in crime and lawlessness not a decrease
bull21st Amendment repeals Prohibition
Why Prohibition Failed
1Unpopular
2Led to organized crime
3Death due to poor quality alcohol
4Under funded and hard to enforce
1500 agents were responsible for enforcing
Al Capone
THE TWENTIES WOMAN
After World War I Americans were looking for a little fun in the 1920s
Chicago
1926
Why were women able to become more independent after WWI
bull 1920s also brought about great changes for women
bull 1920 - 19th Amendment gave them the federal vote
bull after 1920 social circumstances changed too as more women worked outside the home
bull and more women went to college and clamoured to join the professions
bull women didnt want to sacrifice wartime gains -amounted to a social revolt
bull characterized by the FLAPPER new womanndash (bobbed hair short dresses
smoked in public)
19th Amendment (1920)
NEW ROLES FOR WOMEN
bull More women workingndash Usually single or widowed womenndash Many women entered the workplace as nurses
teachers librarians amp secretariesndash Income to spend
bull Technology made life easierndash Stoves refrigerators vacuum cleanershellip
bull Margaret Sangerndash Birth control movementndash Family size decreases
Traditional Role of Women
bull Flappers A young woman with short skirts and rouged cheeks who had her hair cropped close in a style known as a bob
bull Women gained the right to vote with passage of the nineteenth amendment
THE FLAPPER
A Flapper was a young woman who embraced the new fashions and urban attitudes
Wanted independence
Rebelled against traditional roles
The 20rsquos is The Jazz AgeThe Flappers
make up
cigarettes
short skirts
MusiciansLouis Armstrong
Duke Ellington
WritersF Scott Fitzgerald
Ernest Hemingway
Culture of the Roaring 20rsquosRadio
KDKA Pittsburgh
GE Westinghouseamp RCA
form NBC
Silent Movies
Charlie Chaplin
ldquoTalkiesrdquoThe Jazz SingerStarring Al Jolson
Mary PickfordldquoAmericarsquos Sweetheartrdquo
Cultural Innovations
bull Talking picture ndash The Jazz Singer ndash was produced and the golden age of Hollywood began
bull Mass media ndash radio movies newspapers and magazines aimed at a broad audience ndash did more than just entertain
bull They helped to broaden peoplersquos interests and fostered a sense of shared national experience
ENTERTAINMENT AND ARTS
First sound movies Jazz Singer (1927)
First animated with sound Steamboat Willie (1928)
By 1930 millions ofAmericans went to the movies each week
Walt Disneys animated Steamboat
Willie marked the debut of Mickey
Mouse It was a seven minute long
black and white cartoon
African American Culture
bull The Great Migration ndash hundreds of thousands of African Americans move from the rural South to industrial cities in the North
bull Harlem Renaissance ndash African Americans created an environment that stimulated artistic development racial pride and a sense of community
bull Langston Hughes (writer) Louis Armstrong (trumpet player) Duke Ellington (bandleader)
Harlem Renaissance
In the 1920s it was home to a literary and artistic revival known as the Harlem Renaissance
WHAT MADE THE HARLEM RENAISSANCE POSSIBLE
Between 1910 and 1920 the Great Migration saw hundreds of thousands of African Americans move north to big cities
Migration of the Negro by
Jacob Lawrence
Harlem Renaissancebull Writers
ndash Langston Hughes (Poet)ndash Zora Neale Hurston (Writer)
bull Famous Jazz Musiciansndash ldquoDukerdquo Ellington ndash Louis Armstrong ndash Bessie Smith
bull Cotton Club famous Jazz Club in Harlemndash Blacks usually denied admission
Black Nationalism
bull Pan-Africanism aimed to unite people of African descent worldwide
bull Marcus Garvey
Universal Negro Improvement Associationndash Aims African-American
economic independence amp a Black homeland in Africa
bull Marcus Garvey (Jamaican born immigrant) established the Universal Negro Improvement Association
bull believed in Black pride
bull advocated racial segregation bc of Black superiority
bull Garvey believed Blacks should return to Africa
bull he purchased a ship to start the Black Star line
bull attracted many investments govt charged him with wfraud
bull he was found guilty and eventually deported to Jamaica but his organization continued to exist
CelebritiesBabe Ruth ampTy Cobb
Jack Dempsey
Charles Lindbergh
The Spirit of St Louis
Notables
bull Charles Lindbergh ndash first to fly across the Atlantic
bull Babe Ruth ndash may be the best known baseball player
bull Henry Ford ndash the assembly line his most important invention also developed the Model T ford
bull Welfare capitalism ndash Companies allowed workers to buy stock participate in profit sharing and receive benefits such as medical care and pensions
Notables
bull Open shop ndash a workplace where employees were not required to join a union
bull In 1920 Westinghouse Company broadcast one of the first public broadcast in history
bull 1926 National Broadcasting Company (NBC) established a permanent network of stations to distribute daily programs
bull 1928 Columbia Broadcasting System (CBS) assembled a coast-to-coast network of stations
Slides
bull Some of the slides used came from a internet site Please be aware that I am using them for educational purposes and they may not be usable due to copyright laws
ndashLowered cost by using mass productionndashassembly linendash 1 worker = one taskndashAll parts interchangeable ndashMore than one made at a timendashFaster = Cheaper
Henry Ford
ldquoAny customer can
have a car painted any
color that he wants so long
as it is blackrdquo
Wanted to build a car that his employees could afford
Model T $290 in 1920
1914 500000 car
1930 30 million cars
The Impact of the Automobile Industry
ProsperityThe 1920s was a period marked by
A return to isolationism
Less government intervention
music art literature sports flourish
New consumer goods
Prohibition- speakeasies bootleggers
Flappers
A change in American values and way of life
Higher wages amp more job opportunities
Early 20rsquos Return to Normalcy
bull Belief that America needed to return to a ldquonormal liferdquo after the war
bull Normalcy=Pre-Progressivism
bull Political Corruption
bull Anti-Immigration
bull Laissez-faire
bull Isolation
bull Fundamentalism (Religious)
Republican Powerbull President
Harding
bull Elected 1920
bull Legacy of Scandals
bull ldquoTeapot Domerdquo
bull Died in office
Political Corruption
bull President Hardingrsquos presidency is marked by scandal
bull Teapot Dome Scandal Government officials gave government land to oil company
bull Prohibition Smuggling alcohol and speakeasies appear and government officials are bribed and corrupted
bull The age of Al Capone ndash well known gangster
ldquoI have no trouble with my enemieshellipBut my damned friendshelliptheyrsquore the ones that keep me
walking the floor nightsrdquo
The Teapot Dome Scandal
Teapot Dome
bull Secret leasing of federal oil reserves by the secretary of the interior Albert Bacon Fall
bull Warren G Harding transferred supervision of the naval oil-reserve lands from the navy to the Department of the Interior in 1921
bull All secretly granted to Harry F Sinclair of the Mammoth Oil Company exclusive rights to the Teapot Dome (Wyoming) reserves (April 7 1922) He granted similar rights to Edward L Deheny of Pan American Petroleum Company for the Elk Hills and Buena Vista Hills reserves in California (1921ndash22)
Teapot Dome Continued
bull Shortly after the signing of the Teapot Dome lease Fall and members of his family had received from an unknown source more than $200000 in Liberty bonds under circumstances indicating that the bonds came from a company organized by Sinclair
bull Prior to the execution of the Pan American contracts and leases Doheny at Fallrsquos request sent $100000 in currency to Fall as a ldquoloanrdquo that had not been repaid
Political Change
bull The Teapot Dome Scandal bothered Harding so much that he ended up having a heart attack and dying
bull Calvin Coolidge succeeded Harding as President in 1923 and the US started to prosper under his leadership
President CoolidgeldquoThe business of America is businessrdquo
bull Fordney-McCumber Tariff
bull Smoot-Hawley Tariff
bull No help for farmers
bull Foreign Policy
The Red Scarebull Revolution in Russia brought the Communists to power
bull Many Americans frustrated by big business owners joined the Communist Party
bull Thousands of strikes in 1919 and 1920
bull Bombs were sent to government and business leaders
Anti-Immigration
bull Cause Red Scare ndash Belief of the early 20rsquos that Communists would try to take over the US
bull A Mitchell Palmer ndash leader of Red Scare
bull Open immigration Rise of new Ku Klux Klan
bull New Immigrants most affected by the Red Scare
bull Return of Nativism
bull KKK grows to over 5 million people
The Palmer Raids
bull A Mitchell Palmer Attorney General ordered raids to hunt down suspected Communists
bull Civil rights were ignored
bullAgents searched without a search warrant
bull People were arrested and held without trial
bull Immigrants were deported
bull at this time W Wilson was gravely ill following a stroke
bull his Attorney General A Mitchell Palmer wanted to take a shot at the presidency - he used fears of both immigrants and communism to his advantage
bull he had J Edgar Hoover round up suspected radicals many of which were deported (Palmer Raids)
The KKK Rises Again
Wantagh LI
Babylon LI Mineola LI Washington DC
bull The Ku Klux Klan rises to power again ndash believed in 100 Americanism
Targetedbull Blacksbull Immigrantsbull Jewsbull Roman Catholics
KKK in Washington 1925
The Ku Klux KlanGreat increase
In power
Anti-black
Anti-immigrant
Anti-womenrsquos suffrage
Anti-bootleggers
Anti-Semitic
Anti-Catholic
Effects of Anti-Immigration
bull Court Case Sacco amp Vanzetti ndash two radical Italian immigrants were arrested convicted and executed for murder
Sacco and Vanzetti (1927)
bullAnarchist Italian immigrants convicted of murderbull Not given fair trialbull Executed bullCleared of charges in 1977
A Society in Conflictbull Anti-immigrant
ndash National Origins Act
ndash Discrimination
Sacco-Vanzetti Trial
ndash Italian immigrants
ndash Unfair trial
bull for immigrants ndash the point of origin had shifted to S amp E Europe and new religions appeared Jewish Orthodox Catholic
bull N European immigrants of early 19c feared this shift and felt it would undermine Protestant values
bull this fear was known as NATIVISMbull many wanted Congress to restrict
immigration leading to a quota system that favoured n areas of Europe
bull fear of immigrants (from SE Europe) led to a sentiment known as the Red Scare (fear of comm post-Bolshevik Rev)
bull basic comm advocates a intl revolution by the proletariatworkers -fears that this ideology could find its way into the US
Effects of Anti-Immigration
bull Immigration controls
bull Emergency Quota act
(1921) amp National
Quota Act (1924)
bull Limit the number of
Immigrants from
ldquodangerousrdquo countries
Laissez-faire
bull Return the power
of big business
bull Government
crackdown on
labor unions
-labor unions seen
as communist
supporters
Global Policies
bull The United States hope to become isolationist again
Small Towns v Big Cities
bull 1920 Census
bull gt50 of all
Americans lived in Cities
bull Farmers less
Important
Fundamentalism
bull Religious movement
of the era that
hoped to restore the
morality of America
bull Supporters Rural areas
Scopes Monkey Trial
bull Evolution vs The Bible
bull Science City
bull Bible Rural
bull Evolution is Darwinrsquos Theory that man evolved over time from monkeys
bull The Bible teaches creationism ndash God created man and all the world
Scopes ldquoMonkeyrdquo TrialEvolution vs Creationism
Dayton TennesseeFamous Lawyers
Science vs Religion
John Scopes
High School Biology teacher
SCOPES TRIAL
In March 1925 Tennessee passed the nationrsquos first law that made it a crime to teach evolution
John Scopes arrested
Scopes was a biology teacher who
dared to teach his students that man
derived from lower species
Fundamentalism
bull Scopes Monkey Trial ndash a science teacher from Tennessee wanted to teach evolution but the school would not allow it and he sued
bull ACLU ndash American Civil Liberties Union backed the teacher
bull William Jennings Bryan represented the creationist
bull Clarence Darrow represented the evolutionist
Scopes Trial
bull Fundamentalists believed the Bible was literally true and without error
bull They rejected Darwinrsquos theory of evolution
bull Evolution ndash human beings had developed from lower forms of life over the course of millions of year
bull The creationists won the trial but because of the trial the Fundamentalists fell out of favor
Scopes was found guilty and fined $100
Scopes Monkey Trial
Prohibition18th Amendment Volstead Act
Gangsters
Al Capone
Prohibition
bull The 18th amendment ndash banned the production and sale of alcohol
bull The Volstead Act ndash enforcing Prohibition became the responsibility of the US Treasury Department
bull Granted federal and state governments the power to enforce Prohibition
PROHIBITION
18th Amendment in 1920
illegal to make sell or transport liquor
Prohibition lasted from 1920
to 1933 when it was repealed
by the 21st Amendment
bull PROHIBITION - on manuf and sale of alcohol
bull adopted in 1919 - 18th AMENDMENT
bull an outgrowth of the longtime temperance movement
bull in WWI temperance became a patriotic mvmt - drunkenness caused low productivity amp inefficiency and alcohol needed to treat the wounded
bull a difficult law to enforce organized crime speakeasies bootleggers were on the rise
bull Al Capone virtually controlled Chicago in this period -capitalism at its zenithhellip
bull Prohibition finally ended in 1933 w the 21st Amendment
bull forced organized crime to pursue other interestshellip
Prohibitionbull Speakeasies ndash secret bars where you could buy
alcohol
bull Crime was glamorized and became big business Some gangsters had enough money to corrupt local politicians (organized crime)
bull Al Capone ndash one of the most successful and violent gangsters of the time
bull Bonnie and Clyde Baby Faced Nelson John Dillinger all famous during this time period
bull The Twenty-first Amendment ended Prohibition
The Speakeasy
Al Capone
Bootlegged whiskey from Canada
ran a network of 10000 speakeasies
made $60 million in bootlegging
He killed off the competition (literally)
Rise of organized crime and the Mob
bullProhibition caused a RISE in crime and lawlessness not a decrease
bull21st Amendment repeals Prohibition
Why Prohibition Failed
1Unpopular
2Led to organized crime
3Death due to poor quality alcohol
4Under funded and hard to enforce
1500 agents were responsible for enforcing
Al Capone
THE TWENTIES WOMAN
After World War I Americans were looking for a little fun in the 1920s
Chicago
1926
Why were women able to become more independent after WWI
bull 1920s also brought about great changes for women
bull 1920 - 19th Amendment gave them the federal vote
bull after 1920 social circumstances changed too as more women worked outside the home
bull and more women went to college and clamoured to join the professions
bull women didnt want to sacrifice wartime gains -amounted to a social revolt
bull characterized by the FLAPPER new womanndash (bobbed hair short dresses
smoked in public)
19th Amendment (1920)
NEW ROLES FOR WOMEN
bull More women workingndash Usually single or widowed womenndash Many women entered the workplace as nurses
teachers librarians amp secretariesndash Income to spend
bull Technology made life easierndash Stoves refrigerators vacuum cleanershellip
bull Margaret Sangerndash Birth control movementndash Family size decreases
Traditional Role of Women
bull Flappers A young woman with short skirts and rouged cheeks who had her hair cropped close in a style known as a bob
bull Women gained the right to vote with passage of the nineteenth amendment
THE FLAPPER
A Flapper was a young woman who embraced the new fashions and urban attitudes
Wanted independence
Rebelled against traditional roles
The 20rsquos is The Jazz AgeThe Flappers
make up
cigarettes
short skirts
MusiciansLouis Armstrong
Duke Ellington
WritersF Scott Fitzgerald
Ernest Hemingway
Culture of the Roaring 20rsquosRadio
KDKA Pittsburgh
GE Westinghouseamp RCA
form NBC
Silent Movies
Charlie Chaplin
ldquoTalkiesrdquoThe Jazz SingerStarring Al Jolson
Mary PickfordldquoAmericarsquos Sweetheartrdquo
Cultural Innovations
bull Talking picture ndash The Jazz Singer ndash was produced and the golden age of Hollywood began
bull Mass media ndash radio movies newspapers and magazines aimed at a broad audience ndash did more than just entertain
bull They helped to broaden peoplersquos interests and fostered a sense of shared national experience
ENTERTAINMENT AND ARTS
First sound movies Jazz Singer (1927)
First animated with sound Steamboat Willie (1928)
By 1930 millions ofAmericans went to the movies each week
Walt Disneys animated Steamboat
Willie marked the debut of Mickey
Mouse It was a seven minute long
black and white cartoon
African American Culture
bull The Great Migration ndash hundreds of thousands of African Americans move from the rural South to industrial cities in the North
bull Harlem Renaissance ndash African Americans created an environment that stimulated artistic development racial pride and a sense of community
bull Langston Hughes (writer) Louis Armstrong (trumpet player) Duke Ellington (bandleader)
Harlem Renaissance
In the 1920s it was home to a literary and artistic revival known as the Harlem Renaissance
WHAT MADE THE HARLEM RENAISSANCE POSSIBLE
Between 1910 and 1920 the Great Migration saw hundreds of thousands of African Americans move north to big cities
Migration of the Negro by
Jacob Lawrence
Harlem Renaissancebull Writers
ndash Langston Hughes (Poet)ndash Zora Neale Hurston (Writer)
bull Famous Jazz Musiciansndash ldquoDukerdquo Ellington ndash Louis Armstrong ndash Bessie Smith
bull Cotton Club famous Jazz Club in Harlemndash Blacks usually denied admission
Black Nationalism
bull Pan-Africanism aimed to unite people of African descent worldwide
bull Marcus Garvey
Universal Negro Improvement Associationndash Aims African-American
economic independence amp a Black homeland in Africa
bull Marcus Garvey (Jamaican born immigrant) established the Universal Negro Improvement Association
bull believed in Black pride
bull advocated racial segregation bc of Black superiority
bull Garvey believed Blacks should return to Africa
bull he purchased a ship to start the Black Star line
bull attracted many investments govt charged him with wfraud
bull he was found guilty and eventually deported to Jamaica but his organization continued to exist
CelebritiesBabe Ruth ampTy Cobb
Jack Dempsey
Charles Lindbergh
The Spirit of St Louis
Notables
bull Charles Lindbergh ndash first to fly across the Atlantic
bull Babe Ruth ndash may be the best known baseball player
bull Henry Ford ndash the assembly line his most important invention also developed the Model T ford
bull Welfare capitalism ndash Companies allowed workers to buy stock participate in profit sharing and receive benefits such as medical care and pensions
Notables
bull Open shop ndash a workplace where employees were not required to join a union
bull In 1920 Westinghouse Company broadcast one of the first public broadcast in history
bull 1926 National Broadcasting Company (NBC) established a permanent network of stations to distribute daily programs
bull 1928 Columbia Broadcasting System (CBS) assembled a coast-to-coast network of stations
Slides
bull Some of the slides used came from a internet site Please be aware that I am using them for educational purposes and they may not be usable due to copyright laws
ldquoAny customer can
have a car painted any
color that he wants so long
as it is blackrdquo
Wanted to build a car that his employees could afford
Model T $290 in 1920
1914 500000 car
1930 30 million cars
The Impact of the Automobile Industry
ProsperityThe 1920s was a period marked by
A return to isolationism
Less government intervention
music art literature sports flourish
New consumer goods
Prohibition- speakeasies bootleggers
Flappers
A change in American values and way of life
Higher wages amp more job opportunities
Early 20rsquos Return to Normalcy
bull Belief that America needed to return to a ldquonormal liferdquo after the war
bull Normalcy=Pre-Progressivism
bull Political Corruption
bull Anti-Immigration
bull Laissez-faire
bull Isolation
bull Fundamentalism (Religious)
Republican Powerbull President
Harding
bull Elected 1920
bull Legacy of Scandals
bull ldquoTeapot Domerdquo
bull Died in office
Political Corruption
bull President Hardingrsquos presidency is marked by scandal
bull Teapot Dome Scandal Government officials gave government land to oil company
bull Prohibition Smuggling alcohol and speakeasies appear and government officials are bribed and corrupted
bull The age of Al Capone ndash well known gangster
ldquoI have no trouble with my enemieshellipBut my damned friendshelliptheyrsquore the ones that keep me
walking the floor nightsrdquo
The Teapot Dome Scandal
Teapot Dome
bull Secret leasing of federal oil reserves by the secretary of the interior Albert Bacon Fall
bull Warren G Harding transferred supervision of the naval oil-reserve lands from the navy to the Department of the Interior in 1921
bull All secretly granted to Harry F Sinclair of the Mammoth Oil Company exclusive rights to the Teapot Dome (Wyoming) reserves (April 7 1922) He granted similar rights to Edward L Deheny of Pan American Petroleum Company for the Elk Hills and Buena Vista Hills reserves in California (1921ndash22)
Teapot Dome Continued
bull Shortly after the signing of the Teapot Dome lease Fall and members of his family had received from an unknown source more than $200000 in Liberty bonds under circumstances indicating that the bonds came from a company organized by Sinclair
bull Prior to the execution of the Pan American contracts and leases Doheny at Fallrsquos request sent $100000 in currency to Fall as a ldquoloanrdquo that had not been repaid
Political Change
bull The Teapot Dome Scandal bothered Harding so much that he ended up having a heart attack and dying
bull Calvin Coolidge succeeded Harding as President in 1923 and the US started to prosper under his leadership
President CoolidgeldquoThe business of America is businessrdquo
bull Fordney-McCumber Tariff
bull Smoot-Hawley Tariff
bull No help for farmers
bull Foreign Policy
The Red Scarebull Revolution in Russia brought the Communists to power
bull Many Americans frustrated by big business owners joined the Communist Party
bull Thousands of strikes in 1919 and 1920
bull Bombs were sent to government and business leaders
Anti-Immigration
bull Cause Red Scare ndash Belief of the early 20rsquos that Communists would try to take over the US
bull A Mitchell Palmer ndash leader of Red Scare
bull Open immigration Rise of new Ku Klux Klan
bull New Immigrants most affected by the Red Scare
bull Return of Nativism
bull KKK grows to over 5 million people
The Palmer Raids
bull A Mitchell Palmer Attorney General ordered raids to hunt down suspected Communists
bull Civil rights were ignored
bullAgents searched without a search warrant
bull People were arrested and held without trial
bull Immigrants were deported
bull at this time W Wilson was gravely ill following a stroke
bull his Attorney General A Mitchell Palmer wanted to take a shot at the presidency - he used fears of both immigrants and communism to his advantage
bull he had J Edgar Hoover round up suspected radicals many of which were deported (Palmer Raids)
The KKK Rises Again
Wantagh LI
Babylon LI Mineola LI Washington DC
bull The Ku Klux Klan rises to power again ndash believed in 100 Americanism
Targetedbull Blacksbull Immigrantsbull Jewsbull Roman Catholics
KKK in Washington 1925
The Ku Klux KlanGreat increase
In power
Anti-black
Anti-immigrant
Anti-womenrsquos suffrage
Anti-bootleggers
Anti-Semitic
Anti-Catholic
Effects of Anti-Immigration
bull Court Case Sacco amp Vanzetti ndash two radical Italian immigrants were arrested convicted and executed for murder
Sacco and Vanzetti (1927)
bullAnarchist Italian immigrants convicted of murderbull Not given fair trialbull Executed bullCleared of charges in 1977
A Society in Conflictbull Anti-immigrant
ndash National Origins Act
ndash Discrimination
Sacco-Vanzetti Trial
ndash Italian immigrants
ndash Unfair trial
bull for immigrants ndash the point of origin had shifted to S amp E Europe and new religions appeared Jewish Orthodox Catholic
bull N European immigrants of early 19c feared this shift and felt it would undermine Protestant values
bull this fear was known as NATIVISMbull many wanted Congress to restrict
immigration leading to a quota system that favoured n areas of Europe
bull fear of immigrants (from SE Europe) led to a sentiment known as the Red Scare (fear of comm post-Bolshevik Rev)
bull basic comm advocates a intl revolution by the proletariatworkers -fears that this ideology could find its way into the US
Effects of Anti-Immigration
bull Immigration controls
bull Emergency Quota act
(1921) amp National
Quota Act (1924)
bull Limit the number of
Immigrants from
ldquodangerousrdquo countries
Laissez-faire
bull Return the power
of big business
bull Government
crackdown on
labor unions
-labor unions seen
as communist
supporters
Global Policies
bull The United States hope to become isolationist again
Small Towns v Big Cities
bull 1920 Census
bull gt50 of all
Americans lived in Cities
bull Farmers less
Important
Fundamentalism
bull Religious movement
of the era that
hoped to restore the
morality of America
bull Supporters Rural areas
Scopes Monkey Trial
bull Evolution vs The Bible
bull Science City
bull Bible Rural
bull Evolution is Darwinrsquos Theory that man evolved over time from monkeys
bull The Bible teaches creationism ndash God created man and all the world
Scopes ldquoMonkeyrdquo TrialEvolution vs Creationism
Dayton TennesseeFamous Lawyers
Science vs Religion
John Scopes
High School Biology teacher
SCOPES TRIAL
In March 1925 Tennessee passed the nationrsquos first law that made it a crime to teach evolution
John Scopes arrested
Scopes was a biology teacher who
dared to teach his students that man
derived from lower species
Fundamentalism
bull Scopes Monkey Trial ndash a science teacher from Tennessee wanted to teach evolution but the school would not allow it and he sued
bull ACLU ndash American Civil Liberties Union backed the teacher
bull William Jennings Bryan represented the creationist
bull Clarence Darrow represented the evolutionist
Scopes Trial
bull Fundamentalists believed the Bible was literally true and without error
bull They rejected Darwinrsquos theory of evolution
bull Evolution ndash human beings had developed from lower forms of life over the course of millions of year
bull The creationists won the trial but because of the trial the Fundamentalists fell out of favor
Scopes was found guilty and fined $100
Scopes Monkey Trial
Prohibition18th Amendment Volstead Act
Gangsters
Al Capone
Prohibition
bull The 18th amendment ndash banned the production and sale of alcohol
bull The Volstead Act ndash enforcing Prohibition became the responsibility of the US Treasury Department
bull Granted federal and state governments the power to enforce Prohibition
PROHIBITION
18th Amendment in 1920
illegal to make sell or transport liquor
Prohibition lasted from 1920
to 1933 when it was repealed
by the 21st Amendment
bull PROHIBITION - on manuf and sale of alcohol
bull adopted in 1919 - 18th AMENDMENT
bull an outgrowth of the longtime temperance movement
bull in WWI temperance became a patriotic mvmt - drunkenness caused low productivity amp inefficiency and alcohol needed to treat the wounded
bull a difficult law to enforce organized crime speakeasies bootleggers were on the rise
bull Al Capone virtually controlled Chicago in this period -capitalism at its zenithhellip
bull Prohibition finally ended in 1933 w the 21st Amendment
bull forced organized crime to pursue other interestshellip
Prohibitionbull Speakeasies ndash secret bars where you could buy
alcohol
bull Crime was glamorized and became big business Some gangsters had enough money to corrupt local politicians (organized crime)
bull Al Capone ndash one of the most successful and violent gangsters of the time
bull Bonnie and Clyde Baby Faced Nelson John Dillinger all famous during this time period
bull The Twenty-first Amendment ended Prohibition
The Speakeasy
Al Capone
Bootlegged whiskey from Canada
ran a network of 10000 speakeasies
made $60 million in bootlegging
He killed off the competition (literally)
Rise of organized crime and the Mob
bullProhibition caused a RISE in crime and lawlessness not a decrease
bull21st Amendment repeals Prohibition
Why Prohibition Failed
1Unpopular
2Led to organized crime
3Death due to poor quality alcohol
4Under funded and hard to enforce
1500 agents were responsible for enforcing
Al Capone
THE TWENTIES WOMAN
After World War I Americans were looking for a little fun in the 1920s
Chicago
1926
Why were women able to become more independent after WWI
bull 1920s also brought about great changes for women
bull 1920 - 19th Amendment gave them the federal vote
bull after 1920 social circumstances changed too as more women worked outside the home
bull and more women went to college and clamoured to join the professions
bull women didnt want to sacrifice wartime gains -amounted to a social revolt
bull characterized by the FLAPPER new womanndash (bobbed hair short dresses
smoked in public)
19th Amendment (1920)
NEW ROLES FOR WOMEN
bull More women workingndash Usually single or widowed womenndash Many women entered the workplace as nurses
teachers librarians amp secretariesndash Income to spend
bull Technology made life easierndash Stoves refrigerators vacuum cleanershellip
bull Margaret Sangerndash Birth control movementndash Family size decreases
Traditional Role of Women
bull Flappers A young woman with short skirts and rouged cheeks who had her hair cropped close in a style known as a bob
bull Women gained the right to vote with passage of the nineteenth amendment
THE FLAPPER
A Flapper was a young woman who embraced the new fashions and urban attitudes
Wanted independence
Rebelled against traditional roles
The 20rsquos is The Jazz AgeThe Flappers
make up
cigarettes
short skirts
MusiciansLouis Armstrong
Duke Ellington
WritersF Scott Fitzgerald
Ernest Hemingway
Culture of the Roaring 20rsquosRadio
KDKA Pittsburgh
GE Westinghouseamp RCA
form NBC
Silent Movies
Charlie Chaplin
ldquoTalkiesrdquoThe Jazz SingerStarring Al Jolson
Mary PickfordldquoAmericarsquos Sweetheartrdquo
Cultural Innovations
bull Talking picture ndash The Jazz Singer ndash was produced and the golden age of Hollywood began
bull Mass media ndash radio movies newspapers and magazines aimed at a broad audience ndash did more than just entertain
bull They helped to broaden peoplersquos interests and fostered a sense of shared national experience
ENTERTAINMENT AND ARTS
First sound movies Jazz Singer (1927)
First animated with sound Steamboat Willie (1928)
By 1930 millions ofAmericans went to the movies each week
Walt Disneys animated Steamboat
Willie marked the debut of Mickey
Mouse It was a seven minute long
black and white cartoon
African American Culture
bull The Great Migration ndash hundreds of thousands of African Americans move from the rural South to industrial cities in the North
bull Harlem Renaissance ndash African Americans created an environment that stimulated artistic development racial pride and a sense of community
bull Langston Hughes (writer) Louis Armstrong (trumpet player) Duke Ellington (bandleader)
Harlem Renaissance
In the 1920s it was home to a literary and artistic revival known as the Harlem Renaissance
WHAT MADE THE HARLEM RENAISSANCE POSSIBLE
Between 1910 and 1920 the Great Migration saw hundreds of thousands of African Americans move north to big cities
Migration of the Negro by
Jacob Lawrence
Harlem Renaissancebull Writers
ndash Langston Hughes (Poet)ndash Zora Neale Hurston (Writer)
bull Famous Jazz Musiciansndash ldquoDukerdquo Ellington ndash Louis Armstrong ndash Bessie Smith
bull Cotton Club famous Jazz Club in Harlemndash Blacks usually denied admission
Black Nationalism
bull Pan-Africanism aimed to unite people of African descent worldwide
bull Marcus Garvey
Universal Negro Improvement Associationndash Aims African-American
economic independence amp a Black homeland in Africa
bull Marcus Garvey (Jamaican born immigrant) established the Universal Negro Improvement Association
bull believed in Black pride
bull advocated racial segregation bc of Black superiority
bull Garvey believed Blacks should return to Africa
bull he purchased a ship to start the Black Star line
bull attracted many investments govt charged him with wfraud
bull he was found guilty and eventually deported to Jamaica but his organization continued to exist
CelebritiesBabe Ruth ampTy Cobb
Jack Dempsey
Charles Lindbergh
The Spirit of St Louis
Notables
bull Charles Lindbergh ndash first to fly across the Atlantic
bull Babe Ruth ndash may be the best known baseball player
bull Henry Ford ndash the assembly line his most important invention also developed the Model T ford
bull Welfare capitalism ndash Companies allowed workers to buy stock participate in profit sharing and receive benefits such as medical care and pensions
Notables
bull Open shop ndash a workplace where employees were not required to join a union
bull In 1920 Westinghouse Company broadcast one of the first public broadcast in history
bull 1926 National Broadcasting Company (NBC) established a permanent network of stations to distribute daily programs
bull 1928 Columbia Broadcasting System (CBS) assembled a coast-to-coast network of stations
Slides
bull Some of the slides used came from a internet site Please be aware that I am using them for educational purposes and they may not be usable due to copyright laws
Wanted to build a car that his employees could afford
Model T $290 in 1920
1914 500000 car
1930 30 million cars
The Impact of the Automobile Industry
ProsperityThe 1920s was a period marked by
A return to isolationism
Less government intervention
music art literature sports flourish
New consumer goods
Prohibition- speakeasies bootleggers
Flappers
A change in American values and way of life
Higher wages amp more job opportunities
Early 20rsquos Return to Normalcy
bull Belief that America needed to return to a ldquonormal liferdquo after the war
bull Normalcy=Pre-Progressivism
bull Political Corruption
bull Anti-Immigration
bull Laissez-faire
bull Isolation
bull Fundamentalism (Religious)
Republican Powerbull President
Harding
bull Elected 1920
bull Legacy of Scandals
bull ldquoTeapot Domerdquo
bull Died in office
Political Corruption
bull President Hardingrsquos presidency is marked by scandal
bull Teapot Dome Scandal Government officials gave government land to oil company
bull Prohibition Smuggling alcohol and speakeasies appear and government officials are bribed and corrupted
bull The age of Al Capone ndash well known gangster
ldquoI have no trouble with my enemieshellipBut my damned friendshelliptheyrsquore the ones that keep me
walking the floor nightsrdquo
The Teapot Dome Scandal
Teapot Dome
bull Secret leasing of federal oil reserves by the secretary of the interior Albert Bacon Fall
bull Warren G Harding transferred supervision of the naval oil-reserve lands from the navy to the Department of the Interior in 1921
bull All secretly granted to Harry F Sinclair of the Mammoth Oil Company exclusive rights to the Teapot Dome (Wyoming) reserves (April 7 1922) He granted similar rights to Edward L Deheny of Pan American Petroleum Company for the Elk Hills and Buena Vista Hills reserves in California (1921ndash22)
Teapot Dome Continued
bull Shortly after the signing of the Teapot Dome lease Fall and members of his family had received from an unknown source more than $200000 in Liberty bonds under circumstances indicating that the bonds came from a company organized by Sinclair
bull Prior to the execution of the Pan American contracts and leases Doheny at Fallrsquos request sent $100000 in currency to Fall as a ldquoloanrdquo that had not been repaid
Political Change
bull The Teapot Dome Scandal bothered Harding so much that he ended up having a heart attack and dying
bull Calvin Coolidge succeeded Harding as President in 1923 and the US started to prosper under his leadership
President CoolidgeldquoThe business of America is businessrdquo
bull Fordney-McCumber Tariff
bull Smoot-Hawley Tariff
bull No help for farmers
bull Foreign Policy
The Red Scarebull Revolution in Russia brought the Communists to power
bull Many Americans frustrated by big business owners joined the Communist Party
bull Thousands of strikes in 1919 and 1920
bull Bombs were sent to government and business leaders
Anti-Immigration
bull Cause Red Scare ndash Belief of the early 20rsquos that Communists would try to take over the US
bull A Mitchell Palmer ndash leader of Red Scare
bull Open immigration Rise of new Ku Klux Klan
bull New Immigrants most affected by the Red Scare
bull Return of Nativism
bull KKK grows to over 5 million people
The Palmer Raids
bull A Mitchell Palmer Attorney General ordered raids to hunt down suspected Communists
bull Civil rights were ignored
bullAgents searched without a search warrant
bull People were arrested and held without trial
bull Immigrants were deported
bull at this time W Wilson was gravely ill following a stroke
bull his Attorney General A Mitchell Palmer wanted to take a shot at the presidency - he used fears of both immigrants and communism to his advantage
bull he had J Edgar Hoover round up suspected radicals many of which were deported (Palmer Raids)
The KKK Rises Again
Wantagh LI
Babylon LI Mineola LI Washington DC
bull The Ku Klux Klan rises to power again ndash believed in 100 Americanism
Targetedbull Blacksbull Immigrantsbull Jewsbull Roman Catholics
KKK in Washington 1925
The Ku Klux KlanGreat increase
In power
Anti-black
Anti-immigrant
Anti-womenrsquos suffrage
Anti-bootleggers
Anti-Semitic
Anti-Catholic
Effects of Anti-Immigration
bull Court Case Sacco amp Vanzetti ndash two radical Italian immigrants were arrested convicted and executed for murder
Sacco and Vanzetti (1927)
bullAnarchist Italian immigrants convicted of murderbull Not given fair trialbull Executed bullCleared of charges in 1977
A Society in Conflictbull Anti-immigrant
ndash National Origins Act
ndash Discrimination
Sacco-Vanzetti Trial
ndash Italian immigrants
ndash Unfair trial
bull for immigrants ndash the point of origin had shifted to S amp E Europe and new religions appeared Jewish Orthodox Catholic
bull N European immigrants of early 19c feared this shift and felt it would undermine Protestant values
bull this fear was known as NATIVISMbull many wanted Congress to restrict
immigration leading to a quota system that favoured n areas of Europe
bull fear of immigrants (from SE Europe) led to a sentiment known as the Red Scare (fear of comm post-Bolshevik Rev)
bull basic comm advocates a intl revolution by the proletariatworkers -fears that this ideology could find its way into the US
Effects of Anti-Immigration
bull Immigration controls
bull Emergency Quota act
(1921) amp National
Quota Act (1924)
bull Limit the number of
Immigrants from
ldquodangerousrdquo countries
Laissez-faire
bull Return the power
of big business
bull Government
crackdown on
labor unions
-labor unions seen
as communist
supporters
Global Policies
bull The United States hope to become isolationist again
Small Towns v Big Cities
bull 1920 Census
bull gt50 of all
Americans lived in Cities
bull Farmers less
Important
Fundamentalism
bull Religious movement
of the era that
hoped to restore the
morality of America
bull Supporters Rural areas
Scopes Monkey Trial
bull Evolution vs The Bible
bull Science City
bull Bible Rural
bull Evolution is Darwinrsquos Theory that man evolved over time from monkeys
bull The Bible teaches creationism ndash God created man and all the world
Scopes ldquoMonkeyrdquo TrialEvolution vs Creationism
Dayton TennesseeFamous Lawyers
Science vs Religion
John Scopes
High School Biology teacher
SCOPES TRIAL
In March 1925 Tennessee passed the nationrsquos first law that made it a crime to teach evolution
John Scopes arrested
Scopes was a biology teacher who
dared to teach his students that man
derived from lower species
Fundamentalism
bull Scopes Monkey Trial ndash a science teacher from Tennessee wanted to teach evolution but the school would not allow it and he sued
bull ACLU ndash American Civil Liberties Union backed the teacher
bull William Jennings Bryan represented the creationist
bull Clarence Darrow represented the evolutionist
Scopes Trial
bull Fundamentalists believed the Bible was literally true and without error
bull They rejected Darwinrsquos theory of evolution
bull Evolution ndash human beings had developed from lower forms of life over the course of millions of year
bull The creationists won the trial but because of the trial the Fundamentalists fell out of favor
Scopes was found guilty and fined $100
Scopes Monkey Trial
Prohibition18th Amendment Volstead Act
Gangsters
Al Capone
Prohibition
bull The 18th amendment ndash banned the production and sale of alcohol
bull The Volstead Act ndash enforcing Prohibition became the responsibility of the US Treasury Department
bull Granted federal and state governments the power to enforce Prohibition
PROHIBITION
18th Amendment in 1920
illegal to make sell or transport liquor
Prohibition lasted from 1920
to 1933 when it was repealed
by the 21st Amendment
bull PROHIBITION - on manuf and sale of alcohol
bull adopted in 1919 - 18th AMENDMENT
bull an outgrowth of the longtime temperance movement
bull in WWI temperance became a patriotic mvmt - drunkenness caused low productivity amp inefficiency and alcohol needed to treat the wounded
bull a difficult law to enforce organized crime speakeasies bootleggers were on the rise
bull Al Capone virtually controlled Chicago in this period -capitalism at its zenithhellip
bull Prohibition finally ended in 1933 w the 21st Amendment
bull forced organized crime to pursue other interestshellip
Prohibitionbull Speakeasies ndash secret bars where you could buy
alcohol
bull Crime was glamorized and became big business Some gangsters had enough money to corrupt local politicians (organized crime)
bull Al Capone ndash one of the most successful and violent gangsters of the time
bull Bonnie and Clyde Baby Faced Nelson John Dillinger all famous during this time period
bull The Twenty-first Amendment ended Prohibition
The Speakeasy
Al Capone
Bootlegged whiskey from Canada
ran a network of 10000 speakeasies
made $60 million in bootlegging
He killed off the competition (literally)
Rise of organized crime and the Mob
bullProhibition caused a RISE in crime and lawlessness not a decrease
bull21st Amendment repeals Prohibition
Why Prohibition Failed
1Unpopular
2Led to organized crime
3Death due to poor quality alcohol
4Under funded and hard to enforce
1500 agents were responsible for enforcing
Al Capone
THE TWENTIES WOMAN
After World War I Americans were looking for a little fun in the 1920s
Chicago
1926
Why were women able to become more independent after WWI
bull 1920s also brought about great changes for women
bull 1920 - 19th Amendment gave them the federal vote
bull after 1920 social circumstances changed too as more women worked outside the home
bull and more women went to college and clamoured to join the professions
bull women didnt want to sacrifice wartime gains -amounted to a social revolt
bull characterized by the FLAPPER new womanndash (bobbed hair short dresses
smoked in public)
19th Amendment (1920)
NEW ROLES FOR WOMEN
bull More women workingndash Usually single or widowed womenndash Many women entered the workplace as nurses
teachers librarians amp secretariesndash Income to spend
bull Technology made life easierndash Stoves refrigerators vacuum cleanershellip
bull Margaret Sangerndash Birth control movementndash Family size decreases
Traditional Role of Women
bull Flappers A young woman with short skirts and rouged cheeks who had her hair cropped close in a style known as a bob
bull Women gained the right to vote with passage of the nineteenth amendment
THE FLAPPER
A Flapper was a young woman who embraced the new fashions and urban attitudes
Wanted independence
Rebelled against traditional roles
The 20rsquos is The Jazz AgeThe Flappers
make up
cigarettes
short skirts
MusiciansLouis Armstrong
Duke Ellington
WritersF Scott Fitzgerald
Ernest Hemingway
Culture of the Roaring 20rsquosRadio
KDKA Pittsburgh
GE Westinghouseamp RCA
form NBC
Silent Movies
Charlie Chaplin
ldquoTalkiesrdquoThe Jazz SingerStarring Al Jolson
Mary PickfordldquoAmericarsquos Sweetheartrdquo
Cultural Innovations
bull Talking picture ndash The Jazz Singer ndash was produced and the golden age of Hollywood began
bull Mass media ndash radio movies newspapers and magazines aimed at a broad audience ndash did more than just entertain
bull They helped to broaden peoplersquos interests and fostered a sense of shared national experience
ENTERTAINMENT AND ARTS
First sound movies Jazz Singer (1927)
First animated with sound Steamboat Willie (1928)
By 1930 millions ofAmericans went to the movies each week
Walt Disneys animated Steamboat
Willie marked the debut of Mickey
Mouse It was a seven minute long
black and white cartoon
African American Culture
bull The Great Migration ndash hundreds of thousands of African Americans move from the rural South to industrial cities in the North
bull Harlem Renaissance ndash African Americans created an environment that stimulated artistic development racial pride and a sense of community
bull Langston Hughes (writer) Louis Armstrong (trumpet player) Duke Ellington (bandleader)
Harlem Renaissance
In the 1920s it was home to a literary and artistic revival known as the Harlem Renaissance
WHAT MADE THE HARLEM RENAISSANCE POSSIBLE
Between 1910 and 1920 the Great Migration saw hundreds of thousands of African Americans move north to big cities
Migration of the Negro by
Jacob Lawrence
Harlem Renaissancebull Writers
ndash Langston Hughes (Poet)ndash Zora Neale Hurston (Writer)
bull Famous Jazz Musiciansndash ldquoDukerdquo Ellington ndash Louis Armstrong ndash Bessie Smith
bull Cotton Club famous Jazz Club in Harlemndash Blacks usually denied admission
Black Nationalism
bull Pan-Africanism aimed to unite people of African descent worldwide
bull Marcus Garvey
Universal Negro Improvement Associationndash Aims African-American
economic independence amp a Black homeland in Africa
bull Marcus Garvey (Jamaican born immigrant) established the Universal Negro Improvement Association
bull believed in Black pride
bull advocated racial segregation bc of Black superiority
bull Garvey believed Blacks should return to Africa
bull he purchased a ship to start the Black Star line
bull attracted many investments govt charged him with wfraud
bull he was found guilty and eventually deported to Jamaica but his organization continued to exist
CelebritiesBabe Ruth ampTy Cobb
Jack Dempsey
Charles Lindbergh
The Spirit of St Louis
Notables
bull Charles Lindbergh ndash first to fly across the Atlantic
bull Babe Ruth ndash may be the best known baseball player
bull Henry Ford ndash the assembly line his most important invention also developed the Model T ford
bull Welfare capitalism ndash Companies allowed workers to buy stock participate in profit sharing and receive benefits such as medical care and pensions
Notables
bull Open shop ndash a workplace where employees were not required to join a union
bull In 1920 Westinghouse Company broadcast one of the first public broadcast in history
bull 1926 National Broadcasting Company (NBC) established a permanent network of stations to distribute daily programs
bull 1928 Columbia Broadcasting System (CBS) assembled a coast-to-coast network of stations
Slides
bull Some of the slides used came from a internet site Please be aware that I am using them for educational purposes and they may not be usable due to copyright laws
The Impact of the Automobile Industry
ProsperityThe 1920s was a period marked by
A return to isolationism
Less government intervention
music art literature sports flourish
New consumer goods
Prohibition- speakeasies bootleggers
Flappers
A change in American values and way of life
Higher wages amp more job opportunities
Early 20rsquos Return to Normalcy
bull Belief that America needed to return to a ldquonormal liferdquo after the war
bull Normalcy=Pre-Progressivism
bull Political Corruption
bull Anti-Immigration
bull Laissez-faire
bull Isolation
bull Fundamentalism (Religious)
Republican Powerbull President
Harding
bull Elected 1920
bull Legacy of Scandals
bull ldquoTeapot Domerdquo
bull Died in office
Political Corruption
bull President Hardingrsquos presidency is marked by scandal
bull Teapot Dome Scandal Government officials gave government land to oil company
bull Prohibition Smuggling alcohol and speakeasies appear and government officials are bribed and corrupted
bull The age of Al Capone ndash well known gangster
ldquoI have no trouble with my enemieshellipBut my damned friendshelliptheyrsquore the ones that keep me
walking the floor nightsrdquo
The Teapot Dome Scandal
Teapot Dome
bull Secret leasing of federal oil reserves by the secretary of the interior Albert Bacon Fall
bull Warren G Harding transferred supervision of the naval oil-reserve lands from the navy to the Department of the Interior in 1921
bull All secretly granted to Harry F Sinclair of the Mammoth Oil Company exclusive rights to the Teapot Dome (Wyoming) reserves (April 7 1922) He granted similar rights to Edward L Deheny of Pan American Petroleum Company for the Elk Hills and Buena Vista Hills reserves in California (1921ndash22)
Teapot Dome Continued
bull Shortly after the signing of the Teapot Dome lease Fall and members of his family had received from an unknown source more than $200000 in Liberty bonds under circumstances indicating that the bonds came from a company organized by Sinclair
bull Prior to the execution of the Pan American contracts and leases Doheny at Fallrsquos request sent $100000 in currency to Fall as a ldquoloanrdquo that had not been repaid
Political Change
bull The Teapot Dome Scandal bothered Harding so much that he ended up having a heart attack and dying
bull Calvin Coolidge succeeded Harding as President in 1923 and the US started to prosper under his leadership
President CoolidgeldquoThe business of America is businessrdquo
bull Fordney-McCumber Tariff
bull Smoot-Hawley Tariff
bull No help for farmers
bull Foreign Policy
The Red Scarebull Revolution in Russia brought the Communists to power
bull Many Americans frustrated by big business owners joined the Communist Party
bull Thousands of strikes in 1919 and 1920
bull Bombs were sent to government and business leaders
Anti-Immigration
bull Cause Red Scare ndash Belief of the early 20rsquos that Communists would try to take over the US
bull A Mitchell Palmer ndash leader of Red Scare
bull Open immigration Rise of new Ku Klux Klan
bull New Immigrants most affected by the Red Scare
bull Return of Nativism
bull KKK grows to over 5 million people
The Palmer Raids
bull A Mitchell Palmer Attorney General ordered raids to hunt down suspected Communists
bull Civil rights were ignored
bullAgents searched without a search warrant
bull People were arrested and held without trial
bull Immigrants were deported
bull at this time W Wilson was gravely ill following a stroke
bull his Attorney General A Mitchell Palmer wanted to take a shot at the presidency - he used fears of both immigrants and communism to his advantage
bull he had J Edgar Hoover round up suspected radicals many of which were deported (Palmer Raids)
The KKK Rises Again
Wantagh LI
Babylon LI Mineola LI Washington DC
bull The Ku Klux Klan rises to power again ndash believed in 100 Americanism
Targetedbull Blacksbull Immigrantsbull Jewsbull Roman Catholics
KKK in Washington 1925
The Ku Klux KlanGreat increase
In power
Anti-black
Anti-immigrant
Anti-womenrsquos suffrage
Anti-bootleggers
Anti-Semitic
Anti-Catholic
Effects of Anti-Immigration
bull Court Case Sacco amp Vanzetti ndash two radical Italian immigrants were arrested convicted and executed for murder
Sacco and Vanzetti (1927)
bullAnarchist Italian immigrants convicted of murderbull Not given fair trialbull Executed bullCleared of charges in 1977
A Society in Conflictbull Anti-immigrant
ndash National Origins Act
ndash Discrimination
Sacco-Vanzetti Trial
ndash Italian immigrants
ndash Unfair trial
bull for immigrants ndash the point of origin had shifted to S amp E Europe and new religions appeared Jewish Orthodox Catholic
bull N European immigrants of early 19c feared this shift and felt it would undermine Protestant values
bull this fear was known as NATIVISMbull many wanted Congress to restrict
immigration leading to a quota system that favoured n areas of Europe
bull fear of immigrants (from SE Europe) led to a sentiment known as the Red Scare (fear of comm post-Bolshevik Rev)
bull basic comm advocates a intl revolution by the proletariatworkers -fears that this ideology could find its way into the US
Effects of Anti-Immigration
bull Immigration controls
bull Emergency Quota act
(1921) amp National
Quota Act (1924)
bull Limit the number of
Immigrants from
ldquodangerousrdquo countries
Laissez-faire
bull Return the power
of big business
bull Government
crackdown on
labor unions
-labor unions seen
as communist
supporters
Global Policies
bull The United States hope to become isolationist again
Small Towns v Big Cities
bull 1920 Census
bull gt50 of all
Americans lived in Cities
bull Farmers less
Important
Fundamentalism
bull Religious movement
of the era that
hoped to restore the
morality of America
bull Supporters Rural areas
Scopes Monkey Trial
bull Evolution vs The Bible
bull Science City
bull Bible Rural
bull Evolution is Darwinrsquos Theory that man evolved over time from monkeys
bull The Bible teaches creationism ndash God created man and all the world
Scopes ldquoMonkeyrdquo TrialEvolution vs Creationism
Dayton TennesseeFamous Lawyers
Science vs Religion
John Scopes
High School Biology teacher
SCOPES TRIAL
In March 1925 Tennessee passed the nationrsquos first law that made it a crime to teach evolution
John Scopes arrested
Scopes was a biology teacher who
dared to teach his students that man
derived from lower species
Fundamentalism
bull Scopes Monkey Trial ndash a science teacher from Tennessee wanted to teach evolution but the school would not allow it and he sued
bull ACLU ndash American Civil Liberties Union backed the teacher
bull William Jennings Bryan represented the creationist
bull Clarence Darrow represented the evolutionist
Scopes Trial
bull Fundamentalists believed the Bible was literally true and without error
bull They rejected Darwinrsquos theory of evolution
bull Evolution ndash human beings had developed from lower forms of life over the course of millions of year
bull The creationists won the trial but because of the trial the Fundamentalists fell out of favor
Scopes was found guilty and fined $100
Scopes Monkey Trial
Prohibition18th Amendment Volstead Act
Gangsters
Al Capone
Prohibition
bull The 18th amendment ndash banned the production and sale of alcohol
bull The Volstead Act ndash enforcing Prohibition became the responsibility of the US Treasury Department
bull Granted federal and state governments the power to enforce Prohibition
PROHIBITION
18th Amendment in 1920
illegal to make sell or transport liquor
Prohibition lasted from 1920
to 1933 when it was repealed
by the 21st Amendment
bull PROHIBITION - on manuf and sale of alcohol
bull adopted in 1919 - 18th AMENDMENT
bull an outgrowth of the longtime temperance movement
bull in WWI temperance became a patriotic mvmt - drunkenness caused low productivity amp inefficiency and alcohol needed to treat the wounded
bull a difficult law to enforce organized crime speakeasies bootleggers were on the rise
bull Al Capone virtually controlled Chicago in this period -capitalism at its zenithhellip
bull Prohibition finally ended in 1933 w the 21st Amendment
bull forced organized crime to pursue other interestshellip
Prohibitionbull Speakeasies ndash secret bars where you could buy
alcohol
bull Crime was glamorized and became big business Some gangsters had enough money to corrupt local politicians (organized crime)
bull Al Capone ndash one of the most successful and violent gangsters of the time
bull Bonnie and Clyde Baby Faced Nelson John Dillinger all famous during this time period
bull The Twenty-first Amendment ended Prohibition
The Speakeasy
Al Capone
Bootlegged whiskey from Canada
ran a network of 10000 speakeasies
made $60 million in bootlegging
He killed off the competition (literally)
Rise of organized crime and the Mob
bullProhibition caused a RISE in crime and lawlessness not a decrease
bull21st Amendment repeals Prohibition
Why Prohibition Failed
1Unpopular
2Led to organized crime
3Death due to poor quality alcohol
4Under funded and hard to enforce
1500 agents were responsible for enforcing
Al Capone
THE TWENTIES WOMAN
After World War I Americans were looking for a little fun in the 1920s
Chicago
1926
Why were women able to become more independent after WWI
bull 1920s also brought about great changes for women
bull 1920 - 19th Amendment gave them the federal vote
bull after 1920 social circumstances changed too as more women worked outside the home
bull and more women went to college and clamoured to join the professions
bull women didnt want to sacrifice wartime gains -amounted to a social revolt
bull characterized by the FLAPPER new womanndash (bobbed hair short dresses
smoked in public)
19th Amendment (1920)
NEW ROLES FOR WOMEN
bull More women workingndash Usually single or widowed womenndash Many women entered the workplace as nurses
teachers librarians amp secretariesndash Income to spend
bull Technology made life easierndash Stoves refrigerators vacuum cleanershellip
bull Margaret Sangerndash Birth control movementndash Family size decreases
Traditional Role of Women
bull Flappers A young woman with short skirts and rouged cheeks who had her hair cropped close in a style known as a bob
bull Women gained the right to vote with passage of the nineteenth amendment
THE FLAPPER
A Flapper was a young woman who embraced the new fashions and urban attitudes
Wanted independence
Rebelled against traditional roles
The 20rsquos is The Jazz AgeThe Flappers
make up
cigarettes
short skirts
MusiciansLouis Armstrong
Duke Ellington
WritersF Scott Fitzgerald
Ernest Hemingway
Culture of the Roaring 20rsquosRadio
KDKA Pittsburgh
GE Westinghouseamp RCA
form NBC
Silent Movies
Charlie Chaplin
ldquoTalkiesrdquoThe Jazz SingerStarring Al Jolson
Mary PickfordldquoAmericarsquos Sweetheartrdquo
Cultural Innovations
bull Talking picture ndash The Jazz Singer ndash was produced and the golden age of Hollywood began
bull Mass media ndash radio movies newspapers and magazines aimed at a broad audience ndash did more than just entertain
bull They helped to broaden peoplersquos interests and fostered a sense of shared national experience
ENTERTAINMENT AND ARTS
First sound movies Jazz Singer (1927)
First animated with sound Steamboat Willie (1928)
By 1930 millions ofAmericans went to the movies each week
Walt Disneys animated Steamboat
Willie marked the debut of Mickey
Mouse It was a seven minute long
black and white cartoon
African American Culture
bull The Great Migration ndash hundreds of thousands of African Americans move from the rural South to industrial cities in the North
bull Harlem Renaissance ndash African Americans created an environment that stimulated artistic development racial pride and a sense of community
bull Langston Hughes (writer) Louis Armstrong (trumpet player) Duke Ellington (bandleader)
Harlem Renaissance
In the 1920s it was home to a literary and artistic revival known as the Harlem Renaissance
WHAT MADE THE HARLEM RENAISSANCE POSSIBLE
Between 1910 and 1920 the Great Migration saw hundreds of thousands of African Americans move north to big cities
Migration of the Negro by
Jacob Lawrence
Harlem Renaissancebull Writers
ndash Langston Hughes (Poet)ndash Zora Neale Hurston (Writer)
bull Famous Jazz Musiciansndash ldquoDukerdquo Ellington ndash Louis Armstrong ndash Bessie Smith
bull Cotton Club famous Jazz Club in Harlemndash Blacks usually denied admission
Black Nationalism
bull Pan-Africanism aimed to unite people of African descent worldwide
bull Marcus Garvey
Universal Negro Improvement Associationndash Aims African-American
economic independence amp a Black homeland in Africa
bull Marcus Garvey (Jamaican born immigrant) established the Universal Negro Improvement Association
bull believed in Black pride
bull advocated racial segregation bc of Black superiority
bull Garvey believed Blacks should return to Africa
bull he purchased a ship to start the Black Star line
bull attracted many investments govt charged him with wfraud
bull he was found guilty and eventually deported to Jamaica but his organization continued to exist
CelebritiesBabe Ruth ampTy Cobb
Jack Dempsey
Charles Lindbergh
The Spirit of St Louis
Notables
bull Charles Lindbergh ndash first to fly across the Atlantic
bull Babe Ruth ndash may be the best known baseball player
bull Henry Ford ndash the assembly line his most important invention also developed the Model T ford
bull Welfare capitalism ndash Companies allowed workers to buy stock participate in profit sharing and receive benefits such as medical care and pensions
Notables
bull Open shop ndash a workplace where employees were not required to join a union
bull In 1920 Westinghouse Company broadcast one of the first public broadcast in history
bull 1926 National Broadcasting Company (NBC) established a permanent network of stations to distribute daily programs
bull 1928 Columbia Broadcasting System (CBS) assembled a coast-to-coast network of stations
Slides
bull Some of the slides used came from a internet site Please be aware that I am using them for educational purposes and they may not be usable due to copyright laws
ProsperityThe 1920s was a period marked by
A return to isolationism
Less government intervention
music art literature sports flourish
New consumer goods
Prohibition- speakeasies bootleggers
Flappers
A change in American values and way of life
Higher wages amp more job opportunities
Early 20rsquos Return to Normalcy
bull Belief that America needed to return to a ldquonormal liferdquo after the war
bull Normalcy=Pre-Progressivism
bull Political Corruption
bull Anti-Immigration
bull Laissez-faire
bull Isolation
bull Fundamentalism (Religious)
Republican Powerbull President
Harding
bull Elected 1920
bull Legacy of Scandals
bull ldquoTeapot Domerdquo
bull Died in office
Political Corruption
bull President Hardingrsquos presidency is marked by scandal
bull Teapot Dome Scandal Government officials gave government land to oil company
bull Prohibition Smuggling alcohol and speakeasies appear and government officials are bribed and corrupted
bull The age of Al Capone ndash well known gangster
ldquoI have no trouble with my enemieshellipBut my damned friendshelliptheyrsquore the ones that keep me
walking the floor nightsrdquo
The Teapot Dome Scandal
Teapot Dome
bull Secret leasing of federal oil reserves by the secretary of the interior Albert Bacon Fall
bull Warren G Harding transferred supervision of the naval oil-reserve lands from the navy to the Department of the Interior in 1921
bull All secretly granted to Harry F Sinclair of the Mammoth Oil Company exclusive rights to the Teapot Dome (Wyoming) reserves (April 7 1922) He granted similar rights to Edward L Deheny of Pan American Petroleum Company for the Elk Hills and Buena Vista Hills reserves in California (1921ndash22)
Teapot Dome Continued
bull Shortly after the signing of the Teapot Dome lease Fall and members of his family had received from an unknown source more than $200000 in Liberty bonds under circumstances indicating that the bonds came from a company organized by Sinclair
bull Prior to the execution of the Pan American contracts and leases Doheny at Fallrsquos request sent $100000 in currency to Fall as a ldquoloanrdquo that had not been repaid
Political Change
bull The Teapot Dome Scandal bothered Harding so much that he ended up having a heart attack and dying
bull Calvin Coolidge succeeded Harding as President in 1923 and the US started to prosper under his leadership
President CoolidgeldquoThe business of America is businessrdquo
bull Fordney-McCumber Tariff
bull Smoot-Hawley Tariff
bull No help for farmers
bull Foreign Policy
The Red Scarebull Revolution in Russia brought the Communists to power
bull Many Americans frustrated by big business owners joined the Communist Party
bull Thousands of strikes in 1919 and 1920
bull Bombs were sent to government and business leaders
Anti-Immigration
bull Cause Red Scare ndash Belief of the early 20rsquos that Communists would try to take over the US
bull A Mitchell Palmer ndash leader of Red Scare
bull Open immigration Rise of new Ku Klux Klan
bull New Immigrants most affected by the Red Scare
bull Return of Nativism
bull KKK grows to over 5 million people
The Palmer Raids
bull A Mitchell Palmer Attorney General ordered raids to hunt down suspected Communists
bull Civil rights were ignored
bullAgents searched without a search warrant
bull People were arrested and held without trial
bull Immigrants were deported
bull at this time W Wilson was gravely ill following a stroke
bull his Attorney General A Mitchell Palmer wanted to take a shot at the presidency - he used fears of both immigrants and communism to his advantage
bull he had J Edgar Hoover round up suspected radicals many of which were deported (Palmer Raids)
The KKK Rises Again
Wantagh LI
Babylon LI Mineola LI Washington DC
bull The Ku Klux Klan rises to power again ndash believed in 100 Americanism
Targetedbull Blacksbull Immigrantsbull Jewsbull Roman Catholics
KKK in Washington 1925
The Ku Klux KlanGreat increase
In power
Anti-black
Anti-immigrant
Anti-womenrsquos suffrage
Anti-bootleggers
Anti-Semitic
Anti-Catholic
Effects of Anti-Immigration
bull Court Case Sacco amp Vanzetti ndash two radical Italian immigrants were arrested convicted and executed for murder
Sacco and Vanzetti (1927)
bullAnarchist Italian immigrants convicted of murderbull Not given fair trialbull Executed bullCleared of charges in 1977
A Society in Conflictbull Anti-immigrant
ndash National Origins Act
ndash Discrimination
Sacco-Vanzetti Trial
ndash Italian immigrants
ndash Unfair trial
bull for immigrants ndash the point of origin had shifted to S amp E Europe and new religions appeared Jewish Orthodox Catholic
bull N European immigrants of early 19c feared this shift and felt it would undermine Protestant values
bull this fear was known as NATIVISMbull many wanted Congress to restrict
immigration leading to a quota system that favoured n areas of Europe
bull fear of immigrants (from SE Europe) led to a sentiment known as the Red Scare (fear of comm post-Bolshevik Rev)
bull basic comm advocates a intl revolution by the proletariatworkers -fears that this ideology could find its way into the US
Effects of Anti-Immigration
bull Immigration controls
bull Emergency Quota act
(1921) amp National
Quota Act (1924)
bull Limit the number of
Immigrants from
ldquodangerousrdquo countries
Laissez-faire
bull Return the power
of big business
bull Government
crackdown on
labor unions
-labor unions seen
as communist
supporters
Global Policies
bull The United States hope to become isolationist again
Small Towns v Big Cities
bull 1920 Census
bull gt50 of all
Americans lived in Cities
bull Farmers less
Important
Fundamentalism
bull Religious movement
of the era that
hoped to restore the
morality of America
bull Supporters Rural areas
Scopes Monkey Trial
bull Evolution vs The Bible
bull Science City
bull Bible Rural
bull Evolution is Darwinrsquos Theory that man evolved over time from monkeys
bull The Bible teaches creationism ndash God created man and all the world
Scopes ldquoMonkeyrdquo TrialEvolution vs Creationism
Dayton TennesseeFamous Lawyers
Science vs Religion
John Scopes
High School Biology teacher
SCOPES TRIAL
In March 1925 Tennessee passed the nationrsquos first law that made it a crime to teach evolution
John Scopes arrested
Scopes was a biology teacher who
dared to teach his students that man
derived from lower species
Fundamentalism
bull Scopes Monkey Trial ndash a science teacher from Tennessee wanted to teach evolution but the school would not allow it and he sued
bull ACLU ndash American Civil Liberties Union backed the teacher
bull William Jennings Bryan represented the creationist
bull Clarence Darrow represented the evolutionist
Scopes Trial
bull Fundamentalists believed the Bible was literally true and without error
bull They rejected Darwinrsquos theory of evolution
bull Evolution ndash human beings had developed from lower forms of life over the course of millions of year
bull The creationists won the trial but because of the trial the Fundamentalists fell out of favor
Scopes was found guilty and fined $100
Scopes Monkey Trial
Prohibition18th Amendment Volstead Act
Gangsters
Al Capone
Prohibition
bull The 18th amendment ndash banned the production and sale of alcohol
bull The Volstead Act ndash enforcing Prohibition became the responsibility of the US Treasury Department
bull Granted federal and state governments the power to enforce Prohibition
PROHIBITION
18th Amendment in 1920
illegal to make sell or transport liquor
Prohibition lasted from 1920
to 1933 when it was repealed
by the 21st Amendment
bull PROHIBITION - on manuf and sale of alcohol
bull adopted in 1919 - 18th AMENDMENT
bull an outgrowth of the longtime temperance movement
bull in WWI temperance became a patriotic mvmt - drunkenness caused low productivity amp inefficiency and alcohol needed to treat the wounded
bull a difficult law to enforce organized crime speakeasies bootleggers were on the rise
bull Al Capone virtually controlled Chicago in this period -capitalism at its zenithhellip
bull Prohibition finally ended in 1933 w the 21st Amendment
bull forced organized crime to pursue other interestshellip
Prohibitionbull Speakeasies ndash secret bars where you could buy
alcohol
bull Crime was glamorized and became big business Some gangsters had enough money to corrupt local politicians (organized crime)
bull Al Capone ndash one of the most successful and violent gangsters of the time
bull Bonnie and Clyde Baby Faced Nelson John Dillinger all famous during this time period
bull The Twenty-first Amendment ended Prohibition
The Speakeasy
Al Capone
Bootlegged whiskey from Canada
ran a network of 10000 speakeasies
made $60 million in bootlegging
He killed off the competition (literally)
Rise of organized crime and the Mob
bullProhibition caused a RISE in crime and lawlessness not a decrease
bull21st Amendment repeals Prohibition
Why Prohibition Failed
1Unpopular
2Led to organized crime
3Death due to poor quality alcohol
4Under funded and hard to enforce
1500 agents were responsible for enforcing
Al Capone
THE TWENTIES WOMAN
After World War I Americans were looking for a little fun in the 1920s
Chicago
1926
Why were women able to become more independent after WWI
bull 1920s also brought about great changes for women
bull 1920 - 19th Amendment gave them the federal vote
bull after 1920 social circumstances changed too as more women worked outside the home
bull and more women went to college and clamoured to join the professions
bull women didnt want to sacrifice wartime gains -amounted to a social revolt
bull characterized by the FLAPPER new womanndash (bobbed hair short dresses
smoked in public)
19th Amendment (1920)
NEW ROLES FOR WOMEN
bull More women workingndash Usually single or widowed womenndash Many women entered the workplace as nurses
teachers librarians amp secretariesndash Income to spend
bull Technology made life easierndash Stoves refrigerators vacuum cleanershellip
bull Margaret Sangerndash Birth control movementndash Family size decreases
Traditional Role of Women
bull Flappers A young woman with short skirts and rouged cheeks who had her hair cropped close in a style known as a bob
bull Women gained the right to vote with passage of the nineteenth amendment
THE FLAPPER
A Flapper was a young woman who embraced the new fashions and urban attitudes
Wanted independence
Rebelled against traditional roles
The 20rsquos is The Jazz AgeThe Flappers
make up
cigarettes
short skirts
MusiciansLouis Armstrong
Duke Ellington
WritersF Scott Fitzgerald
Ernest Hemingway
Culture of the Roaring 20rsquosRadio
KDKA Pittsburgh
GE Westinghouseamp RCA
form NBC
Silent Movies
Charlie Chaplin
ldquoTalkiesrdquoThe Jazz SingerStarring Al Jolson
Mary PickfordldquoAmericarsquos Sweetheartrdquo
Cultural Innovations
bull Talking picture ndash The Jazz Singer ndash was produced and the golden age of Hollywood began
bull Mass media ndash radio movies newspapers and magazines aimed at a broad audience ndash did more than just entertain
bull They helped to broaden peoplersquos interests and fostered a sense of shared national experience
ENTERTAINMENT AND ARTS
First sound movies Jazz Singer (1927)
First animated with sound Steamboat Willie (1928)
By 1930 millions ofAmericans went to the movies each week
Walt Disneys animated Steamboat
Willie marked the debut of Mickey
Mouse It was a seven minute long
black and white cartoon
African American Culture
bull The Great Migration ndash hundreds of thousands of African Americans move from the rural South to industrial cities in the North
bull Harlem Renaissance ndash African Americans created an environment that stimulated artistic development racial pride and a sense of community
bull Langston Hughes (writer) Louis Armstrong (trumpet player) Duke Ellington (bandleader)
Harlem Renaissance
In the 1920s it was home to a literary and artistic revival known as the Harlem Renaissance
WHAT MADE THE HARLEM RENAISSANCE POSSIBLE
Between 1910 and 1920 the Great Migration saw hundreds of thousands of African Americans move north to big cities
Migration of the Negro by
Jacob Lawrence
Harlem Renaissancebull Writers
ndash Langston Hughes (Poet)ndash Zora Neale Hurston (Writer)
bull Famous Jazz Musiciansndash ldquoDukerdquo Ellington ndash Louis Armstrong ndash Bessie Smith
bull Cotton Club famous Jazz Club in Harlemndash Blacks usually denied admission
Black Nationalism
bull Pan-Africanism aimed to unite people of African descent worldwide
bull Marcus Garvey
Universal Negro Improvement Associationndash Aims African-American
economic independence amp a Black homeland in Africa
bull Marcus Garvey (Jamaican born immigrant) established the Universal Negro Improvement Association
bull believed in Black pride
bull advocated racial segregation bc of Black superiority
bull Garvey believed Blacks should return to Africa
bull he purchased a ship to start the Black Star line
bull attracted many investments govt charged him with wfraud
bull he was found guilty and eventually deported to Jamaica but his organization continued to exist
CelebritiesBabe Ruth ampTy Cobb
Jack Dempsey
Charles Lindbergh
The Spirit of St Louis
Notables
bull Charles Lindbergh ndash first to fly across the Atlantic
bull Babe Ruth ndash may be the best known baseball player
bull Henry Ford ndash the assembly line his most important invention also developed the Model T ford
bull Welfare capitalism ndash Companies allowed workers to buy stock participate in profit sharing and receive benefits such as medical care and pensions
Notables
bull Open shop ndash a workplace where employees were not required to join a union
bull In 1920 Westinghouse Company broadcast one of the first public broadcast in history
bull 1926 National Broadcasting Company (NBC) established a permanent network of stations to distribute daily programs
bull 1928 Columbia Broadcasting System (CBS) assembled a coast-to-coast network of stations
Slides
bull Some of the slides used came from a internet site Please be aware that I am using them for educational purposes and they may not be usable due to copyright laws
Early 20rsquos Return to Normalcy
bull Belief that America needed to return to a ldquonormal liferdquo after the war
bull Normalcy=Pre-Progressivism
bull Political Corruption
bull Anti-Immigration
bull Laissez-faire
bull Isolation
bull Fundamentalism (Religious)
Republican Powerbull President
Harding
bull Elected 1920
bull Legacy of Scandals
bull ldquoTeapot Domerdquo
bull Died in office
Political Corruption
bull President Hardingrsquos presidency is marked by scandal
bull Teapot Dome Scandal Government officials gave government land to oil company
bull Prohibition Smuggling alcohol and speakeasies appear and government officials are bribed and corrupted
bull The age of Al Capone ndash well known gangster
ldquoI have no trouble with my enemieshellipBut my damned friendshelliptheyrsquore the ones that keep me
walking the floor nightsrdquo
The Teapot Dome Scandal
Teapot Dome
bull Secret leasing of federal oil reserves by the secretary of the interior Albert Bacon Fall
bull Warren G Harding transferred supervision of the naval oil-reserve lands from the navy to the Department of the Interior in 1921
bull All secretly granted to Harry F Sinclair of the Mammoth Oil Company exclusive rights to the Teapot Dome (Wyoming) reserves (April 7 1922) He granted similar rights to Edward L Deheny of Pan American Petroleum Company for the Elk Hills and Buena Vista Hills reserves in California (1921ndash22)
Teapot Dome Continued
bull Shortly after the signing of the Teapot Dome lease Fall and members of his family had received from an unknown source more than $200000 in Liberty bonds under circumstances indicating that the bonds came from a company organized by Sinclair
bull Prior to the execution of the Pan American contracts and leases Doheny at Fallrsquos request sent $100000 in currency to Fall as a ldquoloanrdquo that had not been repaid
Political Change
bull The Teapot Dome Scandal bothered Harding so much that he ended up having a heart attack and dying
bull Calvin Coolidge succeeded Harding as President in 1923 and the US started to prosper under his leadership
President CoolidgeldquoThe business of America is businessrdquo
bull Fordney-McCumber Tariff
bull Smoot-Hawley Tariff
bull No help for farmers
bull Foreign Policy
The Red Scarebull Revolution in Russia brought the Communists to power
bull Many Americans frustrated by big business owners joined the Communist Party
bull Thousands of strikes in 1919 and 1920
bull Bombs were sent to government and business leaders
Anti-Immigration
bull Cause Red Scare ndash Belief of the early 20rsquos that Communists would try to take over the US
bull A Mitchell Palmer ndash leader of Red Scare
bull Open immigration Rise of new Ku Klux Klan
bull New Immigrants most affected by the Red Scare
bull Return of Nativism
bull KKK grows to over 5 million people
The Palmer Raids
bull A Mitchell Palmer Attorney General ordered raids to hunt down suspected Communists
bull Civil rights were ignored
bullAgents searched without a search warrant
bull People were arrested and held without trial
bull Immigrants were deported
bull at this time W Wilson was gravely ill following a stroke
bull his Attorney General A Mitchell Palmer wanted to take a shot at the presidency - he used fears of both immigrants and communism to his advantage
bull he had J Edgar Hoover round up suspected radicals many of which were deported (Palmer Raids)
The KKK Rises Again
Wantagh LI
Babylon LI Mineola LI Washington DC
bull The Ku Klux Klan rises to power again ndash believed in 100 Americanism
Targetedbull Blacksbull Immigrantsbull Jewsbull Roman Catholics
KKK in Washington 1925
The Ku Klux KlanGreat increase
In power
Anti-black
Anti-immigrant
Anti-womenrsquos suffrage
Anti-bootleggers
Anti-Semitic
Anti-Catholic
Effects of Anti-Immigration
bull Court Case Sacco amp Vanzetti ndash two radical Italian immigrants were arrested convicted and executed for murder
Sacco and Vanzetti (1927)
bullAnarchist Italian immigrants convicted of murderbull Not given fair trialbull Executed bullCleared of charges in 1977
A Society in Conflictbull Anti-immigrant
ndash National Origins Act
ndash Discrimination
Sacco-Vanzetti Trial
ndash Italian immigrants
ndash Unfair trial
bull for immigrants ndash the point of origin had shifted to S amp E Europe and new religions appeared Jewish Orthodox Catholic
bull N European immigrants of early 19c feared this shift and felt it would undermine Protestant values
bull this fear was known as NATIVISMbull many wanted Congress to restrict
immigration leading to a quota system that favoured n areas of Europe
bull fear of immigrants (from SE Europe) led to a sentiment known as the Red Scare (fear of comm post-Bolshevik Rev)
bull basic comm advocates a intl revolution by the proletariatworkers -fears that this ideology could find its way into the US
Effects of Anti-Immigration
bull Immigration controls
bull Emergency Quota act
(1921) amp National
Quota Act (1924)
bull Limit the number of
Immigrants from
ldquodangerousrdquo countries
Laissez-faire
bull Return the power
of big business
bull Government
crackdown on
labor unions
-labor unions seen
as communist
supporters
Global Policies
bull The United States hope to become isolationist again
Small Towns v Big Cities
bull 1920 Census
bull gt50 of all
Americans lived in Cities
bull Farmers less
Important
Fundamentalism
bull Religious movement
of the era that
hoped to restore the
morality of America
bull Supporters Rural areas
Scopes Monkey Trial
bull Evolution vs The Bible
bull Science City
bull Bible Rural
bull Evolution is Darwinrsquos Theory that man evolved over time from monkeys
bull The Bible teaches creationism ndash God created man and all the world
Scopes ldquoMonkeyrdquo TrialEvolution vs Creationism
Dayton TennesseeFamous Lawyers
Science vs Religion
John Scopes
High School Biology teacher
SCOPES TRIAL
In March 1925 Tennessee passed the nationrsquos first law that made it a crime to teach evolution
John Scopes arrested
Scopes was a biology teacher who
dared to teach his students that man
derived from lower species
Fundamentalism
bull Scopes Monkey Trial ndash a science teacher from Tennessee wanted to teach evolution but the school would not allow it and he sued
bull ACLU ndash American Civil Liberties Union backed the teacher
bull William Jennings Bryan represented the creationist
bull Clarence Darrow represented the evolutionist
Scopes Trial
bull Fundamentalists believed the Bible was literally true and without error
bull They rejected Darwinrsquos theory of evolution
bull Evolution ndash human beings had developed from lower forms of life over the course of millions of year
bull The creationists won the trial but because of the trial the Fundamentalists fell out of favor
Scopes was found guilty and fined $100
Scopes Monkey Trial
Prohibition18th Amendment Volstead Act
Gangsters
Al Capone
Prohibition
bull The 18th amendment ndash banned the production and sale of alcohol
bull The Volstead Act ndash enforcing Prohibition became the responsibility of the US Treasury Department
bull Granted federal and state governments the power to enforce Prohibition
PROHIBITION
18th Amendment in 1920
illegal to make sell or transport liquor
Prohibition lasted from 1920
to 1933 when it was repealed
by the 21st Amendment
bull PROHIBITION - on manuf and sale of alcohol
bull adopted in 1919 - 18th AMENDMENT
bull an outgrowth of the longtime temperance movement
bull in WWI temperance became a patriotic mvmt - drunkenness caused low productivity amp inefficiency and alcohol needed to treat the wounded
bull a difficult law to enforce organized crime speakeasies bootleggers were on the rise
bull Al Capone virtually controlled Chicago in this period -capitalism at its zenithhellip
bull Prohibition finally ended in 1933 w the 21st Amendment
bull forced organized crime to pursue other interestshellip
Prohibitionbull Speakeasies ndash secret bars where you could buy
alcohol
bull Crime was glamorized and became big business Some gangsters had enough money to corrupt local politicians (organized crime)
bull Al Capone ndash one of the most successful and violent gangsters of the time
bull Bonnie and Clyde Baby Faced Nelson John Dillinger all famous during this time period
bull The Twenty-first Amendment ended Prohibition
The Speakeasy
Al Capone
Bootlegged whiskey from Canada
ran a network of 10000 speakeasies
made $60 million in bootlegging
He killed off the competition (literally)
Rise of organized crime and the Mob
bullProhibition caused a RISE in crime and lawlessness not a decrease
bull21st Amendment repeals Prohibition
Why Prohibition Failed
1Unpopular
2Led to organized crime
3Death due to poor quality alcohol
4Under funded and hard to enforce
1500 agents were responsible for enforcing
Al Capone
THE TWENTIES WOMAN
After World War I Americans were looking for a little fun in the 1920s
Chicago
1926
Why were women able to become more independent after WWI
bull 1920s also brought about great changes for women
bull 1920 - 19th Amendment gave them the federal vote
bull after 1920 social circumstances changed too as more women worked outside the home
bull and more women went to college and clamoured to join the professions
bull women didnt want to sacrifice wartime gains -amounted to a social revolt
bull characterized by the FLAPPER new womanndash (bobbed hair short dresses
smoked in public)
19th Amendment (1920)
NEW ROLES FOR WOMEN
bull More women workingndash Usually single or widowed womenndash Many women entered the workplace as nurses
teachers librarians amp secretariesndash Income to spend
bull Technology made life easierndash Stoves refrigerators vacuum cleanershellip
bull Margaret Sangerndash Birth control movementndash Family size decreases
Traditional Role of Women
bull Flappers A young woman with short skirts and rouged cheeks who had her hair cropped close in a style known as a bob
bull Women gained the right to vote with passage of the nineteenth amendment
THE FLAPPER
A Flapper was a young woman who embraced the new fashions and urban attitudes
Wanted independence
Rebelled against traditional roles
The 20rsquos is The Jazz AgeThe Flappers
make up
cigarettes
short skirts
MusiciansLouis Armstrong
Duke Ellington
WritersF Scott Fitzgerald
Ernest Hemingway
Culture of the Roaring 20rsquosRadio
KDKA Pittsburgh
GE Westinghouseamp RCA
form NBC
Silent Movies
Charlie Chaplin
ldquoTalkiesrdquoThe Jazz SingerStarring Al Jolson
Mary PickfordldquoAmericarsquos Sweetheartrdquo
Cultural Innovations
bull Talking picture ndash The Jazz Singer ndash was produced and the golden age of Hollywood began
bull Mass media ndash radio movies newspapers and magazines aimed at a broad audience ndash did more than just entertain
bull They helped to broaden peoplersquos interests and fostered a sense of shared national experience
ENTERTAINMENT AND ARTS
First sound movies Jazz Singer (1927)
First animated with sound Steamboat Willie (1928)
By 1930 millions ofAmericans went to the movies each week
Walt Disneys animated Steamboat
Willie marked the debut of Mickey
Mouse It was a seven minute long
black and white cartoon
African American Culture
bull The Great Migration ndash hundreds of thousands of African Americans move from the rural South to industrial cities in the North
bull Harlem Renaissance ndash African Americans created an environment that stimulated artistic development racial pride and a sense of community
bull Langston Hughes (writer) Louis Armstrong (trumpet player) Duke Ellington (bandleader)
Harlem Renaissance
In the 1920s it was home to a literary and artistic revival known as the Harlem Renaissance
WHAT MADE THE HARLEM RENAISSANCE POSSIBLE
Between 1910 and 1920 the Great Migration saw hundreds of thousands of African Americans move north to big cities
Migration of the Negro by
Jacob Lawrence
Harlem Renaissancebull Writers
ndash Langston Hughes (Poet)ndash Zora Neale Hurston (Writer)
bull Famous Jazz Musiciansndash ldquoDukerdquo Ellington ndash Louis Armstrong ndash Bessie Smith
bull Cotton Club famous Jazz Club in Harlemndash Blacks usually denied admission
Black Nationalism
bull Pan-Africanism aimed to unite people of African descent worldwide
bull Marcus Garvey
Universal Negro Improvement Associationndash Aims African-American
economic independence amp a Black homeland in Africa
bull Marcus Garvey (Jamaican born immigrant) established the Universal Negro Improvement Association
bull believed in Black pride
bull advocated racial segregation bc of Black superiority
bull Garvey believed Blacks should return to Africa
bull he purchased a ship to start the Black Star line
bull attracted many investments govt charged him with wfraud
bull he was found guilty and eventually deported to Jamaica but his organization continued to exist
CelebritiesBabe Ruth ampTy Cobb
Jack Dempsey
Charles Lindbergh
The Spirit of St Louis
Notables
bull Charles Lindbergh ndash first to fly across the Atlantic
bull Babe Ruth ndash may be the best known baseball player
bull Henry Ford ndash the assembly line his most important invention also developed the Model T ford
bull Welfare capitalism ndash Companies allowed workers to buy stock participate in profit sharing and receive benefits such as medical care and pensions
Notables
bull Open shop ndash a workplace where employees were not required to join a union
bull In 1920 Westinghouse Company broadcast one of the first public broadcast in history
bull 1926 National Broadcasting Company (NBC) established a permanent network of stations to distribute daily programs
bull 1928 Columbia Broadcasting System (CBS) assembled a coast-to-coast network of stations
Slides
bull Some of the slides used came from a internet site Please be aware that I am using them for educational purposes and they may not be usable due to copyright laws
Republican Powerbull President
Harding
bull Elected 1920
bull Legacy of Scandals
bull ldquoTeapot Domerdquo
bull Died in office
Political Corruption
bull President Hardingrsquos presidency is marked by scandal
bull Teapot Dome Scandal Government officials gave government land to oil company
bull Prohibition Smuggling alcohol and speakeasies appear and government officials are bribed and corrupted
bull The age of Al Capone ndash well known gangster
ldquoI have no trouble with my enemieshellipBut my damned friendshelliptheyrsquore the ones that keep me
walking the floor nightsrdquo
The Teapot Dome Scandal
Teapot Dome
bull Secret leasing of federal oil reserves by the secretary of the interior Albert Bacon Fall
bull Warren G Harding transferred supervision of the naval oil-reserve lands from the navy to the Department of the Interior in 1921
bull All secretly granted to Harry F Sinclair of the Mammoth Oil Company exclusive rights to the Teapot Dome (Wyoming) reserves (April 7 1922) He granted similar rights to Edward L Deheny of Pan American Petroleum Company for the Elk Hills and Buena Vista Hills reserves in California (1921ndash22)
Teapot Dome Continued
bull Shortly after the signing of the Teapot Dome lease Fall and members of his family had received from an unknown source more than $200000 in Liberty bonds under circumstances indicating that the bonds came from a company organized by Sinclair
bull Prior to the execution of the Pan American contracts and leases Doheny at Fallrsquos request sent $100000 in currency to Fall as a ldquoloanrdquo that had not been repaid
Political Change
bull The Teapot Dome Scandal bothered Harding so much that he ended up having a heart attack and dying
bull Calvin Coolidge succeeded Harding as President in 1923 and the US started to prosper under his leadership
President CoolidgeldquoThe business of America is businessrdquo
bull Fordney-McCumber Tariff
bull Smoot-Hawley Tariff
bull No help for farmers
bull Foreign Policy
The Red Scarebull Revolution in Russia brought the Communists to power
bull Many Americans frustrated by big business owners joined the Communist Party
bull Thousands of strikes in 1919 and 1920
bull Bombs were sent to government and business leaders
Anti-Immigration
bull Cause Red Scare ndash Belief of the early 20rsquos that Communists would try to take over the US
bull A Mitchell Palmer ndash leader of Red Scare
bull Open immigration Rise of new Ku Klux Klan
bull New Immigrants most affected by the Red Scare
bull Return of Nativism
bull KKK grows to over 5 million people
The Palmer Raids
bull A Mitchell Palmer Attorney General ordered raids to hunt down suspected Communists
bull Civil rights were ignored
bullAgents searched without a search warrant
bull People were arrested and held without trial
bull Immigrants were deported
bull at this time W Wilson was gravely ill following a stroke
bull his Attorney General A Mitchell Palmer wanted to take a shot at the presidency - he used fears of both immigrants and communism to his advantage
bull he had J Edgar Hoover round up suspected radicals many of which were deported (Palmer Raids)
The KKK Rises Again
Wantagh LI
Babylon LI Mineola LI Washington DC
bull The Ku Klux Klan rises to power again ndash believed in 100 Americanism
Targetedbull Blacksbull Immigrantsbull Jewsbull Roman Catholics
KKK in Washington 1925
The Ku Klux KlanGreat increase
In power
Anti-black
Anti-immigrant
Anti-womenrsquos suffrage
Anti-bootleggers
Anti-Semitic
Anti-Catholic
Effects of Anti-Immigration
bull Court Case Sacco amp Vanzetti ndash two radical Italian immigrants were arrested convicted and executed for murder
Sacco and Vanzetti (1927)
bullAnarchist Italian immigrants convicted of murderbull Not given fair trialbull Executed bullCleared of charges in 1977
A Society in Conflictbull Anti-immigrant
ndash National Origins Act
ndash Discrimination
Sacco-Vanzetti Trial
ndash Italian immigrants
ndash Unfair trial
bull for immigrants ndash the point of origin had shifted to S amp E Europe and new religions appeared Jewish Orthodox Catholic
bull N European immigrants of early 19c feared this shift and felt it would undermine Protestant values
bull this fear was known as NATIVISMbull many wanted Congress to restrict
immigration leading to a quota system that favoured n areas of Europe
bull fear of immigrants (from SE Europe) led to a sentiment known as the Red Scare (fear of comm post-Bolshevik Rev)
bull basic comm advocates a intl revolution by the proletariatworkers -fears that this ideology could find its way into the US
Effects of Anti-Immigration
bull Immigration controls
bull Emergency Quota act
(1921) amp National
Quota Act (1924)
bull Limit the number of
Immigrants from
ldquodangerousrdquo countries
Laissez-faire
bull Return the power
of big business
bull Government
crackdown on
labor unions
-labor unions seen
as communist
supporters
Global Policies
bull The United States hope to become isolationist again
Small Towns v Big Cities
bull 1920 Census
bull gt50 of all
Americans lived in Cities
bull Farmers less
Important
Fundamentalism
bull Religious movement
of the era that
hoped to restore the
morality of America
bull Supporters Rural areas
Scopes Monkey Trial
bull Evolution vs The Bible
bull Science City
bull Bible Rural
bull Evolution is Darwinrsquos Theory that man evolved over time from monkeys
bull The Bible teaches creationism ndash God created man and all the world
Scopes ldquoMonkeyrdquo TrialEvolution vs Creationism
Dayton TennesseeFamous Lawyers
Science vs Religion
John Scopes
High School Biology teacher
SCOPES TRIAL
In March 1925 Tennessee passed the nationrsquos first law that made it a crime to teach evolution
John Scopes arrested
Scopes was a biology teacher who
dared to teach his students that man
derived from lower species
Fundamentalism
bull Scopes Monkey Trial ndash a science teacher from Tennessee wanted to teach evolution but the school would not allow it and he sued
bull ACLU ndash American Civil Liberties Union backed the teacher
bull William Jennings Bryan represented the creationist
bull Clarence Darrow represented the evolutionist
Scopes Trial
bull Fundamentalists believed the Bible was literally true and without error
bull They rejected Darwinrsquos theory of evolution
bull Evolution ndash human beings had developed from lower forms of life over the course of millions of year
bull The creationists won the trial but because of the trial the Fundamentalists fell out of favor
Scopes was found guilty and fined $100
Scopes Monkey Trial
Prohibition18th Amendment Volstead Act
Gangsters
Al Capone
Prohibition
bull The 18th amendment ndash banned the production and sale of alcohol
bull The Volstead Act ndash enforcing Prohibition became the responsibility of the US Treasury Department
bull Granted federal and state governments the power to enforce Prohibition
PROHIBITION
18th Amendment in 1920
illegal to make sell or transport liquor
Prohibition lasted from 1920
to 1933 when it was repealed
by the 21st Amendment
bull PROHIBITION - on manuf and sale of alcohol
bull adopted in 1919 - 18th AMENDMENT
bull an outgrowth of the longtime temperance movement
bull in WWI temperance became a patriotic mvmt - drunkenness caused low productivity amp inefficiency and alcohol needed to treat the wounded
bull a difficult law to enforce organized crime speakeasies bootleggers were on the rise
bull Al Capone virtually controlled Chicago in this period -capitalism at its zenithhellip
bull Prohibition finally ended in 1933 w the 21st Amendment
bull forced organized crime to pursue other interestshellip
Prohibitionbull Speakeasies ndash secret bars where you could buy
alcohol
bull Crime was glamorized and became big business Some gangsters had enough money to corrupt local politicians (organized crime)
bull Al Capone ndash one of the most successful and violent gangsters of the time
bull Bonnie and Clyde Baby Faced Nelson John Dillinger all famous during this time period
bull The Twenty-first Amendment ended Prohibition
The Speakeasy
Al Capone
Bootlegged whiskey from Canada
ran a network of 10000 speakeasies
made $60 million in bootlegging
He killed off the competition (literally)
Rise of organized crime and the Mob
bullProhibition caused a RISE in crime and lawlessness not a decrease
bull21st Amendment repeals Prohibition
Why Prohibition Failed
1Unpopular
2Led to organized crime
3Death due to poor quality alcohol
4Under funded and hard to enforce
1500 agents were responsible for enforcing
Al Capone
THE TWENTIES WOMAN
After World War I Americans were looking for a little fun in the 1920s
Chicago
1926
Why were women able to become more independent after WWI
bull 1920s also brought about great changes for women
bull 1920 - 19th Amendment gave them the federal vote
bull after 1920 social circumstances changed too as more women worked outside the home
bull and more women went to college and clamoured to join the professions
bull women didnt want to sacrifice wartime gains -amounted to a social revolt
bull characterized by the FLAPPER new womanndash (bobbed hair short dresses
smoked in public)
19th Amendment (1920)
NEW ROLES FOR WOMEN
bull More women workingndash Usually single or widowed womenndash Many women entered the workplace as nurses
teachers librarians amp secretariesndash Income to spend
bull Technology made life easierndash Stoves refrigerators vacuum cleanershellip
bull Margaret Sangerndash Birth control movementndash Family size decreases
Traditional Role of Women
bull Flappers A young woman with short skirts and rouged cheeks who had her hair cropped close in a style known as a bob
bull Women gained the right to vote with passage of the nineteenth amendment
THE FLAPPER
A Flapper was a young woman who embraced the new fashions and urban attitudes
Wanted independence
Rebelled against traditional roles
The 20rsquos is The Jazz AgeThe Flappers
make up
cigarettes
short skirts
MusiciansLouis Armstrong
Duke Ellington
WritersF Scott Fitzgerald
Ernest Hemingway
Culture of the Roaring 20rsquosRadio
KDKA Pittsburgh
GE Westinghouseamp RCA
form NBC
Silent Movies
Charlie Chaplin
ldquoTalkiesrdquoThe Jazz SingerStarring Al Jolson
Mary PickfordldquoAmericarsquos Sweetheartrdquo
Cultural Innovations
bull Talking picture ndash The Jazz Singer ndash was produced and the golden age of Hollywood began
bull Mass media ndash radio movies newspapers and magazines aimed at a broad audience ndash did more than just entertain
bull They helped to broaden peoplersquos interests and fostered a sense of shared national experience
ENTERTAINMENT AND ARTS
First sound movies Jazz Singer (1927)
First animated with sound Steamboat Willie (1928)
By 1930 millions ofAmericans went to the movies each week
Walt Disneys animated Steamboat
Willie marked the debut of Mickey
Mouse It was a seven minute long
black and white cartoon
African American Culture
bull The Great Migration ndash hundreds of thousands of African Americans move from the rural South to industrial cities in the North
bull Harlem Renaissance ndash African Americans created an environment that stimulated artistic development racial pride and a sense of community
bull Langston Hughes (writer) Louis Armstrong (trumpet player) Duke Ellington (bandleader)
Harlem Renaissance
In the 1920s it was home to a literary and artistic revival known as the Harlem Renaissance
WHAT MADE THE HARLEM RENAISSANCE POSSIBLE
Between 1910 and 1920 the Great Migration saw hundreds of thousands of African Americans move north to big cities
Migration of the Negro by
Jacob Lawrence
Harlem Renaissancebull Writers
ndash Langston Hughes (Poet)ndash Zora Neale Hurston (Writer)
bull Famous Jazz Musiciansndash ldquoDukerdquo Ellington ndash Louis Armstrong ndash Bessie Smith
bull Cotton Club famous Jazz Club in Harlemndash Blacks usually denied admission
Black Nationalism
bull Pan-Africanism aimed to unite people of African descent worldwide
bull Marcus Garvey
Universal Negro Improvement Associationndash Aims African-American
economic independence amp a Black homeland in Africa
bull Marcus Garvey (Jamaican born immigrant) established the Universal Negro Improvement Association
bull believed in Black pride
bull advocated racial segregation bc of Black superiority
bull Garvey believed Blacks should return to Africa
bull he purchased a ship to start the Black Star line
bull attracted many investments govt charged him with wfraud
bull he was found guilty and eventually deported to Jamaica but his organization continued to exist
CelebritiesBabe Ruth ampTy Cobb
Jack Dempsey
Charles Lindbergh
The Spirit of St Louis
Notables
bull Charles Lindbergh ndash first to fly across the Atlantic
bull Babe Ruth ndash may be the best known baseball player
bull Henry Ford ndash the assembly line his most important invention also developed the Model T ford
bull Welfare capitalism ndash Companies allowed workers to buy stock participate in profit sharing and receive benefits such as medical care and pensions
Notables
bull Open shop ndash a workplace where employees were not required to join a union
bull In 1920 Westinghouse Company broadcast one of the first public broadcast in history
bull 1926 National Broadcasting Company (NBC) established a permanent network of stations to distribute daily programs
bull 1928 Columbia Broadcasting System (CBS) assembled a coast-to-coast network of stations
Slides
bull Some of the slides used came from a internet site Please be aware that I am using them for educational purposes and they may not be usable due to copyright laws
Political Corruption
bull President Hardingrsquos presidency is marked by scandal
bull Teapot Dome Scandal Government officials gave government land to oil company
bull Prohibition Smuggling alcohol and speakeasies appear and government officials are bribed and corrupted
bull The age of Al Capone ndash well known gangster
ldquoI have no trouble with my enemieshellipBut my damned friendshelliptheyrsquore the ones that keep me
walking the floor nightsrdquo
The Teapot Dome Scandal
Teapot Dome
bull Secret leasing of federal oil reserves by the secretary of the interior Albert Bacon Fall
bull Warren G Harding transferred supervision of the naval oil-reserve lands from the navy to the Department of the Interior in 1921
bull All secretly granted to Harry F Sinclair of the Mammoth Oil Company exclusive rights to the Teapot Dome (Wyoming) reserves (April 7 1922) He granted similar rights to Edward L Deheny of Pan American Petroleum Company for the Elk Hills and Buena Vista Hills reserves in California (1921ndash22)
Teapot Dome Continued
bull Shortly after the signing of the Teapot Dome lease Fall and members of his family had received from an unknown source more than $200000 in Liberty bonds under circumstances indicating that the bonds came from a company organized by Sinclair
bull Prior to the execution of the Pan American contracts and leases Doheny at Fallrsquos request sent $100000 in currency to Fall as a ldquoloanrdquo that had not been repaid
Political Change
bull The Teapot Dome Scandal bothered Harding so much that he ended up having a heart attack and dying
bull Calvin Coolidge succeeded Harding as President in 1923 and the US started to prosper under his leadership
President CoolidgeldquoThe business of America is businessrdquo
bull Fordney-McCumber Tariff
bull Smoot-Hawley Tariff
bull No help for farmers
bull Foreign Policy
The Red Scarebull Revolution in Russia brought the Communists to power
bull Many Americans frustrated by big business owners joined the Communist Party
bull Thousands of strikes in 1919 and 1920
bull Bombs were sent to government and business leaders
Anti-Immigration
bull Cause Red Scare ndash Belief of the early 20rsquos that Communists would try to take over the US
bull A Mitchell Palmer ndash leader of Red Scare
bull Open immigration Rise of new Ku Klux Klan
bull New Immigrants most affected by the Red Scare
bull Return of Nativism
bull KKK grows to over 5 million people
The Palmer Raids
bull A Mitchell Palmer Attorney General ordered raids to hunt down suspected Communists
bull Civil rights were ignored
bullAgents searched without a search warrant
bull People were arrested and held without trial
bull Immigrants were deported
bull at this time W Wilson was gravely ill following a stroke
bull his Attorney General A Mitchell Palmer wanted to take a shot at the presidency - he used fears of both immigrants and communism to his advantage
bull he had J Edgar Hoover round up suspected radicals many of which were deported (Palmer Raids)
The KKK Rises Again
Wantagh LI
Babylon LI Mineola LI Washington DC
bull The Ku Klux Klan rises to power again ndash believed in 100 Americanism
Targetedbull Blacksbull Immigrantsbull Jewsbull Roman Catholics
KKK in Washington 1925
The Ku Klux KlanGreat increase
In power
Anti-black
Anti-immigrant
Anti-womenrsquos suffrage
Anti-bootleggers
Anti-Semitic
Anti-Catholic
Effects of Anti-Immigration
bull Court Case Sacco amp Vanzetti ndash two radical Italian immigrants were arrested convicted and executed for murder
Sacco and Vanzetti (1927)
bullAnarchist Italian immigrants convicted of murderbull Not given fair trialbull Executed bullCleared of charges in 1977
A Society in Conflictbull Anti-immigrant
ndash National Origins Act
ndash Discrimination
Sacco-Vanzetti Trial
ndash Italian immigrants
ndash Unfair trial
bull for immigrants ndash the point of origin had shifted to S amp E Europe and new religions appeared Jewish Orthodox Catholic
bull N European immigrants of early 19c feared this shift and felt it would undermine Protestant values
bull this fear was known as NATIVISMbull many wanted Congress to restrict
immigration leading to a quota system that favoured n areas of Europe
bull fear of immigrants (from SE Europe) led to a sentiment known as the Red Scare (fear of comm post-Bolshevik Rev)
bull basic comm advocates a intl revolution by the proletariatworkers -fears that this ideology could find its way into the US
Effects of Anti-Immigration
bull Immigration controls
bull Emergency Quota act
(1921) amp National
Quota Act (1924)
bull Limit the number of
Immigrants from
ldquodangerousrdquo countries
Laissez-faire
bull Return the power
of big business
bull Government
crackdown on
labor unions
-labor unions seen
as communist
supporters
Global Policies
bull The United States hope to become isolationist again
Small Towns v Big Cities
bull 1920 Census
bull gt50 of all
Americans lived in Cities
bull Farmers less
Important
Fundamentalism
bull Religious movement
of the era that
hoped to restore the
morality of America
bull Supporters Rural areas
Scopes Monkey Trial
bull Evolution vs The Bible
bull Science City
bull Bible Rural
bull Evolution is Darwinrsquos Theory that man evolved over time from monkeys
bull The Bible teaches creationism ndash God created man and all the world
Scopes ldquoMonkeyrdquo TrialEvolution vs Creationism
Dayton TennesseeFamous Lawyers
Science vs Religion
John Scopes
High School Biology teacher
SCOPES TRIAL
In March 1925 Tennessee passed the nationrsquos first law that made it a crime to teach evolution
John Scopes arrested
Scopes was a biology teacher who
dared to teach his students that man
derived from lower species
Fundamentalism
bull Scopes Monkey Trial ndash a science teacher from Tennessee wanted to teach evolution but the school would not allow it and he sued
bull ACLU ndash American Civil Liberties Union backed the teacher
bull William Jennings Bryan represented the creationist
bull Clarence Darrow represented the evolutionist
Scopes Trial
bull Fundamentalists believed the Bible was literally true and without error
bull They rejected Darwinrsquos theory of evolution
bull Evolution ndash human beings had developed from lower forms of life over the course of millions of year
bull The creationists won the trial but because of the trial the Fundamentalists fell out of favor
Scopes was found guilty and fined $100
Scopes Monkey Trial
Prohibition18th Amendment Volstead Act
Gangsters
Al Capone
Prohibition
bull The 18th amendment ndash banned the production and sale of alcohol
bull The Volstead Act ndash enforcing Prohibition became the responsibility of the US Treasury Department
bull Granted federal and state governments the power to enforce Prohibition
PROHIBITION
18th Amendment in 1920
illegal to make sell or transport liquor
Prohibition lasted from 1920
to 1933 when it was repealed
by the 21st Amendment
bull PROHIBITION - on manuf and sale of alcohol
bull adopted in 1919 - 18th AMENDMENT
bull an outgrowth of the longtime temperance movement
bull in WWI temperance became a patriotic mvmt - drunkenness caused low productivity amp inefficiency and alcohol needed to treat the wounded
bull a difficult law to enforce organized crime speakeasies bootleggers were on the rise
bull Al Capone virtually controlled Chicago in this period -capitalism at its zenithhellip
bull Prohibition finally ended in 1933 w the 21st Amendment
bull forced organized crime to pursue other interestshellip
Prohibitionbull Speakeasies ndash secret bars where you could buy
alcohol
bull Crime was glamorized and became big business Some gangsters had enough money to corrupt local politicians (organized crime)
bull Al Capone ndash one of the most successful and violent gangsters of the time
bull Bonnie and Clyde Baby Faced Nelson John Dillinger all famous during this time period
bull The Twenty-first Amendment ended Prohibition
The Speakeasy
Al Capone
Bootlegged whiskey from Canada
ran a network of 10000 speakeasies
made $60 million in bootlegging
He killed off the competition (literally)
Rise of organized crime and the Mob
bullProhibition caused a RISE in crime and lawlessness not a decrease
bull21st Amendment repeals Prohibition
Why Prohibition Failed
1Unpopular
2Led to organized crime
3Death due to poor quality alcohol
4Under funded and hard to enforce
1500 agents were responsible for enforcing
Al Capone
THE TWENTIES WOMAN
After World War I Americans were looking for a little fun in the 1920s
Chicago
1926
Why were women able to become more independent after WWI
bull 1920s also brought about great changes for women
bull 1920 - 19th Amendment gave them the federal vote
bull after 1920 social circumstances changed too as more women worked outside the home
bull and more women went to college and clamoured to join the professions
bull women didnt want to sacrifice wartime gains -amounted to a social revolt
bull characterized by the FLAPPER new womanndash (bobbed hair short dresses
smoked in public)
19th Amendment (1920)
NEW ROLES FOR WOMEN
bull More women workingndash Usually single or widowed womenndash Many women entered the workplace as nurses
teachers librarians amp secretariesndash Income to spend
bull Technology made life easierndash Stoves refrigerators vacuum cleanershellip
bull Margaret Sangerndash Birth control movementndash Family size decreases
Traditional Role of Women
bull Flappers A young woman with short skirts and rouged cheeks who had her hair cropped close in a style known as a bob
bull Women gained the right to vote with passage of the nineteenth amendment
THE FLAPPER
A Flapper was a young woman who embraced the new fashions and urban attitudes
Wanted independence
Rebelled against traditional roles
The 20rsquos is The Jazz AgeThe Flappers
make up
cigarettes
short skirts
MusiciansLouis Armstrong
Duke Ellington
WritersF Scott Fitzgerald
Ernest Hemingway
Culture of the Roaring 20rsquosRadio
KDKA Pittsburgh
GE Westinghouseamp RCA
form NBC
Silent Movies
Charlie Chaplin
ldquoTalkiesrdquoThe Jazz SingerStarring Al Jolson
Mary PickfordldquoAmericarsquos Sweetheartrdquo
Cultural Innovations
bull Talking picture ndash The Jazz Singer ndash was produced and the golden age of Hollywood began
bull Mass media ndash radio movies newspapers and magazines aimed at a broad audience ndash did more than just entertain
bull They helped to broaden peoplersquos interests and fostered a sense of shared national experience
ENTERTAINMENT AND ARTS
First sound movies Jazz Singer (1927)
First animated with sound Steamboat Willie (1928)
By 1930 millions ofAmericans went to the movies each week
Walt Disneys animated Steamboat
Willie marked the debut of Mickey
Mouse It was a seven minute long
black and white cartoon
African American Culture
bull The Great Migration ndash hundreds of thousands of African Americans move from the rural South to industrial cities in the North
bull Harlem Renaissance ndash African Americans created an environment that stimulated artistic development racial pride and a sense of community
bull Langston Hughes (writer) Louis Armstrong (trumpet player) Duke Ellington (bandleader)
Harlem Renaissance
In the 1920s it was home to a literary and artistic revival known as the Harlem Renaissance
WHAT MADE THE HARLEM RENAISSANCE POSSIBLE
Between 1910 and 1920 the Great Migration saw hundreds of thousands of African Americans move north to big cities
Migration of the Negro by
Jacob Lawrence
Harlem Renaissancebull Writers
ndash Langston Hughes (Poet)ndash Zora Neale Hurston (Writer)
bull Famous Jazz Musiciansndash ldquoDukerdquo Ellington ndash Louis Armstrong ndash Bessie Smith
bull Cotton Club famous Jazz Club in Harlemndash Blacks usually denied admission
Black Nationalism
bull Pan-Africanism aimed to unite people of African descent worldwide
bull Marcus Garvey
Universal Negro Improvement Associationndash Aims African-American
economic independence amp a Black homeland in Africa
bull Marcus Garvey (Jamaican born immigrant) established the Universal Negro Improvement Association
bull believed in Black pride
bull advocated racial segregation bc of Black superiority
bull Garvey believed Blacks should return to Africa
bull he purchased a ship to start the Black Star line
bull attracted many investments govt charged him with wfraud
bull he was found guilty and eventually deported to Jamaica but his organization continued to exist
CelebritiesBabe Ruth ampTy Cobb
Jack Dempsey
Charles Lindbergh
The Spirit of St Louis
Notables
bull Charles Lindbergh ndash first to fly across the Atlantic
bull Babe Ruth ndash may be the best known baseball player
bull Henry Ford ndash the assembly line his most important invention also developed the Model T ford
bull Welfare capitalism ndash Companies allowed workers to buy stock participate in profit sharing and receive benefits such as medical care and pensions
Notables
bull Open shop ndash a workplace where employees were not required to join a union
bull In 1920 Westinghouse Company broadcast one of the first public broadcast in history
bull 1926 National Broadcasting Company (NBC) established a permanent network of stations to distribute daily programs
bull 1928 Columbia Broadcasting System (CBS) assembled a coast-to-coast network of stations
Slides
bull Some of the slides used came from a internet site Please be aware that I am using them for educational purposes and they may not be usable due to copyright laws
ldquoI have no trouble with my enemieshellipBut my damned friendshelliptheyrsquore the ones that keep me
walking the floor nightsrdquo
The Teapot Dome Scandal
Teapot Dome
bull Secret leasing of federal oil reserves by the secretary of the interior Albert Bacon Fall
bull Warren G Harding transferred supervision of the naval oil-reserve lands from the navy to the Department of the Interior in 1921
bull All secretly granted to Harry F Sinclair of the Mammoth Oil Company exclusive rights to the Teapot Dome (Wyoming) reserves (April 7 1922) He granted similar rights to Edward L Deheny of Pan American Petroleum Company for the Elk Hills and Buena Vista Hills reserves in California (1921ndash22)
Teapot Dome Continued
bull Shortly after the signing of the Teapot Dome lease Fall and members of his family had received from an unknown source more than $200000 in Liberty bonds under circumstances indicating that the bonds came from a company organized by Sinclair
bull Prior to the execution of the Pan American contracts and leases Doheny at Fallrsquos request sent $100000 in currency to Fall as a ldquoloanrdquo that had not been repaid
Political Change
bull The Teapot Dome Scandal bothered Harding so much that he ended up having a heart attack and dying
bull Calvin Coolidge succeeded Harding as President in 1923 and the US started to prosper under his leadership
President CoolidgeldquoThe business of America is businessrdquo
bull Fordney-McCumber Tariff
bull Smoot-Hawley Tariff
bull No help for farmers
bull Foreign Policy
The Red Scarebull Revolution in Russia brought the Communists to power
bull Many Americans frustrated by big business owners joined the Communist Party
bull Thousands of strikes in 1919 and 1920
bull Bombs were sent to government and business leaders
Anti-Immigration
bull Cause Red Scare ndash Belief of the early 20rsquos that Communists would try to take over the US
bull A Mitchell Palmer ndash leader of Red Scare
bull Open immigration Rise of new Ku Klux Klan
bull New Immigrants most affected by the Red Scare
bull Return of Nativism
bull KKK grows to over 5 million people
The Palmer Raids
bull A Mitchell Palmer Attorney General ordered raids to hunt down suspected Communists
bull Civil rights were ignored
bullAgents searched without a search warrant
bull People were arrested and held without trial
bull Immigrants were deported
bull at this time W Wilson was gravely ill following a stroke
bull his Attorney General A Mitchell Palmer wanted to take a shot at the presidency - he used fears of both immigrants and communism to his advantage
bull he had J Edgar Hoover round up suspected radicals many of which were deported (Palmer Raids)
The KKK Rises Again
Wantagh LI
Babylon LI Mineola LI Washington DC
bull The Ku Klux Klan rises to power again ndash believed in 100 Americanism
Targetedbull Blacksbull Immigrantsbull Jewsbull Roman Catholics
KKK in Washington 1925
The Ku Klux KlanGreat increase
In power
Anti-black
Anti-immigrant
Anti-womenrsquos suffrage
Anti-bootleggers
Anti-Semitic
Anti-Catholic
Effects of Anti-Immigration
bull Court Case Sacco amp Vanzetti ndash two radical Italian immigrants were arrested convicted and executed for murder
Sacco and Vanzetti (1927)
bullAnarchist Italian immigrants convicted of murderbull Not given fair trialbull Executed bullCleared of charges in 1977
A Society in Conflictbull Anti-immigrant
ndash National Origins Act
ndash Discrimination
Sacco-Vanzetti Trial
ndash Italian immigrants
ndash Unfair trial
bull for immigrants ndash the point of origin had shifted to S amp E Europe and new religions appeared Jewish Orthodox Catholic
bull N European immigrants of early 19c feared this shift and felt it would undermine Protestant values
bull this fear was known as NATIVISMbull many wanted Congress to restrict
immigration leading to a quota system that favoured n areas of Europe
bull fear of immigrants (from SE Europe) led to a sentiment known as the Red Scare (fear of comm post-Bolshevik Rev)
bull basic comm advocates a intl revolution by the proletariatworkers -fears that this ideology could find its way into the US
Effects of Anti-Immigration
bull Immigration controls
bull Emergency Quota act
(1921) amp National
Quota Act (1924)
bull Limit the number of
Immigrants from
ldquodangerousrdquo countries
Laissez-faire
bull Return the power
of big business
bull Government
crackdown on
labor unions
-labor unions seen
as communist
supporters
Global Policies
bull The United States hope to become isolationist again
Small Towns v Big Cities
bull 1920 Census
bull gt50 of all
Americans lived in Cities
bull Farmers less
Important
Fundamentalism
bull Religious movement
of the era that
hoped to restore the
morality of America
bull Supporters Rural areas
Scopes Monkey Trial
bull Evolution vs The Bible
bull Science City
bull Bible Rural
bull Evolution is Darwinrsquos Theory that man evolved over time from monkeys
bull The Bible teaches creationism ndash God created man and all the world
Scopes ldquoMonkeyrdquo TrialEvolution vs Creationism
Dayton TennesseeFamous Lawyers
Science vs Religion
John Scopes
High School Biology teacher
SCOPES TRIAL
In March 1925 Tennessee passed the nationrsquos first law that made it a crime to teach evolution
John Scopes arrested
Scopes was a biology teacher who
dared to teach his students that man
derived from lower species
Fundamentalism
bull Scopes Monkey Trial ndash a science teacher from Tennessee wanted to teach evolution but the school would not allow it and he sued
bull ACLU ndash American Civil Liberties Union backed the teacher
bull William Jennings Bryan represented the creationist
bull Clarence Darrow represented the evolutionist
Scopes Trial
bull Fundamentalists believed the Bible was literally true and without error
bull They rejected Darwinrsquos theory of evolution
bull Evolution ndash human beings had developed from lower forms of life over the course of millions of year
bull The creationists won the trial but because of the trial the Fundamentalists fell out of favor
Scopes was found guilty and fined $100
Scopes Monkey Trial
Prohibition18th Amendment Volstead Act
Gangsters
Al Capone
Prohibition
bull The 18th amendment ndash banned the production and sale of alcohol
bull The Volstead Act ndash enforcing Prohibition became the responsibility of the US Treasury Department
bull Granted federal and state governments the power to enforce Prohibition
PROHIBITION
18th Amendment in 1920
illegal to make sell or transport liquor
Prohibition lasted from 1920
to 1933 when it was repealed
by the 21st Amendment
bull PROHIBITION - on manuf and sale of alcohol
bull adopted in 1919 - 18th AMENDMENT
bull an outgrowth of the longtime temperance movement
bull in WWI temperance became a patriotic mvmt - drunkenness caused low productivity amp inefficiency and alcohol needed to treat the wounded
bull a difficult law to enforce organized crime speakeasies bootleggers were on the rise
bull Al Capone virtually controlled Chicago in this period -capitalism at its zenithhellip
bull Prohibition finally ended in 1933 w the 21st Amendment
bull forced organized crime to pursue other interestshellip
Prohibitionbull Speakeasies ndash secret bars where you could buy
alcohol
bull Crime was glamorized and became big business Some gangsters had enough money to corrupt local politicians (organized crime)
bull Al Capone ndash one of the most successful and violent gangsters of the time
bull Bonnie and Clyde Baby Faced Nelson John Dillinger all famous during this time period
bull The Twenty-first Amendment ended Prohibition
The Speakeasy
Al Capone
Bootlegged whiskey from Canada
ran a network of 10000 speakeasies
made $60 million in bootlegging
He killed off the competition (literally)
Rise of organized crime and the Mob
bullProhibition caused a RISE in crime and lawlessness not a decrease
bull21st Amendment repeals Prohibition
Why Prohibition Failed
1Unpopular
2Led to organized crime
3Death due to poor quality alcohol
4Under funded and hard to enforce
1500 agents were responsible for enforcing
Al Capone
THE TWENTIES WOMAN
After World War I Americans were looking for a little fun in the 1920s
Chicago
1926
Why were women able to become more independent after WWI
bull 1920s also brought about great changes for women
bull 1920 - 19th Amendment gave them the federal vote
bull after 1920 social circumstances changed too as more women worked outside the home
bull and more women went to college and clamoured to join the professions
bull women didnt want to sacrifice wartime gains -amounted to a social revolt
bull characterized by the FLAPPER new womanndash (bobbed hair short dresses
smoked in public)
19th Amendment (1920)
NEW ROLES FOR WOMEN
bull More women workingndash Usually single or widowed womenndash Many women entered the workplace as nurses
teachers librarians amp secretariesndash Income to spend
bull Technology made life easierndash Stoves refrigerators vacuum cleanershellip
bull Margaret Sangerndash Birth control movementndash Family size decreases
Traditional Role of Women
bull Flappers A young woman with short skirts and rouged cheeks who had her hair cropped close in a style known as a bob
bull Women gained the right to vote with passage of the nineteenth amendment
THE FLAPPER
A Flapper was a young woman who embraced the new fashions and urban attitudes
Wanted independence
Rebelled against traditional roles
The 20rsquos is The Jazz AgeThe Flappers
make up
cigarettes
short skirts
MusiciansLouis Armstrong
Duke Ellington
WritersF Scott Fitzgerald
Ernest Hemingway
Culture of the Roaring 20rsquosRadio
KDKA Pittsburgh
GE Westinghouseamp RCA
form NBC
Silent Movies
Charlie Chaplin
ldquoTalkiesrdquoThe Jazz SingerStarring Al Jolson
Mary PickfordldquoAmericarsquos Sweetheartrdquo
Cultural Innovations
bull Talking picture ndash The Jazz Singer ndash was produced and the golden age of Hollywood began
bull Mass media ndash radio movies newspapers and magazines aimed at a broad audience ndash did more than just entertain
bull They helped to broaden peoplersquos interests and fostered a sense of shared national experience
ENTERTAINMENT AND ARTS
First sound movies Jazz Singer (1927)
First animated with sound Steamboat Willie (1928)
By 1930 millions ofAmericans went to the movies each week
Walt Disneys animated Steamboat
Willie marked the debut of Mickey
Mouse It was a seven minute long
black and white cartoon
African American Culture
bull The Great Migration ndash hundreds of thousands of African Americans move from the rural South to industrial cities in the North
bull Harlem Renaissance ndash African Americans created an environment that stimulated artistic development racial pride and a sense of community
bull Langston Hughes (writer) Louis Armstrong (trumpet player) Duke Ellington (bandleader)
Harlem Renaissance
In the 1920s it was home to a literary and artistic revival known as the Harlem Renaissance
WHAT MADE THE HARLEM RENAISSANCE POSSIBLE
Between 1910 and 1920 the Great Migration saw hundreds of thousands of African Americans move north to big cities
Migration of the Negro by
Jacob Lawrence
Harlem Renaissancebull Writers
ndash Langston Hughes (Poet)ndash Zora Neale Hurston (Writer)
bull Famous Jazz Musiciansndash ldquoDukerdquo Ellington ndash Louis Armstrong ndash Bessie Smith
bull Cotton Club famous Jazz Club in Harlemndash Blacks usually denied admission
Black Nationalism
bull Pan-Africanism aimed to unite people of African descent worldwide
bull Marcus Garvey
Universal Negro Improvement Associationndash Aims African-American
economic independence amp a Black homeland in Africa
bull Marcus Garvey (Jamaican born immigrant) established the Universal Negro Improvement Association
bull believed in Black pride
bull advocated racial segregation bc of Black superiority
bull Garvey believed Blacks should return to Africa
bull he purchased a ship to start the Black Star line
bull attracted many investments govt charged him with wfraud
bull he was found guilty and eventually deported to Jamaica but his organization continued to exist
CelebritiesBabe Ruth ampTy Cobb
Jack Dempsey
Charles Lindbergh
The Spirit of St Louis
Notables
bull Charles Lindbergh ndash first to fly across the Atlantic
bull Babe Ruth ndash may be the best known baseball player
bull Henry Ford ndash the assembly line his most important invention also developed the Model T ford
bull Welfare capitalism ndash Companies allowed workers to buy stock participate in profit sharing and receive benefits such as medical care and pensions
Notables
bull Open shop ndash a workplace where employees were not required to join a union
bull In 1920 Westinghouse Company broadcast one of the first public broadcast in history
bull 1926 National Broadcasting Company (NBC) established a permanent network of stations to distribute daily programs
bull 1928 Columbia Broadcasting System (CBS) assembled a coast-to-coast network of stations
Slides
bull Some of the slides used came from a internet site Please be aware that I am using them for educational purposes and they may not be usable due to copyright laws
Teapot Dome
bull Secret leasing of federal oil reserves by the secretary of the interior Albert Bacon Fall
bull Warren G Harding transferred supervision of the naval oil-reserve lands from the navy to the Department of the Interior in 1921
bull All secretly granted to Harry F Sinclair of the Mammoth Oil Company exclusive rights to the Teapot Dome (Wyoming) reserves (April 7 1922) He granted similar rights to Edward L Deheny of Pan American Petroleum Company for the Elk Hills and Buena Vista Hills reserves in California (1921ndash22)
Teapot Dome Continued
bull Shortly after the signing of the Teapot Dome lease Fall and members of his family had received from an unknown source more than $200000 in Liberty bonds under circumstances indicating that the bonds came from a company organized by Sinclair
bull Prior to the execution of the Pan American contracts and leases Doheny at Fallrsquos request sent $100000 in currency to Fall as a ldquoloanrdquo that had not been repaid
Political Change
bull The Teapot Dome Scandal bothered Harding so much that he ended up having a heart attack and dying
bull Calvin Coolidge succeeded Harding as President in 1923 and the US started to prosper under his leadership
President CoolidgeldquoThe business of America is businessrdquo
bull Fordney-McCumber Tariff
bull Smoot-Hawley Tariff
bull No help for farmers
bull Foreign Policy
The Red Scarebull Revolution in Russia brought the Communists to power
bull Many Americans frustrated by big business owners joined the Communist Party
bull Thousands of strikes in 1919 and 1920
bull Bombs were sent to government and business leaders
Anti-Immigration
bull Cause Red Scare ndash Belief of the early 20rsquos that Communists would try to take over the US
bull A Mitchell Palmer ndash leader of Red Scare
bull Open immigration Rise of new Ku Klux Klan
bull New Immigrants most affected by the Red Scare
bull Return of Nativism
bull KKK grows to over 5 million people
The Palmer Raids
bull A Mitchell Palmer Attorney General ordered raids to hunt down suspected Communists
bull Civil rights were ignored
bullAgents searched without a search warrant
bull People were arrested and held without trial
bull Immigrants were deported
bull at this time W Wilson was gravely ill following a stroke
bull his Attorney General A Mitchell Palmer wanted to take a shot at the presidency - he used fears of both immigrants and communism to his advantage
bull he had J Edgar Hoover round up suspected radicals many of which were deported (Palmer Raids)
The KKK Rises Again
Wantagh LI
Babylon LI Mineola LI Washington DC
bull The Ku Klux Klan rises to power again ndash believed in 100 Americanism
Targetedbull Blacksbull Immigrantsbull Jewsbull Roman Catholics
KKK in Washington 1925
The Ku Klux KlanGreat increase
In power
Anti-black
Anti-immigrant
Anti-womenrsquos suffrage
Anti-bootleggers
Anti-Semitic
Anti-Catholic
Effects of Anti-Immigration
bull Court Case Sacco amp Vanzetti ndash two radical Italian immigrants were arrested convicted and executed for murder
Sacco and Vanzetti (1927)
bullAnarchist Italian immigrants convicted of murderbull Not given fair trialbull Executed bullCleared of charges in 1977
A Society in Conflictbull Anti-immigrant
ndash National Origins Act
ndash Discrimination
Sacco-Vanzetti Trial
ndash Italian immigrants
ndash Unfair trial
bull for immigrants ndash the point of origin had shifted to S amp E Europe and new religions appeared Jewish Orthodox Catholic
bull N European immigrants of early 19c feared this shift and felt it would undermine Protestant values
bull this fear was known as NATIVISMbull many wanted Congress to restrict
immigration leading to a quota system that favoured n areas of Europe
bull fear of immigrants (from SE Europe) led to a sentiment known as the Red Scare (fear of comm post-Bolshevik Rev)
bull basic comm advocates a intl revolution by the proletariatworkers -fears that this ideology could find its way into the US
Effects of Anti-Immigration
bull Immigration controls
bull Emergency Quota act
(1921) amp National
Quota Act (1924)
bull Limit the number of
Immigrants from
ldquodangerousrdquo countries
Laissez-faire
bull Return the power
of big business
bull Government
crackdown on
labor unions
-labor unions seen
as communist
supporters
Global Policies
bull The United States hope to become isolationist again
Small Towns v Big Cities
bull 1920 Census
bull gt50 of all
Americans lived in Cities
bull Farmers less
Important
Fundamentalism
bull Religious movement
of the era that
hoped to restore the
morality of America
bull Supporters Rural areas
Scopes Monkey Trial
bull Evolution vs The Bible
bull Science City
bull Bible Rural
bull Evolution is Darwinrsquos Theory that man evolved over time from monkeys
bull The Bible teaches creationism ndash God created man and all the world
Scopes ldquoMonkeyrdquo TrialEvolution vs Creationism
Dayton TennesseeFamous Lawyers
Science vs Religion
John Scopes
High School Biology teacher
SCOPES TRIAL
In March 1925 Tennessee passed the nationrsquos first law that made it a crime to teach evolution
John Scopes arrested
Scopes was a biology teacher who
dared to teach his students that man
derived from lower species
Fundamentalism
bull Scopes Monkey Trial ndash a science teacher from Tennessee wanted to teach evolution but the school would not allow it and he sued
bull ACLU ndash American Civil Liberties Union backed the teacher
bull William Jennings Bryan represented the creationist
bull Clarence Darrow represented the evolutionist
Scopes Trial
bull Fundamentalists believed the Bible was literally true and without error
bull They rejected Darwinrsquos theory of evolution
bull Evolution ndash human beings had developed from lower forms of life over the course of millions of year
bull The creationists won the trial but because of the trial the Fundamentalists fell out of favor
Scopes was found guilty and fined $100
Scopes Monkey Trial
Prohibition18th Amendment Volstead Act
Gangsters
Al Capone
Prohibition
bull The 18th amendment ndash banned the production and sale of alcohol
bull The Volstead Act ndash enforcing Prohibition became the responsibility of the US Treasury Department
bull Granted federal and state governments the power to enforce Prohibition
PROHIBITION
18th Amendment in 1920
illegal to make sell or transport liquor
Prohibition lasted from 1920
to 1933 when it was repealed
by the 21st Amendment
bull PROHIBITION - on manuf and sale of alcohol
bull adopted in 1919 - 18th AMENDMENT
bull an outgrowth of the longtime temperance movement
bull in WWI temperance became a patriotic mvmt - drunkenness caused low productivity amp inefficiency and alcohol needed to treat the wounded
bull a difficult law to enforce organized crime speakeasies bootleggers were on the rise
bull Al Capone virtually controlled Chicago in this period -capitalism at its zenithhellip
bull Prohibition finally ended in 1933 w the 21st Amendment
bull forced organized crime to pursue other interestshellip
Prohibitionbull Speakeasies ndash secret bars where you could buy
alcohol
bull Crime was glamorized and became big business Some gangsters had enough money to corrupt local politicians (organized crime)
bull Al Capone ndash one of the most successful and violent gangsters of the time
bull Bonnie and Clyde Baby Faced Nelson John Dillinger all famous during this time period
bull The Twenty-first Amendment ended Prohibition
The Speakeasy
Al Capone
Bootlegged whiskey from Canada
ran a network of 10000 speakeasies
made $60 million in bootlegging
He killed off the competition (literally)
Rise of organized crime and the Mob
bullProhibition caused a RISE in crime and lawlessness not a decrease
bull21st Amendment repeals Prohibition
Why Prohibition Failed
1Unpopular
2Led to organized crime
3Death due to poor quality alcohol
4Under funded and hard to enforce
1500 agents were responsible for enforcing
Al Capone
THE TWENTIES WOMAN
After World War I Americans were looking for a little fun in the 1920s
Chicago
1926
Why were women able to become more independent after WWI
bull 1920s also brought about great changes for women
bull 1920 - 19th Amendment gave them the federal vote
bull after 1920 social circumstances changed too as more women worked outside the home
bull and more women went to college and clamoured to join the professions
bull women didnt want to sacrifice wartime gains -amounted to a social revolt
bull characterized by the FLAPPER new womanndash (bobbed hair short dresses
smoked in public)
19th Amendment (1920)
NEW ROLES FOR WOMEN
bull More women workingndash Usually single or widowed womenndash Many women entered the workplace as nurses
teachers librarians amp secretariesndash Income to spend
bull Technology made life easierndash Stoves refrigerators vacuum cleanershellip
bull Margaret Sangerndash Birth control movementndash Family size decreases
Traditional Role of Women
bull Flappers A young woman with short skirts and rouged cheeks who had her hair cropped close in a style known as a bob
bull Women gained the right to vote with passage of the nineteenth amendment
THE FLAPPER
A Flapper was a young woman who embraced the new fashions and urban attitudes
Wanted independence
Rebelled against traditional roles
The 20rsquos is The Jazz AgeThe Flappers
make up
cigarettes
short skirts
MusiciansLouis Armstrong
Duke Ellington
WritersF Scott Fitzgerald
Ernest Hemingway
Culture of the Roaring 20rsquosRadio
KDKA Pittsburgh
GE Westinghouseamp RCA
form NBC
Silent Movies
Charlie Chaplin
ldquoTalkiesrdquoThe Jazz SingerStarring Al Jolson
Mary PickfordldquoAmericarsquos Sweetheartrdquo
Cultural Innovations
bull Talking picture ndash The Jazz Singer ndash was produced and the golden age of Hollywood began
bull Mass media ndash radio movies newspapers and magazines aimed at a broad audience ndash did more than just entertain
bull They helped to broaden peoplersquos interests and fostered a sense of shared national experience
ENTERTAINMENT AND ARTS
First sound movies Jazz Singer (1927)
First animated with sound Steamboat Willie (1928)
By 1930 millions ofAmericans went to the movies each week
Walt Disneys animated Steamboat
Willie marked the debut of Mickey
Mouse It was a seven minute long
black and white cartoon
African American Culture
bull The Great Migration ndash hundreds of thousands of African Americans move from the rural South to industrial cities in the North
bull Harlem Renaissance ndash African Americans created an environment that stimulated artistic development racial pride and a sense of community
bull Langston Hughes (writer) Louis Armstrong (trumpet player) Duke Ellington (bandleader)
Harlem Renaissance
In the 1920s it was home to a literary and artistic revival known as the Harlem Renaissance
WHAT MADE THE HARLEM RENAISSANCE POSSIBLE
Between 1910 and 1920 the Great Migration saw hundreds of thousands of African Americans move north to big cities
Migration of the Negro by
Jacob Lawrence
Harlem Renaissancebull Writers
ndash Langston Hughes (Poet)ndash Zora Neale Hurston (Writer)
bull Famous Jazz Musiciansndash ldquoDukerdquo Ellington ndash Louis Armstrong ndash Bessie Smith
bull Cotton Club famous Jazz Club in Harlemndash Blacks usually denied admission
Black Nationalism
bull Pan-Africanism aimed to unite people of African descent worldwide
bull Marcus Garvey
Universal Negro Improvement Associationndash Aims African-American
economic independence amp a Black homeland in Africa
bull Marcus Garvey (Jamaican born immigrant) established the Universal Negro Improvement Association
bull believed in Black pride
bull advocated racial segregation bc of Black superiority
bull Garvey believed Blacks should return to Africa
bull he purchased a ship to start the Black Star line
bull attracted many investments govt charged him with wfraud
bull he was found guilty and eventually deported to Jamaica but his organization continued to exist
CelebritiesBabe Ruth ampTy Cobb
Jack Dempsey
Charles Lindbergh
The Spirit of St Louis
Notables
bull Charles Lindbergh ndash first to fly across the Atlantic
bull Babe Ruth ndash may be the best known baseball player
bull Henry Ford ndash the assembly line his most important invention also developed the Model T ford
bull Welfare capitalism ndash Companies allowed workers to buy stock participate in profit sharing and receive benefits such as medical care and pensions
Notables
bull Open shop ndash a workplace where employees were not required to join a union
bull In 1920 Westinghouse Company broadcast one of the first public broadcast in history
bull 1926 National Broadcasting Company (NBC) established a permanent network of stations to distribute daily programs
bull 1928 Columbia Broadcasting System (CBS) assembled a coast-to-coast network of stations
Slides
bull Some of the slides used came from a internet site Please be aware that I am using them for educational purposes and they may not be usable due to copyright laws
Teapot Dome Continued
bull Shortly after the signing of the Teapot Dome lease Fall and members of his family had received from an unknown source more than $200000 in Liberty bonds under circumstances indicating that the bonds came from a company organized by Sinclair
bull Prior to the execution of the Pan American contracts and leases Doheny at Fallrsquos request sent $100000 in currency to Fall as a ldquoloanrdquo that had not been repaid
Political Change
bull The Teapot Dome Scandal bothered Harding so much that he ended up having a heart attack and dying
bull Calvin Coolidge succeeded Harding as President in 1923 and the US started to prosper under his leadership
President CoolidgeldquoThe business of America is businessrdquo
bull Fordney-McCumber Tariff
bull Smoot-Hawley Tariff
bull No help for farmers
bull Foreign Policy
The Red Scarebull Revolution in Russia brought the Communists to power
bull Many Americans frustrated by big business owners joined the Communist Party
bull Thousands of strikes in 1919 and 1920
bull Bombs were sent to government and business leaders
Anti-Immigration
bull Cause Red Scare ndash Belief of the early 20rsquos that Communists would try to take over the US
bull A Mitchell Palmer ndash leader of Red Scare
bull Open immigration Rise of new Ku Klux Klan
bull New Immigrants most affected by the Red Scare
bull Return of Nativism
bull KKK grows to over 5 million people
The Palmer Raids
bull A Mitchell Palmer Attorney General ordered raids to hunt down suspected Communists
bull Civil rights were ignored
bullAgents searched without a search warrant
bull People were arrested and held without trial
bull Immigrants were deported
bull at this time W Wilson was gravely ill following a stroke
bull his Attorney General A Mitchell Palmer wanted to take a shot at the presidency - he used fears of both immigrants and communism to his advantage
bull he had J Edgar Hoover round up suspected radicals many of which were deported (Palmer Raids)
The KKK Rises Again
Wantagh LI
Babylon LI Mineola LI Washington DC
bull The Ku Klux Klan rises to power again ndash believed in 100 Americanism
Targetedbull Blacksbull Immigrantsbull Jewsbull Roman Catholics
KKK in Washington 1925
The Ku Klux KlanGreat increase
In power
Anti-black
Anti-immigrant
Anti-womenrsquos suffrage
Anti-bootleggers
Anti-Semitic
Anti-Catholic
Effects of Anti-Immigration
bull Court Case Sacco amp Vanzetti ndash two radical Italian immigrants were arrested convicted and executed for murder
Sacco and Vanzetti (1927)
bullAnarchist Italian immigrants convicted of murderbull Not given fair trialbull Executed bullCleared of charges in 1977
A Society in Conflictbull Anti-immigrant
ndash National Origins Act
ndash Discrimination
Sacco-Vanzetti Trial
ndash Italian immigrants
ndash Unfair trial
bull for immigrants ndash the point of origin had shifted to S amp E Europe and new religions appeared Jewish Orthodox Catholic
bull N European immigrants of early 19c feared this shift and felt it would undermine Protestant values
bull this fear was known as NATIVISMbull many wanted Congress to restrict
immigration leading to a quota system that favoured n areas of Europe
bull fear of immigrants (from SE Europe) led to a sentiment known as the Red Scare (fear of comm post-Bolshevik Rev)
bull basic comm advocates a intl revolution by the proletariatworkers -fears that this ideology could find its way into the US
Effects of Anti-Immigration
bull Immigration controls
bull Emergency Quota act
(1921) amp National
Quota Act (1924)
bull Limit the number of
Immigrants from
ldquodangerousrdquo countries
Laissez-faire
bull Return the power
of big business
bull Government
crackdown on
labor unions
-labor unions seen
as communist
supporters
Global Policies
bull The United States hope to become isolationist again
Small Towns v Big Cities
bull 1920 Census
bull gt50 of all
Americans lived in Cities
bull Farmers less
Important
Fundamentalism
bull Religious movement
of the era that
hoped to restore the
morality of America
bull Supporters Rural areas
Scopes Monkey Trial
bull Evolution vs The Bible
bull Science City
bull Bible Rural
bull Evolution is Darwinrsquos Theory that man evolved over time from monkeys
bull The Bible teaches creationism ndash God created man and all the world
Scopes ldquoMonkeyrdquo TrialEvolution vs Creationism
Dayton TennesseeFamous Lawyers
Science vs Religion
John Scopes
High School Biology teacher
SCOPES TRIAL
In March 1925 Tennessee passed the nationrsquos first law that made it a crime to teach evolution
John Scopes arrested
Scopes was a biology teacher who
dared to teach his students that man
derived from lower species
Fundamentalism
bull Scopes Monkey Trial ndash a science teacher from Tennessee wanted to teach evolution but the school would not allow it and he sued
bull ACLU ndash American Civil Liberties Union backed the teacher
bull William Jennings Bryan represented the creationist
bull Clarence Darrow represented the evolutionist
Scopes Trial
bull Fundamentalists believed the Bible was literally true and without error
bull They rejected Darwinrsquos theory of evolution
bull Evolution ndash human beings had developed from lower forms of life over the course of millions of year
bull The creationists won the trial but because of the trial the Fundamentalists fell out of favor
Scopes was found guilty and fined $100
Scopes Monkey Trial
Prohibition18th Amendment Volstead Act
Gangsters
Al Capone
Prohibition
bull The 18th amendment ndash banned the production and sale of alcohol
bull The Volstead Act ndash enforcing Prohibition became the responsibility of the US Treasury Department
bull Granted federal and state governments the power to enforce Prohibition
PROHIBITION
18th Amendment in 1920
illegal to make sell or transport liquor
Prohibition lasted from 1920
to 1933 when it was repealed
by the 21st Amendment
bull PROHIBITION - on manuf and sale of alcohol
bull adopted in 1919 - 18th AMENDMENT
bull an outgrowth of the longtime temperance movement
bull in WWI temperance became a patriotic mvmt - drunkenness caused low productivity amp inefficiency and alcohol needed to treat the wounded
bull a difficult law to enforce organized crime speakeasies bootleggers were on the rise
bull Al Capone virtually controlled Chicago in this period -capitalism at its zenithhellip
bull Prohibition finally ended in 1933 w the 21st Amendment
bull forced organized crime to pursue other interestshellip
Prohibitionbull Speakeasies ndash secret bars where you could buy
alcohol
bull Crime was glamorized and became big business Some gangsters had enough money to corrupt local politicians (organized crime)
bull Al Capone ndash one of the most successful and violent gangsters of the time
bull Bonnie and Clyde Baby Faced Nelson John Dillinger all famous during this time period
bull The Twenty-first Amendment ended Prohibition
The Speakeasy
Al Capone
Bootlegged whiskey from Canada
ran a network of 10000 speakeasies
made $60 million in bootlegging
He killed off the competition (literally)
Rise of organized crime and the Mob
bullProhibition caused a RISE in crime and lawlessness not a decrease
bull21st Amendment repeals Prohibition
Why Prohibition Failed
1Unpopular
2Led to organized crime
3Death due to poor quality alcohol
4Under funded and hard to enforce
1500 agents were responsible for enforcing
Al Capone
THE TWENTIES WOMAN
After World War I Americans were looking for a little fun in the 1920s
Chicago
1926
Why were women able to become more independent after WWI
bull 1920s also brought about great changes for women
bull 1920 - 19th Amendment gave them the federal vote
bull after 1920 social circumstances changed too as more women worked outside the home
bull and more women went to college and clamoured to join the professions
bull women didnt want to sacrifice wartime gains -amounted to a social revolt
bull characterized by the FLAPPER new womanndash (bobbed hair short dresses
smoked in public)
19th Amendment (1920)
NEW ROLES FOR WOMEN
bull More women workingndash Usually single or widowed womenndash Many women entered the workplace as nurses
teachers librarians amp secretariesndash Income to spend
bull Technology made life easierndash Stoves refrigerators vacuum cleanershellip
bull Margaret Sangerndash Birth control movementndash Family size decreases
Traditional Role of Women
bull Flappers A young woman with short skirts and rouged cheeks who had her hair cropped close in a style known as a bob
bull Women gained the right to vote with passage of the nineteenth amendment
THE FLAPPER
A Flapper was a young woman who embraced the new fashions and urban attitudes
Wanted independence
Rebelled against traditional roles
The 20rsquos is The Jazz AgeThe Flappers
make up
cigarettes
short skirts
MusiciansLouis Armstrong
Duke Ellington
WritersF Scott Fitzgerald
Ernest Hemingway
Culture of the Roaring 20rsquosRadio
KDKA Pittsburgh
GE Westinghouseamp RCA
form NBC
Silent Movies
Charlie Chaplin
ldquoTalkiesrdquoThe Jazz SingerStarring Al Jolson
Mary PickfordldquoAmericarsquos Sweetheartrdquo
Cultural Innovations
bull Talking picture ndash The Jazz Singer ndash was produced and the golden age of Hollywood began
bull Mass media ndash radio movies newspapers and magazines aimed at a broad audience ndash did more than just entertain
bull They helped to broaden peoplersquos interests and fostered a sense of shared national experience
ENTERTAINMENT AND ARTS
First sound movies Jazz Singer (1927)
First animated with sound Steamboat Willie (1928)
By 1930 millions ofAmericans went to the movies each week
Walt Disneys animated Steamboat
Willie marked the debut of Mickey
Mouse It was a seven minute long
black and white cartoon
African American Culture
bull The Great Migration ndash hundreds of thousands of African Americans move from the rural South to industrial cities in the North
bull Harlem Renaissance ndash African Americans created an environment that stimulated artistic development racial pride and a sense of community
bull Langston Hughes (writer) Louis Armstrong (trumpet player) Duke Ellington (bandleader)
Harlem Renaissance
In the 1920s it was home to a literary and artistic revival known as the Harlem Renaissance
WHAT MADE THE HARLEM RENAISSANCE POSSIBLE
Between 1910 and 1920 the Great Migration saw hundreds of thousands of African Americans move north to big cities
Migration of the Negro by
Jacob Lawrence
Harlem Renaissancebull Writers
ndash Langston Hughes (Poet)ndash Zora Neale Hurston (Writer)
bull Famous Jazz Musiciansndash ldquoDukerdquo Ellington ndash Louis Armstrong ndash Bessie Smith
bull Cotton Club famous Jazz Club in Harlemndash Blacks usually denied admission
Black Nationalism
bull Pan-Africanism aimed to unite people of African descent worldwide
bull Marcus Garvey
Universal Negro Improvement Associationndash Aims African-American
economic independence amp a Black homeland in Africa
bull Marcus Garvey (Jamaican born immigrant) established the Universal Negro Improvement Association
bull believed in Black pride
bull advocated racial segregation bc of Black superiority
bull Garvey believed Blacks should return to Africa
bull he purchased a ship to start the Black Star line
bull attracted many investments govt charged him with wfraud
bull he was found guilty and eventually deported to Jamaica but his organization continued to exist
CelebritiesBabe Ruth ampTy Cobb
Jack Dempsey
Charles Lindbergh
The Spirit of St Louis
Notables
bull Charles Lindbergh ndash first to fly across the Atlantic
bull Babe Ruth ndash may be the best known baseball player
bull Henry Ford ndash the assembly line his most important invention also developed the Model T ford
bull Welfare capitalism ndash Companies allowed workers to buy stock participate in profit sharing and receive benefits such as medical care and pensions
Notables
bull Open shop ndash a workplace where employees were not required to join a union
bull In 1920 Westinghouse Company broadcast one of the first public broadcast in history
bull 1926 National Broadcasting Company (NBC) established a permanent network of stations to distribute daily programs
bull 1928 Columbia Broadcasting System (CBS) assembled a coast-to-coast network of stations
Slides
bull Some of the slides used came from a internet site Please be aware that I am using them for educational purposes and they may not be usable due to copyright laws
Political Change
bull The Teapot Dome Scandal bothered Harding so much that he ended up having a heart attack and dying
bull Calvin Coolidge succeeded Harding as President in 1923 and the US started to prosper under his leadership
President CoolidgeldquoThe business of America is businessrdquo
bull Fordney-McCumber Tariff
bull Smoot-Hawley Tariff
bull No help for farmers
bull Foreign Policy
The Red Scarebull Revolution in Russia brought the Communists to power
bull Many Americans frustrated by big business owners joined the Communist Party
bull Thousands of strikes in 1919 and 1920
bull Bombs were sent to government and business leaders
Anti-Immigration
bull Cause Red Scare ndash Belief of the early 20rsquos that Communists would try to take over the US
bull A Mitchell Palmer ndash leader of Red Scare
bull Open immigration Rise of new Ku Klux Klan
bull New Immigrants most affected by the Red Scare
bull Return of Nativism
bull KKK grows to over 5 million people
The Palmer Raids
bull A Mitchell Palmer Attorney General ordered raids to hunt down suspected Communists
bull Civil rights were ignored
bullAgents searched without a search warrant
bull People were arrested and held without trial
bull Immigrants were deported
bull at this time W Wilson was gravely ill following a stroke
bull his Attorney General A Mitchell Palmer wanted to take a shot at the presidency - he used fears of both immigrants and communism to his advantage
bull he had J Edgar Hoover round up suspected radicals many of which were deported (Palmer Raids)
The KKK Rises Again
Wantagh LI
Babylon LI Mineola LI Washington DC
bull The Ku Klux Klan rises to power again ndash believed in 100 Americanism
Targetedbull Blacksbull Immigrantsbull Jewsbull Roman Catholics
KKK in Washington 1925
The Ku Klux KlanGreat increase
In power
Anti-black
Anti-immigrant
Anti-womenrsquos suffrage
Anti-bootleggers
Anti-Semitic
Anti-Catholic
Effects of Anti-Immigration
bull Court Case Sacco amp Vanzetti ndash two radical Italian immigrants were arrested convicted and executed for murder
Sacco and Vanzetti (1927)
bullAnarchist Italian immigrants convicted of murderbull Not given fair trialbull Executed bullCleared of charges in 1977
A Society in Conflictbull Anti-immigrant
ndash National Origins Act
ndash Discrimination
Sacco-Vanzetti Trial
ndash Italian immigrants
ndash Unfair trial
bull for immigrants ndash the point of origin had shifted to S amp E Europe and new religions appeared Jewish Orthodox Catholic
bull N European immigrants of early 19c feared this shift and felt it would undermine Protestant values
bull this fear was known as NATIVISMbull many wanted Congress to restrict
immigration leading to a quota system that favoured n areas of Europe
bull fear of immigrants (from SE Europe) led to a sentiment known as the Red Scare (fear of comm post-Bolshevik Rev)
bull basic comm advocates a intl revolution by the proletariatworkers -fears that this ideology could find its way into the US
Effects of Anti-Immigration
bull Immigration controls
bull Emergency Quota act
(1921) amp National
Quota Act (1924)
bull Limit the number of
Immigrants from
ldquodangerousrdquo countries
Laissez-faire
bull Return the power
of big business
bull Government
crackdown on
labor unions
-labor unions seen
as communist
supporters
Global Policies
bull The United States hope to become isolationist again
Small Towns v Big Cities
bull 1920 Census
bull gt50 of all
Americans lived in Cities
bull Farmers less
Important
Fundamentalism
bull Religious movement
of the era that
hoped to restore the
morality of America
bull Supporters Rural areas
Scopes Monkey Trial
bull Evolution vs The Bible
bull Science City
bull Bible Rural
bull Evolution is Darwinrsquos Theory that man evolved over time from monkeys
bull The Bible teaches creationism ndash God created man and all the world
Scopes ldquoMonkeyrdquo TrialEvolution vs Creationism
Dayton TennesseeFamous Lawyers
Science vs Religion
John Scopes
High School Biology teacher
SCOPES TRIAL
In March 1925 Tennessee passed the nationrsquos first law that made it a crime to teach evolution
John Scopes arrested
Scopes was a biology teacher who
dared to teach his students that man
derived from lower species
Fundamentalism
bull Scopes Monkey Trial ndash a science teacher from Tennessee wanted to teach evolution but the school would not allow it and he sued
bull ACLU ndash American Civil Liberties Union backed the teacher
bull William Jennings Bryan represented the creationist
bull Clarence Darrow represented the evolutionist
Scopes Trial
bull Fundamentalists believed the Bible was literally true and without error
bull They rejected Darwinrsquos theory of evolution
bull Evolution ndash human beings had developed from lower forms of life over the course of millions of year
bull The creationists won the trial but because of the trial the Fundamentalists fell out of favor
Scopes was found guilty and fined $100
Scopes Monkey Trial
Prohibition18th Amendment Volstead Act
Gangsters
Al Capone
Prohibition
bull The 18th amendment ndash banned the production and sale of alcohol
bull The Volstead Act ndash enforcing Prohibition became the responsibility of the US Treasury Department
bull Granted federal and state governments the power to enforce Prohibition
PROHIBITION
18th Amendment in 1920
illegal to make sell or transport liquor
Prohibition lasted from 1920
to 1933 when it was repealed
by the 21st Amendment
bull PROHIBITION - on manuf and sale of alcohol
bull adopted in 1919 - 18th AMENDMENT
bull an outgrowth of the longtime temperance movement
bull in WWI temperance became a patriotic mvmt - drunkenness caused low productivity amp inefficiency and alcohol needed to treat the wounded
bull a difficult law to enforce organized crime speakeasies bootleggers were on the rise
bull Al Capone virtually controlled Chicago in this period -capitalism at its zenithhellip
bull Prohibition finally ended in 1933 w the 21st Amendment
bull forced organized crime to pursue other interestshellip
Prohibitionbull Speakeasies ndash secret bars where you could buy
alcohol
bull Crime was glamorized and became big business Some gangsters had enough money to corrupt local politicians (organized crime)
bull Al Capone ndash one of the most successful and violent gangsters of the time
bull Bonnie and Clyde Baby Faced Nelson John Dillinger all famous during this time period
bull The Twenty-first Amendment ended Prohibition
The Speakeasy
Al Capone
Bootlegged whiskey from Canada
ran a network of 10000 speakeasies
made $60 million in bootlegging
He killed off the competition (literally)
Rise of organized crime and the Mob
bullProhibition caused a RISE in crime and lawlessness not a decrease
bull21st Amendment repeals Prohibition
Why Prohibition Failed
1Unpopular
2Led to organized crime
3Death due to poor quality alcohol
4Under funded and hard to enforce
1500 agents were responsible for enforcing
Al Capone
THE TWENTIES WOMAN
After World War I Americans were looking for a little fun in the 1920s
Chicago
1926
Why were women able to become more independent after WWI
bull 1920s also brought about great changes for women
bull 1920 - 19th Amendment gave them the federal vote
bull after 1920 social circumstances changed too as more women worked outside the home
bull and more women went to college and clamoured to join the professions
bull women didnt want to sacrifice wartime gains -amounted to a social revolt
bull characterized by the FLAPPER new womanndash (bobbed hair short dresses
smoked in public)
19th Amendment (1920)
NEW ROLES FOR WOMEN
bull More women workingndash Usually single or widowed womenndash Many women entered the workplace as nurses
teachers librarians amp secretariesndash Income to spend
bull Technology made life easierndash Stoves refrigerators vacuum cleanershellip
bull Margaret Sangerndash Birth control movementndash Family size decreases
Traditional Role of Women
bull Flappers A young woman with short skirts and rouged cheeks who had her hair cropped close in a style known as a bob
bull Women gained the right to vote with passage of the nineteenth amendment
THE FLAPPER
A Flapper was a young woman who embraced the new fashions and urban attitudes
Wanted independence
Rebelled against traditional roles
The 20rsquos is The Jazz AgeThe Flappers
make up
cigarettes
short skirts
MusiciansLouis Armstrong
Duke Ellington
WritersF Scott Fitzgerald
Ernest Hemingway
Culture of the Roaring 20rsquosRadio
KDKA Pittsburgh
GE Westinghouseamp RCA
form NBC
Silent Movies
Charlie Chaplin
ldquoTalkiesrdquoThe Jazz SingerStarring Al Jolson
Mary PickfordldquoAmericarsquos Sweetheartrdquo
Cultural Innovations
bull Talking picture ndash The Jazz Singer ndash was produced and the golden age of Hollywood began
bull Mass media ndash radio movies newspapers and magazines aimed at a broad audience ndash did more than just entertain
bull They helped to broaden peoplersquos interests and fostered a sense of shared national experience
ENTERTAINMENT AND ARTS
First sound movies Jazz Singer (1927)
First animated with sound Steamboat Willie (1928)
By 1930 millions ofAmericans went to the movies each week
Walt Disneys animated Steamboat
Willie marked the debut of Mickey
Mouse It was a seven minute long
black and white cartoon
African American Culture
bull The Great Migration ndash hundreds of thousands of African Americans move from the rural South to industrial cities in the North
bull Harlem Renaissance ndash African Americans created an environment that stimulated artistic development racial pride and a sense of community
bull Langston Hughes (writer) Louis Armstrong (trumpet player) Duke Ellington (bandleader)
Harlem Renaissance
In the 1920s it was home to a literary and artistic revival known as the Harlem Renaissance
WHAT MADE THE HARLEM RENAISSANCE POSSIBLE
Between 1910 and 1920 the Great Migration saw hundreds of thousands of African Americans move north to big cities
Migration of the Negro by
Jacob Lawrence
Harlem Renaissancebull Writers
ndash Langston Hughes (Poet)ndash Zora Neale Hurston (Writer)
bull Famous Jazz Musiciansndash ldquoDukerdquo Ellington ndash Louis Armstrong ndash Bessie Smith
bull Cotton Club famous Jazz Club in Harlemndash Blacks usually denied admission
Black Nationalism
bull Pan-Africanism aimed to unite people of African descent worldwide
bull Marcus Garvey
Universal Negro Improvement Associationndash Aims African-American
economic independence amp a Black homeland in Africa
bull Marcus Garvey (Jamaican born immigrant) established the Universal Negro Improvement Association
bull believed in Black pride
bull advocated racial segregation bc of Black superiority
bull Garvey believed Blacks should return to Africa
bull he purchased a ship to start the Black Star line
bull attracted many investments govt charged him with wfraud
bull he was found guilty and eventually deported to Jamaica but his organization continued to exist
CelebritiesBabe Ruth ampTy Cobb
Jack Dempsey
Charles Lindbergh
The Spirit of St Louis
Notables
bull Charles Lindbergh ndash first to fly across the Atlantic
bull Babe Ruth ndash may be the best known baseball player
bull Henry Ford ndash the assembly line his most important invention also developed the Model T ford
bull Welfare capitalism ndash Companies allowed workers to buy stock participate in profit sharing and receive benefits such as medical care and pensions
Notables
bull Open shop ndash a workplace where employees were not required to join a union
bull In 1920 Westinghouse Company broadcast one of the first public broadcast in history
bull 1926 National Broadcasting Company (NBC) established a permanent network of stations to distribute daily programs
bull 1928 Columbia Broadcasting System (CBS) assembled a coast-to-coast network of stations
Slides
bull Some of the slides used came from a internet site Please be aware that I am using them for educational purposes and they may not be usable due to copyright laws
President CoolidgeldquoThe business of America is businessrdquo
bull Fordney-McCumber Tariff
bull Smoot-Hawley Tariff
bull No help for farmers
bull Foreign Policy
The Red Scarebull Revolution in Russia brought the Communists to power
bull Many Americans frustrated by big business owners joined the Communist Party
bull Thousands of strikes in 1919 and 1920
bull Bombs were sent to government and business leaders
Anti-Immigration
bull Cause Red Scare ndash Belief of the early 20rsquos that Communists would try to take over the US
bull A Mitchell Palmer ndash leader of Red Scare
bull Open immigration Rise of new Ku Klux Klan
bull New Immigrants most affected by the Red Scare
bull Return of Nativism
bull KKK grows to over 5 million people
The Palmer Raids
bull A Mitchell Palmer Attorney General ordered raids to hunt down suspected Communists
bull Civil rights were ignored
bullAgents searched without a search warrant
bull People were arrested and held without trial
bull Immigrants were deported
bull at this time W Wilson was gravely ill following a stroke
bull his Attorney General A Mitchell Palmer wanted to take a shot at the presidency - he used fears of both immigrants and communism to his advantage
bull he had J Edgar Hoover round up suspected radicals many of which were deported (Palmer Raids)
The KKK Rises Again
Wantagh LI
Babylon LI Mineola LI Washington DC
bull The Ku Klux Klan rises to power again ndash believed in 100 Americanism
Targetedbull Blacksbull Immigrantsbull Jewsbull Roman Catholics
KKK in Washington 1925
The Ku Klux KlanGreat increase
In power
Anti-black
Anti-immigrant
Anti-womenrsquos suffrage
Anti-bootleggers
Anti-Semitic
Anti-Catholic
Effects of Anti-Immigration
bull Court Case Sacco amp Vanzetti ndash two radical Italian immigrants were arrested convicted and executed for murder
Sacco and Vanzetti (1927)
bullAnarchist Italian immigrants convicted of murderbull Not given fair trialbull Executed bullCleared of charges in 1977
A Society in Conflictbull Anti-immigrant
ndash National Origins Act
ndash Discrimination
Sacco-Vanzetti Trial
ndash Italian immigrants
ndash Unfair trial
bull for immigrants ndash the point of origin had shifted to S amp E Europe and new religions appeared Jewish Orthodox Catholic
bull N European immigrants of early 19c feared this shift and felt it would undermine Protestant values
bull this fear was known as NATIVISMbull many wanted Congress to restrict
immigration leading to a quota system that favoured n areas of Europe
bull fear of immigrants (from SE Europe) led to a sentiment known as the Red Scare (fear of comm post-Bolshevik Rev)
bull basic comm advocates a intl revolution by the proletariatworkers -fears that this ideology could find its way into the US
Effects of Anti-Immigration
bull Immigration controls
bull Emergency Quota act
(1921) amp National
Quota Act (1924)
bull Limit the number of
Immigrants from
ldquodangerousrdquo countries
Laissez-faire
bull Return the power
of big business
bull Government
crackdown on
labor unions
-labor unions seen
as communist
supporters
Global Policies
bull The United States hope to become isolationist again
Small Towns v Big Cities
bull 1920 Census
bull gt50 of all
Americans lived in Cities
bull Farmers less
Important
Fundamentalism
bull Religious movement
of the era that
hoped to restore the
morality of America
bull Supporters Rural areas
Scopes Monkey Trial
bull Evolution vs The Bible
bull Science City
bull Bible Rural
bull Evolution is Darwinrsquos Theory that man evolved over time from monkeys
bull The Bible teaches creationism ndash God created man and all the world
Scopes ldquoMonkeyrdquo TrialEvolution vs Creationism
Dayton TennesseeFamous Lawyers
Science vs Religion
John Scopes
High School Biology teacher
SCOPES TRIAL
In March 1925 Tennessee passed the nationrsquos first law that made it a crime to teach evolution
John Scopes arrested
Scopes was a biology teacher who
dared to teach his students that man
derived from lower species
Fundamentalism
bull Scopes Monkey Trial ndash a science teacher from Tennessee wanted to teach evolution but the school would not allow it and he sued
bull ACLU ndash American Civil Liberties Union backed the teacher
bull William Jennings Bryan represented the creationist
bull Clarence Darrow represented the evolutionist
Scopes Trial
bull Fundamentalists believed the Bible was literally true and without error
bull They rejected Darwinrsquos theory of evolution
bull Evolution ndash human beings had developed from lower forms of life over the course of millions of year
bull The creationists won the trial but because of the trial the Fundamentalists fell out of favor
Scopes was found guilty and fined $100
Scopes Monkey Trial
Prohibition18th Amendment Volstead Act
Gangsters
Al Capone
Prohibition
bull The 18th amendment ndash banned the production and sale of alcohol
bull The Volstead Act ndash enforcing Prohibition became the responsibility of the US Treasury Department
bull Granted federal and state governments the power to enforce Prohibition
PROHIBITION
18th Amendment in 1920
illegal to make sell or transport liquor
Prohibition lasted from 1920
to 1933 when it was repealed
by the 21st Amendment
bull PROHIBITION - on manuf and sale of alcohol
bull adopted in 1919 - 18th AMENDMENT
bull an outgrowth of the longtime temperance movement
bull in WWI temperance became a patriotic mvmt - drunkenness caused low productivity amp inefficiency and alcohol needed to treat the wounded
bull a difficult law to enforce organized crime speakeasies bootleggers were on the rise
bull Al Capone virtually controlled Chicago in this period -capitalism at its zenithhellip
bull Prohibition finally ended in 1933 w the 21st Amendment
bull forced organized crime to pursue other interestshellip
Prohibitionbull Speakeasies ndash secret bars where you could buy
alcohol
bull Crime was glamorized and became big business Some gangsters had enough money to corrupt local politicians (organized crime)
bull Al Capone ndash one of the most successful and violent gangsters of the time
bull Bonnie and Clyde Baby Faced Nelson John Dillinger all famous during this time period
bull The Twenty-first Amendment ended Prohibition
The Speakeasy
Al Capone
Bootlegged whiskey from Canada
ran a network of 10000 speakeasies
made $60 million in bootlegging
He killed off the competition (literally)
Rise of organized crime and the Mob
bullProhibition caused a RISE in crime and lawlessness not a decrease
bull21st Amendment repeals Prohibition
Why Prohibition Failed
1Unpopular
2Led to organized crime
3Death due to poor quality alcohol
4Under funded and hard to enforce
1500 agents were responsible for enforcing
Al Capone
THE TWENTIES WOMAN
After World War I Americans were looking for a little fun in the 1920s
Chicago
1926
Why were women able to become more independent after WWI
bull 1920s also brought about great changes for women
bull 1920 - 19th Amendment gave them the federal vote
bull after 1920 social circumstances changed too as more women worked outside the home
bull and more women went to college and clamoured to join the professions
bull women didnt want to sacrifice wartime gains -amounted to a social revolt
bull characterized by the FLAPPER new womanndash (bobbed hair short dresses
smoked in public)
19th Amendment (1920)
NEW ROLES FOR WOMEN
bull More women workingndash Usually single or widowed womenndash Many women entered the workplace as nurses
teachers librarians amp secretariesndash Income to spend
bull Technology made life easierndash Stoves refrigerators vacuum cleanershellip
bull Margaret Sangerndash Birth control movementndash Family size decreases
Traditional Role of Women
bull Flappers A young woman with short skirts and rouged cheeks who had her hair cropped close in a style known as a bob
bull Women gained the right to vote with passage of the nineteenth amendment
THE FLAPPER
A Flapper was a young woman who embraced the new fashions and urban attitudes
Wanted independence
Rebelled against traditional roles
The 20rsquos is The Jazz AgeThe Flappers
make up
cigarettes
short skirts
MusiciansLouis Armstrong
Duke Ellington
WritersF Scott Fitzgerald
Ernest Hemingway
Culture of the Roaring 20rsquosRadio
KDKA Pittsburgh
GE Westinghouseamp RCA
form NBC
Silent Movies
Charlie Chaplin
ldquoTalkiesrdquoThe Jazz SingerStarring Al Jolson
Mary PickfordldquoAmericarsquos Sweetheartrdquo
Cultural Innovations
bull Talking picture ndash The Jazz Singer ndash was produced and the golden age of Hollywood began
bull Mass media ndash radio movies newspapers and magazines aimed at a broad audience ndash did more than just entertain
bull They helped to broaden peoplersquos interests and fostered a sense of shared national experience
ENTERTAINMENT AND ARTS
First sound movies Jazz Singer (1927)
First animated with sound Steamboat Willie (1928)
By 1930 millions ofAmericans went to the movies each week
Walt Disneys animated Steamboat
Willie marked the debut of Mickey
Mouse It was a seven minute long
black and white cartoon
African American Culture
bull The Great Migration ndash hundreds of thousands of African Americans move from the rural South to industrial cities in the North
bull Harlem Renaissance ndash African Americans created an environment that stimulated artistic development racial pride and a sense of community
bull Langston Hughes (writer) Louis Armstrong (trumpet player) Duke Ellington (bandleader)
Harlem Renaissance
In the 1920s it was home to a literary and artistic revival known as the Harlem Renaissance
WHAT MADE THE HARLEM RENAISSANCE POSSIBLE
Between 1910 and 1920 the Great Migration saw hundreds of thousands of African Americans move north to big cities
Migration of the Negro by
Jacob Lawrence
Harlem Renaissancebull Writers
ndash Langston Hughes (Poet)ndash Zora Neale Hurston (Writer)
bull Famous Jazz Musiciansndash ldquoDukerdquo Ellington ndash Louis Armstrong ndash Bessie Smith
bull Cotton Club famous Jazz Club in Harlemndash Blacks usually denied admission
Black Nationalism
bull Pan-Africanism aimed to unite people of African descent worldwide
bull Marcus Garvey
Universal Negro Improvement Associationndash Aims African-American
economic independence amp a Black homeland in Africa
bull Marcus Garvey (Jamaican born immigrant) established the Universal Negro Improvement Association
bull believed in Black pride
bull advocated racial segregation bc of Black superiority
bull Garvey believed Blacks should return to Africa
bull he purchased a ship to start the Black Star line
bull attracted many investments govt charged him with wfraud
bull he was found guilty and eventually deported to Jamaica but his organization continued to exist
CelebritiesBabe Ruth ampTy Cobb
Jack Dempsey
Charles Lindbergh
The Spirit of St Louis
Notables
bull Charles Lindbergh ndash first to fly across the Atlantic
bull Babe Ruth ndash may be the best known baseball player
bull Henry Ford ndash the assembly line his most important invention also developed the Model T ford
bull Welfare capitalism ndash Companies allowed workers to buy stock participate in profit sharing and receive benefits such as medical care and pensions
Notables
bull Open shop ndash a workplace where employees were not required to join a union
bull In 1920 Westinghouse Company broadcast one of the first public broadcast in history
bull 1926 National Broadcasting Company (NBC) established a permanent network of stations to distribute daily programs
bull 1928 Columbia Broadcasting System (CBS) assembled a coast-to-coast network of stations
Slides
bull Some of the slides used came from a internet site Please be aware that I am using them for educational purposes and they may not be usable due to copyright laws
The Red Scarebull Revolution in Russia brought the Communists to power
bull Many Americans frustrated by big business owners joined the Communist Party
bull Thousands of strikes in 1919 and 1920
bull Bombs were sent to government and business leaders
Anti-Immigration
bull Cause Red Scare ndash Belief of the early 20rsquos that Communists would try to take over the US
bull A Mitchell Palmer ndash leader of Red Scare
bull Open immigration Rise of new Ku Klux Klan
bull New Immigrants most affected by the Red Scare
bull Return of Nativism
bull KKK grows to over 5 million people
The Palmer Raids
bull A Mitchell Palmer Attorney General ordered raids to hunt down suspected Communists
bull Civil rights were ignored
bullAgents searched without a search warrant
bull People were arrested and held without trial
bull Immigrants were deported
bull at this time W Wilson was gravely ill following a stroke
bull his Attorney General A Mitchell Palmer wanted to take a shot at the presidency - he used fears of both immigrants and communism to his advantage
bull he had J Edgar Hoover round up suspected radicals many of which were deported (Palmer Raids)
The KKK Rises Again
Wantagh LI
Babylon LI Mineola LI Washington DC
bull The Ku Klux Klan rises to power again ndash believed in 100 Americanism
Targetedbull Blacksbull Immigrantsbull Jewsbull Roman Catholics
KKK in Washington 1925
The Ku Klux KlanGreat increase
In power
Anti-black
Anti-immigrant
Anti-womenrsquos suffrage
Anti-bootleggers
Anti-Semitic
Anti-Catholic
Effects of Anti-Immigration
bull Court Case Sacco amp Vanzetti ndash two radical Italian immigrants were arrested convicted and executed for murder
Sacco and Vanzetti (1927)
bullAnarchist Italian immigrants convicted of murderbull Not given fair trialbull Executed bullCleared of charges in 1977
A Society in Conflictbull Anti-immigrant
ndash National Origins Act
ndash Discrimination
Sacco-Vanzetti Trial
ndash Italian immigrants
ndash Unfair trial
bull for immigrants ndash the point of origin had shifted to S amp E Europe and new religions appeared Jewish Orthodox Catholic
bull N European immigrants of early 19c feared this shift and felt it would undermine Protestant values
bull this fear was known as NATIVISMbull many wanted Congress to restrict
immigration leading to a quota system that favoured n areas of Europe
bull fear of immigrants (from SE Europe) led to a sentiment known as the Red Scare (fear of comm post-Bolshevik Rev)
bull basic comm advocates a intl revolution by the proletariatworkers -fears that this ideology could find its way into the US
Effects of Anti-Immigration
bull Immigration controls
bull Emergency Quota act
(1921) amp National
Quota Act (1924)
bull Limit the number of
Immigrants from
ldquodangerousrdquo countries
Laissez-faire
bull Return the power
of big business
bull Government
crackdown on
labor unions
-labor unions seen
as communist
supporters
Global Policies
bull The United States hope to become isolationist again
Small Towns v Big Cities
bull 1920 Census
bull gt50 of all
Americans lived in Cities
bull Farmers less
Important
Fundamentalism
bull Religious movement
of the era that
hoped to restore the
morality of America
bull Supporters Rural areas
Scopes Monkey Trial
bull Evolution vs The Bible
bull Science City
bull Bible Rural
bull Evolution is Darwinrsquos Theory that man evolved over time from monkeys
bull The Bible teaches creationism ndash God created man and all the world
Scopes ldquoMonkeyrdquo TrialEvolution vs Creationism
Dayton TennesseeFamous Lawyers
Science vs Religion
John Scopes
High School Biology teacher
SCOPES TRIAL
In March 1925 Tennessee passed the nationrsquos first law that made it a crime to teach evolution
John Scopes arrested
Scopes was a biology teacher who
dared to teach his students that man
derived from lower species
Fundamentalism
bull Scopes Monkey Trial ndash a science teacher from Tennessee wanted to teach evolution but the school would not allow it and he sued
bull ACLU ndash American Civil Liberties Union backed the teacher
bull William Jennings Bryan represented the creationist
bull Clarence Darrow represented the evolutionist
Scopes Trial
bull Fundamentalists believed the Bible was literally true and without error
bull They rejected Darwinrsquos theory of evolution
bull Evolution ndash human beings had developed from lower forms of life over the course of millions of year
bull The creationists won the trial but because of the trial the Fundamentalists fell out of favor
Scopes was found guilty and fined $100
Scopes Monkey Trial
Prohibition18th Amendment Volstead Act
Gangsters
Al Capone
Prohibition
bull The 18th amendment ndash banned the production and sale of alcohol
bull The Volstead Act ndash enforcing Prohibition became the responsibility of the US Treasury Department
bull Granted federal and state governments the power to enforce Prohibition
PROHIBITION
18th Amendment in 1920
illegal to make sell or transport liquor
Prohibition lasted from 1920
to 1933 when it was repealed
by the 21st Amendment
bull PROHIBITION - on manuf and sale of alcohol
bull adopted in 1919 - 18th AMENDMENT
bull an outgrowth of the longtime temperance movement
bull in WWI temperance became a patriotic mvmt - drunkenness caused low productivity amp inefficiency and alcohol needed to treat the wounded
bull a difficult law to enforce organized crime speakeasies bootleggers were on the rise
bull Al Capone virtually controlled Chicago in this period -capitalism at its zenithhellip
bull Prohibition finally ended in 1933 w the 21st Amendment
bull forced organized crime to pursue other interestshellip
Prohibitionbull Speakeasies ndash secret bars where you could buy
alcohol
bull Crime was glamorized and became big business Some gangsters had enough money to corrupt local politicians (organized crime)
bull Al Capone ndash one of the most successful and violent gangsters of the time
bull Bonnie and Clyde Baby Faced Nelson John Dillinger all famous during this time period
bull The Twenty-first Amendment ended Prohibition
The Speakeasy
Al Capone
Bootlegged whiskey from Canada
ran a network of 10000 speakeasies
made $60 million in bootlegging
He killed off the competition (literally)
Rise of organized crime and the Mob
bullProhibition caused a RISE in crime and lawlessness not a decrease
bull21st Amendment repeals Prohibition
Why Prohibition Failed
1Unpopular
2Led to organized crime
3Death due to poor quality alcohol
4Under funded and hard to enforce
1500 agents were responsible for enforcing
Al Capone
THE TWENTIES WOMAN
After World War I Americans were looking for a little fun in the 1920s
Chicago
1926
Why were women able to become more independent after WWI
bull 1920s also brought about great changes for women
bull 1920 - 19th Amendment gave them the federal vote
bull after 1920 social circumstances changed too as more women worked outside the home
bull and more women went to college and clamoured to join the professions
bull women didnt want to sacrifice wartime gains -amounted to a social revolt
bull characterized by the FLAPPER new womanndash (bobbed hair short dresses
smoked in public)
19th Amendment (1920)
NEW ROLES FOR WOMEN
bull More women workingndash Usually single or widowed womenndash Many women entered the workplace as nurses
teachers librarians amp secretariesndash Income to spend
bull Technology made life easierndash Stoves refrigerators vacuum cleanershellip
bull Margaret Sangerndash Birth control movementndash Family size decreases
Traditional Role of Women
bull Flappers A young woman with short skirts and rouged cheeks who had her hair cropped close in a style known as a bob
bull Women gained the right to vote with passage of the nineteenth amendment
THE FLAPPER
A Flapper was a young woman who embraced the new fashions and urban attitudes
Wanted independence
Rebelled against traditional roles
The 20rsquos is The Jazz AgeThe Flappers
make up
cigarettes
short skirts
MusiciansLouis Armstrong
Duke Ellington
WritersF Scott Fitzgerald
Ernest Hemingway
Culture of the Roaring 20rsquosRadio
KDKA Pittsburgh
GE Westinghouseamp RCA
form NBC
Silent Movies
Charlie Chaplin
ldquoTalkiesrdquoThe Jazz SingerStarring Al Jolson
Mary PickfordldquoAmericarsquos Sweetheartrdquo
Cultural Innovations
bull Talking picture ndash The Jazz Singer ndash was produced and the golden age of Hollywood began
bull Mass media ndash radio movies newspapers and magazines aimed at a broad audience ndash did more than just entertain
bull They helped to broaden peoplersquos interests and fostered a sense of shared national experience
ENTERTAINMENT AND ARTS
First sound movies Jazz Singer (1927)
First animated with sound Steamboat Willie (1928)
By 1930 millions ofAmericans went to the movies each week
Walt Disneys animated Steamboat
Willie marked the debut of Mickey
Mouse It was a seven minute long
black and white cartoon
African American Culture
bull The Great Migration ndash hundreds of thousands of African Americans move from the rural South to industrial cities in the North
bull Harlem Renaissance ndash African Americans created an environment that stimulated artistic development racial pride and a sense of community
bull Langston Hughes (writer) Louis Armstrong (trumpet player) Duke Ellington (bandleader)
Harlem Renaissance
In the 1920s it was home to a literary and artistic revival known as the Harlem Renaissance
WHAT MADE THE HARLEM RENAISSANCE POSSIBLE
Between 1910 and 1920 the Great Migration saw hundreds of thousands of African Americans move north to big cities
Migration of the Negro by
Jacob Lawrence
Harlem Renaissancebull Writers
ndash Langston Hughes (Poet)ndash Zora Neale Hurston (Writer)
bull Famous Jazz Musiciansndash ldquoDukerdquo Ellington ndash Louis Armstrong ndash Bessie Smith
bull Cotton Club famous Jazz Club in Harlemndash Blacks usually denied admission
Black Nationalism
bull Pan-Africanism aimed to unite people of African descent worldwide
bull Marcus Garvey
Universal Negro Improvement Associationndash Aims African-American
economic independence amp a Black homeland in Africa
bull Marcus Garvey (Jamaican born immigrant) established the Universal Negro Improvement Association
bull believed in Black pride
bull advocated racial segregation bc of Black superiority
bull Garvey believed Blacks should return to Africa
bull he purchased a ship to start the Black Star line
bull attracted many investments govt charged him with wfraud
bull he was found guilty and eventually deported to Jamaica but his organization continued to exist
CelebritiesBabe Ruth ampTy Cobb
Jack Dempsey
Charles Lindbergh
The Spirit of St Louis
Notables
bull Charles Lindbergh ndash first to fly across the Atlantic
bull Babe Ruth ndash may be the best known baseball player
bull Henry Ford ndash the assembly line his most important invention also developed the Model T ford
bull Welfare capitalism ndash Companies allowed workers to buy stock participate in profit sharing and receive benefits such as medical care and pensions
Notables
bull Open shop ndash a workplace where employees were not required to join a union
bull In 1920 Westinghouse Company broadcast one of the first public broadcast in history
bull 1926 National Broadcasting Company (NBC) established a permanent network of stations to distribute daily programs
bull 1928 Columbia Broadcasting System (CBS) assembled a coast-to-coast network of stations
Slides
bull Some of the slides used came from a internet site Please be aware that I am using them for educational purposes and they may not be usable due to copyright laws
Anti-Immigration
bull Cause Red Scare ndash Belief of the early 20rsquos that Communists would try to take over the US
bull A Mitchell Palmer ndash leader of Red Scare
bull Open immigration Rise of new Ku Klux Klan
bull New Immigrants most affected by the Red Scare
bull Return of Nativism
bull KKK grows to over 5 million people
The Palmer Raids
bull A Mitchell Palmer Attorney General ordered raids to hunt down suspected Communists
bull Civil rights were ignored
bullAgents searched without a search warrant
bull People were arrested and held without trial
bull Immigrants were deported
bull at this time W Wilson was gravely ill following a stroke
bull his Attorney General A Mitchell Palmer wanted to take a shot at the presidency - he used fears of both immigrants and communism to his advantage
bull he had J Edgar Hoover round up suspected radicals many of which were deported (Palmer Raids)
The KKK Rises Again
Wantagh LI
Babylon LI Mineola LI Washington DC
bull The Ku Klux Klan rises to power again ndash believed in 100 Americanism
Targetedbull Blacksbull Immigrantsbull Jewsbull Roman Catholics
KKK in Washington 1925
The Ku Klux KlanGreat increase
In power
Anti-black
Anti-immigrant
Anti-womenrsquos suffrage
Anti-bootleggers
Anti-Semitic
Anti-Catholic
Effects of Anti-Immigration
bull Court Case Sacco amp Vanzetti ndash two radical Italian immigrants were arrested convicted and executed for murder
Sacco and Vanzetti (1927)
bullAnarchist Italian immigrants convicted of murderbull Not given fair trialbull Executed bullCleared of charges in 1977
A Society in Conflictbull Anti-immigrant
ndash National Origins Act
ndash Discrimination
Sacco-Vanzetti Trial
ndash Italian immigrants
ndash Unfair trial
bull for immigrants ndash the point of origin had shifted to S amp E Europe and new religions appeared Jewish Orthodox Catholic
bull N European immigrants of early 19c feared this shift and felt it would undermine Protestant values
bull this fear was known as NATIVISMbull many wanted Congress to restrict
immigration leading to a quota system that favoured n areas of Europe
bull fear of immigrants (from SE Europe) led to a sentiment known as the Red Scare (fear of comm post-Bolshevik Rev)
bull basic comm advocates a intl revolution by the proletariatworkers -fears that this ideology could find its way into the US
Effects of Anti-Immigration
bull Immigration controls
bull Emergency Quota act
(1921) amp National
Quota Act (1924)
bull Limit the number of
Immigrants from
ldquodangerousrdquo countries
Laissez-faire
bull Return the power
of big business
bull Government
crackdown on
labor unions
-labor unions seen
as communist
supporters
Global Policies
bull The United States hope to become isolationist again
Small Towns v Big Cities
bull 1920 Census
bull gt50 of all
Americans lived in Cities
bull Farmers less
Important
Fundamentalism
bull Religious movement
of the era that
hoped to restore the
morality of America
bull Supporters Rural areas
Scopes Monkey Trial
bull Evolution vs The Bible
bull Science City
bull Bible Rural
bull Evolution is Darwinrsquos Theory that man evolved over time from monkeys
bull The Bible teaches creationism ndash God created man and all the world
Scopes ldquoMonkeyrdquo TrialEvolution vs Creationism
Dayton TennesseeFamous Lawyers
Science vs Religion
John Scopes
High School Biology teacher
SCOPES TRIAL
In March 1925 Tennessee passed the nationrsquos first law that made it a crime to teach evolution
John Scopes arrested
Scopes was a biology teacher who
dared to teach his students that man
derived from lower species
Fundamentalism
bull Scopes Monkey Trial ndash a science teacher from Tennessee wanted to teach evolution but the school would not allow it and he sued
bull ACLU ndash American Civil Liberties Union backed the teacher
bull William Jennings Bryan represented the creationist
bull Clarence Darrow represented the evolutionist
Scopes Trial
bull Fundamentalists believed the Bible was literally true and without error
bull They rejected Darwinrsquos theory of evolution
bull Evolution ndash human beings had developed from lower forms of life over the course of millions of year
bull The creationists won the trial but because of the trial the Fundamentalists fell out of favor
Scopes was found guilty and fined $100
Scopes Monkey Trial
Prohibition18th Amendment Volstead Act
Gangsters
Al Capone
Prohibition
bull The 18th amendment ndash banned the production and sale of alcohol
bull The Volstead Act ndash enforcing Prohibition became the responsibility of the US Treasury Department
bull Granted federal and state governments the power to enforce Prohibition
PROHIBITION
18th Amendment in 1920
illegal to make sell or transport liquor
Prohibition lasted from 1920
to 1933 when it was repealed
by the 21st Amendment
bull PROHIBITION - on manuf and sale of alcohol
bull adopted in 1919 - 18th AMENDMENT
bull an outgrowth of the longtime temperance movement
bull in WWI temperance became a patriotic mvmt - drunkenness caused low productivity amp inefficiency and alcohol needed to treat the wounded
bull a difficult law to enforce organized crime speakeasies bootleggers were on the rise
bull Al Capone virtually controlled Chicago in this period -capitalism at its zenithhellip
bull Prohibition finally ended in 1933 w the 21st Amendment
bull forced organized crime to pursue other interestshellip
Prohibitionbull Speakeasies ndash secret bars where you could buy
alcohol
bull Crime was glamorized and became big business Some gangsters had enough money to corrupt local politicians (organized crime)
bull Al Capone ndash one of the most successful and violent gangsters of the time
bull Bonnie and Clyde Baby Faced Nelson John Dillinger all famous during this time period
bull The Twenty-first Amendment ended Prohibition
The Speakeasy
Al Capone
Bootlegged whiskey from Canada
ran a network of 10000 speakeasies
made $60 million in bootlegging
He killed off the competition (literally)
Rise of organized crime and the Mob
bullProhibition caused a RISE in crime and lawlessness not a decrease
bull21st Amendment repeals Prohibition
Why Prohibition Failed
1Unpopular
2Led to organized crime
3Death due to poor quality alcohol
4Under funded and hard to enforce
1500 agents were responsible for enforcing
Al Capone
THE TWENTIES WOMAN
After World War I Americans were looking for a little fun in the 1920s
Chicago
1926
Why were women able to become more independent after WWI
bull 1920s also brought about great changes for women
bull 1920 - 19th Amendment gave them the federal vote
bull after 1920 social circumstances changed too as more women worked outside the home
bull and more women went to college and clamoured to join the professions
bull women didnt want to sacrifice wartime gains -amounted to a social revolt
bull characterized by the FLAPPER new womanndash (bobbed hair short dresses
smoked in public)
19th Amendment (1920)
NEW ROLES FOR WOMEN
bull More women workingndash Usually single or widowed womenndash Many women entered the workplace as nurses
teachers librarians amp secretariesndash Income to spend
bull Technology made life easierndash Stoves refrigerators vacuum cleanershellip
bull Margaret Sangerndash Birth control movementndash Family size decreases
Traditional Role of Women
bull Flappers A young woman with short skirts and rouged cheeks who had her hair cropped close in a style known as a bob
bull Women gained the right to vote with passage of the nineteenth amendment
THE FLAPPER
A Flapper was a young woman who embraced the new fashions and urban attitudes
Wanted independence
Rebelled against traditional roles
The 20rsquos is The Jazz AgeThe Flappers
make up
cigarettes
short skirts
MusiciansLouis Armstrong
Duke Ellington
WritersF Scott Fitzgerald
Ernest Hemingway
Culture of the Roaring 20rsquosRadio
KDKA Pittsburgh
GE Westinghouseamp RCA
form NBC
Silent Movies
Charlie Chaplin
ldquoTalkiesrdquoThe Jazz SingerStarring Al Jolson
Mary PickfordldquoAmericarsquos Sweetheartrdquo
Cultural Innovations
bull Talking picture ndash The Jazz Singer ndash was produced and the golden age of Hollywood began
bull Mass media ndash radio movies newspapers and magazines aimed at a broad audience ndash did more than just entertain
bull They helped to broaden peoplersquos interests and fostered a sense of shared national experience
ENTERTAINMENT AND ARTS
First sound movies Jazz Singer (1927)
First animated with sound Steamboat Willie (1928)
By 1930 millions ofAmericans went to the movies each week
Walt Disneys animated Steamboat
Willie marked the debut of Mickey
Mouse It was a seven minute long
black and white cartoon
African American Culture
bull The Great Migration ndash hundreds of thousands of African Americans move from the rural South to industrial cities in the North
bull Harlem Renaissance ndash African Americans created an environment that stimulated artistic development racial pride and a sense of community
bull Langston Hughes (writer) Louis Armstrong (trumpet player) Duke Ellington (bandleader)
Harlem Renaissance
In the 1920s it was home to a literary and artistic revival known as the Harlem Renaissance
WHAT MADE THE HARLEM RENAISSANCE POSSIBLE
Between 1910 and 1920 the Great Migration saw hundreds of thousands of African Americans move north to big cities
Migration of the Negro by
Jacob Lawrence
Harlem Renaissancebull Writers
ndash Langston Hughes (Poet)ndash Zora Neale Hurston (Writer)
bull Famous Jazz Musiciansndash ldquoDukerdquo Ellington ndash Louis Armstrong ndash Bessie Smith
bull Cotton Club famous Jazz Club in Harlemndash Blacks usually denied admission
Black Nationalism
bull Pan-Africanism aimed to unite people of African descent worldwide
bull Marcus Garvey
Universal Negro Improvement Associationndash Aims African-American
economic independence amp a Black homeland in Africa
bull Marcus Garvey (Jamaican born immigrant) established the Universal Negro Improvement Association
bull believed in Black pride
bull advocated racial segregation bc of Black superiority
bull Garvey believed Blacks should return to Africa
bull he purchased a ship to start the Black Star line
bull attracted many investments govt charged him with wfraud
bull he was found guilty and eventually deported to Jamaica but his organization continued to exist
CelebritiesBabe Ruth ampTy Cobb
Jack Dempsey
Charles Lindbergh
The Spirit of St Louis
Notables
bull Charles Lindbergh ndash first to fly across the Atlantic
bull Babe Ruth ndash may be the best known baseball player
bull Henry Ford ndash the assembly line his most important invention also developed the Model T ford
bull Welfare capitalism ndash Companies allowed workers to buy stock participate in profit sharing and receive benefits such as medical care and pensions
Notables
bull Open shop ndash a workplace where employees were not required to join a union
bull In 1920 Westinghouse Company broadcast one of the first public broadcast in history
bull 1926 National Broadcasting Company (NBC) established a permanent network of stations to distribute daily programs
bull 1928 Columbia Broadcasting System (CBS) assembled a coast-to-coast network of stations
Slides
bull Some of the slides used came from a internet site Please be aware that I am using them for educational purposes and they may not be usable due to copyright laws
The Palmer Raids
bull A Mitchell Palmer Attorney General ordered raids to hunt down suspected Communists
bull Civil rights were ignored
bullAgents searched without a search warrant
bull People were arrested and held without trial
bull Immigrants were deported
bull at this time W Wilson was gravely ill following a stroke
bull his Attorney General A Mitchell Palmer wanted to take a shot at the presidency - he used fears of both immigrants and communism to his advantage
bull he had J Edgar Hoover round up suspected radicals many of which were deported (Palmer Raids)
The KKK Rises Again
Wantagh LI
Babylon LI Mineola LI Washington DC
bull The Ku Klux Klan rises to power again ndash believed in 100 Americanism
Targetedbull Blacksbull Immigrantsbull Jewsbull Roman Catholics
KKK in Washington 1925
The Ku Klux KlanGreat increase
In power
Anti-black
Anti-immigrant
Anti-womenrsquos suffrage
Anti-bootleggers
Anti-Semitic
Anti-Catholic
Effects of Anti-Immigration
bull Court Case Sacco amp Vanzetti ndash two radical Italian immigrants were arrested convicted and executed for murder
Sacco and Vanzetti (1927)
bullAnarchist Italian immigrants convicted of murderbull Not given fair trialbull Executed bullCleared of charges in 1977
A Society in Conflictbull Anti-immigrant
ndash National Origins Act
ndash Discrimination
Sacco-Vanzetti Trial
ndash Italian immigrants
ndash Unfair trial
bull for immigrants ndash the point of origin had shifted to S amp E Europe and new religions appeared Jewish Orthodox Catholic
bull N European immigrants of early 19c feared this shift and felt it would undermine Protestant values
bull this fear was known as NATIVISMbull many wanted Congress to restrict
immigration leading to a quota system that favoured n areas of Europe
bull fear of immigrants (from SE Europe) led to a sentiment known as the Red Scare (fear of comm post-Bolshevik Rev)
bull basic comm advocates a intl revolution by the proletariatworkers -fears that this ideology could find its way into the US
Effects of Anti-Immigration
bull Immigration controls
bull Emergency Quota act
(1921) amp National
Quota Act (1924)
bull Limit the number of
Immigrants from
ldquodangerousrdquo countries
Laissez-faire
bull Return the power
of big business
bull Government
crackdown on
labor unions
-labor unions seen
as communist
supporters
Global Policies
bull The United States hope to become isolationist again
Small Towns v Big Cities
bull 1920 Census
bull gt50 of all
Americans lived in Cities
bull Farmers less
Important
Fundamentalism
bull Religious movement
of the era that
hoped to restore the
morality of America
bull Supporters Rural areas
Scopes Monkey Trial
bull Evolution vs The Bible
bull Science City
bull Bible Rural
bull Evolution is Darwinrsquos Theory that man evolved over time from monkeys
bull The Bible teaches creationism ndash God created man and all the world
Scopes ldquoMonkeyrdquo TrialEvolution vs Creationism
Dayton TennesseeFamous Lawyers
Science vs Religion
John Scopes
High School Biology teacher
SCOPES TRIAL
In March 1925 Tennessee passed the nationrsquos first law that made it a crime to teach evolution
John Scopes arrested
Scopes was a biology teacher who
dared to teach his students that man
derived from lower species
Fundamentalism
bull Scopes Monkey Trial ndash a science teacher from Tennessee wanted to teach evolution but the school would not allow it and he sued
bull ACLU ndash American Civil Liberties Union backed the teacher
bull William Jennings Bryan represented the creationist
bull Clarence Darrow represented the evolutionist
Scopes Trial
bull Fundamentalists believed the Bible was literally true and without error
bull They rejected Darwinrsquos theory of evolution
bull Evolution ndash human beings had developed from lower forms of life over the course of millions of year
bull The creationists won the trial but because of the trial the Fundamentalists fell out of favor
Scopes was found guilty and fined $100
Scopes Monkey Trial
Prohibition18th Amendment Volstead Act
Gangsters
Al Capone
Prohibition
bull The 18th amendment ndash banned the production and sale of alcohol
bull The Volstead Act ndash enforcing Prohibition became the responsibility of the US Treasury Department
bull Granted federal and state governments the power to enforce Prohibition
PROHIBITION
18th Amendment in 1920
illegal to make sell or transport liquor
Prohibition lasted from 1920
to 1933 when it was repealed
by the 21st Amendment
bull PROHIBITION - on manuf and sale of alcohol
bull adopted in 1919 - 18th AMENDMENT
bull an outgrowth of the longtime temperance movement
bull in WWI temperance became a patriotic mvmt - drunkenness caused low productivity amp inefficiency and alcohol needed to treat the wounded
bull a difficult law to enforce organized crime speakeasies bootleggers were on the rise
bull Al Capone virtually controlled Chicago in this period -capitalism at its zenithhellip
bull Prohibition finally ended in 1933 w the 21st Amendment
bull forced organized crime to pursue other interestshellip
Prohibitionbull Speakeasies ndash secret bars where you could buy
alcohol
bull Crime was glamorized and became big business Some gangsters had enough money to corrupt local politicians (organized crime)
bull Al Capone ndash one of the most successful and violent gangsters of the time
bull Bonnie and Clyde Baby Faced Nelson John Dillinger all famous during this time period
bull The Twenty-first Amendment ended Prohibition
The Speakeasy
Al Capone
Bootlegged whiskey from Canada
ran a network of 10000 speakeasies
made $60 million in bootlegging
He killed off the competition (literally)
Rise of organized crime and the Mob
bullProhibition caused a RISE in crime and lawlessness not a decrease
bull21st Amendment repeals Prohibition
Why Prohibition Failed
1Unpopular
2Led to organized crime
3Death due to poor quality alcohol
4Under funded and hard to enforce
1500 agents were responsible for enforcing
Al Capone
THE TWENTIES WOMAN
After World War I Americans were looking for a little fun in the 1920s
Chicago
1926
Why were women able to become more independent after WWI
bull 1920s also brought about great changes for women
bull 1920 - 19th Amendment gave them the federal vote
bull after 1920 social circumstances changed too as more women worked outside the home
bull and more women went to college and clamoured to join the professions
bull women didnt want to sacrifice wartime gains -amounted to a social revolt
bull characterized by the FLAPPER new womanndash (bobbed hair short dresses
smoked in public)
19th Amendment (1920)
NEW ROLES FOR WOMEN
bull More women workingndash Usually single or widowed womenndash Many women entered the workplace as nurses
teachers librarians amp secretariesndash Income to spend
bull Technology made life easierndash Stoves refrigerators vacuum cleanershellip
bull Margaret Sangerndash Birth control movementndash Family size decreases
Traditional Role of Women
bull Flappers A young woman with short skirts and rouged cheeks who had her hair cropped close in a style known as a bob
bull Women gained the right to vote with passage of the nineteenth amendment
THE FLAPPER
A Flapper was a young woman who embraced the new fashions and urban attitudes
Wanted independence
Rebelled against traditional roles
The 20rsquos is The Jazz AgeThe Flappers
make up
cigarettes
short skirts
MusiciansLouis Armstrong
Duke Ellington
WritersF Scott Fitzgerald
Ernest Hemingway
Culture of the Roaring 20rsquosRadio
KDKA Pittsburgh
GE Westinghouseamp RCA
form NBC
Silent Movies
Charlie Chaplin
ldquoTalkiesrdquoThe Jazz SingerStarring Al Jolson
Mary PickfordldquoAmericarsquos Sweetheartrdquo
Cultural Innovations
bull Talking picture ndash The Jazz Singer ndash was produced and the golden age of Hollywood began
bull Mass media ndash radio movies newspapers and magazines aimed at a broad audience ndash did more than just entertain
bull They helped to broaden peoplersquos interests and fostered a sense of shared national experience
ENTERTAINMENT AND ARTS
First sound movies Jazz Singer (1927)
First animated with sound Steamboat Willie (1928)
By 1930 millions ofAmericans went to the movies each week
Walt Disneys animated Steamboat
Willie marked the debut of Mickey
Mouse It was a seven minute long
black and white cartoon
African American Culture
bull The Great Migration ndash hundreds of thousands of African Americans move from the rural South to industrial cities in the North
bull Harlem Renaissance ndash African Americans created an environment that stimulated artistic development racial pride and a sense of community
bull Langston Hughes (writer) Louis Armstrong (trumpet player) Duke Ellington (bandleader)
Harlem Renaissance
In the 1920s it was home to a literary and artistic revival known as the Harlem Renaissance
WHAT MADE THE HARLEM RENAISSANCE POSSIBLE
Between 1910 and 1920 the Great Migration saw hundreds of thousands of African Americans move north to big cities
Migration of the Negro by
Jacob Lawrence
Harlem Renaissancebull Writers
ndash Langston Hughes (Poet)ndash Zora Neale Hurston (Writer)
bull Famous Jazz Musiciansndash ldquoDukerdquo Ellington ndash Louis Armstrong ndash Bessie Smith
bull Cotton Club famous Jazz Club in Harlemndash Blacks usually denied admission
Black Nationalism
bull Pan-Africanism aimed to unite people of African descent worldwide
bull Marcus Garvey
Universal Negro Improvement Associationndash Aims African-American
economic independence amp a Black homeland in Africa
bull Marcus Garvey (Jamaican born immigrant) established the Universal Negro Improvement Association
bull believed in Black pride
bull advocated racial segregation bc of Black superiority
bull Garvey believed Blacks should return to Africa
bull he purchased a ship to start the Black Star line
bull attracted many investments govt charged him with wfraud
bull he was found guilty and eventually deported to Jamaica but his organization continued to exist
CelebritiesBabe Ruth ampTy Cobb
Jack Dempsey
Charles Lindbergh
The Spirit of St Louis
Notables
bull Charles Lindbergh ndash first to fly across the Atlantic
bull Babe Ruth ndash may be the best known baseball player
bull Henry Ford ndash the assembly line his most important invention also developed the Model T ford
bull Welfare capitalism ndash Companies allowed workers to buy stock participate in profit sharing and receive benefits such as medical care and pensions
Notables
bull Open shop ndash a workplace where employees were not required to join a union
bull In 1920 Westinghouse Company broadcast one of the first public broadcast in history
bull 1926 National Broadcasting Company (NBC) established a permanent network of stations to distribute daily programs
bull 1928 Columbia Broadcasting System (CBS) assembled a coast-to-coast network of stations
Slides
bull Some of the slides used came from a internet site Please be aware that I am using them for educational purposes and they may not be usable due to copyright laws
bull at this time W Wilson was gravely ill following a stroke
bull his Attorney General A Mitchell Palmer wanted to take a shot at the presidency - he used fears of both immigrants and communism to his advantage
bull he had J Edgar Hoover round up suspected radicals many of which were deported (Palmer Raids)
The KKK Rises Again
Wantagh LI
Babylon LI Mineola LI Washington DC
bull The Ku Klux Klan rises to power again ndash believed in 100 Americanism
Targetedbull Blacksbull Immigrantsbull Jewsbull Roman Catholics
KKK in Washington 1925
The Ku Klux KlanGreat increase
In power
Anti-black
Anti-immigrant
Anti-womenrsquos suffrage
Anti-bootleggers
Anti-Semitic
Anti-Catholic
Effects of Anti-Immigration
bull Court Case Sacco amp Vanzetti ndash two radical Italian immigrants were arrested convicted and executed for murder
Sacco and Vanzetti (1927)
bullAnarchist Italian immigrants convicted of murderbull Not given fair trialbull Executed bullCleared of charges in 1977
A Society in Conflictbull Anti-immigrant
ndash National Origins Act
ndash Discrimination
Sacco-Vanzetti Trial
ndash Italian immigrants
ndash Unfair trial
bull for immigrants ndash the point of origin had shifted to S amp E Europe and new religions appeared Jewish Orthodox Catholic
bull N European immigrants of early 19c feared this shift and felt it would undermine Protestant values
bull this fear was known as NATIVISMbull many wanted Congress to restrict
immigration leading to a quota system that favoured n areas of Europe
bull fear of immigrants (from SE Europe) led to a sentiment known as the Red Scare (fear of comm post-Bolshevik Rev)
bull basic comm advocates a intl revolution by the proletariatworkers -fears that this ideology could find its way into the US
Effects of Anti-Immigration
bull Immigration controls
bull Emergency Quota act
(1921) amp National
Quota Act (1924)
bull Limit the number of
Immigrants from
ldquodangerousrdquo countries
Laissez-faire
bull Return the power
of big business
bull Government
crackdown on
labor unions
-labor unions seen
as communist
supporters
Global Policies
bull The United States hope to become isolationist again
Small Towns v Big Cities
bull 1920 Census
bull gt50 of all
Americans lived in Cities
bull Farmers less
Important
Fundamentalism
bull Religious movement
of the era that
hoped to restore the
morality of America
bull Supporters Rural areas
Scopes Monkey Trial
bull Evolution vs The Bible
bull Science City
bull Bible Rural
bull Evolution is Darwinrsquos Theory that man evolved over time from monkeys
bull The Bible teaches creationism ndash God created man and all the world
Scopes ldquoMonkeyrdquo TrialEvolution vs Creationism
Dayton TennesseeFamous Lawyers
Science vs Religion
John Scopes
High School Biology teacher
SCOPES TRIAL
In March 1925 Tennessee passed the nationrsquos first law that made it a crime to teach evolution
John Scopes arrested
Scopes was a biology teacher who
dared to teach his students that man
derived from lower species
Fundamentalism
bull Scopes Monkey Trial ndash a science teacher from Tennessee wanted to teach evolution but the school would not allow it and he sued
bull ACLU ndash American Civil Liberties Union backed the teacher
bull William Jennings Bryan represented the creationist
bull Clarence Darrow represented the evolutionist
Scopes Trial
bull Fundamentalists believed the Bible was literally true and without error
bull They rejected Darwinrsquos theory of evolution
bull Evolution ndash human beings had developed from lower forms of life over the course of millions of year
bull The creationists won the trial but because of the trial the Fundamentalists fell out of favor
Scopes was found guilty and fined $100
Scopes Monkey Trial
Prohibition18th Amendment Volstead Act
Gangsters
Al Capone
Prohibition
bull The 18th amendment ndash banned the production and sale of alcohol
bull The Volstead Act ndash enforcing Prohibition became the responsibility of the US Treasury Department
bull Granted federal and state governments the power to enforce Prohibition
PROHIBITION
18th Amendment in 1920
illegal to make sell or transport liquor
Prohibition lasted from 1920
to 1933 when it was repealed
by the 21st Amendment
bull PROHIBITION - on manuf and sale of alcohol
bull adopted in 1919 - 18th AMENDMENT
bull an outgrowth of the longtime temperance movement
bull in WWI temperance became a patriotic mvmt - drunkenness caused low productivity amp inefficiency and alcohol needed to treat the wounded
bull a difficult law to enforce organized crime speakeasies bootleggers were on the rise
bull Al Capone virtually controlled Chicago in this period -capitalism at its zenithhellip
bull Prohibition finally ended in 1933 w the 21st Amendment
bull forced organized crime to pursue other interestshellip
Prohibitionbull Speakeasies ndash secret bars where you could buy
alcohol
bull Crime was glamorized and became big business Some gangsters had enough money to corrupt local politicians (organized crime)
bull Al Capone ndash one of the most successful and violent gangsters of the time
bull Bonnie and Clyde Baby Faced Nelson John Dillinger all famous during this time period
bull The Twenty-first Amendment ended Prohibition
The Speakeasy
Al Capone
Bootlegged whiskey from Canada
ran a network of 10000 speakeasies
made $60 million in bootlegging
He killed off the competition (literally)
Rise of organized crime and the Mob
bullProhibition caused a RISE in crime and lawlessness not a decrease
bull21st Amendment repeals Prohibition
Why Prohibition Failed
1Unpopular
2Led to organized crime
3Death due to poor quality alcohol
4Under funded and hard to enforce
1500 agents were responsible for enforcing
Al Capone
THE TWENTIES WOMAN
After World War I Americans were looking for a little fun in the 1920s
Chicago
1926
Why were women able to become more independent after WWI
bull 1920s also brought about great changes for women
bull 1920 - 19th Amendment gave them the federal vote
bull after 1920 social circumstances changed too as more women worked outside the home
bull and more women went to college and clamoured to join the professions
bull women didnt want to sacrifice wartime gains -amounted to a social revolt
bull characterized by the FLAPPER new womanndash (bobbed hair short dresses
smoked in public)
19th Amendment (1920)
NEW ROLES FOR WOMEN
bull More women workingndash Usually single or widowed womenndash Many women entered the workplace as nurses
teachers librarians amp secretariesndash Income to spend
bull Technology made life easierndash Stoves refrigerators vacuum cleanershellip
bull Margaret Sangerndash Birth control movementndash Family size decreases
Traditional Role of Women
bull Flappers A young woman with short skirts and rouged cheeks who had her hair cropped close in a style known as a bob
bull Women gained the right to vote with passage of the nineteenth amendment
THE FLAPPER
A Flapper was a young woman who embraced the new fashions and urban attitudes
Wanted independence
Rebelled against traditional roles
The 20rsquos is The Jazz AgeThe Flappers
make up
cigarettes
short skirts
MusiciansLouis Armstrong
Duke Ellington
WritersF Scott Fitzgerald
Ernest Hemingway
Culture of the Roaring 20rsquosRadio
KDKA Pittsburgh
GE Westinghouseamp RCA
form NBC
Silent Movies
Charlie Chaplin
ldquoTalkiesrdquoThe Jazz SingerStarring Al Jolson
Mary PickfordldquoAmericarsquos Sweetheartrdquo
Cultural Innovations
bull Talking picture ndash The Jazz Singer ndash was produced and the golden age of Hollywood began
bull Mass media ndash radio movies newspapers and magazines aimed at a broad audience ndash did more than just entertain
bull They helped to broaden peoplersquos interests and fostered a sense of shared national experience
ENTERTAINMENT AND ARTS
First sound movies Jazz Singer (1927)
First animated with sound Steamboat Willie (1928)
By 1930 millions ofAmericans went to the movies each week
Walt Disneys animated Steamboat
Willie marked the debut of Mickey
Mouse It was a seven minute long
black and white cartoon
African American Culture
bull The Great Migration ndash hundreds of thousands of African Americans move from the rural South to industrial cities in the North
bull Harlem Renaissance ndash African Americans created an environment that stimulated artistic development racial pride and a sense of community
bull Langston Hughes (writer) Louis Armstrong (trumpet player) Duke Ellington (bandleader)
Harlem Renaissance
In the 1920s it was home to a literary and artistic revival known as the Harlem Renaissance
WHAT MADE THE HARLEM RENAISSANCE POSSIBLE
Between 1910 and 1920 the Great Migration saw hundreds of thousands of African Americans move north to big cities
Migration of the Negro by
Jacob Lawrence
Harlem Renaissancebull Writers
ndash Langston Hughes (Poet)ndash Zora Neale Hurston (Writer)
bull Famous Jazz Musiciansndash ldquoDukerdquo Ellington ndash Louis Armstrong ndash Bessie Smith
bull Cotton Club famous Jazz Club in Harlemndash Blacks usually denied admission
Black Nationalism
bull Pan-Africanism aimed to unite people of African descent worldwide
bull Marcus Garvey
Universal Negro Improvement Associationndash Aims African-American
economic independence amp a Black homeland in Africa
bull Marcus Garvey (Jamaican born immigrant) established the Universal Negro Improvement Association
bull believed in Black pride
bull advocated racial segregation bc of Black superiority
bull Garvey believed Blacks should return to Africa
bull he purchased a ship to start the Black Star line
bull attracted many investments govt charged him with wfraud
bull he was found guilty and eventually deported to Jamaica but his organization continued to exist
CelebritiesBabe Ruth ampTy Cobb
Jack Dempsey
Charles Lindbergh
The Spirit of St Louis
Notables
bull Charles Lindbergh ndash first to fly across the Atlantic
bull Babe Ruth ndash may be the best known baseball player
bull Henry Ford ndash the assembly line his most important invention also developed the Model T ford
bull Welfare capitalism ndash Companies allowed workers to buy stock participate in profit sharing and receive benefits such as medical care and pensions
Notables
bull Open shop ndash a workplace where employees were not required to join a union
bull In 1920 Westinghouse Company broadcast one of the first public broadcast in history
bull 1926 National Broadcasting Company (NBC) established a permanent network of stations to distribute daily programs
bull 1928 Columbia Broadcasting System (CBS) assembled a coast-to-coast network of stations
Slides
bull Some of the slides used came from a internet site Please be aware that I am using them for educational purposes and they may not be usable due to copyright laws
The KKK Rises Again
Wantagh LI
Babylon LI Mineola LI Washington DC
bull The Ku Klux Klan rises to power again ndash believed in 100 Americanism
Targetedbull Blacksbull Immigrantsbull Jewsbull Roman Catholics
KKK in Washington 1925
The Ku Klux KlanGreat increase
In power
Anti-black
Anti-immigrant
Anti-womenrsquos suffrage
Anti-bootleggers
Anti-Semitic
Anti-Catholic
Effects of Anti-Immigration
bull Court Case Sacco amp Vanzetti ndash two radical Italian immigrants were arrested convicted and executed for murder
Sacco and Vanzetti (1927)
bullAnarchist Italian immigrants convicted of murderbull Not given fair trialbull Executed bullCleared of charges in 1977
A Society in Conflictbull Anti-immigrant
ndash National Origins Act
ndash Discrimination
Sacco-Vanzetti Trial
ndash Italian immigrants
ndash Unfair trial
bull for immigrants ndash the point of origin had shifted to S amp E Europe and new religions appeared Jewish Orthodox Catholic
bull N European immigrants of early 19c feared this shift and felt it would undermine Protestant values
bull this fear was known as NATIVISMbull many wanted Congress to restrict
immigration leading to a quota system that favoured n areas of Europe
bull fear of immigrants (from SE Europe) led to a sentiment known as the Red Scare (fear of comm post-Bolshevik Rev)
bull basic comm advocates a intl revolution by the proletariatworkers -fears that this ideology could find its way into the US
Effects of Anti-Immigration
bull Immigration controls
bull Emergency Quota act
(1921) amp National
Quota Act (1924)
bull Limit the number of
Immigrants from
ldquodangerousrdquo countries
Laissez-faire
bull Return the power
of big business
bull Government
crackdown on
labor unions
-labor unions seen
as communist
supporters
Global Policies
bull The United States hope to become isolationist again
Small Towns v Big Cities
bull 1920 Census
bull gt50 of all
Americans lived in Cities
bull Farmers less
Important
Fundamentalism
bull Religious movement
of the era that
hoped to restore the
morality of America
bull Supporters Rural areas
Scopes Monkey Trial
bull Evolution vs The Bible
bull Science City
bull Bible Rural
bull Evolution is Darwinrsquos Theory that man evolved over time from monkeys
bull The Bible teaches creationism ndash God created man and all the world
Scopes ldquoMonkeyrdquo TrialEvolution vs Creationism
Dayton TennesseeFamous Lawyers
Science vs Religion
John Scopes
High School Biology teacher
SCOPES TRIAL
In March 1925 Tennessee passed the nationrsquos first law that made it a crime to teach evolution
John Scopes arrested
Scopes was a biology teacher who
dared to teach his students that man
derived from lower species
Fundamentalism
bull Scopes Monkey Trial ndash a science teacher from Tennessee wanted to teach evolution but the school would not allow it and he sued
bull ACLU ndash American Civil Liberties Union backed the teacher
bull William Jennings Bryan represented the creationist
bull Clarence Darrow represented the evolutionist
Scopes Trial
bull Fundamentalists believed the Bible was literally true and without error
bull They rejected Darwinrsquos theory of evolution
bull Evolution ndash human beings had developed from lower forms of life over the course of millions of year
bull The creationists won the trial but because of the trial the Fundamentalists fell out of favor
Scopes was found guilty and fined $100
Scopes Monkey Trial
Prohibition18th Amendment Volstead Act
Gangsters
Al Capone
Prohibition
bull The 18th amendment ndash banned the production and sale of alcohol
bull The Volstead Act ndash enforcing Prohibition became the responsibility of the US Treasury Department
bull Granted federal and state governments the power to enforce Prohibition
PROHIBITION
18th Amendment in 1920
illegal to make sell or transport liquor
Prohibition lasted from 1920
to 1933 when it was repealed
by the 21st Amendment
bull PROHIBITION - on manuf and sale of alcohol
bull adopted in 1919 - 18th AMENDMENT
bull an outgrowth of the longtime temperance movement
bull in WWI temperance became a patriotic mvmt - drunkenness caused low productivity amp inefficiency and alcohol needed to treat the wounded
bull a difficult law to enforce organized crime speakeasies bootleggers were on the rise
bull Al Capone virtually controlled Chicago in this period -capitalism at its zenithhellip
bull Prohibition finally ended in 1933 w the 21st Amendment
bull forced organized crime to pursue other interestshellip
Prohibitionbull Speakeasies ndash secret bars where you could buy
alcohol
bull Crime was glamorized and became big business Some gangsters had enough money to corrupt local politicians (organized crime)
bull Al Capone ndash one of the most successful and violent gangsters of the time
bull Bonnie and Clyde Baby Faced Nelson John Dillinger all famous during this time period
bull The Twenty-first Amendment ended Prohibition
The Speakeasy
Al Capone
Bootlegged whiskey from Canada
ran a network of 10000 speakeasies
made $60 million in bootlegging
He killed off the competition (literally)
Rise of organized crime and the Mob
bullProhibition caused a RISE in crime and lawlessness not a decrease
bull21st Amendment repeals Prohibition
Why Prohibition Failed
1Unpopular
2Led to organized crime
3Death due to poor quality alcohol
4Under funded and hard to enforce
1500 agents were responsible for enforcing
Al Capone
THE TWENTIES WOMAN
After World War I Americans were looking for a little fun in the 1920s
Chicago
1926
Why were women able to become more independent after WWI
bull 1920s also brought about great changes for women
bull 1920 - 19th Amendment gave them the federal vote
bull after 1920 social circumstances changed too as more women worked outside the home
bull and more women went to college and clamoured to join the professions
bull women didnt want to sacrifice wartime gains -amounted to a social revolt
bull characterized by the FLAPPER new womanndash (bobbed hair short dresses
smoked in public)
19th Amendment (1920)
NEW ROLES FOR WOMEN
bull More women workingndash Usually single or widowed womenndash Many women entered the workplace as nurses
teachers librarians amp secretariesndash Income to spend
bull Technology made life easierndash Stoves refrigerators vacuum cleanershellip
bull Margaret Sangerndash Birth control movementndash Family size decreases
Traditional Role of Women
bull Flappers A young woman with short skirts and rouged cheeks who had her hair cropped close in a style known as a bob
bull Women gained the right to vote with passage of the nineteenth amendment
THE FLAPPER
A Flapper was a young woman who embraced the new fashions and urban attitudes
Wanted independence
Rebelled against traditional roles
The 20rsquos is The Jazz AgeThe Flappers
make up
cigarettes
short skirts
MusiciansLouis Armstrong
Duke Ellington
WritersF Scott Fitzgerald
Ernest Hemingway
Culture of the Roaring 20rsquosRadio
KDKA Pittsburgh
GE Westinghouseamp RCA
form NBC
Silent Movies
Charlie Chaplin
ldquoTalkiesrdquoThe Jazz SingerStarring Al Jolson
Mary PickfordldquoAmericarsquos Sweetheartrdquo
Cultural Innovations
bull Talking picture ndash The Jazz Singer ndash was produced and the golden age of Hollywood began
bull Mass media ndash radio movies newspapers and magazines aimed at a broad audience ndash did more than just entertain
bull They helped to broaden peoplersquos interests and fostered a sense of shared national experience
ENTERTAINMENT AND ARTS
First sound movies Jazz Singer (1927)
First animated with sound Steamboat Willie (1928)
By 1930 millions ofAmericans went to the movies each week
Walt Disneys animated Steamboat
Willie marked the debut of Mickey
Mouse It was a seven minute long
black and white cartoon
African American Culture
bull The Great Migration ndash hundreds of thousands of African Americans move from the rural South to industrial cities in the North
bull Harlem Renaissance ndash African Americans created an environment that stimulated artistic development racial pride and a sense of community
bull Langston Hughes (writer) Louis Armstrong (trumpet player) Duke Ellington (bandleader)
Harlem Renaissance
In the 1920s it was home to a literary and artistic revival known as the Harlem Renaissance
WHAT MADE THE HARLEM RENAISSANCE POSSIBLE
Between 1910 and 1920 the Great Migration saw hundreds of thousands of African Americans move north to big cities
Migration of the Negro by
Jacob Lawrence
Harlem Renaissancebull Writers
ndash Langston Hughes (Poet)ndash Zora Neale Hurston (Writer)
bull Famous Jazz Musiciansndash ldquoDukerdquo Ellington ndash Louis Armstrong ndash Bessie Smith
bull Cotton Club famous Jazz Club in Harlemndash Blacks usually denied admission
Black Nationalism
bull Pan-Africanism aimed to unite people of African descent worldwide
bull Marcus Garvey
Universal Negro Improvement Associationndash Aims African-American
economic independence amp a Black homeland in Africa
bull Marcus Garvey (Jamaican born immigrant) established the Universal Negro Improvement Association
bull believed in Black pride
bull advocated racial segregation bc of Black superiority
bull Garvey believed Blacks should return to Africa
bull he purchased a ship to start the Black Star line
bull attracted many investments govt charged him with wfraud
bull he was found guilty and eventually deported to Jamaica but his organization continued to exist
CelebritiesBabe Ruth ampTy Cobb
Jack Dempsey
Charles Lindbergh
The Spirit of St Louis
Notables
bull Charles Lindbergh ndash first to fly across the Atlantic
bull Babe Ruth ndash may be the best known baseball player
bull Henry Ford ndash the assembly line his most important invention also developed the Model T ford
bull Welfare capitalism ndash Companies allowed workers to buy stock participate in profit sharing and receive benefits such as medical care and pensions
Notables
bull Open shop ndash a workplace where employees were not required to join a union
bull In 1920 Westinghouse Company broadcast one of the first public broadcast in history
bull 1926 National Broadcasting Company (NBC) established a permanent network of stations to distribute daily programs
bull 1928 Columbia Broadcasting System (CBS) assembled a coast-to-coast network of stations
Slides
bull Some of the slides used came from a internet site Please be aware that I am using them for educational purposes and they may not be usable due to copyright laws
KKK in Washington 1925
The Ku Klux KlanGreat increase
In power
Anti-black
Anti-immigrant
Anti-womenrsquos suffrage
Anti-bootleggers
Anti-Semitic
Anti-Catholic
Effects of Anti-Immigration
bull Court Case Sacco amp Vanzetti ndash two radical Italian immigrants were arrested convicted and executed for murder
Sacco and Vanzetti (1927)
bullAnarchist Italian immigrants convicted of murderbull Not given fair trialbull Executed bullCleared of charges in 1977
A Society in Conflictbull Anti-immigrant
ndash National Origins Act
ndash Discrimination
Sacco-Vanzetti Trial
ndash Italian immigrants
ndash Unfair trial
bull for immigrants ndash the point of origin had shifted to S amp E Europe and new religions appeared Jewish Orthodox Catholic
bull N European immigrants of early 19c feared this shift and felt it would undermine Protestant values
bull this fear was known as NATIVISMbull many wanted Congress to restrict
immigration leading to a quota system that favoured n areas of Europe
bull fear of immigrants (from SE Europe) led to a sentiment known as the Red Scare (fear of comm post-Bolshevik Rev)
bull basic comm advocates a intl revolution by the proletariatworkers -fears that this ideology could find its way into the US
Effects of Anti-Immigration
bull Immigration controls
bull Emergency Quota act
(1921) amp National
Quota Act (1924)
bull Limit the number of
Immigrants from
ldquodangerousrdquo countries
Laissez-faire
bull Return the power
of big business
bull Government
crackdown on
labor unions
-labor unions seen
as communist
supporters
Global Policies
bull The United States hope to become isolationist again
Small Towns v Big Cities
bull 1920 Census
bull gt50 of all
Americans lived in Cities
bull Farmers less
Important
Fundamentalism
bull Religious movement
of the era that
hoped to restore the
morality of America
bull Supporters Rural areas
Scopes Monkey Trial
bull Evolution vs The Bible
bull Science City
bull Bible Rural
bull Evolution is Darwinrsquos Theory that man evolved over time from monkeys
bull The Bible teaches creationism ndash God created man and all the world
Scopes ldquoMonkeyrdquo TrialEvolution vs Creationism
Dayton TennesseeFamous Lawyers
Science vs Religion
John Scopes
High School Biology teacher
SCOPES TRIAL
In March 1925 Tennessee passed the nationrsquos first law that made it a crime to teach evolution
John Scopes arrested
Scopes was a biology teacher who
dared to teach his students that man
derived from lower species
Fundamentalism
bull Scopes Monkey Trial ndash a science teacher from Tennessee wanted to teach evolution but the school would not allow it and he sued
bull ACLU ndash American Civil Liberties Union backed the teacher
bull William Jennings Bryan represented the creationist
bull Clarence Darrow represented the evolutionist
Scopes Trial
bull Fundamentalists believed the Bible was literally true and without error
bull They rejected Darwinrsquos theory of evolution
bull Evolution ndash human beings had developed from lower forms of life over the course of millions of year
bull The creationists won the trial but because of the trial the Fundamentalists fell out of favor
Scopes was found guilty and fined $100
Scopes Monkey Trial
Prohibition18th Amendment Volstead Act
Gangsters
Al Capone
Prohibition
bull The 18th amendment ndash banned the production and sale of alcohol
bull The Volstead Act ndash enforcing Prohibition became the responsibility of the US Treasury Department
bull Granted federal and state governments the power to enforce Prohibition
PROHIBITION
18th Amendment in 1920
illegal to make sell or transport liquor
Prohibition lasted from 1920
to 1933 when it was repealed
by the 21st Amendment
bull PROHIBITION - on manuf and sale of alcohol
bull adopted in 1919 - 18th AMENDMENT
bull an outgrowth of the longtime temperance movement
bull in WWI temperance became a patriotic mvmt - drunkenness caused low productivity amp inefficiency and alcohol needed to treat the wounded
bull a difficult law to enforce organized crime speakeasies bootleggers were on the rise
bull Al Capone virtually controlled Chicago in this period -capitalism at its zenithhellip
bull Prohibition finally ended in 1933 w the 21st Amendment
bull forced organized crime to pursue other interestshellip
Prohibitionbull Speakeasies ndash secret bars where you could buy
alcohol
bull Crime was glamorized and became big business Some gangsters had enough money to corrupt local politicians (organized crime)
bull Al Capone ndash one of the most successful and violent gangsters of the time
bull Bonnie and Clyde Baby Faced Nelson John Dillinger all famous during this time period
bull The Twenty-first Amendment ended Prohibition
The Speakeasy
Al Capone
Bootlegged whiskey from Canada
ran a network of 10000 speakeasies
made $60 million in bootlegging
He killed off the competition (literally)
Rise of organized crime and the Mob
bullProhibition caused a RISE in crime and lawlessness not a decrease
bull21st Amendment repeals Prohibition
Why Prohibition Failed
1Unpopular
2Led to organized crime
3Death due to poor quality alcohol
4Under funded and hard to enforce
1500 agents were responsible for enforcing
Al Capone
THE TWENTIES WOMAN
After World War I Americans were looking for a little fun in the 1920s
Chicago
1926
Why were women able to become more independent after WWI
bull 1920s also brought about great changes for women
bull 1920 - 19th Amendment gave them the federal vote
bull after 1920 social circumstances changed too as more women worked outside the home
bull and more women went to college and clamoured to join the professions
bull women didnt want to sacrifice wartime gains -amounted to a social revolt
bull characterized by the FLAPPER new womanndash (bobbed hair short dresses
smoked in public)
19th Amendment (1920)
NEW ROLES FOR WOMEN
bull More women workingndash Usually single or widowed womenndash Many women entered the workplace as nurses
teachers librarians amp secretariesndash Income to spend
bull Technology made life easierndash Stoves refrigerators vacuum cleanershellip
bull Margaret Sangerndash Birth control movementndash Family size decreases
Traditional Role of Women
bull Flappers A young woman with short skirts and rouged cheeks who had her hair cropped close in a style known as a bob
bull Women gained the right to vote with passage of the nineteenth amendment
THE FLAPPER
A Flapper was a young woman who embraced the new fashions and urban attitudes
Wanted independence
Rebelled against traditional roles
The 20rsquos is The Jazz AgeThe Flappers
make up
cigarettes
short skirts
MusiciansLouis Armstrong
Duke Ellington
WritersF Scott Fitzgerald
Ernest Hemingway
Culture of the Roaring 20rsquosRadio
KDKA Pittsburgh
GE Westinghouseamp RCA
form NBC
Silent Movies
Charlie Chaplin
ldquoTalkiesrdquoThe Jazz SingerStarring Al Jolson
Mary PickfordldquoAmericarsquos Sweetheartrdquo
Cultural Innovations
bull Talking picture ndash The Jazz Singer ndash was produced and the golden age of Hollywood began
bull Mass media ndash radio movies newspapers and magazines aimed at a broad audience ndash did more than just entertain
bull They helped to broaden peoplersquos interests and fostered a sense of shared national experience
ENTERTAINMENT AND ARTS
First sound movies Jazz Singer (1927)
First animated with sound Steamboat Willie (1928)
By 1930 millions ofAmericans went to the movies each week
Walt Disneys animated Steamboat
Willie marked the debut of Mickey
Mouse It was a seven minute long
black and white cartoon
African American Culture
bull The Great Migration ndash hundreds of thousands of African Americans move from the rural South to industrial cities in the North
bull Harlem Renaissance ndash African Americans created an environment that stimulated artistic development racial pride and a sense of community
bull Langston Hughes (writer) Louis Armstrong (trumpet player) Duke Ellington (bandleader)
Harlem Renaissance
In the 1920s it was home to a literary and artistic revival known as the Harlem Renaissance
WHAT MADE THE HARLEM RENAISSANCE POSSIBLE
Between 1910 and 1920 the Great Migration saw hundreds of thousands of African Americans move north to big cities
Migration of the Negro by
Jacob Lawrence
Harlem Renaissancebull Writers
ndash Langston Hughes (Poet)ndash Zora Neale Hurston (Writer)
bull Famous Jazz Musiciansndash ldquoDukerdquo Ellington ndash Louis Armstrong ndash Bessie Smith
bull Cotton Club famous Jazz Club in Harlemndash Blacks usually denied admission
Black Nationalism
bull Pan-Africanism aimed to unite people of African descent worldwide
bull Marcus Garvey
Universal Negro Improvement Associationndash Aims African-American
economic independence amp a Black homeland in Africa
bull Marcus Garvey (Jamaican born immigrant) established the Universal Negro Improvement Association
bull believed in Black pride
bull advocated racial segregation bc of Black superiority
bull Garvey believed Blacks should return to Africa
bull he purchased a ship to start the Black Star line
bull attracted many investments govt charged him with wfraud
bull he was found guilty and eventually deported to Jamaica but his organization continued to exist
CelebritiesBabe Ruth ampTy Cobb
Jack Dempsey
Charles Lindbergh
The Spirit of St Louis
Notables
bull Charles Lindbergh ndash first to fly across the Atlantic
bull Babe Ruth ndash may be the best known baseball player
bull Henry Ford ndash the assembly line his most important invention also developed the Model T ford
bull Welfare capitalism ndash Companies allowed workers to buy stock participate in profit sharing and receive benefits such as medical care and pensions
Notables
bull Open shop ndash a workplace where employees were not required to join a union
bull In 1920 Westinghouse Company broadcast one of the first public broadcast in history
bull 1926 National Broadcasting Company (NBC) established a permanent network of stations to distribute daily programs
bull 1928 Columbia Broadcasting System (CBS) assembled a coast-to-coast network of stations
Slides
bull Some of the slides used came from a internet site Please be aware that I am using them for educational purposes and they may not be usable due to copyright laws
The Ku Klux KlanGreat increase
In power
Anti-black
Anti-immigrant
Anti-womenrsquos suffrage
Anti-bootleggers
Anti-Semitic
Anti-Catholic
Effects of Anti-Immigration
bull Court Case Sacco amp Vanzetti ndash two radical Italian immigrants were arrested convicted and executed for murder
Sacco and Vanzetti (1927)
bullAnarchist Italian immigrants convicted of murderbull Not given fair trialbull Executed bullCleared of charges in 1977
A Society in Conflictbull Anti-immigrant
ndash National Origins Act
ndash Discrimination
Sacco-Vanzetti Trial
ndash Italian immigrants
ndash Unfair trial
bull for immigrants ndash the point of origin had shifted to S amp E Europe and new religions appeared Jewish Orthodox Catholic
bull N European immigrants of early 19c feared this shift and felt it would undermine Protestant values
bull this fear was known as NATIVISMbull many wanted Congress to restrict
immigration leading to a quota system that favoured n areas of Europe
bull fear of immigrants (from SE Europe) led to a sentiment known as the Red Scare (fear of comm post-Bolshevik Rev)
bull basic comm advocates a intl revolution by the proletariatworkers -fears that this ideology could find its way into the US
Effects of Anti-Immigration
bull Immigration controls
bull Emergency Quota act
(1921) amp National
Quota Act (1924)
bull Limit the number of
Immigrants from
ldquodangerousrdquo countries
Laissez-faire
bull Return the power
of big business
bull Government
crackdown on
labor unions
-labor unions seen
as communist
supporters
Global Policies
bull The United States hope to become isolationist again
Small Towns v Big Cities
bull 1920 Census
bull gt50 of all
Americans lived in Cities
bull Farmers less
Important
Fundamentalism
bull Religious movement
of the era that
hoped to restore the
morality of America
bull Supporters Rural areas
Scopes Monkey Trial
bull Evolution vs The Bible
bull Science City
bull Bible Rural
bull Evolution is Darwinrsquos Theory that man evolved over time from monkeys
bull The Bible teaches creationism ndash God created man and all the world
Scopes ldquoMonkeyrdquo TrialEvolution vs Creationism
Dayton TennesseeFamous Lawyers
Science vs Religion
John Scopes
High School Biology teacher
SCOPES TRIAL
In March 1925 Tennessee passed the nationrsquos first law that made it a crime to teach evolution
John Scopes arrested
Scopes was a biology teacher who
dared to teach his students that man
derived from lower species
Fundamentalism
bull Scopes Monkey Trial ndash a science teacher from Tennessee wanted to teach evolution but the school would not allow it and he sued
bull ACLU ndash American Civil Liberties Union backed the teacher
bull William Jennings Bryan represented the creationist
bull Clarence Darrow represented the evolutionist
Scopes Trial
bull Fundamentalists believed the Bible was literally true and without error
bull They rejected Darwinrsquos theory of evolution
bull Evolution ndash human beings had developed from lower forms of life over the course of millions of year
bull The creationists won the trial but because of the trial the Fundamentalists fell out of favor
Scopes was found guilty and fined $100
Scopes Monkey Trial
Prohibition18th Amendment Volstead Act
Gangsters
Al Capone
Prohibition
bull The 18th amendment ndash banned the production and sale of alcohol
bull The Volstead Act ndash enforcing Prohibition became the responsibility of the US Treasury Department
bull Granted federal and state governments the power to enforce Prohibition
PROHIBITION
18th Amendment in 1920
illegal to make sell or transport liquor
Prohibition lasted from 1920
to 1933 when it was repealed
by the 21st Amendment
bull PROHIBITION - on manuf and sale of alcohol
bull adopted in 1919 - 18th AMENDMENT
bull an outgrowth of the longtime temperance movement
bull in WWI temperance became a patriotic mvmt - drunkenness caused low productivity amp inefficiency and alcohol needed to treat the wounded
bull a difficult law to enforce organized crime speakeasies bootleggers were on the rise
bull Al Capone virtually controlled Chicago in this period -capitalism at its zenithhellip
bull Prohibition finally ended in 1933 w the 21st Amendment
bull forced organized crime to pursue other interestshellip
Prohibitionbull Speakeasies ndash secret bars where you could buy
alcohol
bull Crime was glamorized and became big business Some gangsters had enough money to corrupt local politicians (organized crime)
bull Al Capone ndash one of the most successful and violent gangsters of the time
bull Bonnie and Clyde Baby Faced Nelson John Dillinger all famous during this time period
bull The Twenty-first Amendment ended Prohibition
The Speakeasy
Al Capone
Bootlegged whiskey from Canada
ran a network of 10000 speakeasies
made $60 million in bootlegging
He killed off the competition (literally)
Rise of organized crime and the Mob
bullProhibition caused a RISE in crime and lawlessness not a decrease
bull21st Amendment repeals Prohibition
Why Prohibition Failed
1Unpopular
2Led to organized crime
3Death due to poor quality alcohol
4Under funded and hard to enforce
1500 agents were responsible for enforcing
Al Capone
THE TWENTIES WOMAN
After World War I Americans were looking for a little fun in the 1920s
Chicago
1926
Why were women able to become more independent after WWI
bull 1920s also brought about great changes for women
bull 1920 - 19th Amendment gave them the federal vote
bull after 1920 social circumstances changed too as more women worked outside the home
bull and more women went to college and clamoured to join the professions
bull women didnt want to sacrifice wartime gains -amounted to a social revolt
bull characterized by the FLAPPER new womanndash (bobbed hair short dresses
smoked in public)
19th Amendment (1920)
NEW ROLES FOR WOMEN
bull More women workingndash Usually single or widowed womenndash Many women entered the workplace as nurses
teachers librarians amp secretariesndash Income to spend
bull Technology made life easierndash Stoves refrigerators vacuum cleanershellip
bull Margaret Sangerndash Birth control movementndash Family size decreases
Traditional Role of Women
bull Flappers A young woman with short skirts and rouged cheeks who had her hair cropped close in a style known as a bob
bull Women gained the right to vote with passage of the nineteenth amendment
THE FLAPPER
A Flapper was a young woman who embraced the new fashions and urban attitudes
Wanted independence
Rebelled against traditional roles
The 20rsquos is The Jazz AgeThe Flappers
make up
cigarettes
short skirts
MusiciansLouis Armstrong
Duke Ellington
WritersF Scott Fitzgerald
Ernest Hemingway
Culture of the Roaring 20rsquosRadio
KDKA Pittsburgh
GE Westinghouseamp RCA
form NBC
Silent Movies
Charlie Chaplin
ldquoTalkiesrdquoThe Jazz SingerStarring Al Jolson
Mary PickfordldquoAmericarsquos Sweetheartrdquo
Cultural Innovations
bull Talking picture ndash The Jazz Singer ndash was produced and the golden age of Hollywood began
bull Mass media ndash radio movies newspapers and magazines aimed at a broad audience ndash did more than just entertain
bull They helped to broaden peoplersquos interests and fostered a sense of shared national experience
ENTERTAINMENT AND ARTS
First sound movies Jazz Singer (1927)
First animated with sound Steamboat Willie (1928)
By 1930 millions ofAmericans went to the movies each week
Walt Disneys animated Steamboat
Willie marked the debut of Mickey
Mouse It was a seven minute long
black and white cartoon
African American Culture
bull The Great Migration ndash hundreds of thousands of African Americans move from the rural South to industrial cities in the North
bull Harlem Renaissance ndash African Americans created an environment that stimulated artistic development racial pride and a sense of community
bull Langston Hughes (writer) Louis Armstrong (trumpet player) Duke Ellington (bandleader)
Harlem Renaissance
In the 1920s it was home to a literary and artistic revival known as the Harlem Renaissance
WHAT MADE THE HARLEM RENAISSANCE POSSIBLE
Between 1910 and 1920 the Great Migration saw hundreds of thousands of African Americans move north to big cities
Migration of the Negro by
Jacob Lawrence
Harlem Renaissancebull Writers
ndash Langston Hughes (Poet)ndash Zora Neale Hurston (Writer)
bull Famous Jazz Musiciansndash ldquoDukerdquo Ellington ndash Louis Armstrong ndash Bessie Smith
bull Cotton Club famous Jazz Club in Harlemndash Blacks usually denied admission
Black Nationalism
bull Pan-Africanism aimed to unite people of African descent worldwide
bull Marcus Garvey
Universal Negro Improvement Associationndash Aims African-American
economic independence amp a Black homeland in Africa
bull Marcus Garvey (Jamaican born immigrant) established the Universal Negro Improvement Association
bull believed in Black pride
bull advocated racial segregation bc of Black superiority
bull Garvey believed Blacks should return to Africa
bull he purchased a ship to start the Black Star line
bull attracted many investments govt charged him with wfraud
bull he was found guilty and eventually deported to Jamaica but his organization continued to exist
CelebritiesBabe Ruth ampTy Cobb
Jack Dempsey
Charles Lindbergh
The Spirit of St Louis
Notables
bull Charles Lindbergh ndash first to fly across the Atlantic
bull Babe Ruth ndash may be the best known baseball player
bull Henry Ford ndash the assembly line his most important invention also developed the Model T ford
bull Welfare capitalism ndash Companies allowed workers to buy stock participate in profit sharing and receive benefits such as medical care and pensions
Notables
bull Open shop ndash a workplace where employees were not required to join a union
bull In 1920 Westinghouse Company broadcast one of the first public broadcast in history
bull 1926 National Broadcasting Company (NBC) established a permanent network of stations to distribute daily programs
bull 1928 Columbia Broadcasting System (CBS) assembled a coast-to-coast network of stations
Slides
bull Some of the slides used came from a internet site Please be aware that I am using them for educational purposes and they may not be usable due to copyright laws
Effects of Anti-Immigration
bull Court Case Sacco amp Vanzetti ndash two radical Italian immigrants were arrested convicted and executed for murder
Sacco and Vanzetti (1927)
bullAnarchist Italian immigrants convicted of murderbull Not given fair trialbull Executed bullCleared of charges in 1977
A Society in Conflictbull Anti-immigrant
ndash National Origins Act
ndash Discrimination
Sacco-Vanzetti Trial
ndash Italian immigrants
ndash Unfair trial
bull for immigrants ndash the point of origin had shifted to S amp E Europe and new religions appeared Jewish Orthodox Catholic
bull N European immigrants of early 19c feared this shift and felt it would undermine Protestant values
bull this fear was known as NATIVISMbull many wanted Congress to restrict
immigration leading to a quota system that favoured n areas of Europe
bull fear of immigrants (from SE Europe) led to a sentiment known as the Red Scare (fear of comm post-Bolshevik Rev)
bull basic comm advocates a intl revolution by the proletariatworkers -fears that this ideology could find its way into the US
Effects of Anti-Immigration
bull Immigration controls
bull Emergency Quota act
(1921) amp National
Quota Act (1924)
bull Limit the number of
Immigrants from
ldquodangerousrdquo countries
Laissez-faire
bull Return the power
of big business
bull Government
crackdown on
labor unions
-labor unions seen
as communist
supporters
Global Policies
bull The United States hope to become isolationist again
Small Towns v Big Cities
bull 1920 Census
bull gt50 of all
Americans lived in Cities
bull Farmers less
Important
Fundamentalism
bull Religious movement
of the era that
hoped to restore the
morality of America
bull Supporters Rural areas
Scopes Monkey Trial
bull Evolution vs The Bible
bull Science City
bull Bible Rural
bull Evolution is Darwinrsquos Theory that man evolved over time from monkeys
bull The Bible teaches creationism ndash God created man and all the world
Scopes ldquoMonkeyrdquo TrialEvolution vs Creationism
Dayton TennesseeFamous Lawyers
Science vs Religion
John Scopes
High School Biology teacher
SCOPES TRIAL
In March 1925 Tennessee passed the nationrsquos first law that made it a crime to teach evolution
John Scopes arrested
Scopes was a biology teacher who
dared to teach his students that man
derived from lower species
Fundamentalism
bull Scopes Monkey Trial ndash a science teacher from Tennessee wanted to teach evolution but the school would not allow it and he sued
bull ACLU ndash American Civil Liberties Union backed the teacher
bull William Jennings Bryan represented the creationist
bull Clarence Darrow represented the evolutionist
Scopes Trial
bull Fundamentalists believed the Bible was literally true and without error
bull They rejected Darwinrsquos theory of evolution
bull Evolution ndash human beings had developed from lower forms of life over the course of millions of year
bull The creationists won the trial but because of the trial the Fundamentalists fell out of favor
Scopes was found guilty and fined $100
Scopes Monkey Trial
Prohibition18th Amendment Volstead Act
Gangsters
Al Capone
Prohibition
bull The 18th amendment ndash banned the production and sale of alcohol
bull The Volstead Act ndash enforcing Prohibition became the responsibility of the US Treasury Department
bull Granted federal and state governments the power to enforce Prohibition
PROHIBITION
18th Amendment in 1920
illegal to make sell or transport liquor
Prohibition lasted from 1920
to 1933 when it was repealed
by the 21st Amendment
bull PROHIBITION - on manuf and sale of alcohol
bull adopted in 1919 - 18th AMENDMENT
bull an outgrowth of the longtime temperance movement
bull in WWI temperance became a patriotic mvmt - drunkenness caused low productivity amp inefficiency and alcohol needed to treat the wounded
bull a difficult law to enforce organized crime speakeasies bootleggers were on the rise
bull Al Capone virtually controlled Chicago in this period -capitalism at its zenithhellip
bull Prohibition finally ended in 1933 w the 21st Amendment
bull forced organized crime to pursue other interestshellip
Prohibitionbull Speakeasies ndash secret bars where you could buy
alcohol
bull Crime was glamorized and became big business Some gangsters had enough money to corrupt local politicians (organized crime)
bull Al Capone ndash one of the most successful and violent gangsters of the time
bull Bonnie and Clyde Baby Faced Nelson John Dillinger all famous during this time period
bull The Twenty-first Amendment ended Prohibition
The Speakeasy
Al Capone
Bootlegged whiskey from Canada
ran a network of 10000 speakeasies
made $60 million in bootlegging
He killed off the competition (literally)
Rise of organized crime and the Mob
bullProhibition caused a RISE in crime and lawlessness not a decrease
bull21st Amendment repeals Prohibition
Why Prohibition Failed
1Unpopular
2Led to organized crime
3Death due to poor quality alcohol
4Under funded and hard to enforce
1500 agents were responsible for enforcing
Al Capone
THE TWENTIES WOMAN
After World War I Americans were looking for a little fun in the 1920s
Chicago
1926
Why were women able to become more independent after WWI
bull 1920s also brought about great changes for women
bull 1920 - 19th Amendment gave them the federal vote
bull after 1920 social circumstances changed too as more women worked outside the home
bull and more women went to college and clamoured to join the professions
bull women didnt want to sacrifice wartime gains -amounted to a social revolt
bull characterized by the FLAPPER new womanndash (bobbed hair short dresses
smoked in public)
19th Amendment (1920)
NEW ROLES FOR WOMEN
bull More women workingndash Usually single or widowed womenndash Many women entered the workplace as nurses
teachers librarians amp secretariesndash Income to spend
bull Technology made life easierndash Stoves refrigerators vacuum cleanershellip
bull Margaret Sangerndash Birth control movementndash Family size decreases
Traditional Role of Women
bull Flappers A young woman with short skirts and rouged cheeks who had her hair cropped close in a style known as a bob
bull Women gained the right to vote with passage of the nineteenth amendment
THE FLAPPER
A Flapper was a young woman who embraced the new fashions and urban attitudes
Wanted independence
Rebelled against traditional roles
The 20rsquos is The Jazz AgeThe Flappers
make up
cigarettes
short skirts
MusiciansLouis Armstrong
Duke Ellington
WritersF Scott Fitzgerald
Ernest Hemingway
Culture of the Roaring 20rsquosRadio
KDKA Pittsburgh
GE Westinghouseamp RCA
form NBC
Silent Movies
Charlie Chaplin
ldquoTalkiesrdquoThe Jazz SingerStarring Al Jolson
Mary PickfordldquoAmericarsquos Sweetheartrdquo
Cultural Innovations
bull Talking picture ndash The Jazz Singer ndash was produced and the golden age of Hollywood began
bull Mass media ndash radio movies newspapers and magazines aimed at a broad audience ndash did more than just entertain
bull They helped to broaden peoplersquos interests and fostered a sense of shared national experience
ENTERTAINMENT AND ARTS
First sound movies Jazz Singer (1927)
First animated with sound Steamboat Willie (1928)
By 1930 millions ofAmericans went to the movies each week
Walt Disneys animated Steamboat
Willie marked the debut of Mickey
Mouse It was a seven minute long
black and white cartoon
African American Culture
bull The Great Migration ndash hundreds of thousands of African Americans move from the rural South to industrial cities in the North
bull Harlem Renaissance ndash African Americans created an environment that stimulated artistic development racial pride and a sense of community
bull Langston Hughes (writer) Louis Armstrong (trumpet player) Duke Ellington (bandleader)
Harlem Renaissance
In the 1920s it was home to a literary and artistic revival known as the Harlem Renaissance
WHAT MADE THE HARLEM RENAISSANCE POSSIBLE
Between 1910 and 1920 the Great Migration saw hundreds of thousands of African Americans move north to big cities
Migration of the Negro by
Jacob Lawrence
Harlem Renaissancebull Writers
ndash Langston Hughes (Poet)ndash Zora Neale Hurston (Writer)
bull Famous Jazz Musiciansndash ldquoDukerdquo Ellington ndash Louis Armstrong ndash Bessie Smith
bull Cotton Club famous Jazz Club in Harlemndash Blacks usually denied admission
Black Nationalism
bull Pan-Africanism aimed to unite people of African descent worldwide
bull Marcus Garvey
Universal Negro Improvement Associationndash Aims African-American
economic independence amp a Black homeland in Africa
bull Marcus Garvey (Jamaican born immigrant) established the Universal Negro Improvement Association
bull believed in Black pride
bull advocated racial segregation bc of Black superiority
bull Garvey believed Blacks should return to Africa
bull he purchased a ship to start the Black Star line
bull attracted many investments govt charged him with wfraud
bull he was found guilty and eventually deported to Jamaica but his organization continued to exist
CelebritiesBabe Ruth ampTy Cobb
Jack Dempsey
Charles Lindbergh
The Spirit of St Louis
Notables
bull Charles Lindbergh ndash first to fly across the Atlantic
bull Babe Ruth ndash may be the best known baseball player
bull Henry Ford ndash the assembly line his most important invention also developed the Model T ford
bull Welfare capitalism ndash Companies allowed workers to buy stock participate in profit sharing and receive benefits such as medical care and pensions
Notables
bull Open shop ndash a workplace where employees were not required to join a union
bull In 1920 Westinghouse Company broadcast one of the first public broadcast in history
bull 1926 National Broadcasting Company (NBC) established a permanent network of stations to distribute daily programs
bull 1928 Columbia Broadcasting System (CBS) assembled a coast-to-coast network of stations
Slides
bull Some of the slides used came from a internet site Please be aware that I am using them for educational purposes and they may not be usable due to copyright laws
Sacco and Vanzetti (1927)
bullAnarchist Italian immigrants convicted of murderbull Not given fair trialbull Executed bullCleared of charges in 1977
A Society in Conflictbull Anti-immigrant
ndash National Origins Act
ndash Discrimination
Sacco-Vanzetti Trial
ndash Italian immigrants
ndash Unfair trial
bull for immigrants ndash the point of origin had shifted to S amp E Europe and new religions appeared Jewish Orthodox Catholic
bull N European immigrants of early 19c feared this shift and felt it would undermine Protestant values
bull this fear was known as NATIVISMbull many wanted Congress to restrict
immigration leading to a quota system that favoured n areas of Europe
bull fear of immigrants (from SE Europe) led to a sentiment known as the Red Scare (fear of comm post-Bolshevik Rev)
bull basic comm advocates a intl revolution by the proletariatworkers -fears that this ideology could find its way into the US
Effects of Anti-Immigration
bull Immigration controls
bull Emergency Quota act
(1921) amp National
Quota Act (1924)
bull Limit the number of
Immigrants from
ldquodangerousrdquo countries
Laissez-faire
bull Return the power
of big business
bull Government
crackdown on
labor unions
-labor unions seen
as communist
supporters
Global Policies
bull The United States hope to become isolationist again
Small Towns v Big Cities
bull 1920 Census
bull gt50 of all
Americans lived in Cities
bull Farmers less
Important
Fundamentalism
bull Religious movement
of the era that
hoped to restore the
morality of America
bull Supporters Rural areas
Scopes Monkey Trial
bull Evolution vs The Bible
bull Science City
bull Bible Rural
bull Evolution is Darwinrsquos Theory that man evolved over time from monkeys
bull The Bible teaches creationism ndash God created man and all the world
Scopes ldquoMonkeyrdquo TrialEvolution vs Creationism
Dayton TennesseeFamous Lawyers
Science vs Religion
John Scopes
High School Biology teacher
SCOPES TRIAL
In March 1925 Tennessee passed the nationrsquos first law that made it a crime to teach evolution
John Scopes arrested
Scopes was a biology teacher who
dared to teach his students that man
derived from lower species
Fundamentalism
bull Scopes Monkey Trial ndash a science teacher from Tennessee wanted to teach evolution but the school would not allow it and he sued
bull ACLU ndash American Civil Liberties Union backed the teacher
bull William Jennings Bryan represented the creationist
bull Clarence Darrow represented the evolutionist
Scopes Trial
bull Fundamentalists believed the Bible was literally true and without error
bull They rejected Darwinrsquos theory of evolution
bull Evolution ndash human beings had developed from lower forms of life over the course of millions of year
bull The creationists won the trial but because of the trial the Fundamentalists fell out of favor
Scopes was found guilty and fined $100
Scopes Monkey Trial
Prohibition18th Amendment Volstead Act
Gangsters
Al Capone
Prohibition
bull The 18th amendment ndash banned the production and sale of alcohol
bull The Volstead Act ndash enforcing Prohibition became the responsibility of the US Treasury Department
bull Granted federal and state governments the power to enforce Prohibition
PROHIBITION
18th Amendment in 1920
illegal to make sell or transport liquor
Prohibition lasted from 1920
to 1933 when it was repealed
by the 21st Amendment
bull PROHIBITION - on manuf and sale of alcohol
bull adopted in 1919 - 18th AMENDMENT
bull an outgrowth of the longtime temperance movement
bull in WWI temperance became a patriotic mvmt - drunkenness caused low productivity amp inefficiency and alcohol needed to treat the wounded
bull a difficult law to enforce organized crime speakeasies bootleggers were on the rise
bull Al Capone virtually controlled Chicago in this period -capitalism at its zenithhellip
bull Prohibition finally ended in 1933 w the 21st Amendment
bull forced organized crime to pursue other interestshellip
Prohibitionbull Speakeasies ndash secret bars where you could buy
alcohol
bull Crime was glamorized and became big business Some gangsters had enough money to corrupt local politicians (organized crime)
bull Al Capone ndash one of the most successful and violent gangsters of the time
bull Bonnie and Clyde Baby Faced Nelson John Dillinger all famous during this time period
bull The Twenty-first Amendment ended Prohibition
The Speakeasy
Al Capone
Bootlegged whiskey from Canada
ran a network of 10000 speakeasies
made $60 million in bootlegging
He killed off the competition (literally)
Rise of organized crime and the Mob
bullProhibition caused a RISE in crime and lawlessness not a decrease
bull21st Amendment repeals Prohibition
Why Prohibition Failed
1Unpopular
2Led to organized crime
3Death due to poor quality alcohol
4Under funded and hard to enforce
1500 agents were responsible for enforcing
Al Capone
THE TWENTIES WOMAN
After World War I Americans were looking for a little fun in the 1920s
Chicago
1926
Why were women able to become more independent after WWI
bull 1920s also brought about great changes for women
bull 1920 - 19th Amendment gave them the federal vote
bull after 1920 social circumstances changed too as more women worked outside the home
bull and more women went to college and clamoured to join the professions
bull women didnt want to sacrifice wartime gains -amounted to a social revolt
bull characterized by the FLAPPER new womanndash (bobbed hair short dresses
smoked in public)
19th Amendment (1920)
NEW ROLES FOR WOMEN
bull More women workingndash Usually single or widowed womenndash Many women entered the workplace as nurses
teachers librarians amp secretariesndash Income to spend
bull Technology made life easierndash Stoves refrigerators vacuum cleanershellip
bull Margaret Sangerndash Birth control movementndash Family size decreases
Traditional Role of Women
bull Flappers A young woman with short skirts and rouged cheeks who had her hair cropped close in a style known as a bob
bull Women gained the right to vote with passage of the nineteenth amendment
THE FLAPPER
A Flapper was a young woman who embraced the new fashions and urban attitudes
Wanted independence
Rebelled against traditional roles
The 20rsquos is The Jazz AgeThe Flappers
make up
cigarettes
short skirts
MusiciansLouis Armstrong
Duke Ellington
WritersF Scott Fitzgerald
Ernest Hemingway
Culture of the Roaring 20rsquosRadio
KDKA Pittsburgh
GE Westinghouseamp RCA
form NBC
Silent Movies
Charlie Chaplin
ldquoTalkiesrdquoThe Jazz SingerStarring Al Jolson
Mary PickfordldquoAmericarsquos Sweetheartrdquo
Cultural Innovations
bull Talking picture ndash The Jazz Singer ndash was produced and the golden age of Hollywood began
bull Mass media ndash radio movies newspapers and magazines aimed at a broad audience ndash did more than just entertain
bull They helped to broaden peoplersquos interests and fostered a sense of shared national experience
ENTERTAINMENT AND ARTS
First sound movies Jazz Singer (1927)
First animated with sound Steamboat Willie (1928)
By 1930 millions ofAmericans went to the movies each week
Walt Disneys animated Steamboat
Willie marked the debut of Mickey
Mouse It was a seven minute long
black and white cartoon
African American Culture
bull The Great Migration ndash hundreds of thousands of African Americans move from the rural South to industrial cities in the North
bull Harlem Renaissance ndash African Americans created an environment that stimulated artistic development racial pride and a sense of community
bull Langston Hughes (writer) Louis Armstrong (trumpet player) Duke Ellington (bandleader)
Harlem Renaissance
In the 1920s it was home to a literary and artistic revival known as the Harlem Renaissance
WHAT MADE THE HARLEM RENAISSANCE POSSIBLE
Between 1910 and 1920 the Great Migration saw hundreds of thousands of African Americans move north to big cities
Migration of the Negro by
Jacob Lawrence
Harlem Renaissancebull Writers
ndash Langston Hughes (Poet)ndash Zora Neale Hurston (Writer)
bull Famous Jazz Musiciansndash ldquoDukerdquo Ellington ndash Louis Armstrong ndash Bessie Smith
bull Cotton Club famous Jazz Club in Harlemndash Blacks usually denied admission
Black Nationalism
bull Pan-Africanism aimed to unite people of African descent worldwide
bull Marcus Garvey
Universal Negro Improvement Associationndash Aims African-American
economic independence amp a Black homeland in Africa
bull Marcus Garvey (Jamaican born immigrant) established the Universal Negro Improvement Association
bull believed in Black pride
bull advocated racial segregation bc of Black superiority
bull Garvey believed Blacks should return to Africa
bull he purchased a ship to start the Black Star line
bull attracted many investments govt charged him with wfraud
bull he was found guilty and eventually deported to Jamaica but his organization continued to exist
CelebritiesBabe Ruth ampTy Cobb
Jack Dempsey
Charles Lindbergh
The Spirit of St Louis
Notables
bull Charles Lindbergh ndash first to fly across the Atlantic
bull Babe Ruth ndash may be the best known baseball player
bull Henry Ford ndash the assembly line his most important invention also developed the Model T ford
bull Welfare capitalism ndash Companies allowed workers to buy stock participate in profit sharing and receive benefits such as medical care and pensions
Notables
bull Open shop ndash a workplace where employees were not required to join a union
bull In 1920 Westinghouse Company broadcast one of the first public broadcast in history
bull 1926 National Broadcasting Company (NBC) established a permanent network of stations to distribute daily programs
bull 1928 Columbia Broadcasting System (CBS) assembled a coast-to-coast network of stations
Slides
bull Some of the slides used came from a internet site Please be aware that I am using them for educational purposes and they may not be usable due to copyright laws
A Society in Conflictbull Anti-immigrant
ndash National Origins Act
ndash Discrimination
Sacco-Vanzetti Trial
ndash Italian immigrants
ndash Unfair trial
bull for immigrants ndash the point of origin had shifted to S amp E Europe and new religions appeared Jewish Orthodox Catholic
bull N European immigrants of early 19c feared this shift and felt it would undermine Protestant values
bull this fear was known as NATIVISMbull many wanted Congress to restrict
immigration leading to a quota system that favoured n areas of Europe
bull fear of immigrants (from SE Europe) led to a sentiment known as the Red Scare (fear of comm post-Bolshevik Rev)
bull basic comm advocates a intl revolution by the proletariatworkers -fears that this ideology could find its way into the US
Effects of Anti-Immigration
bull Immigration controls
bull Emergency Quota act
(1921) amp National
Quota Act (1924)
bull Limit the number of
Immigrants from
ldquodangerousrdquo countries
Laissez-faire
bull Return the power
of big business
bull Government
crackdown on
labor unions
-labor unions seen
as communist
supporters
Global Policies
bull The United States hope to become isolationist again
Small Towns v Big Cities
bull 1920 Census
bull gt50 of all
Americans lived in Cities
bull Farmers less
Important
Fundamentalism
bull Religious movement
of the era that
hoped to restore the
morality of America
bull Supporters Rural areas
Scopes Monkey Trial
bull Evolution vs The Bible
bull Science City
bull Bible Rural
bull Evolution is Darwinrsquos Theory that man evolved over time from monkeys
bull The Bible teaches creationism ndash God created man and all the world
Scopes ldquoMonkeyrdquo TrialEvolution vs Creationism
Dayton TennesseeFamous Lawyers
Science vs Religion
John Scopes
High School Biology teacher
SCOPES TRIAL
In March 1925 Tennessee passed the nationrsquos first law that made it a crime to teach evolution
John Scopes arrested
Scopes was a biology teacher who
dared to teach his students that man
derived from lower species
Fundamentalism
bull Scopes Monkey Trial ndash a science teacher from Tennessee wanted to teach evolution but the school would not allow it and he sued
bull ACLU ndash American Civil Liberties Union backed the teacher
bull William Jennings Bryan represented the creationist
bull Clarence Darrow represented the evolutionist
Scopes Trial
bull Fundamentalists believed the Bible was literally true and without error
bull They rejected Darwinrsquos theory of evolution
bull Evolution ndash human beings had developed from lower forms of life over the course of millions of year
bull The creationists won the trial but because of the trial the Fundamentalists fell out of favor
Scopes was found guilty and fined $100
Scopes Monkey Trial
Prohibition18th Amendment Volstead Act
Gangsters
Al Capone
Prohibition
bull The 18th amendment ndash banned the production and sale of alcohol
bull The Volstead Act ndash enforcing Prohibition became the responsibility of the US Treasury Department
bull Granted federal and state governments the power to enforce Prohibition
PROHIBITION
18th Amendment in 1920
illegal to make sell or transport liquor
Prohibition lasted from 1920
to 1933 when it was repealed
by the 21st Amendment
bull PROHIBITION - on manuf and sale of alcohol
bull adopted in 1919 - 18th AMENDMENT
bull an outgrowth of the longtime temperance movement
bull in WWI temperance became a patriotic mvmt - drunkenness caused low productivity amp inefficiency and alcohol needed to treat the wounded
bull a difficult law to enforce organized crime speakeasies bootleggers were on the rise
bull Al Capone virtually controlled Chicago in this period -capitalism at its zenithhellip
bull Prohibition finally ended in 1933 w the 21st Amendment
bull forced organized crime to pursue other interestshellip
Prohibitionbull Speakeasies ndash secret bars where you could buy
alcohol
bull Crime was glamorized and became big business Some gangsters had enough money to corrupt local politicians (organized crime)
bull Al Capone ndash one of the most successful and violent gangsters of the time
bull Bonnie and Clyde Baby Faced Nelson John Dillinger all famous during this time period
bull The Twenty-first Amendment ended Prohibition
The Speakeasy
Al Capone
Bootlegged whiskey from Canada
ran a network of 10000 speakeasies
made $60 million in bootlegging
He killed off the competition (literally)
Rise of organized crime and the Mob
bullProhibition caused a RISE in crime and lawlessness not a decrease
bull21st Amendment repeals Prohibition
Why Prohibition Failed
1Unpopular
2Led to organized crime
3Death due to poor quality alcohol
4Under funded and hard to enforce
1500 agents were responsible for enforcing
Al Capone
THE TWENTIES WOMAN
After World War I Americans were looking for a little fun in the 1920s
Chicago
1926
Why were women able to become more independent after WWI
bull 1920s also brought about great changes for women
bull 1920 - 19th Amendment gave them the federal vote
bull after 1920 social circumstances changed too as more women worked outside the home
bull and more women went to college and clamoured to join the professions
bull women didnt want to sacrifice wartime gains -amounted to a social revolt
bull characterized by the FLAPPER new womanndash (bobbed hair short dresses
smoked in public)
19th Amendment (1920)
NEW ROLES FOR WOMEN
bull More women workingndash Usually single or widowed womenndash Many women entered the workplace as nurses
teachers librarians amp secretariesndash Income to spend
bull Technology made life easierndash Stoves refrigerators vacuum cleanershellip
bull Margaret Sangerndash Birth control movementndash Family size decreases
Traditional Role of Women
bull Flappers A young woman with short skirts and rouged cheeks who had her hair cropped close in a style known as a bob
bull Women gained the right to vote with passage of the nineteenth amendment
THE FLAPPER
A Flapper was a young woman who embraced the new fashions and urban attitudes
Wanted independence
Rebelled against traditional roles
The 20rsquos is The Jazz AgeThe Flappers
make up
cigarettes
short skirts
MusiciansLouis Armstrong
Duke Ellington
WritersF Scott Fitzgerald
Ernest Hemingway
Culture of the Roaring 20rsquosRadio
KDKA Pittsburgh
GE Westinghouseamp RCA
form NBC
Silent Movies
Charlie Chaplin
ldquoTalkiesrdquoThe Jazz SingerStarring Al Jolson
Mary PickfordldquoAmericarsquos Sweetheartrdquo
Cultural Innovations
bull Talking picture ndash The Jazz Singer ndash was produced and the golden age of Hollywood began
bull Mass media ndash radio movies newspapers and magazines aimed at a broad audience ndash did more than just entertain
bull They helped to broaden peoplersquos interests and fostered a sense of shared national experience
ENTERTAINMENT AND ARTS
First sound movies Jazz Singer (1927)
First animated with sound Steamboat Willie (1928)
By 1930 millions ofAmericans went to the movies each week
Walt Disneys animated Steamboat
Willie marked the debut of Mickey
Mouse It was a seven minute long
black and white cartoon
African American Culture
bull The Great Migration ndash hundreds of thousands of African Americans move from the rural South to industrial cities in the North
bull Harlem Renaissance ndash African Americans created an environment that stimulated artistic development racial pride and a sense of community
bull Langston Hughes (writer) Louis Armstrong (trumpet player) Duke Ellington (bandleader)
Harlem Renaissance
In the 1920s it was home to a literary and artistic revival known as the Harlem Renaissance
WHAT MADE THE HARLEM RENAISSANCE POSSIBLE
Between 1910 and 1920 the Great Migration saw hundreds of thousands of African Americans move north to big cities
Migration of the Negro by
Jacob Lawrence
Harlem Renaissancebull Writers
ndash Langston Hughes (Poet)ndash Zora Neale Hurston (Writer)
bull Famous Jazz Musiciansndash ldquoDukerdquo Ellington ndash Louis Armstrong ndash Bessie Smith
bull Cotton Club famous Jazz Club in Harlemndash Blacks usually denied admission
Black Nationalism
bull Pan-Africanism aimed to unite people of African descent worldwide
bull Marcus Garvey
Universal Negro Improvement Associationndash Aims African-American
economic independence amp a Black homeland in Africa
bull Marcus Garvey (Jamaican born immigrant) established the Universal Negro Improvement Association
bull believed in Black pride
bull advocated racial segregation bc of Black superiority
bull Garvey believed Blacks should return to Africa
bull he purchased a ship to start the Black Star line
bull attracted many investments govt charged him with wfraud
bull he was found guilty and eventually deported to Jamaica but his organization continued to exist
CelebritiesBabe Ruth ampTy Cobb
Jack Dempsey
Charles Lindbergh
The Spirit of St Louis
Notables
bull Charles Lindbergh ndash first to fly across the Atlantic
bull Babe Ruth ndash may be the best known baseball player
bull Henry Ford ndash the assembly line his most important invention also developed the Model T ford
bull Welfare capitalism ndash Companies allowed workers to buy stock participate in profit sharing and receive benefits such as medical care and pensions
Notables
bull Open shop ndash a workplace where employees were not required to join a union
bull In 1920 Westinghouse Company broadcast one of the first public broadcast in history
bull 1926 National Broadcasting Company (NBC) established a permanent network of stations to distribute daily programs
bull 1928 Columbia Broadcasting System (CBS) assembled a coast-to-coast network of stations
Slides
bull Some of the slides used came from a internet site Please be aware that I am using them for educational purposes and they may not be usable due to copyright laws
bull for immigrants ndash the point of origin had shifted to S amp E Europe and new religions appeared Jewish Orthodox Catholic
bull N European immigrants of early 19c feared this shift and felt it would undermine Protestant values
bull this fear was known as NATIVISMbull many wanted Congress to restrict
immigration leading to a quota system that favoured n areas of Europe
bull fear of immigrants (from SE Europe) led to a sentiment known as the Red Scare (fear of comm post-Bolshevik Rev)
bull basic comm advocates a intl revolution by the proletariatworkers -fears that this ideology could find its way into the US
Effects of Anti-Immigration
bull Immigration controls
bull Emergency Quota act
(1921) amp National
Quota Act (1924)
bull Limit the number of
Immigrants from
ldquodangerousrdquo countries
Laissez-faire
bull Return the power
of big business
bull Government
crackdown on
labor unions
-labor unions seen
as communist
supporters
Global Policies
bull The United States hope to become isolationist again
Small Towns v Big Cities
bull 1920 Census
bull gt50 of all
Americans lived in Cities
bull Farmers less
Important
Fundamentalism
bull Religious movement
of the era that
hoped to restore the
morality of America
bull Supporters Rural areas
Scopes Monkey Trial
bull Evolution vs The Bible
bull Science City
bull Bible Rural
bull Evolution is Darwinrsquos Theory that man evolved over time from monkeys
bull The Bible teaches creationism ndash God created man and all the world
Scopes ldquoMonkeyrdquo TrialEvolution vs Creationism
Dayton TennesseeFamous Lawyers
Science vs Religion
John Scopes
High School Biology teacher
SCOPES TRIAL
In March 1925 Tennessee passed the nationrsquos first law that made it a crime to teach evolution
John Scopes arrested
Scopes was a biology teacher who
dared to teach his students that man
derived from lower species
Fundamentalism
bull Scopes Monkey Trial ndash a science teacher from Tennessee wanted to teach evolution but the school would not allow it and he sued
bull ACLU ndash American Civil Liberties Union backed the teacher
bull William Jennings Bryan represented the creationist
bull Clarence Darrow represented the evolutionist
Scopes Trial
bull Fundamentalists believed the Bible was literally true and without error
bull They rejected Darwinrsquos theory of evolution
bull Evolution ndash human beings had developed from lower forms of life over the course of millions of year
bull The creationists won the trial but because of the trial the Fundamentalists fell out of favor
Scopes was found guilty and fined $100
Scopes Monkey Trial
Prohibition18th Amendment Volstead Act
Gangsters
Al Capone
Prohibition
bull The 18th amendment ndash banned the production and sale of alcohol
bull The Volstead Act ndash enforcing Prohibition became the responsibility of the US Treasury Department
bull Granted federal and state governments the power to enforce Prohibition
PROHIBITION
18th Amendment in 1920
illegal to make sell or transport liquor
Prohibition lasted from 1920
to 1933 when it was repealed
by the 21st Amendment
bull PROHIBITION - on manuf and sale of alcohol
bull adopted in 1919 - 18th AMENDMENT
bull an outgrowth of the longtime temperance movement
bull in WWI temperance became a patriotic mvmt - drunkenness caused low productivity amp inefficiency and alcohol needed to treat the wounded
bull a difficult law to enforce organized crime speakeasies bootleggers were on the rise
bull Al Capone virtually controlled Chicago in this period -capitalism at its zenithhellip
bull Prohibition finally ended in 1933 w the 21st Amendment
bull forced organized crime to pursue other interestshellip
Prohibitionbull Speakeasies ndash secret bars where you could buy
alcohol
bull Crime was glamorized and became big business Some gangsters had enough money to corrupt local politicians (organized crime)
bull Al Capone ndash one of the most successful and violent gangsters of the time
bull Bonnie and Clyde Baby Faced Nelson John Dillinger all famous during this time period
bull The Twenty-first Amendment ended Prohibition
The Speakeasy
Al Capone
Bootlegged whiskey from Canada
ran a network of 10000 speakeasies
made $60 million in bootlegging
He killed off the competition (literally)
Rise of organized crime and the Mob
bullProhibition caused a RISE in crime and lawlessness not a decrease
bull21st Amendment repeals Prohibition
Why Prohibition Failed
1Unpopular
2Led to organized crime
3Death due to poor quality alcohol
4Under funded and hard to enforce
1500 agents were responsible for enforcing
Al Capone
THE TWENTIES WOMAN
After World War I Americans were looking for a little fun in the 1920s
Chicago
1926
Why were women able to become more independent after WWI
bull 1920s also brought about great changes for women
bull 1920 - 19th Amendment gave them the federal vote
bull after 1920 social circumstances changed too as more women worked outside the home
bull and more women went to college and clamoured to join the professions
bull women didnt want to sacrifice wartime gains -amounted to a social revolt
bull characterized by the FLAPPER new womanndash (bobbed hair short dresses
smoked in public)
19th Amendment (1920)
NEW ROLES FOR WOMEN
bull More women workingndash Usually single or widowed womenndash Many women entered the workplace as nurses
teachers librarians amp secretariesndash Income to spend
bull Technology made life easierndash Stoves refrigerators vacuum cleanershellip
bull Margaret Sangerndash Birth control movementndash Family size decreases
Traditional Role of Women
bull Flappers A young woman with short skirts and rouged cheeks who had her hair cropped close in a style known as a bob
bull Women gained the right to vote with passage of the nineteenth amendment
THE FLAPPER
A Flapper was a young woman who embraced the new fashions and urban attitudes
Wanted independence
Rebelled against traditional roles
The 20rsquos is The Jazz AgeThe Flappers
make up
cigarettes
short skirts
MusiciansLouis Armstrong
Duke Ellington
WritersF Scott Fitzgerald
Ernest Hemingway
Culture of the Roaring 20rsquosRadio
KDKA Pittsburgh
GE Westinghouseamp RCA
form NBC
Silent Movies
Charlie Chaplin
ldquoTalkiesrdquoThe Jazz SingerStarring Al Jolson
Mary PickfordldquoAmericarsquos Sweetheartrdquo
Cultural Innovations
bull Talking picture ndash The Jazz Singer ndash was produced and the golden age of Hollywood began
bull Mass media ndash radio movies newspapers and magazines aimed at a broad audience ndash did more than just entertain
bull They helped to broaden peoplersquos interests and fostered a sense of shared national experience
ENTERTAINMENT AND ARTS
First sound movies Jazz Singer (1927)
First animated with sound Steamboat Willie (1928)
By 1930 millions ofAmericans went to the movies each week
Walt Disneys animated Steamboat
Willie marked the debut of Mickey
Mouse It was a seven minute long
black and white cartoon
African American Culture
bull The Great Migration ndash hundreds of thousands of African Americans move from the rural South to industrial cities in the North
bull Harlem Renaissance ndash African Americans created an environment that stimulated artistic development racial pride and a sense of community
bull Langston Hughes (writer) Louis Armstrong (trumpet player) Duke Ellington (bandleader)
Harlem Renaissance
In the 1920s it was home to a literary and artistic revival known as the Harlem Renaissance
WHAT MADE THE HARLEM RENAISSANCE POSSIBLE
Between 1910 and 1920 the Great Migration saw hundreds of thousands of African Americans move north to big cities
Migration of the Negro by
Jacob Lawrence
Harlem Renaissancebull Writers
ndash Langston Hughes (Poet)ndash Zora Neale Hurston (Writer)
bull Famous Jazz Musiciansndash ldquoDukerdquo Ellington ndash Louis Armstrong ndash Bessie Smith
bull Cotton Club famous Jazz Club in Harlemndash Blacks usually denied admission
Black Nationalism
bull Pan-Africanism aimed to unite people of African descent worldwide
bull Marcus Garvey
Universal Negro Improvement Associationndash Aims African-American
economic independence amp a Black homeland in Africa
bull Marcus Garvey (Jamaican born immigrant) established the Universal Negro Improvement Association
bull believed in Black pride
bull advocated racial segregation bc of Black superiority
bull Garvey believed Blacks should return to Africa
bull he purchased a ship to start the Black Star line
bull attracted many investments govt charged him with wfraud
bull he was found guilty and eventually deported to Jamaica but his organization continued to exist
CelebritiesBabe Ruth ampTy Cobb
Jack Dempsey
Charles Lindbergh
The Spirit of St Louis
Notables
bull Charles Lindbergh ndash first to fly across the Atlantic
bull Babe Ruth ndash may be the best known baseball player
bull Henry Ford ndash the assembly line his most important invention also developed the Model T ford
bull Welfare capitalism ndash Companies allowed workers to buy stock participate in profit sharing and receive benefits such as medical care and pensions
Notables
bull Open shop ndash a workplace where employees were not required to join a union
bull In 1920 Westinghouse Company broadcast one of the first public broadcast in history
bull 1926 National Broadcasting Company (NBC) established a permanent network of stations to distribute daily programs
bull 1928 Columbia Broadcasting System (CBS) assembled a coast-to-coast network of stations
Slides
bull Some of the slides used came from a internet site Please be aware that I am using them for educational purposes and they may not be usable due to copyright laws
Effects of Anti-Immigration
bull Immigration controls
bull Emergency Quota act
(1921) amp National
Quota Act (1924)
bull Limit the number of
Immigrants from
ldquodangerousrdquo countries
Laissez-faire
bull Return the power
of big business
bull Government
crackdown on
labor unions
-labor unions seen
as communist
supporters
Global Policies
bull The United States hope to become isolationist again
Small Towns v Big Cities
bull 1920 Census
bull gt50 of all
Americans lived in Cities
bull Farmers less
Important
Fundamentalism
bull Religious movement
of the era that
hoped to restore the
morality of America
bull Supporters Rural areas
Scopes Monkey Trial
bull Evolution vs The Bible
bull Science City
bull Bible Rural
bull Evolution is Darwinrsquos Theory that man evolved over time from monkeys
bull The Bible teaches creationism ndash God created man and all the world
Scopes ldquoMonkeyrdquo TrialEvolution vs Creationism
Dayton TennesseeFamous Lawyers
Science vs Religion
John Scopes
High School Biology teacher
SCOPES TRIAL
In March 1925 Tennessee passed the nationrsquos first law that made it a crime to teach evolution
John Scopes arrested
Scopes was a biology teacher who
dared to teach his students that man
derived from lower species
Fundamentalism
bull Scopes Monkey Trial ndash a science teacher from Tennessee wanted to teach evolution but the school would not allow it and he sued
bull ACLU ndash American Civil Liberties Union backed the teacher
bull William Jennings Bryan represented the creationist
bull Clarence Darrow represented the evolutionist
Scopes Trial
bull Fundamentalists believed the Bible was literally true and without error
bull They rejected Darwinrsquos theory of evolution
bull Evolution ndash human beings had developed from lower forms of life over the course of millions of year
bull The creationists won the trial but because of the trial the Fundamentalists fell out of favor
Scopes was found guilty and fined $100
Scopes Monkey Trial
Prohibition18th Amendment Volstead Act
Gangsters
Al Capone
Prohibition
bull The 18th amendment ndash banned the production and sale of alcohol
bull The Volstead Act ndash enforcing Prohibition became the responsibility of the US Treasury Department
bull Granted federal and state governments the power to enforce Prohibition
PROHIBITION
18th Amendment in 1920
illegal to make sell or transport liquor
Prohibition lasted from 1920
to 1933 when it was repealed
by the 21st Amendment
bull PROHIBITION - on manuf and sale of alcohol
bull adopted in 1919 - 18th AMENDMENT
bull an outgrowth of the longtime temperance movement
bull in WWI temperance became a patriotic mvmt - drunkenness caused low productivity amp inefficiency and alcohol needed to treat the wounded
bull a difficult law to enforce organized crime speakeasies bootleggers were on the rise
bull Al Capone virtually controlled Chicago in this period -capitalism at its zenithhellip
bull Prohibition finally ended in 1933 w the 21st Amendment
bull forced organized crime to pursue other interestshellip
Prohibitionbull Speakeasies ndash secret bars where you could buy
alcohol
bull Crime was glamorized and became big business Some gangsters had enough money to corrupt local politicians (organized crime)
bull Al Capone ndash one of the most successful and violent gangsters of the time
bull Bonnie and Clyde Baby Faced Nelson John Dillinger all famous during this time period
bull The Twenty-first Amendment ended Prohibition
The Speakeasy
Al Capone
Bootlegged whiskey from Canada
ran a network of 10000 speakeasies
made $60 million in bootlegging
He killed off the competition (literally)
Rise of organized crime and the Mob
bullProhibition caused a RISE in crime and lawlessness not a decrease
bull21st Amendment repeals Prohibition
Why Prohibition Failed
1Unpopular
2Led to organized crime
3Death due to poor quality alcohol
4Under funded and hard to enforce
1500 agents were responsible for enforcing
Al Capone
THE TWENTIES WOMAN
After World War I Americans were looking for a little fun in the 1920s
Chicago
1926
Why were women able to become more independent after WWI
bull 1920s also brought about great changes for women
bull 1920 - 19th Amendment gave them the federal vote
bull after 1920 social circumstances changed too as more women worked outside the home
bull and more women went to college and clamoured to join the professions
bull women didnt want to sacrifice wartime gains -amounted to a social revolt
bull characterized by the FLAPPER new womanndash (bobbed hair short dresses
smoked in public)
19th Amendment (1920)
NEW ROLES FOR WOMEN
bull More women workingndash Usually single or widowed womenndash Many women entered the workplace as nurses
teachers librarians amp secretariesndash Income to spend
bull Technology made life easierndash Stoves refrigerators vacuum cleanershellip
bull Margaret Sangerndash Birth control movementndash Family size decreases
Traditional Role of Women
bull Flappers A young woman with short skirts and rouged cheeks who had her hair cropped close in a style known as a bob
bull Women gained the right to vote with passage of the nineteenth amendment
THE FLAPPER
A Flapper was a young woman who embraced the new fashions and urban attitudes
Wanted independence
Rebelled against traditional roles
The 20rsquos is The Jazz AgeThe Flappers
make up
cigarettes
short skirts
MusiciansLouis Armstrong
Duke Ellington
WritersF Scott Fitzgerald
Ernest Hemingway
Culture of the Roaring 20rsquosRadio
KDKA Pittsburgh
GE Westinghouseamp RCA
form NBC
Silent Movies
Charlie Chaplin
ldquoTalkiesrdquoThe Jazz SingerStarring Al Jolson
Mary PickfordldquoAmericarsquos Sweetheartrdquo
Cultural Innovations
bull Talking picture ndash The Jazz Singer ndash was produced and the golden age of Hollywood began
bull Mass media ndash radio movies newspapers and magazines aimed at a broad audience ndash did more than just entertain
bull They helped to broaden peoplersquos interests and fostered a sense of shared national experience
ENTERTAINMENT AND ARTS
First sound movies Jazz Singer (1927)
First animated with sound Steamboat Willie (1928)
By 1930 millions ofAmericans went to the movies each week
Walt Disneys animated Steamboat
Willie marked the debut of Mickey
Mouse It was a seven minute long
black and white cartoon
African American Culture
bull The Great Migration ndash hundreds of thousands of African Americans move from the rural South to industrial cities in the North
bull Harlem Renaissance ndash African Americans created an environment that stimulated artistic development racial pride and a sense of community
bull Langston Hughes (writer) Louis Armstrong (trumpet player) Duke Ellington (bandleader)
Harlem Renaissance
In the 1920s it was home to a literary and artistic revival known as the Harlem Renaissance
WHAT MADE THE HARLEM RENAISSANCE POSSIBLE
Between 1910 and 1920 the Great Migration saw hundreds of thousands of African Americans move north to big cities
Migration of the Negro by
Jacob Lawrence
Harlem Renaissancebull Writers
ndash Langston Hughes (Poet)ndash Zora Neale Hurston (Writer)
bull Famous Jazz Musiciansndash ldquoDukerdquo Ellington ndash Louis Armstrong ndash Bessie Smith
bull Cotton Club famous Jazz Club in Harlemndash Blacks usually denied admission
Black Nationalism
bull Pan-Africanism aimed to unite people of African descent worldwide
bull Marcus Garvey
Universal Negro Improvement Associationndash Aims African-American
economic independence amp a Black homeland in Africa
bull Marcus Garvey (Jamaican born immigrant) established the Universal Negro Improvement Association
bull believed in Black pride
bull advocated racial segregation bc of Black superiority
bull Garvey believed Blacks should return to Africa
bull he purchased a ship to start the Black Star line
bull attracted many investments govt charged him with wfraud
bull he was found guilty and eventually deported to Jamaica but his organization continued to exist
CelebritiesBabe Ruth ampTy Cobb
Jack Dempsey
Charles Lindbergh
The Spirit of St Louis
Notables
bull Charles Lindbergh ndash first to fly across the Atlantic
bull Babe Ruth ndash may be the best known baseball player
bull Henry Ford ndash the assembly line his most important invention also developed the Model T ford
bull Welfare capitalism ndash Companies allowed workers to buy stock participate in profit sharing and receive benefits such as medical care and pensions
Notables
bull Open shop ndash a workplace where employees were not required to join a union
bull In 1920 Westinghouse Company broadcast one of the first public broadcast in history
bull 1926 National Broadcasting Company (NBC) established a permanent network of stations to distribute daily programs
bull 1928 Columbia Broadcasting System (CBS) assembled a coast-to-coast network of stations
Slides
bull Some of the slides used came from a internet site Please be aware that I am using them for educational purposes and they may not be usable due to copyright laws
Laissez-faire
bull Return the power
of big business
bull Government
crackdown on
labor unions
-labor unions seen
as communist
supporters
Global Policies
bull The United States hope to become isolationist again
Small Towns v Big Cities
bull 1920 Census
bull gt50 of all
Americans lived in Cities
bull Farmers less
Important
Fundamentalism
bull Religious movement
of the era that
hoped to restore the
morality of America
bull Supporters Rural areas
Scopes Monkey Trial
bull Evolution vs The Bible
bull Science City
bull Bible Rural
bull Evolution is Darwinrsquos Theory that man evolved over time from monkeys
bull The Bible teaches creationism ndash God created man and all the world
Scopes ldquoMonkeyrdquo TrialEvolution vs Creationism
Dayton TennesseeFamous Lawyers
Science vs Religion
John Scopes
High School Biology teacher
SCOPES TRIAL
In March 1925 Tennessee passed the nationrsquos first law that made it a crime to teach evolution
John Scopes arrested
Scopes was a biology teacher who
dared to teach his students that man
derived from lower species
Fundamentalism
bull Scopes Monkey Trial ndash a science teacher from Tennessee wanted to teach evolution but the school would not allow it and he sued
bull ACLU ndash American Civil Liberties Union backed the teacher
bull William Jennings Bryan represented the creationist
bull Clarence Darrow represented the evolutionist
Scopes Trial
bull Fundamentalists believed the Bible was literally true and without error
bull They rejected Darwinrsquos theory of evolution
bull Evolution ndash human beings had developed from lower forms of life over the course of millions of year
bull The creationists won the trial but because of the trial the Fundamentalists fell out of favor
Scopes was found guilty and fined $100
Scopes Monkey Trial
Prohibition18th Amendment Volstead Act
Gangsters
Al Capone
Prohibition
bull The 18th amendment ndash banned the production and sale of alcohol
bull The Volstead Act ndash enforcing Prohibition became the responsibility of the US Treasury Department
bull Granted federal and state governments the power to enforce Prohibition
PROHIBITION
18th Amendment in 1920
illegal to make sell or transport liquor
Prohibition lasted from 1920
to 1933 when it was repealed
by the 21st Amendment
bull PROHIBITION - on manuf and sale of alcohol
bull adopted in 1919 - 18th AMENDMENT
bull an outgrowth of the longtime temperance movement
bull in WWI temperance became a patriotic mvmt - drunkenness caused low productivity amp inefficiency and alcohol needed to treat the wounded
bull a difficult law to enforce organized crime speakeasies bootleggers were on the rise
bull Al Capone virtually controlled Chicago in this period -capitalism at its zenithhellip
bull Prohibition finally ended in 1933 w the 21st Amendment
bull forced organized crime to pursue other interestshellip
Prohibitionbull Speakeasies ndash secret bars where you could buy
alcohol
bull Crime was glamorized and became big business Some gangsters had enough money to corrupt local politicians (organized crime)
bull Al Capone ndash one of the most successful and violent gangsters of the time
bull Bonnie and Clyde Baby Faced Nelson John Dillinger all famous during this time period
bull The Twenty-first Amendment ended Prohibition
The Speakeasy
Al Capone
Bootlegged whiskey from Canada
ran a network of 10000 speakeasies
made $60 million in bootlegging
He killed off the competition (literally)
Rise of organized crime and the Mob
bullProhibition caused a RISE in crime and lawlessness not a decrease
bull21st Amendment repeals Prohibition
Why Prohibition Failed
1Unpopular
2Led to organized crime
3Death due to poor quality alcohol
4Under funded and hard to enforce
1500 agents were responsible for enforcing
Al Capone
THE TWENTIES WOMAN
After World War I Americans were looking for a little fun in the 1920s
Chicago
1926
Why were women able to become more independent after WWI
bull 1920s also brought about great changes for women
bull 1920 - 19th Amendment gave them the federal vote
bull after 1920 social circumstances changed too as more women worked outside the home
bull and more women went to college and clamoured to join the professions
bull women didnt want to sacrifice wartime gains -amounted to a social revolt
bull characterized by the FLAPPER new womanndash (bobbed hair short dresses
smoked in public)
19th Amendment (1920)
NEW ROLES FOR WOMEN
bull More women workingndash Usually single or widowed womenndash Many women entered the workplace as nurses
teachers librarians amp secretariesndash Income to spend
bull Technology made life easierndash Stoves refrigerators vacuum cleanershellip
bull Margaret Sangerndash Birth control movementndash Family size decreases
Traditional Role of Women
bull Flappers A young woman with short skirts and rouged cheeks who had her hair cropped close in a style known as a bob
bull Women gained the right to vote with passage of the nineteenth amendment
THE FLAPPER
A Flapper was a young woman who embraced the new fashions and urban attitudes
Wanted independence
Rebelled against traditional roles
The 20rsquos is The Jazz AgeThe Flappers
make up
cigarettes
short skirts
MusiciansLouis Armstrong
Duke Ellington
WritersF Scott Fitzgerald
Ernest Hemingway
Culture of the Roaring 20rsquosRadio
KDKA Pittsburgh
GE Westinghouseamp RCA
form NBC
Silent Movies
Charlie Chaplin
ldquoTalkiesrdquoThe Jazz SingerStarring Al Jolson
Mary PickfordldquoAmericarsquos Sweetheartrdquo
Cultural Innovations
bull Talking picture ndash The Jazz Singer ndash was produced and the golden age of Hollywood began
bull Mass media ndash radio movies newspapers and magazines aimed at a broad audience ndash did more than just entertain
bull They helped to broaden peoplersquos interests and fostered a sense of shared national experience
ENTERTAINMENT AND ARTS
First sound movies Jazz Singer (1927)
First animated with sound Steamboat Willie (1928)
By 1930 millions ofAmericans went to the movies each week
Walt Disneys animated Steamboat
Willie marked the debut of Mickey
Mouse It was a seven minute long
black and white cartoon
African American Culture
bull The Great Migration ndash hundreds of thousands of African Americans move from the rural South to industrial cities in the North
bull Harlem Renaissance ndash African Americans created an environment that stimulated artistic development racial pride and a sense of community
bull Langston Hughes (writer) Louis Armstrong (trumpet player) Duke Ellington (bandleader)
Harlem Renaissance
In the 1920s it was home to a literary and artistic revival known as the Harlem Renaissance
WHAT MADE THE HARLEM RENAISSANCE POSSIBLE
Between 1910 and 1920 the Great Migration saw hundreds of thousands of African Americans move north to big cities
Migration of the Negro by
Jacob Lawrence
Harlem Renaissancebull Writers
ndash Langston Hughes (Poet)ndash Zora Neale Hurston (Writer)
bull Famous Jazz Musiciansndash ldquoDukerdquo Ellington ndash Louis Armstrong ndash Bessie Smith
bull Cotton Club famous Jazz Club in Harlemndash Blacks usually denied admission
Black Nationalism
bull Pan-Africanism aimed to unite people of African descent worldwide
bull Marcus Garvey
Universal Negro Improvement Associationndash Aims African-American
economic independence amp a Black homeland in Africa
bull Marcus Garvey (Jamaican born immigrant) established the Universal Negro Improvement Association
bull believed in Black pride
bull advocated racial segregation bc of Black superiority
bull Garvey believed Blacks should return to Africa
bull he purchased a ship to start the Black Star line
bull attracted many investments govt charged him with wfraud
bull he was found guilty and eventually deported to Jamaica but his organization continued to exist
CelebritiesBabe Ruth ampTy Cobb
Jack Dempsey
Charles Lindbergh
The Spirit of St Louis
Notables
bull Charles Lindbergh ndash first to fly across the Atlantic
bull Babe Ruth ndash may be the best known baseball player
bull Henry Ford ndash the assembly line his most important invention also developed the Model T ford
bull Welfare capitalism ndash Companies allowed workers to buy stock participate in profit sharing and receive benefits such as medical care and pensions
Notables
bull Open shop ndash a workplace where employees were not required to join a union
bull In 1920 Westinghouse Company broadcast one of the first public broadcast in history
bull 1926 National Broadcasting Company (NBC) established a permanent network of stations to distribute daily programs
bull 1928 Columbia Broadcasting System (CBS) assembled a coast-to-coast network of stations
Slides
bull Some of the slides used came from a internet site Please be aware that I am using them for educational purposes and they may not be usable due to copyright laws
Global Policies
bull The United States hope to become isolationist again
Small Towns v Big Cities
bull 1920 Census
bull gt50 of all
Americans lived in Cities
bull Farmers less
Important
Fundamentalism
bull Religious movement
of the era that
hoped to restore the
morality of America
bull Supporters Rural areas
Scopes Monkey Trial
bull Evolution vs The Bible
bull Science City
bull Bible Rural
bull Evolution is Darwinrsquos Theory that man evolved over time from monkeys
bull The Bible teaches creationism ndash God created man and all the world
Scopes ldquoMonkeyrdquo TrialEvolution vs Creationism
Dayton TennesseeFamous Lawyers
Science vs Religion
John Scopes
High School Biology teacher
SCOPES TRIAL
In March 1925 Tennessee passed the nationrsquos first law that made it a crime to teach evolution
John Scopes arrested
Scopes was a biology teacher who
dared to teach his students that man
derived from lower species
Fundamentalism
bull Scopes Monkey Trial ndash a science teacher from Tennessee wanted to teach evolution but the school would not allow it and he sued
bull ACLU ndash American Civil Liberties Union backed the teacher
bull William Jennings Bryan represented the creationist
bull Clarence Darrow represented the evolutionist
Scopes Trial
bull Fundamentalists believed the Bible was literally true and without error
bull They rejected Darwinrsquos theory of evolution
bull Evolution ndash human beings had developed from lower forms of life over the course of millions of year
bull The creationists won the trial but because of the trial the Fundamentalists fell out of favor
Scopes was found guilty and fined $100
Scopes Monkey Trial
Prohibition18th Amendment Volstead Act
Gangsters
Al Capone
Prohibition
bull The 18th amendment ndash banned the production and sale of alcohol
bull The Volstead Act ndash enforcing Prohibition became the responsibility of the US Treasury Department
bull Granted federal and state governments the power to enforce Prohibition
PROHIBITION
18th Amendment in 1920
illegal to make sell or transport liquor
Prohibition lasted from 1920
to 1933 when it was repealed
by the 21st Amendment
bull PROHIBITION - on manuf and sale of alcohol
bull adopted in 1919 - 18th AMENDMENT
bull an outgrowth of the longtime temperance movement
bull in WWI temperance became a patriotic mvmt - drunkenness caused low productivity amp inefficiency and alcohol needed to treat the wounded
bull a difficult law to enforce organized crime speakeasies bootleggers were on the rise
bull Al Capone virtually controlled Chicago in this period -capitalism at its zenithhellip
bull Prohibition finally ended in 1933 w the 21st Amendment
bull forced organized crime to pursue other interestshellip
Prohibitionbull Speakeasies ndash secret bars where you could buy
alcohol
bull Crime was glamorized and became big business Some gangsters had enough money to corrupt local politicians (organized crime)
bull Al Capone ndash one of the most successful and violent gangsters of the time
bull Bonnie and Clyde Baby Faced Nelson John Dillinger all famous during this time period
bull The Twenty-first Amendment ended Prohibition
The Speakeasy
Al Capone
Bootlegged whiskey from Canada
ran a network of 10000 speakeasies
made $60 million in bootlegging
He killed off the competition (literally)
Rise of organized crime and the Mob
bullProhibition caused a RISE in crime and lawlessness not a decrease
bull21st Amendment repeals Prohibition
Why Prohibition Failed
1Unpopular
2Led to organized crime
3Death due to poor quality alcohol
4Under funded and hard to enforce
1500 agents were responsible for enforcing
Al Capone
THE TWENTIES WOMAN
After World War I Americans were looking for a little fun in the 1920s
Chicago
1926
Why were women able to become more independent after WWI
bull 1920s also brought about great changes for women
bull 1920 - 19th Amendment gave them the federal vote
bull after 1920 social circumstances changed too as more women worked outside the home
bull and more women went to college and clamoured to join the professions
bull women didnt want to sacrifice wartime gains -amounted to a social revolt
bull characterized by the FLAPPER new womanndash (bobbed hair short dresses
smoked in public)
19th Amendment (1920)
NEW ROLES FOR WOMEN
bull More women workingndash Usually single or widowed womenndash Many women entered the workplace as nurses
teachers librarians amp secretariesndash Income to spend
bull Technology made life easierndash Stoves refrigerators vacuum cleanershellip
bull Margaret Sangerndash Birth control movementndash Family size decreases
Traditional Role of Women
bull Flappers A young woman with short skirts and rouged cheeks who had her hair cropped close in a style known as a bob
bull Women gained the right to vote with passage of the nineteenth amendment
THE FLAPPER
A Flapper was a young woman who embraced the new fashions and urban attitudes
Wanted independence
Rebelled against traditional roles
The 20rsquos is The Jazz AgeThe Flappers
make up
cigarettes
short skirts
MusiciansLouis Armstrong
Duke Ellington
WritersF Scott Fitzgerald
Ernest Hemingway
Culture of the Roaring 20rsquosRadio
KDKA Pittsburgh
GE Westinghouseamp RCA
form NBC
Silent Movies
Charlie Chaplin
ldquoTalkiesrdquoThe Jazz SingerStarring Al Jolson
Mary PickfordldquoAmericarsquos Sweetheartrdquo
Cultural Innovations
bull Talking picture ndash The Jazz Singer ndash was produced and the golden age of Hollywood began
bull Mass media ndash radio movies newspapers and magazines aimed at a broad audience ndash did more than just entertain
bull They helped to broaden peoplersquos interests and fostered a sense of shared national experience
ENTERTAINMENT AND ARTS
First sound movies Jazz Singer (1927)
First animated with sound Steamboat Willie (1928)
By 1930 millions ofAmericans went to the movies each week
Walt Disneys animated Steamboat
Willie marked the debut of Mickey
Mouse It was a seven minute long
black and white cartoon
African American Culture
bull The Great Migration ndash hundreds of thousands of African Americans move from the rural South to industrial cities in the North
bull Harlem Renaissance ndash African Americans created an environment that stimulated artistic development racial pride and a sense of community
bull Langston Hughes (writer) Louis Armstrong (trumpet player) Duke Ellington (bandleader)
Harlem Renaissance
In the 1920s it was home to a literary and artistic revival known as the Harlem Renaissance
WHAT MADE THE HARLEM RENAISSANCE POSSIBLE
Between 1910 and 1920 the Great Migration saw hundreds of thousands of African Americans move north to big cities
Migration of the Negro by
Jacob Lawrence
Harlem Renaissancebull Writers
ndash Langston Hughes (Poet)ndash Zora Neale Hurston (Writer)
bull Famous Jazz Musiciansndash ldquoDukerdquo Ellington ndash Louis Armstrong ndash Bessie Smith
bull Cotton Club famous Jazz Club in Harlemndash Blacks usually denied admission
Black Nationalism
bull Pan-Africanism aimed to unite people of African descent worldwide
bull Marcus Garvey
Universal Negro Improvement Associationndash Aims African-American
economic independence amp a Black homeland in Africa
bull Marcus Garvey (Jamaican born immigrant) established the Universal Negro Improvement Association
bull believed in Black pride
bull advocated racial segregation bc of Black superiority
bull Garvey believed Blacks should return to Africa
bull he purchased a ship to start the Black Star line
bull attracted many investments govt charged him with wfraud
bull he was found guilty and eventually deported to Jamaica but his organization continued to exist
CelebritiesBabe Ruth ampTy Cobb
Jack Dempsey
Charles Lindbergh
The Spirit of St Louis
Notables
bull Charles Lindbergh ndash first to fly across the Atlantic
bull Babe Ruth ndash may be the best known baseball player
bull Henry Ford ndash the assembly line his most important invention also developed the Model T ford
bull Welfare capitalism ndash Companies allowed workers to buy stock participate in profit sharing and receive benefits such as medical care and pensions
Notables
bull Open shop ndash a workplace where employees were not required to join a union
bull In 1920 Westinghouse Company broadcast one of the first public broadcast in history
bull 1926 National Broadcasting Company (NBC) established a permanent network of stations to distribute daily programs
bull 1928 Columbia Broadcasting System (CBS) assembled a coast-to-coast network of stations
Slides
bull Some of the slides used came from a internet site Please be aware that I am using them for educational purposes and they may not be usable due to copyright laws
Small Towns v Big Cities
bull 1920 Census
bull gt50 of all
Americans lived in Cities
bull Farmers less
Important
Fundamentalism
bull Religious movement
of the era that
hoped to restore the
morality of America
bull Supporters Rural areas
Scopes Monkey Trial
bull Evolution vs The Bible
bull Science City
bull Bible Rural
bull Evolution is Darwinrsquos Theory that man evolved over time from monkeys
bull The Bible teaches creationism ndash God created man and all the world
Scopes ldquoMonkeyrdquo TrialEvolution vs Creationism
Dayton TennesseeFamous Lawyers
Science vs Religion
John Scopes
High School Biology teacher
SCOPES TRIAL
In March 1925 Tennessee passed the nationrsquos first law that made it a crime to teach evolution
John Scopes arrested
Scopes was a biology teacher who
dared to teach his students that man
derived from lower species
Fundamentalism
bull Scopes Monkey Trial ndash a science teacher from Tennessee wanted to teach evolution but the school would not allow it and he sued
bull ACLU ndash American Civil Liberties Union backed the teacher
bull William Jennings Bryan represented the creationist
bull Clarence Darrow represented the evolutionist
Scopes Trial
bull Fundamentalists believed the Bible was literally true and without error
bull They rejected Darwinrsquos theory of evolution
bull Evolution ndash human beings had developed from lower forms of life over the course of millions of year
bull The creationists won the trial but because of the trial the Fundamentalists fell out of favor
Scopes was found guilty and fined $100
Scopes Monkey Trial
Prohibition18th Amendment Volstead Act
Gangsters
Al Capone
Prohibition
bull The 18th amendment ndash banned the production and sale of alcohol
bull The Volstead Act ndash enforcing Prohibition became the responsibility of the US Treasury Department
bull Granted federal and state governments the power to enforce Prohibition
PROHIBITION
18th Amendment in 1920
illegal to make sell or transport liquor
Prohibition lasted from 1920
to 1933 when it was repealed
by the 21st Amendment
bull PROHIBITION - on manuf and sale of alcohol
bull adopted in 1919 - 18th AMENDMENT
bull an outgrowth of the longtime temperance movement
bull in WWI temperance became a patriotic mvmt - drunkenness caused low productivity amp inefficiency and alcohol needed to treat the wounded
bull a difficult law to enforce organized crime speakeasies bootleggers were on the rise
bull Al Capone virtually controlled Chicago in this period -capitalism at its zenithhellip
bull Prohibition finally ended in 1933 w the 21st Amendment
bull forced organized crime to pursue other interestshellip
Prohibitionbull Speakeasies ndash secret bars where you could buy
alcohol
bull Crime was glamorized and became big business Some gangsters had enough money to corrupt local politicians (organized crime)
bull Al Capone ndash one of the most successful and violent gangsters of the time
bull Bonnie and Clyde Baby Faced Nelson John Dillinger all famous during this time period
bull The Twenty-first Amendment ended Prohibition
The Speakeasy
Al Capone
Bootlegged whiskey from Canada
ran a network of 10000 speakeasies
made $60 million in bootlegging
He killed off the competition (literally)
Rise of organized crime and the Mob
bullProhibition caused a RISE in crime and lawlessness not a decrease
bull21st Amendment repeals Prohibition
Why Prohibition Failed
1Unpopular
2Led to organized crime
3Death due to poor quality alcohol
4Under funded and hard to enforce
1500 agents were responsible for enforcing
Al Capone
THE TWENTIES WOMAN
After World War I Americans were looking for a little fun in the 1920s
Chicago
1926
Why were women able to become more independent after WWI
bull 1920s also brought about great changes for women
bull 1920 - 19th Amendment gave them the federal vote
bull after 1920 social circumstances changed too as more women worked outside the home
bull and more women went to college and clamoured to join the professions
bull women didnt want to sacrifice wartime gains -amounted to a social revolt
bull characterized by the FLAPPER new womanndash (bobbed hair short dresses
smoked in public)
19th Amendment (1920)
NEW ROLES FOR WOMEN
bull More women workingndash Usually single or widowed womenndash Many women entered the workplace as nurses
teachers librarians amp secretariesndash Income to spend
bull Technology made life easierndash Stoves refrigerators vacuum cleanershellip
bull Margaret Sangerndash Birth control movementndash Family size decreases
Traditional Role of Women
bull Flappers A young woman with short skirts and rouged cheeks who had her hair cropped close in a style known as a bob
bull Women gained the right to vote with passage of the nineteenth amendment
THE FLAPPER
A Flapper was a young woman who embraced the new fashions and urban attitudes
Wanted independence
Rebelled against traditional roles
The 20rsquos is The Jazz AgeThe Flappers
make up
cigarettes
short skirts
MusiciansLouis Armstrong
Duke Ellington
WritersF Scott Fitzgerald
Ernest Hemingway
Culture of the Roaring 20rsquosRadio
KDKA Pittsburgh
GE Westinghouseamp RCA
form NBC
Silent Movies
Charlie Chaplin
ldquoTalkiesrdquoThe Jazz SingerStarring Al Jolson
Mary PickfordldquoAmericarsquos Sweetheartrdquo
Cultural Innovations
bull Talking picture ndash The Jazz Singer ndash was produced and the golden age of Hollywood began
bull Mass media ndash radio movies newspapers and magazines aimed at a broad audience ndash did more than just entertain
bull They helped to broaden peoplersquos interests and fostered a sense of shared national experience
ENTERTAINMENT AND ARTS
First sound movies Jazz Singer (1927)
First animated with sound Steamboat Willie (1928)
By 1930 millions ofAmericans went to the movies each week
Walt Disneys animated Steamboat
Willie marked the debut of Mickey
Mouse It was a seven minute long
black and white cartoon
African American Culture
bull The Great Migration ndash hundreds of thousands of African Americans move from the rural South to industrial cities in the North
bull Harlem Renaissance ndash African Americans created an environment that stimulated artistic development racial pride and a sense of community
bull Langston Hughes (writer) Louis Armstrong (trumpet player) Duke Ellington (bandleader)
Harlem Renaissance
In the 1920s it was home to a literary and artistic revival known as the Harlem Renaissance
WHAT MADE THE HARLEM RENAISSANCE POSSIBLE
Between 1910 and 1920 the Great Migration saw hundreds of thousands of African Americans move north to big cities
Migration of the Negro by
Jacob Lawrence
Harlem Renaissancebull Writers
ndash Langston Hughes (Poet)ndash Zora Neale Hurston (Writer)
bull Famous Jazz Musiciansndash ldquoDukerdquo Ellington ndash Louis Armstrong ndash Bessie Smith
bull Cotton Club famous Jazz Club in Harlemndash Blacks usually denied admission
Black Nationalism
bull Pan-Africanism aimed to unite people of African descent worldwide
bull Marcus Garvey
Universal Negro Improvement Associationndash Aims African-American
economic independence amp a Black homeland in Africa
bull Marcus Garvey (Jamaican born immigrant) established the Universal Negro Improvement Association
bull believed in Black pride
bull advocated racial segregation bc of Black superiority
bull Garvey believed Blacks should return to Africa
bull he purchased a ship to start the Black Star line
bull attracted many investments govt charged him with wfraud
bull he was found guilty and eventually deported to Jamaica but his organization continued to exist
CelebritiesBabe Ruth ampTy Cobb
Jack Dempsey
Charles Lindbergh
The Spirit of St Louis
Notables
bull Charles Lindbergh ndash first to fly across the Atlantic
bull Babe Ruth ndash may be the best known baseball player
bull Henry Ford ndash the assembly line his most important invention also developed the Model T ford
bull Welfare capitalism ndash Companies allowed workers to buy stock participate in profit sharing and receive benefits such as medical care and pensions
Notables
bull Open shop ndash a workplace where employees were not required to join a union
bull In 1920 Westinghouse Company broadcast one of the first public broadcast in history
bull 1926 National Broadcasting Company (NBC) established a permanent network of stations to distribute daily programs
bull 1928 Columbia Broadcasting System (CBS) assembled a coast-to-coast network of stations
Slides
bull Some of the slides used came from a internet site Please be aware that I am using them for educational purposes and they may not be usable due to copyright laws
Fundamentalism
bull Religious movement
of the era that
hoped to restore the
morality of America
bull Supporters Rural areas
Scopes Monkey Trial
bull Evolution vs The Bible
bull Science City
bull Bible Rural
bull Evolution is Darwinrsquos Theory that man evolved over time from monkeys
bull The Bible teaches creationism ndash God created man and all the world
Scopes ldquoMonkeyrdquo TrialEvolution vs Creationism
Dayton TennesseeFamous Lawyers
Science vs Religion
John Scopes
High School Biology teacher
SCOPES TRIAL
In March 1925 Tennessee passed the nationrsquos first law that made it a crime to teach evolution
John Scopes arrested
Scopes was a biology teacher who
dared to teach his students that man
derived from lower species
Fundamentalism
bull Scopes Monkey Trial ndash a science teacher from Tennessee wanted to teach evolution but the school would not allow it and he sued
bull ACLU ndash American Civil Liberties Union backed the teacher
bull William Jennings Bryan represented the creationist
bull Clarence Darrow represented the evolutionist
Scopes Trial
bull Fundamentalists believed the Bible was literally true and without error
bull They rejected Darwinrsquos theory of evolution
bull Evolution ndash human beings had developed from lower forms of life over the course of millions of year
bull The creationists won the trial but because of the trial the Fundamentalists fell out of favor
Scopes was found guilty and fined $100
Scopes Monkey Trial
Prohibition18th Amendment Volstead Act
Gangsters
Al Capone
Prohibition
bull The 18th amendment ndash banned the production and sale of alcohol
bull The Volstead Act ndash enforcing Prohibition became the responsibility of the US Treasury Department
bull Granted federal and state governments the power to enforce Prohibition
PROHIBITION
18th Amendment in 1920
illegal to make sell or transport liquor
Prohibition lasted from 1920
to 1933 when it was repealed
by the 21st Amendment
bull PROHIBITION - on manuf and sale of alcohol
bull adopted in 1919 - 18th AMENDMENT
bull an outgrowth of the longtime temperance movement
bull in WWI temperance became a patriotic mvmt - drunkenness caused low productivity amp inefficiency and alcohol needed to treat the wounded
bull a difficult law to enforce organized crime speakeasies bootleggers were on the rise
bull Al Capone virtually controlled Chicago in this period -capitalism at its zenithhellip
bull Prohibition finally ended in 1933 w the 21st Amendment
bull forced organized crime to pursue other interestshellip
Prohibitionbull Speakeasies ndash secret bars where you could buy
alcohol
bull Crime was glamorized and became big business Some gangsters had enough money to corrupt local politicians (organized crime)
bull Al Capone ndash one of the most successful and violent gangsters of the time
bull Bonnie and Clyde Baby Faced Nelson John Dillinger all famous during this time period
bull The Twenty-first Amendment ended Prohibition
The Speakeasy
Al Capone
Bootlegged whiskey from Canada
ran a network of 10000 speakeasies
made $60 million in bootlegging
He killed off the competition (literally)
Rise of organized crime and the Mob
bullProhibition caused a RISE in crime and lawlessness not a decrease
bull21st Amendment repeals Prohibition
Why Prohibition Failed
1Unpopular
2Led to organized crime
3Death due to poor quality alcohol
4Under funded and hard to enforce
1500 agents were responsible for enforcing
Al Capone
THE TWENTIES WOMAN
After World War I Americans were looking for a little fun in the 1920s
Chicago
1926
Why were women able to become more independent after WWI
bull 1920s also brought about great changes for women
bull 1920 - 19th Amendment gave them the federal vote
bull after 1920 social circumstances changed too as more women worked outside the home
bull and more women went to college and clamoured to join the professions
bull women didnt want to sacrifice wartime gains -amounted to a social revolt
bull characterized by the FLAPPER new womanndash (bobbed hair short dresses
smoked in public)
19th Amendment (1920)
NEW ROLES FOR WOMEN
bull More women workingndash Usually single or widowed womenndash Many women entered the workplace as nurses
teachers librarians amp secretariesndash Income to spend
bull Technology made life easierndash Stoves refrigerators vacuum cleanershellip
bull Margaret Sangerndash Birth control movementndash Family size decreases
Traditional Role of Women
bull Flappers A young woman with short skirts and rouged cheeks who had her hair cropped close in a style known as a bob
bull Women gained the right to vote with passage of the nineteenth amendment
THE FLAPPER
A Flapper was a young woman who embraced the new fashions and urban attitudes
Wanted independence
Rebelled against traditional roles
The 20rsquos is The Jazz AgeThe Flappers
make up
cigarettes
short skirts
MusiciansLouis Armstrong
Duke Ellington
WritersF Scott Fitzgerald
Ernest Hemingway
Culture of the Roaring 20rsquosRadio
KDKA Pittsburgh
GE Westinghouseamp RCA
form NBC
Silent Movies
Charlie Chaplin
ldquoTalkiesrdquoThe Jazz SingerStarring Al Jolson
Mary PickfordldquoAmericarsquos Sweetheartrdquo
Cultural Innovations
bull Talking picture ndash The Jazz Singer ndash was produced and the golden age of Hollywood began
bull Mass media ndash radio movies newspapers and magazines aimed at a broad audience ndash did more than just entertain
bull They helped to broaden peoplersquos interests and fostered a sense of shared national experience
ENTERTAINMENT AND ARTS
First sound movies Jazz Singer (1927)
First animated with sound Steamboat Willie (1928)
By 1930 millions ofAmericans went to the movies each week
Walt Disneys animated Steamboat
Willie marked the debut of Mickey
Mouse It was a seven minute long
black and white cartoon
African American Culture
bull The Great Migration ndash hundreds of thousands of African Americans move from the rural South to industrial cities in the North
bull Harlem Renaissance ndash African Americans created an environment that stimulated artistic development racial pride and a sense of community
bull Langston Hughes (writer) Louis Armstrong (trumpet player) Duke Ellington (bandleader)
Harlem Renaissance
In the 1920s it was home to a literary and artistic revival known as the Harlem Renaissance
WHAT MADE THE HARLEM RENAISSANCE POSSIBLE
Between 1910 and 1920 the Great Migration saw hundreds of thousands of African Americans move north to big cities
Migration of the Negro by
Jacob Lawrence
Harlem Renaissancebull Writers
ndash Langston Hughes (Poet)ndash Zora Neale Hurston (Writer)
bull Famous Jazz Musiciansndash ldquoDukerdquo Ellington ndash Louis Armstrong ndash Bessie Smith
bull Cotton Club famous Jazz Club in Harlemndash Blacks usually denied admission
Black Nationalism
bull Pan-Africanism aimed to unite people of African descent worldwide
bull Marcus Garvey
Universal Negro Improvement Associationndash Aims African-American
economic independence amp a Black homeland in Africa
bull Marcus Garvey (Jamaican born immigrant) established the Universal Negro Improvement Association
bull believed in Black pride
bull advocated racial segregation bc of Black superiority
bull Garvey believed Blacks should return to Africa
bull he purchased a ship to start the Black Star line
bull attracted many investments govt charged him with wfraud
bull he was found guilty and eventually deported to Jamaica but his organization continued to exist
CelebritiesBabe Ruth ampTy Cobb
Jack Dempsey
Charles Lindbergh
The Spirit of St Louis
Notables
bull Charles Lindbergh ndash first to fly across the Atlantic
bull Babe Ruth ndash may be the best known baseball player
bull Henry Ford ndash the assembly line his most important invention also developed the Model T ford
bull Welfare capitalism ndash Companies allowed workers to buy stock participate in profit sharing and receive benefits such as medical care and pensions
Notables
bull Open shop ndash a workplace where employees were not required to join a union
bull In 1920 Westinghouse Company broadcast one of the first public broadcast in history
bull 1926 National Broadcasting Company (NBC) established a permanent network of stations to distribute daily programs
bull 1928 Columbia Broadcasting System (CBS) assembled a coast-to-coast network of stations
Slides
bull Some of the slides used came from a internet site Please be aware that I am using them for educational purposes and they may not be usable due to copyright laws
Scopes Monkey Trial
bull Evolution vs The Bible
bull Science City
bull Bible Rural
bull Evolution is Darwinrsquos Theory that man evolved over time from monkeys
bull The Bible teaches creationism ndash God created man and all the world
Scopes ldquoMonkeyrdquo TrialEvolution vs Creationism
Dayton TennesseeFamous Lawyers
Science vs Religion
John Scopes
High School Biology teacher
SCOPES TRIAL
In March 1925 Tennessee passed the nationrsquos first law that made it a crime to teach evolution
John Scopes arrested
Scopes was a biology teacher who
dared to teach his students that man
derived from lower species
Fundamentalism
bull Scopes Monkey Trial ndash a science teacher from Tennessee wanted to teach evolution but the school would not allow it and he sued
bull ACLU ndash American Civil Liberties Union backed the teacher
bull William Jennings Bryan represented the creationist
bull Clarence Darrow represented the evolutionist
Scopes Trial
bull Fundamentalists believed the Bible was literally true and without error
bull They rejected Darwinrsquos theory of evolution
bull Evolution ndash human beings had developed from lower forms of life over the course of millions of year
bull The creationists won the trial but because of the trial the Fundamentalists fell out of favor
Scopes was found guilty and fined $100
Scopes Monkey Trial
Prohibition18th Amendment Volstead Act
Gangsters
Al Capone
Prohibition
bull The 18th amendment ndash banned the production and sale of alcohol
bull The Volstead Act ndash enforcing Prohibition became the responsibility of the US Treasury Department
bull Granted federal and state governments the power to enforce Prohibition
PROHIBITION
18th Amendment in 1920
illegal to make sell or transport liquor
Prohibition lasted from 1920
to 1933 when it was repealed
by the 21st Amendment
bull PROHIBITION - on manuf and sale of alcohol
bull adopted in 1919 - 18th AMENDMENT
bull an outgrowth of the longtime temperance movement
bull in WWI temperance became a patriotic mvmt - drunkenness caused low productivity amp inefficiency and alcohol needed to treat the wounded
bull a difficult law to enforce organized crime speakeasies bootleggers were on the rise
bull Al Capone virtually controlled Chicago in this period -capitalism at its zenithhellip
bull Prohibition finally ended in 1933 w the 21st Amendment
bull forced organized crime to pursue other interestshellip
Prohibitionbull Speakeasies ndash secret bars where you could buy
alcohol
bull Crime was glamorized and became big business Some gangsters had enough money to corrupt local politicians (organized crime)
bull Al Capone ndash one of the most successful and violent gangsters of the time
bull Bonnie and Clyde Baby Faced Nelson John Dillinger all famous during this time period
bull The Twenty-first Amendment ended Prohibition
The Speakeasy
Al Capone
Bootlegged whiskey from Canada
ran a network of 10000 speakeasies
made $60 million in bootlegging
He killed off the competition (literally)
Rise of organized crime and the Mob
bullProhibition caused a RISE in crime and lawlessness not a decrease
bull21st Amendment repeals Prohibition
Why Prohibition Failed
1Unpopular
2Led to organized crime
3Death due to poor quality alcohol
4Under funded and hard to enforce
1500 agents were responsible for enforcing
Al Capone
THE TWENTIES WOMAN
After World War I Americans were looking for a little fun in the 1920s
Chicago
1926
Why were women able to become more independent after WWI
bull 1920s also brought about great changes for women
bull 1920 - 19th Amendment gave them the federal vote
bull after 1920 social circumstances changed too as more women worked outside the home
bull and more women went to college and clamoured to join the professions
bull women didnt want to sacrifice wartime gains -amounted to a social revolt
bull characterized by the FLAPPER new womanndash (bobbed hair short dresses
smoked in public)
19th Amendment (1920)
NEW ROLES FOR WOMEN
bull More women workingndash Usually single or widowed womenndash Many women entered the workplace as nurses
teachers librarians amp secretariesndash Income to spend
bull Technology made life easierndash Stoves refrigerators vacuum cleanershellip
bull Margaret Sangerndash Birth control movementndash Family size decreases
Traditional Role of Women
bull Flappers A young woman with short skirts and rouged cheeks who had her hair cropped close in a style known as a bob
bull Women gained the right to vote with passage of the nineteenth amendment
THE FLAPPER
A Flapper was a young woman who embraced the new fashions and urban attitudes
Wanted independence
Rebelled against traditional roles
The 20rsquos is The Jazz AgeThe Flappers
make up
cigarettes
short skirts
MusiciansLouis Armstrong
Duke Ellington
WritersF Scott Fitzgerald
Ernest Hemingway
Culture of the Roaring 20rsquosRadio
KDKA Pittsburgh
GE Westinghouseamp RCA
form NBC
Silent Movies
Charlie Chaplin
ldquoTalkiesrdquoThe Jazz SingerStarring Al Jolson
Mary PickfordldquoAmericarsquos Sweetheartrdquo
Cultural Innovations
bull Talking picture ndash The Jazz Singer ndash was produced and the golden age of Hollywood began
bull Mass media ndash radio movies newspapers and magazines aimed at a broad audience ndash did more than just entertain
bull They helped to broaden peoplersquos interests and fostered a sense of shared national experience
ENTERTAINMENT AND ARTS
First sound movies Jazz Singer (1927)
First animated with sound Steamboat Willie (1928)
By 1930 millions ofAmericans went to the movies each week
Walt Disneys animated Steamboat
Willie marked the debut of Mickey
Mouse It was a seven minute long
black and white cartoon
African American Culture
bull The Great Migration ndash hundreds of thousands of African Americans move from the rural South to industrial cities in the North
bull Harlem Renaissance ndash African Americans created an environment that stimulated artistic development racial pride and a sense of community
bull Langston Hughes (writer) Louis Armstrong (trumpet player) Duke Ellington (bandleader)
Harlem Renaissance
In the 1920s it was home to a literary and artistic revival known as the Harlem Renaissance
WHAT MADE THE HARLEM RENAISSANCE POSSIBLE
Between 1910 and 1920 the Great Migration saw hundreds of thousands of African Americans move north to big cities
Migration of the Negro by
Jacob Lawrence
Harlem Renaissancebull Writers
ndash Langston Hughes (Poet)ndash Zora Neale Hurston (Writer)
bull Famous Jazz Musiciansndash ldquoDukerdquo Ellington ndash Louis Armstrong ndash Bessie Smith
bull Cotton Club famous Jazz Club in Harlemndash Blacks usually denied admission
Black Nationalism
bull Pan-Africanism aimed to unite people of African descent worldwide
bull Marcus Garvey
Universal Negro Improvement Associationndash Aims African-American
economic independence amp a Black homeland in Africa
bull Marcus Garvey (Jamaican born immigrant) established the Universal Negro Improvement Association
bull believed in Black pride
bull advocated racial segregation bc of Black superiority
bull Garvey believed Blacks should return to Africa
bull he purchased a ship to start the Black Star line
bull attracted many investments govt charged him with wfraud
bull he was found guilty and eventually deported to Jamaica but his organization continued to exist
CelebritiesBabe Ruth ampTy Cobb
Jack Dempsey
Charles Lindbergh
The Spirit of St Louis
Notables
bull Charles Lindbergh ndash first to fly across the Atlantic
bull Babe Ruth ndash may be the best known baseball player
bull Henry Ford ndash the assembly line his most important invention also developed the Model T ford
bull Welfare capitalism ndash Companies allowed workers to buy stock participate in profit sharing and receive benefits such as medical care and pensions
Notables
bull Open shop ndash a workplace where employees were not required to join a union
bull In 1920 Westinghouse Company broadcast one of the first public broadcast in history
bull 1926 National Broadcasting Company (NBC) established a permanent network of stations to distribute daily programs
bull 1928 Columbia Broadcasting System (CBS) assembled a coast-to-coast network of stations
Slides
bull Some of the slides used came from a internet site Please be aware that I am using them for educational purposes and they may not be usable due to copyright laws
Scopes ldquoMonkeyrdquo TrialEvolution vs Creationism
Dayton TennesseeFamous Lawyers
Science vs Religion
John Scopes
High School Biology teacher
SCOPES TRIAL
In March 1925 Tennessee passed the nationrsquos first law that made it a crime to teach evolution
John Scopes arrested
Scopes was a biology teacher who
dared to teach his students that man
derived from lower species
Fundamentalism
bull Scopes Monkey Trial ndash a science teacher from Tennessee wanted to teach evolution but the school would not allow it and he sued
bull ACLU ndash American Civil Liberties Union backed the teacher
bull William Jennings Bryan represented the creationist
bull Clarence Darrow represented the evolutionist
Scopes Trial
bull Fundamentalists believed the Bible was literally true and without error
bull They rejected Darwinrsquos theory of evolution
bull Evolution ndash human beings had developed from lower forms of life over the course of millions of year
bull The creationists won the trial but because of the trial the Fundamentalists fell out of favor
Scopes was found guilty and fined $100
Scopes Monkey Trial
Prohibition18th Amendment Volstead Act
Gangsters
Al Capone
Prohibition
bull The 18th amendment ndash banned the production and sale of alcohol
bull The Volstead Act ndash enforcing Prohibition became the responsibility of the US Treasury Department
bull Granted federal and state governments the power to enforce Prohibition
PROHIBITION
18th Amendment in 1920
illegal to make sell or transport liquor
Prohibition lasted from 1920
to 1933 when it was repealed
by the 21st Amendment
bull PROHIBITION - on manuf and sale of alcohol
bull adopted in 1919 - 18th AMENDMENT
bull an outgrowth of the longtime temperance movement
bull in WWI temperance became a patriotic mvmt - drunkenness caused low productivity amp inefficiency and alcohol needed to treat the wounded
bull a difficult law to enforce organized crime speakeasies bootleggers were on the rise
bull Al Capone virtually controlled Chicago in this period -capitalism at its zenithhellip
bull Prohibition finally ended in 1933 w the 21st Amendment
bull forced organized crime to pursue other interestshellip
Prohibitionbull Speakeasies ndash secret bars where you could buy
alcohol
bull Crime was glamorized and became big business Some gangsters had enough money to corrupt local politicians (organized crime)
bull Al Capone ndash one of the most successful and violent gangsters of the time
bull Bonnie and Clyde Baby Faced Nelson John Dillinger all famous during this time period
bull The Twenty-first Amendment ended Prohibition
The Speakeasy
Al Capone
Bootlegged whiskey from Canada
ran a network of 10000 speakeasies
made $60 million in bootlegging
He killed off the competition (literally)
Rise of organized crime and the Mob
bullProhibition caused a RISE in crime and lawlessness not a decrease
bull21st Amendment repeals Prohibition
Why Prohibition Failed
1Unpopular
2Led to organized crime
3Death due to poor quality alcohol
4Under funded and hard to enforce
1500 agents were responsible for enforcing
Al Capone
THE TWENTIES WOMAN
After World War I Americans were looking for a little fun in the 1920s
Chicago
1926
Why were women able to become more independent after WWI
bull 1920s also brought about great changes for women
bull 1920 - 19th Amendment gave them the federal vote
bull after 1920 social circumstances changed too as more women worked outside the home
bull and more women went to college and clamoured to join the professions
bull women didnt want to sacrifice wartime gains -amounted to a social revolt
bull characterized by the FLAPPER new womanndash (bobbed hair short dresses
smoked in public)
19th Amendment (1920)
NEW ROLES FOR WOMEN
bull More women workingndash Usually single or widowed womenndash Many women entered the workplace as nurses
teachers librarians amp secretariesndash Income to spend
bull Technology made life easierndash Stoves refrigerators vacuum cleanershellip
bull Margaret Sangerndash Birth control movementndash Family size decreases
Traditional Role of Women
bull Flappers A young woman with short skirts and rouged cheeks who had her hair cropped close in a style known as a bob
bull Women gained the right to vote with passage of the nineteenth amendment
THE FLAPPER
A Flapper was a young woman who embraced the new fashions and urban attitudes
Wanted independence
Rebelled against traditional roles
The 20rsquos is The Jazz AgeThe Flappers
make up
cigarettes
short skirts
MusiciansLouis Armstrong
Duke Ellington
WritersF Scott Fitzgerald
Ernest Hemingway
Culture of the Roaring 20rsquosRadio
KDKA Pittsburgh
GE Westinghouseamp RCA
form NBC
Silent Movies
Charlie Chaplin
ldquoTalkiesrdquoThe Jazz SingerStarring Al Jolson
Mary PickfordldquoAmericarsquos Sweetheartrdquo
Cultural Innovations
bull Talking picture ndash The Jazz Singer ndash was produced and the golden age of Hollywood began
bull Mass media ndash radio movies newspapers and magazines aimed at a broad audience ndash did more than just entertain
bull They helped to broaden peoplersquos interests and fostered a sense of shared national experience
ENTERTAINMENT AND ARTS
First sound movies Jazz Singer (1927)
First animated with sound Steamboat Willie (1928)
By 1930 millions ofAmericans went to the movies each week
Walt Disneys animated Steamboat
Willie marked the debut of Mickey
Mouse It was a seven minute long
black and white cartoon
African American Culture
bull The Great Migration ndash hundreds of thousands of African Americans move from the rural South to industrial cities in the North
bull Harlem Renaissance ndash African Americans created an environment that stimulated artistic development racial pride and a sense of community
bull Langston Hughes (writer) Louis Armstrong (trumpet player) Duke Ellington (bandleader)
Harlem Renaissance
In the 1920s it was home to a literary and artistic revival known as the Harlem Renaissance
WHAT MADE THE HARLEM RENAISSANCE POSSIBLE
Between 1910 and 1920 the Great Migration saw hundreds of thousands of African Americans move north to big cities
Migration of the Negro by
Jacob Lawrence
Harlem Renaissancebull Writers
ndash Langston Hughes (Poet)ndash Zora Neale Hurston (Writer)
bull Famous Jazz Musiciansndash ldquoDukerdquo Ellington ndash Louis Armstrong ndash Bessie Smith
bull Cotton Club famous Jazz Club in Harlemndash Blacks usually denied admission
Black Nationalism
bull Pan-Africanism aimed to unite people of African descent worldwide
bull Marcus Garvey
Universal Negro Improvement Associationndash Aims African-American
economic independence amp a Black homeland in Africa
bull Marcus Garvey (Jamaican born immigrant) established the Universal Negro Improvement Association
bull believed in Black pride
bull advocated racial segregation bc of Black superiority
bull Garvey believed Blacks should return to Africa
bull he purchased a ship to start the Black Star line
bull attracted many investments govt charged him with wfraud
bull he was found guilty and eventually deported to Jamaica but his organization continued to exist
CelebritiesBabe Ruth ampTy Cobb
Jack Dempsey
Charles Lindbergh
The Spirit of St Louis
Notables
bull Charles Lindbergh ndash first to fly across the Atlantic
bull Babe Ruth ndash may be the best known baseball player
bull Henry Ford ndash the assembly line his most important invention also developed the Model T ford
bull Welfare capitalism ndash Companies allowed workers to buy stock participate in profit sharing and receive benefits such as medical care and pensions
Notables
bull Open shop ndash a workplace where employees were not required to join a union
bull In 1920 Westinghouse Company broadcast one of the first public broadcast in history
bull 1926 National Broadcasting Company (NBC) established a permanent network of stations to distribute daily programs
bull 1928 Columbia Broadcasting System (CBS) assembled a coast-to-coast network of stations
Slides
bull Some of the slides used came from a internet site Please be aware that I am using them for educational purposes and they may not be usable due to copyright laws
SCOPES TRIAL
In March 1925 Tennessee passed the nationrsquos first law that made it a crime to teach evolution
John Scopes arrested
Scopes was a biology teacher who
dared to teach his students that man
derived from lower species
Fundamentalism
bull Scopes Monkey Trial ndash a science teacher from Tennessee wanted to teach evolution but the school would not allow it and he sued
bull ACLU ndash American Civil Liberties Union backed the teacher
bull William Jennings Bryan represented the creationist
bull Clarence Darrow represented the evolutionist
Scopes Trial
bull Fundamentalists believed the Bible was literally true and without error
bull They rejected Darwinrsquos theory of evolution
bull Evolution ndash human beings had developed from lower forms of life over the course of millions of year
bull The creationists won the trial but because of the trial the Fundamentalists fell out of favor
Scopes was found guilty and fined $100
Scopes Monkey Trial
Prohibition18th Amendment Volstead Act
Gangsters
Al Capone
Prohibition
bull The 18th amendment ndash banned the production and sale of alcohol
bull The Volstead Act ndash enforcing Prohibition became the responsibility of the US Treasury Department
bull Granted federal and state governments the power to enforce Prohibition
PROHIBITION
18th Amendment in 1920
illegal to make sell or transport liquor
Prohibition lasted from 1920
to 1933 when it was repealed
by the 21st Amendment
bull PROHIBITION - on manuf and sale of alcohol
bull adopted in 1919 - 18th AMENDMENT
bull an outgrowth of the longtime temperance movement
bull in WWI temperance became a patriotic mvmt - drunkenness caused low productivity amp inefficiency and alcohol needed to treat the wounded
bull a difficult law to enforce organized crime speakeasies bootleggers were on the rise
bull Al Capone virtually controlled Chicago in this period -capitalism at its zenithhellip
bull Prohibition finally ended in 1933 w the 21st Amendment
bull forced organized crime to pursue other interestshellip
Prohibitionbull Speakeasies ndash secret bars where you could buy
alcohol
bull Crime was glamorized and became big business Some gangsters had enough money to corrupt local politicians (organized crime)
bull Al Capone ndash one of the most successful and violent gangsters of the time
bull Bonnie and Clyde Baby Faced Nelson John Dillinger all famous during this time period
bull The Twenty-first Amendment ended Prohibition
The Speakeasy
Al Capone
Bootlegged whiskey from Canada
ran a network of 10000 speakeasies
made $60 million in bootlegging
He killed off the competition (literally)
Rise of organized crime and the Mob
bullProhibition caused a RISE in crime and lawlessness not a decrease
bull21st Amendment repeals Prohibition
Why Prohibition Failed
1Unpopular
2Led to organized crime
3Death due to poor quality alcohol
4Under funded and hard to enforce
1500 agents were responsible for enforcing
Al Capone
THE TWENTIES WOMAN
After World War I Americans were looking for a little fun in the 1920s
Chicago
1926
Why were women able to become more independent after WWI
bull 1920s also brought about great changes for women
bull 1920 - 19th Amendment gave them the federal vote
bull after 1920 social circumstances changed too as more women worked outside the home
bull and more women went to college and clamoured to join the professions
bull women didnt want to sacrifice wartime gains -amounted to a social revolt
bull characterized by the FLAPPER new womanndash (bobbed hair short dresses
smoked in public)
19th Amendment (1920)
NEW ROLES FOR WOMEN
bull More women workingndash Usually single or widowed womenndash Many women entered the workplace as nurses
teachers librarians amp secretariesndash Income to spend
bull Technology made life easierndash Stoves refrigerators vacuum cleanershellip
bull Margaret Sangerndash Birth control movementndash Family size decreases
Traditional Role of Women
bull Flappers A young woman with short skirts and rouged cheeks who had her hair cropped close in a style known as a bob
bull Women gained the right to vote with passage of the nineteenth amendment
THE FLAPPER
A Flapper was a young woman who embraced the new fashions and urban attitudes
Wanted independence
Rebelled against traditional roles
The 20rsquos is The Jazz AgeThe Flappers
make up
cigarettes
short skirts
MusiciansLouis Armstrong
Duke Ellington
WritersF Scott Fitzgerald
Ernest Hemingway
Culture of the Roaring 20rsquosRadio
KDKA Pittsburgh
GE Westinghouseamp RCA
form NBC
Silent Movies
Charlie Chaplin
ldquoTalkiesrdquoThe Jazz SingerStarring Al Jolson
Mary PickfordldquoAmericarsquos Sweetheartrdquo
Cultural Innovations
bull Talking picture ndash The Jazz Singer ndash was produced and the golden age of Hollywood began
bull Mass media ndash radio movies newspapers and magazines aimed at a broad audience ndash did more than just entertain
bull They helped to broaden peoplersquos interests and fostered a sense of shared national experience
ENTERTAINMENT AND ARTS
First sound movies Jazz Singer (1927)
First animated with sound Steamboat Willie (1928)
By 1930 millions ofAmericans went to the movies each week
Walt Disneys animated Steamboat
Willie marked the debut of Mickey
Mouse It was a seven minute long
black and white cartoon
African American Culture
bull The Great Migration ndash hundreds of thousands of African Americans move from the rural South to industrial cities in the North
bull Harlem Renaissance ndash African Americans created an environment that stimulated artistic development racial pride and a sense of community
bull Langston Hughes (writer) Louis Armstrong (trumpet player) Duke Ellington (bandleader)
Harlem Renaissance
In the 1920s it was home to a literary and artistic revival known as the Harlem Renaissance
WHAT MADE THE HARLEM RENAISSANCE POSSIBLE
Between 1910 and 1920 the Great Migration saw hundreds of thousands of African Americans move north to big cities
Migration of the Negro by
Jacob Lawrence
Harlem Renaissancebull Writers
ndash Langston Hughes (Poet)ndash Zora Neale Hurston (Writer)
bull Famous Jazz Musiciansndash ldquoDukerdquo Ellington ndash Louis Armstrong ndash Bessie Smith
bull Cotton Club famous Jazz Club in Harlemndash Blacks usually denied admission
Black Nationalism
bull Pan-Africanism aimed to unite people of African descent worldwide
bull Marcus Garvey
Universal Negro Improvement Associationndash Aims African-American
economic independence amp a Black homeland in Africa
bull Marcus Garvey (Jamaican born immigrant) established the Universal Negro Improvement Association
bull believed in Black pride
bull advocated racial segregation bc of Black superiority
bull Garvey believed Blacks should return to Africa
bull he purchased a ship to start the Black Star line
bull attracted many investments govt charged him with wfraud
bull he was found guilty and eventually deported to Jamaica but his organization continued to exist
CelebritiesBabe Ruth ampTy Cobb
Jack Dempsey
Charles Lindbergh
The Spirit of St Louis
Notables
bull Charles Lindbergh ndash first to fly across the Atlantic
bull Babe Ruth ndash may be the best known baseball player
bull Henry Ford ndash the assembly line his most important invention also developed the Model T ford
bull Welfare capitalism ndash Companies allowed workers to buy stock participate in profit sharing and receive benefits such as medical care and pensions
Notables
bull Open shop ndash a workplace where employees were not required to join a union
bull In 1920 Westinghouse Company broadcast one of the first public broadcast in history
bull 1926 National Broadcasting Company (NBC) established a permanent network of stations to distribute daily programs
bull 1928 Columbia Broadcasting System (CBS) assembled a coast-to-coast network of stations
Slides
bull Some of the slides used came from a internet site Please be aware that I am using them for educational purposes and they may not be usable due to copyright laws
Fundamentalism
bull Scopes Monkey Trial ndash a science teacher from Tennessee wanted to teach evolution but the school would not allow it and he sued
bull ACLU ndash American Civil Liberties Union backed the teacher
bull William Jennings Bryan represented the creationist
bull Clarence Darrow represented the evolutionist
Scopes Trial
bull Fundamentalists believed the Bible was literally true and without error
bull They rejected Darwinrsquos theory of evolution
bull Evolution ndash human beings had developed from lower forms of life over the course of millions of year
bull The creationists won the trial but because of the trial the Fundamentalists fell out of favor
Scopes was found guilty and fined $100
Scopes Monkey Trial
Prohibition18th Amendment Volstead Act
Gangsters
Al Capone
Prohibition
bull The 18th amendment ndash banned the production and sale of alcohol
bull The Volstead Act ndash enforcing Prohibition became the responsibility of the US Treasury Department
bull Granted federal and state governments the power to enforce Prohibition
PROHIBITION
18th Amendment in 1920
illegal to make sell or transport liquor
Prohibition lasted from 1920
to 1933 when it was repealed
by the 21st Amendment
bull PROHIBITION - on manuf and sale of alcohol
bull adopted in 1919 - 18th AMENDMENT
bull an outgrowth of the longtime temperance movement
bull in WWI temperance became a patriotic mvmt - drunkenness caused low productivity amp inefficiency and alcohol needed to treat the wounded
bull a difficult law to enforce organized crime speakeasies bootleggers were on the rise
bull Al Capone virtually controlled Chicago in this period -capitalism at its zenithhellip
bull Prohibition finally ended in 1933 w the 21st Amendment
bull forced organized crime to pursue other interestshellip
Prohibitionbull Speakeasies ndash secret bars where you could buy
alcohol
bull Crime was glamorized and became big business Some gangsters had enough money to corrupt local politicians (organized crime)
bull Al Capone ndash one of the most successful and violent gangsters of the time
bull Bonnie and Clyde Baby Faced Nelson John Dillinger all famous during this time period
bull The Twenty-first Amendment ended Prohibition
The Speakeasy
Al Capone
Bootlegged whiskey from Canada
ran a network of 10000 speakeasies
made $60 million in bootlegging
He killed off the competition (literally)
Rise of organized crime and the Mob
bullProhibition caused a RISE in crime and lawlessness not a decrease
bull21st Amendment repeals Prohibition
Why Prohibition Failed
1Unpopular
2Led to organized crime
3Death due to poor quality alcohol
4Under funded and hard to enforce
1500 agents were responsible for enforcing
Al Capone
THE TWENTIES WOMAN
After World War I Americans were looking for a little fun in the 1920s
Chicago
1926
Why were women able to become more independent after WWI
bull 1920s also brought about great changes for women
bull 1920 - 19th Amendment gave them the federal vote
bull after 1920 social circumstances changed too as more women worked outside the home
bull and more women went to college and clamoured to join the professions
bull women didnt want to sacrifice wartime gains -amounted to a social revolt
bull characterized by the FLAPPER new womanndash (bobbed hair short dresses
smoked in public)
19th Amendment (1920)
NEW ROLES FOR WOMEN
bull More women workingndash Usually single or widowed womenndash Many women entered the workplace as nurses
teachers librarians amp secretariesndash Income to spend
bull Technology made life easierndash Stoves refrigerators vacuum cleanershellip
bull Margaret Sangerndash Birth control movementndash Family size decreases
Traditional Role of Women
bull Flappers A young woman with short skirts and rouged cheeks who had her hair cropped close in a style known as a bob
bull Women gained the right to vote with passage of the nineteenth amendment
THE FLAPPER
A Flapper was a young woman who embraced the new fashions and urban attitudes
Wanted independence
Rebelled against traditional roles
The 20rsquos is The Jazz AgeThe Flappers
make up
cigarettes
short skirts
MusiciansLouis Armstrong
Duke Ellington
WritersF Scott Fitzgerald
Ernest Hemingway
Culture of the Roaring 20rsquosRadio
KDKA Pittsburgh
GE Westinghouseamp RCA
form NBC
Silent Movies
Charlie Chaplin
ldquoTalkiesrdquoThe Jazz SingerStarring Al Jolson
Mary PickfordldquoAmericarsquos Sweetheartrdquo
Cultural Innovations
bull Talking picture ndash The Jazz Singer ndash was produced and the golden age of Hollywood began
bull Mass media ndash radio movies newspapers and magazines aimed at a broad audience ndash did more than just entertain
bull They helped to broaden peoplersquos interests and fostered a sense of shared national experience
ENTERTAINMENT AND ARTS
First sound movies Jazz Singer (1927)
First animated with sound Steamboat Willie (1928)
By 1930 millions ofAmericans went to the movies each week
Walt Disneys animated Steamboat
Willie marked the debut of Mickey
Mouse It was a seven minute long
black and white cartoon
African American Culture
bull The Great Migration ndash hundreds of thousands of African Americans move from the rural South to industrial cities in the North
bull Harlem Renaissance ndash African Americans created an environment that stimulated artistic development racial pride and a sense of community
bull Langston Hughes (writer) Louis Armstrong (trumpet player) Duke Ellington (bandleader)
Harlem Renaissance
In the 1920s it was home to a literary and artistic revival known as the Harlem Renaissance
WHAT MADE THE HARLEM RENAISSANCE POSSIBLE
Between 1910 and 1920 the Great Migration saw hundreds of thousands of African Americans move north to big cities
Migration of the Negro by
Jacob Lawrence
Harlem Renaissancebull Writers
ndash Langston Hughes (Poet)ndash Zora Neale Hurston (Writer)
bull Famous Jazz Musiciansndash ldquoDukerdquo Ellington ndash Louis Armstrong ndash Bessie Smith
bull Cotton Club famous Jazz Club in Harlemndash Blacks usually denied admission
Black Nationalism
bull Pan-Africanism aimed to unite people of African descent worldwide
bull Marcus Garvey
Universal Negro Improvement Associationndash Aims African-American
economic independence amp a Black homeland in Africa
bull Marcus Garvey (Jamaican born immigrant) established the Universal Negro Improvement Association
bull believed in Black pride
bull advocated racial segregation bc of Black superiority
bull Garvey believed Blacks should return to Africa
bull he purchased a ship to start the Black Star line
bull attracted many investments govt charged him with wfraud
bull he was found guilty and eventually deported to Jamaica but his organization continued to exist
CelebritiesBabe Ruth ampTy Cobb
Jack Dempsey
Charles Lindbergh
The Spirit of St Louis
Notables
bull Charles Lindbergh ndash first to fly across the Atlantic
bull Babe Ruth ndash may be the best known baseball player
bull Henry Ford ndash the assembly line his most important invention also developed the Model T ford
bull Welfare capitalism ndash Companies allowed workers to buy stock participate in profit sharing and receive benefits such as medical care and pensions
Notables
bull Open shop ndash a workplace where employees were not required to join a union
bull In 1920 Westinghouse Company broadcast one of the first public broadcast in history
bull 1926 National Broadcasting Company (NBC) established a permanent network of stations to distribute daily programs
bull 1928 Columbia Broadcasting System (CBS) assembled a coast-to-coast network of stations
Slides
bull Some of the slides used came from a internet site Please be aware that I am using them for educational purposes and they may not be usable due to copyright laws
Scopes Trial
bull Fundamentalists believed the Bible was literally true and without error
bull They rejected Darwinrsquos theory of evolution
bull Evolution ndash human beings had developed from lower forms of life over the course of millions of year
bull The creationists won the trial but because of the trial the Fundamentalists fell out of favor
Scopes was found guilty and fined $100
Scopes Monkey Trial
Prohibition18th Amendment Volstead Act
Gangsters
Al Capone
Prohibition
bull The 18th amendment ndash banned the production and sale of alcohol
bull The Volstead Act ndash enforcing Prohibition became the responsibility of the US Treasury Department
bull Granted federal and state governments the power to enforce Prohibition
PROHIBITION
18th Amendment in 1920
illegal to make sell or transport liquor
Prohibition lasted from 1920
to 1933 when it was repealed
by the 21st Amendment
bull PROHIBITION - on manuf and sale of alcohol
bull adopted in 1919 - 18th AMENDMENT
bull an outgrowth of the longtime temperance movement
bull in WWI temperance became a patriotic mvmt - drunkenness caused low productivity amp inefficiency and alcohol needed to treat the wounded
bull a difficult law to enforce organized crime speakeasies bootleggers were on the rise
bull Al Capone virtually controlled Chicago in this period -capitalism at its zenithhellip
bull Prohibition finally ended in 1933 w the 21st Amendment
bull forced organized crime to pursue other interestshellip
Prohibitionbull Speakeasies ndash secret bars where you could buy
alcohol
bull Crime was glamorized and became big business Some gangsters had enough money to corrupt local politicians (organized crime)
bull Al Capone ndash one of the most successful and violent gangsters of the time
bull Bonnie and Clyde Baby Faced Nelson John Dillinger all famous during this time period
bull The Twenty-first Amendment ended Prohibition
The Speakeasy
Al Capone
Bootlegged whiskey from Canada
ran a network of 10000 speakeasies
made $60 million in bootlegging
He killed off the competition (literally)
Rise of organized crime and the Mob
bullProhibition caused a RISE in crime and lawlessness not a decrease
bull21st Amendment repeals Prohibition
Why Prohibition Failed
1Unpopular
2Led to organized crime
3Death due to poor quality alcohol
4Under funded and hard to enforce
1500 agents were responsible for enforcing
Al Capone
THE TWENTIES WOMAN
After World War I Americans were looking for a little fun in the 1920s
Chicago
1926
Why were women able to become more independent after WWI
bull 1920s also brought about great changes for women
bull 1920 - 19th Amendment gave them the federal vote
bull after 1920 social circumstances changed too as more women worked outside the home
bull and more women went to college and clamoured to join the professions
bull women didnt want to sacrifice wartime gains -amounted to a social revolt
bull characterized by the FLAPPER new womanndash (bobbed hair short dresses
smoked in public)
19th Amendment (1920)
NEW ROLES FOR WOMEN
bull More women workingndash Usually single or widowed womenndash Many women entered the workplace as nurses
teachers librarians amp secretariesndash Income to spend
bull Technology made life easierndash Stoves refrigerators vacuum cleanershellip
bull Margaret Sangerndash Birth control movementndash Family size decreases
Traditional Role of Women
bull Flappers A young woman with short skirts and rouged cheeks who had her hair cropped close in a style known as a bob
bull Women gained the right to vote with passage of the nineteenth amendment
THE FLAPPER
A Flapper was a young woman who embraced the new fashions and urban attitudes
Wanted independence
Rebelled against traditional roles
The 20rsquos is The Jazz AgeThe Flappers
make up
cigarettes
short skirts
MusiciansLouis Armstrong
Duke Ellington
WritersF Scott Fitzgerald
Ernest Hemingway
Culture of the Roaring 20rsquosRadio
KDKA Pittsburgh
GE Westinghouseamp RCA
form NBC
Silent Movies
Charlie Chaplin
ldquoTalkiesrdquoThe Jazz SingerStarring Al Jolson
Mary PickfordldquoAmericarsquos Sweetheartrdquo
Cultural Innovations
bull Talking picture ndash The Jazz Singer ndash was produced and the golden age of Hollywood began
bull Mass media ndash radio movies newspapers and magazines aimed at a broad audience ndash did more than just entertain
bull They helped to broaden peoplersquos interests and fostered a sense of shared national experience
ENTERTAINMENT AND ARTS
First sound movies Jazz Singer (1927)
First animated with sound Steamboat Willie (1928)
By 1930 millions ofAmericans went to the movies each week
Walt Disneys animated Steamboat
Willie marked the debut of Mickey
Mouse It was a seven minute long
black and white cartoon
African American Culture
bull The Great Migration ndash hundreds of thousands of African Americans move from the rural South to industrial cities in the North
bull Harlem Renaissance ndash African Americans created an environment that stimulated artistic development racial pride and a sense of community
bull Langston Hughes (writer) Louis Armstrong (trumpet player) Duke Ellington (bandleader)
Harlem Renaissance
In the 1920s it was home to a literary and artistic revival known as the Harlem Renaissance
WHAT MADE THE HARLEM RENAISSANCE POSSIBLE
Between 1910 and 1920 the Great Migration saw hundreds of thousands of African Americans move north to big cities
Migration of the Negro by
Jacob Lawrence
Harlem Renaissancebull Writers
ndash Langston Hughes (Poet)ndash Zora Neale Hurston (Writer)
bull Famous Jazz Musiciansndash ldquoDukerdquo Ellington ndash Louis Armstrong ndash Bessie Smith
bull Cotton Club famous Jazz Club in Harlemndash Blacks usually denied admission
Black Nationalism
bull Pan-Africanism aimed to unite people of African descent worldwide
bull Marcus Garvey
Universal Negro Improvement Associationndash Aims African-American
economic independence amp a Black homeland in Africa
bull Marcus Garvey (Jamaican born immigrant) established the Universal Negro Improvement Association
bull believed in Black pride
bull advocated racial segregation bc of Black superiority
bull Garvey believed Blacks should return to Africa
bull he purchased a ship to start the Black Star line
bull attracted many investments govt charged him with wfraud
bull he was found guilty and eventually deported to Jamaica but his organization continued to exist
CelebritiesBabe Ruth ampTy Cobb
Jack Dempsey
Charles Lindbergh
The Spirit of St Louis
Notables
bull Charles Lindbergh ndash first to fly across the Atlantic
bull Babe Ruth ndash may be the best known baseball player
bull Henry Ford ndash the assembly line his most important invention also developed the Model T ford
bull Welfare capitalism ndash Companies allowed workers to buy stock participate in profit sharing and receive benefits such as medical care and pensions
Notables
bull Open shop ndash a workplace where employees were not required to join a union
bull In 1920 Westinghouse Company broadcast one of the first public broadcast in history
bull 1926 National Broadcasting Company (NBC) established a permanent network of stations to distribute daily programs
bull 1928 Columbia Broadcasting System (CBS) assembled a coast-to-coast network of stations
Slides
bull Some of the slides used came from a internet site Please be aware that I am using them for educational purposes and they may not be usable due to copyright laws
Scopes was found guilty and fined $100
Scopes Monkey Trial
Prohibition18th Amendment Volstead Act
Gangsters
Al Capone
Prohibition
bull The 18th amendment ndash banned the production and sale of alcohol
bull The Volstead Act ndash enforcing Prohibition became the responsibility of the US Treasury Department
bull Granted federal and state governments the power to enforce Prohibition
PROHIBITION
18th Amendment in 1920
illegal to make sell or transport liquor
Prohibition lasted from 1920
to 1933 when it was repealed
by the 21st Amendment
bull PROHIBITION - on manuf and sale of alcohol
bull adopted in 1919 - 18th AMENDMENT
bull an outgrowth of the longtime temperance movement
bull in WWI temperance became a patriotic mvmt - drunkenness caused low productivity amp inefficiency and alcohol needed to treat the wounded
bull a difficult law to enforce organized crime speakeasies bootleggers were on the rise
bull Al Capone virtually controlled Chicago in this period -capitalism at its zenithhellip
bull Prohibition finally ended in 1933 w the 21st Amendment
bull forced organized crime to pursue other interestshellip
Prohibitionbull Speakeasies ndash secret bars where you could buy
alcohol
bull Crime was glamorized and became big business Some gangsters had enough money to corrupt local politicians (organized crime)
bull Al Capone ndash one of the most successful and violent gangsters of the time
bull Bonnie and Clyde Baby Faced Nelson John Dillinger all famous during this time period
bull The Twenty-first Amendment ended Prohibition
The Speakeasy
Al Capone
Bootlegged whiskey from Canada
ran a network of 10000 speakeasies
made $60 million in bootlegging
He killed off the competition (literally)
Rise of organized crime and the Mob
bullProhibition caused a RISE in crime and lawlessness not a decrease
bull21st Amendment repeals Prohibition
Why Prohibition Failed
1Unpopular
2Led to organized crime
3Death due to poor quality alcohol
4Under funded and hard to enforce
1500 agents were responsible for enforcing
Al Capone
THE TWENTIES WOMAN
After World War I Americans were looking for a little fun in the 1920s
Chicago
1926
Why were women able to become more independent after WWI
bull 1920s also brought about great changes for women
bull 1920 - 19th Amendment gave them the federal vote
bull after 1920 social circumstances changed too as more women worked outside the home
bull and more women went to college and clamoured to join the professions
bull women didnt want to sacrifice wartime gains -amounted to a social revolt
bull characterized by the FLAPPER new womanndash (bobbed hair short dresses
smoked in public)
19th Amendment (1920)
NEW ROLES FOR WOMEN
bull More women workingndash Usually single or widowed womenndash Many women entered the workplace as nurses
teachers librarians amp secretariesndash Income to spend
bull Technology made life easierndash Stoves refrigerators vacuum cleanershellip
bull Margaret Sangerndash Birth control movementndash Family size decreases
Traditional Role of Women
bull Flappers A young woman with short skirts and rouged cheeks who had her hair cropped close in a style known as a bob
bull Women gained the right to vote with passage of the nineteenth amendment
THE FLAPPER
A Flapper was a young woman who embraced the new fashions and urban attitudes
Wanted independence
Rebelled against traditional roles
The 20rsquos is The Jazz AgeThe Flappers
make up
cigarettes
short skirts
MusiciansLouis Armstrong
Duke Ellington
WritersF Scott Fitzgerald
Ernest Hemingway
Culture of the Roaring 20rsquosRadio
KDKA Pittsburgh
GE Westinghouseamp RCA
form NBC
Silent Movies
Charlie Chaplin
ldquoTalkiesrdquoThe Jazz SingerStarring Al Jolson
Mary PickfordldquoAmericarsquos Sweetheartrdquo
Cultural Innovations
bull Talking picture ndash The Jazz Singer ndash was produced and the golden age of Hollywood began
bull Mass media ndash radio movies newspapers and magazines aimed at a broad audience ndash did more than just entertain
bull They helped to broaden peoplersquos interests and fostered a sense of shared national experience
ENTERTAINMENT AND ARTS
First sound movies Jazz Singer (1927)
First animated with sound Steamboat Willie (1928)
By 1930 millions ofAmericans went to the movies each week
Walt Disneys animated Steamboat
Willie marked the debut of Mickey
Mouse It was a seven minute long
black and white cartoon
African American Culture
bull The Great Migration ndash hundreds of thousands of African Americans move from the rural South to industrial cities in the North
bull Harlem Renaissance ndash African Americans created an environment that stimulated artistic development racial pride and a sense of community
bull Langston Hughes (writer) Louis Armstrong (trumpet player) Duke Ellington (bandleader)
Harlem Renaissance
In the 1920s it was home to a literary and artistic revival known as the Harlem Renaissance
WHAT MADE THE HARLEM RENAISSANCE POSSIBLE
Between 1910 and 1920 the Great Migration saw hundreds of thousands of African Americans move north to big cities
Migration of the Negro by
Jacob Lawrence
Harlem Renaissancebull Writers
ndash Langston Hughes (Poet)ndash Zora Neale Hurston (Writer)
bull Famous Jazz Musiciansndash ldquoDukerdquo Ellington ndash Louis Armstrong ndash Bessie Smith
bull Cotton Club famous Jazz Club in Harlemndash Blacks usually denied admission
Black Nationalism
bull Pan-Africanism aimed to unite people of African descent worldwide
bull Marcus Garvey
Universal Negro Improvement Associationndash Aims African-American
economic independence amp a Black homeland in Africa
bull Marcus Garvey (Jamaican born immigrant) established the Universal Negro Improvement Association
bull believed in Black pride
bull advocated racial segregation bc of Black superiority
bull Garvey believed Blacks should return to Africa
bull he purchased a ship to start the Black Star line
bull attracted many investments govt charged him with wfraud
bull he was found guilty and eventually deported to Jamaica but his organization continued to exist
CelebritiesBabe Ruth ampTy Cobb
Jack Dempsey
Charles Lindbergh
The Spirit of St Louis
Notables
bull Charles Lindbergh ndash first to fly across the Atlantic
bull Babe Ruth ndash may be the best known baseball player
bull Henry Ford ndash the assembly line his most important invention also developed the Model T ford
bull Welfare capitalism ndash Companies allowed workers to buy stock participate in profit sharing and receive benefits such as medical care and pensions
Notables
bull Open shop ndash a workplace where employees were not required to join a union
bull In 1920 Westinghouse Company broadcast one of the first public broadcast in history
bull 1926 National Broadcasting Company (NBC) established a permanent network of stations to distribute daily programs
bull 1928 Columbia Broadcasting System (CBS) assembled a coast-to-coast network of stations
Slides
bull Some of the slides used came from a internet site Please be aware that I am using them for educational purposes and they may not be usable due to copyright laws
Scopes Monkey Trial
Prohibition18th Amendment Volstead Act
Gangsters
Al Capone
Prohibition
bull The 18th amendment ndash banned the production and sale of alcohol
bull The Volstead Act ndash enforcing Prohibition became the responsibility of the US Treasury Department
bull Granted federal and state governments the power to enforce Prohibition
PROHIBITION
18th Amendment in 1920
illegal to make sell or transport liquor
Prohibition lasted from 1920
to 1933 when it was repealed
by the 21st Amendment
bull PROHIBITION - on manuf and sale of alcohol
bull adopted in 1919 - 18th AMENDMENT
bull an outgrowth of the longtime temperance movement
bull in WWI temperance became a patriotic mvmt - drunkenness caused low productivity amp inefficiency and alcohol needed to treat the wounded
bull a difficult law to enforce organized crime speakeasies bootleggers were on the rise
bull Al Capone virtually controlled Chicago in this period -capitalism at its zenithhellip
bull Prohibition finally ended in 1933 w the 21st Amendment
bull forced organized crime to pursue other interestshellip
Prohibitionbull Speakeasies ndash secret bars where you could buy
alcohol
bull Crime was glamorized and became big business Some gangsters had enough money to corrupt local politicians (organized crime)
bull Al Capone ndash one of the most successful and violent gangsters of the time
bull Bonnie and Clyde Baby Faced Nelson John Dillinger all famous during this time period
bull The Twenty-first Amendment ended Prohibition
The Speakeasy
Al Capone
Bootlegged whiskey from Canada
ran a network of 10000 speakeasies
made $60 million in bootlegging
He killed off the competition (literally)
Rise of organized crime and the Mob
bullProhibition caused a RISE in crime and lawlessness not a decrease
bull21st Amendment repeals Prohibition
Why Prohibition Failed
1Unpopular
2Led to organized crime
3Death due to poor quality alcohol
4Under funded and hard to enforce
1500 agents were responsible for enforcing
Al Capone
THE TWENTIES WOMAN
After World War I Americans were looking for a little fun in the 1920s
Chicago
1926
Why were women able to become more independent after WWI
bull 1920s also brought about great changes for women
bull 1920 - 19th Amendment gave them the federal vote
bull after 1920 social circumstances changed too as more women worked outside the home
bull and more women went to college and clamoured to join the professions
bull women didnt want to sacrifice wartime gains -amounted to a social revolt
bull characterized by the FLAPPER new womanndash (bobbed hair short dresses
smoked in public)
19th Amendment (1920)
NEW ROLES FOR WOMEN
bull More women workingndash Usually single or widowed womenndash Many women entered the workplace as nurses
teachers librarians amp secretariesndash Income to spend
bull Technology made life easierndash Stoves refrigerators vacuum cleanershellip
bull Margaret Sangerndash Birth control movementndash Family size decreases
Traditional Role of Women
bull Flappers A young woman with short skirts and rouged cheeks who had her hair cropped close in a style known as a bob
bull Women gained the right to vote with passage of the nineteenth amendment
THE FLAPPER
A Flapper was a young woman who embraced the new fashions and urban attitudes
Wanted independence
Rebelled against traditional roles
The 20rsquos is The Jazz AgeThe Flappers
make up
cigarettes
short skirts
MusiciansLouis Armstrong
Duke Ellington
WritersF Scott Fitzgerald
Ernest Hemingway
Culture of the Roaring 20rsquosRadio
KDKA Pittsburgh
GE Westinghouseamp RCA
form NBC
Silent Movies
Charlie Chaplin
ldquoTalkiesrdquoThe Jazz SingerStarring Al Jolson
Mary PickfordldquoAmericarsquos Sweetheartrdquo
Cultural Innovations
bull Talking picture ndash The Jazz Singer ndash was produced and the golden age of Hollywood began
bull Mass media ndash radio movies newspapers and magazines aimed at a broad audience ndash did more than just entertain
bull They helped to broaden peoplersquos interests and fostered a sense of shared national experience
ENTERTAINMENT AND ARTS
First sound movies Jazz Singer (1927)
First animated with sound Steamboat Willie (1928)
By 1930 millions ofAmericans went to the movies each week
Walt Disneys animated Steamboat
Willie marked the debut of Mickey
Mouse It was a seven minute long
black and white cartoon
African American Culture
bull The Great Migration ndash hundreds of thousands of African Americans move from the rural South to industrial cities in the North
bull Harlem Renaissance ndash African Americans created an environment that stimulated artistic development racial pride and a sense of community
bull Langston Hughes (writer) Louis Armstrong (trumpet player) Duke Ellington (bandleader)
Harlem Renaissance
In the 1920s it was home to a literary and artistic revival known as the Harlem Renaissance
WHAT MADE THE HARLEM RENAISSANCE POSSIBLE
Between 1910 and 1920 the Great Migration saw hundreds of thousands of African Americans move north to big cities
Migration of the Negro by
Jacob Lawrence
Harlem Renaissancebull Writers
ndash Langston Hughes (Poet)ndash Zora Neale Hurston (Writer)
bull Famous Jazz Musiciansndash ldquoDukerdquo Ellington ndash Louis Armstrong ndash Bessie Smith
bull Cotton Club famous Jazz Club in Harlemndash Blacks usually denied admission
Black Nationalism
bull Pan-Africanism aimed to unite people of African descent worldwide
bull Marcus Garvey
Universal Negro Improvement Associationndash Aims African-American
economic independence amp a Black homeland in Africa
bull Marcus Garvey (Jamaican born immigrant) established the Universal Negro Improvement Association
bull believed in Black pride
bull advocated racial segregation bc of Black superiority
bull Garvey believed Blacks should return to Africa
bull he purchased a ship to start the Black Star line
bull attracted many investments govt charged him with wfraud
bull he was found guilty and eventually deported to Jamaica but his organization continued to exist
CelebritiesBabe Ruth ampTy Cobb
Jack Dempsey
Charles Lindbergh
The Spirit of St Louis
Notables
bull Charles Lindbergh ndash first to fly across the Atlantic
bull Babe Ruth ndash may be the best known baseball player
bull Henry Ford ndash the assembly line his most important invention also developed the Model T ford
bull Welfare capitalism ndash Companies allowed workers to buy stock participate in profit sharing and receive benefits such as medical care and pensions
Notables
bull Open shop ndash a workplace where employees were not required to join a union
bull In 1920 Westinghouse Company broadcast one of the first public broadcast in history
bull 1926 National Broadcasting Company (NBC) established a permanent network of stations to distribute daily programs
bull 1928 Columbia Broadcasting System (CBS) assembled a coast-to-coast network of stations
Slides
bull Some of the slides used came from a internet site Please be aware that I am using them for educational purposes and they may not be usable due to copyright laws
Prohibition18th Amendment Volstead Act
Gangsters
Al Capone
Prohibition
bull The 18th amendment ndash banned the production and sale of alcohol
bull The Volstead Act ndash enforcing Prohibition became the responsibility of the US Treasury Department
bull Granted federal and state governments the power to enforce Prohibition
PROHIBITION
18th Amendment in 1920
illegal to make sell or transport liquor
Prohibition lasted from 1920
to 1933 when it was repealed
by the 21st Amendment
bull PROHIBITION - on manuf and sale of alcohol
bull adopted in 1919 - 18th AMENDMENT
bull an outgrowth of the longtime temperance movement
bull in WWI temperance became a patriotic mvmt - drunkenness caused low productivity amp inefficiency and alcohol needed to treat the wounded
bull a difficult law to enforce organized crime speakeasies bootleggers were on the rise
bull Al Capone virtually controlled Chicago in this period -capitalism at its zenithhellip
bull Prohibition finally ended in 1933 w the 21st Amendment
bull forced organized crime to pursue other interestshellip
Prohibitionbull Speakeasies ndash secret bars where you could buy
alcohol
bull Crime was glamorized and became big business Some gangsters had enough money to corrupt local politicians (organized crime)
bull Al Capone ndash one of the most successful and violent gangsters of the time
bull Bonnie and Clyde Baby Faced Nelson John Dillinger all famous during this time period
bull The Twenty-first Amendment ended Prohibition
The Speakeasy
Al Capone
Bootlegged whiskey from Canada
ran a network of 10000 speakeasies
made $60 million in bootlegging
He killed off the competition (literally)
Rise of organized crime and the Mob
bullProhibition caused a RISE in crime and lawlessness not a decrease
bull21st Amendment repeals Prohibition
Why Prohibition Failed
1Unpopular
2Led to organized crime
3Death due to poor quality alcohol
4Under funded and hard to enforce
1500 agents were responsible for enforcing
Al Capone
THE TWENTIES WOMAN
After World War I Americans were looking for a little fun in the 1920s
Chicago
1926
Why were women able to become more independent after WWI
bull 1920s also brought about great changes for women
bull 1920 - 19th Amendment gave them the federal vote
bull after 1920 social circumstances changed too as more women worked outside the home
bull and more women went to college and clamoured to join the professions
bull women didnt want to sacrifice wartime gains -amounted to a social revolt
bull characterized by the FLAPPER new womanndash (bobbed hair short dresses
smoked in public)
19th Amendment (1920)
NEW ROLES FOR WOMEN
bull More women workingndash Usually single or widowed womenndash Many women entered the workplace as nurses
teachers librarians amp secretariesndash Income to spend
bull Technology made life easierndash Stoves refrigerators vacuum cleanershellip
bull Margaret Sangerndash Birth control movementndash Family size decreases
Traditional Role of Women
bull Flappers A young woman with short skirts and rouged cheeks who had her hair cropped close in a style known as a bob
bull Women gained the right to vote with passage of the nineteenth amendment
THE FLAPPER
A Flapper was a young woman who embraced the new fashions and urban attitudes
Wanted independence
Rebelled against traditional roles
The 20rsquos is The Jazz AgeThe Flappers
make up
cigarettes
short skirts
MusiciansLouis Armstrong
Duke Ellington
WritersF Scott Fitzgerald
Ernest Hemingway
Culture of the Roaring 20rsquosRadio
KDKA Pittsburgh
GE Westinghouseamp RCA
form NBC
Silent Movies
Charlie Chaplin
ldquoTalkiesrdquoThe Jazz SingerStarring Al Jolson
Mary PickfordldquoAmericarsquos Sweetheartrdquo
Cultural Innovations
bull Talking picture ndash The Jazz Singer ndash was produced and the golden age of Hollywood began
bull Mass media ndash radio movies newspapers and magazines aimed at a broad audience ndash did more than just entertain
bull They helped to broaden peoplersquos interests and fostered a sense of shared national experience
ENTERTAINMENT AND ARTS
First sound movies Jazz Singer (1927)
First animated with sound Steamboat Willie (1928)
By 1930 millions ofAmericans went to the movies each week
Walt Disneys animated Steamboat
Willie marked the debut of Mickey
Mouse It was a seven minute long
black and white cartoon
African American Culture
bull The Great Migration ndash hundreds of thousands of African Americans move from the rural South to industrial cities in the North
bull Harlem Renaissance ndash African Americans created an environment that stimulated artistic development racial pride and a sense of community
bull Langston Hughes (writer) Louis Armstrong (trumpet player) Duke Ellington (bandleader)
Harlem Renaissance
In the 1920s it was home to a literary and artistic revival known as the Harlem Renaissance
WHAT MADE THE HARLEM RENAISSANCE POSSIBLE
Between 1910 and 1920 the Great Migration saw hundreds of thousands of African Americans move north to big cities
Migration of the Negro by
Jacob Lawrence
Harlem Renaissancebull Writers
ndash Langston Hughes (Poet)ndash Zora Neale Hurston (Writer)
bull Famous Jazz Musiciansndash ldquoDukerdquo Ellington ndash Louis Armstrong ndash Bessie Smith
bull Cotton Club famous Jazz Club in Harlemndash Blacks usually denied admission
Black Nationalism
bull Pan-Africanism aimed to unite people of African descent worldwide
bull Marcus Garvey
Universal Negro Improvement Associationndash Aims African-American
economic independence amp a Black homeland in Africa
bull Marcus Garvey (Jamaican born immigrant) established the Universal Negro Improvement Association
bull believed in Black pride
bull advocated racial segregation bc of Black superiority
bull Garvey believed Blacks should return to Africa
bull he purchased a ship to start the Black Star line
bull attracted many investments govt charged him with wfraud
bull he was found guilty and eventually deported to Jamaica but his organization continued to exist
CelebritiesBabe Ruth ampTy Cobb
Jack Dempsey
Charles Lindbergh
The Spirit of St Louis
Notables
bull Charles Lindbergh ndash first to fly across the Atlantic
bull Babe Ruth ndash may be the best known baseball player
bull Henry Ford ndash the assembly line his most important invention also developed the Model T ford
bull Welfare capitalism ndash Companies allowed workers to buy stock participate in profit sharing and receive benefits such as medical care and pensions
Notables
bull Open shop ndash a workplace where employees were not required to join a union
bull In 1920 Westinghouse Company broadcast one of the first public broadcast in history
bull 1926 National Broadcasting Company (NBC) established a permanent network of stations to distribute daily programs
bull 1928 Columbia Broadcasting System (CBS) assembled a coast-to-coast network of stations
Slides
bull Some of the slides used came from a internet site Please be aware that I am using them for educational purposes and they may not be usable due to copyright laws
Prohibition
bull The 18th amendment ndash banned the production and sale of alcohol
bull The Volstead Act ndash enforcing Prohibition became the responsibility of the US Treasury Department
bull Granted federal and state governments the power to enforce Prohibition
PROHIBITION
18th Amendment in 1920
illegal to make sell or transport liquor
Prohibition lasted from 1920
to 1933 when it was repealed
by the 21st Amendment
bull PROHIBITION - on manuf and sale of alcohol
bull adopted in 1919 - 18th AMENDMENT
bull an outgrowth of the longtime temperance movement
bull in WWI temperance became a patriotic mvmt - drunkenness caused low productivity amp inefficiency and alcohol needed to treat the wounded
bull a difficult law to enforce organized crime speakeasies bootleggers were on the rise
bull Al Capone virtually controlled Chicago in this period -capitalism at its zenithhellip
bull Prohibition finally ended in 1933 w the 21st Amendment
bull forced organized crime to pursue other interestshellip
Prohibitionbull Speakeasies ndash secret bars where you could buy
alcohol
bull Crime was glamorized and became big business Some gangsters had enough money to corrupt local politicians (organized crime)
bull Al Capone ndash one of the most successful and violent gangsters of the time
bull Bonnie and Clyde Baby Faced Nelson John Dillinger all famous during this time period
bull The Twenty-first Amendment ended Prohibition
The Speakeasy
Al Capone
Bootlegged whiskey from Canada
ran a network of 10000 speakeasies
made $60 million in bootlegging
He killed off the competition (literally)
Rise of organized crime and the Mob
bullProhibition caused a RISE in crime and lawlessness not a decrease
bull21st Amendment repeals Prohibition
Why Prohibition Failed
1Unpopular
2Led to organized crime
3Death due to poor quality alcohol
4Under funded and hard to enforce
1500 agents were responsible for enforcing
Al Capone
THE TWENTIES WOMAN
After World War I Americans were looking for a little fun in the 1920s
Chicago
1926
Why were women able to become more independent after WWI
bull 1920s also brought about great changes for women
bull 1920 - 19th Amendment gave them the federal vote
bull after 1920 social circumstances changed too as more women worked outside the home
bull and more women went to college and clamoured to join the professions
bull women didnt want to sacrifice wartime gains -amounted to a social revolt
bull characterized by the FLAPPER new womanndash (bobbed hair short dresses
smoked in public)
19th Amendment (1920)
NEW ROLES FOR WOMEN
bull More women workingndash Usually single or widowed womenndash Many women entered the workplace as nurses
teachers librarians amp secretariesndash Income to spend
bull Technology made life easierndash Stoves refrigerators vacuum cleanershellip
bull Margaret Sangerndash Birth control movementndash Family size decreases
Traditional Role of Women
bull Flappers A young woman with short skirts and rouged cheeks who had her hair cropped close in a style known as a bob
bull Women gained the right to vote with passage of the nineteenth amendment
THE FLAPPER
A Flapper was a young woman who embraced the new fashions and urban attitudes
Wanted independence
Rebelled against traditional roles
The 20rsquos is The Jazz AgeThe Flappers
make up
cigarettes
short skirts
MusiciansLouis Armstrong
Duke Ellington
WritersF Scott Fitzgerald
Ernest Hemingway
Culture of the Roaring 20rsquosRadio
KDKA Pittsburgh
GE Westinghouseamp RCA
form NBC
Silent Movies
Charlie Chaplin
ldquoTalkiesrdquoThe Jazz SingerStarring Al Jolson
Mary PickfordldquoAmericarsquos Sweetheartrdquo
Cultural Innovations
bull Talking picture ndash The Jazz Singer ndash was produced and the golden age of Hollywood began
bull Mass media ndash radio movies newspapers and magazines aimed at a broad audience ndash did more than just entertain
bull They helped to broaden peoplersquos interests and fostered a sense of shared national experience
ENTERTAINMENT AND ARTS
First sound movies Jazz Singer (1927)
First animated with sound Steamboat Willie (1928)
By 1930 millions ofAmericans went to the movies each week
Walt Disneys animated Steamboat
Willie marked the debut of Mickey
Mouse It was a seven minute long
black and white cartoon
African American Culture
bull The Great Migration ndash hundreds of thousands of African Americans move from the rural South to industrial cities in the North
bull Harlem Renaissance ndash African Americans created an environment that stimulated artistic development racial pride and a sense of community
bull Langston Hughes (writer) Louis Armstrong (trumpet player) Duke Ellington (bandleader)
Harlem Renaissance
In the 1920s it was home to a literary and artistic revival known as the Harlem Renaissance
WHAT MADE THE HARLEM RENAISSANCE POSSIBLE
Between 1910 and 1920 the Great Migration saw hundreds of thousands of African Americans move north to big cities
Migration of the Negro by
Jacob Lawrence
Harlem Renaissancebull Writers
ndash Langston Hughes (Poet)ndash Zora Neale Hurston (Writer)
bull Famous Jazz Musiciansndash ldquoDukerdquo Ellington ndash Louis Armstrong ndash Bessie Smith
bull Cotton Club famous Jazz Club in Harlemndash Blacks usually denied admission
Black Nationalism
bull Pan-Africanism aimed to unite people of African descent worldwide
bull Marcus Garvey
Universal Negro Improvement Associationndash Aims African-American
economic independence amp a Black homeland in Africa
bull Marcus Garvey (Jamaican born immigrant) established the Universal Negro Improvement Association
bull believed in Black pride
bull advocated racial segregation bc of Black superiority
bull Garvey believed Blacks should return to Africa
bull he purchased a ship to start the Black Star line
bull attracted many investments govt charged him with wfraud
bull he was found guilty and eventually deported to Jamaica but his organization continued to exist
CelebritiesBabe Ruth ampTy Cobb
Jack Dempsey
Charles Lindbergh
The Spirit of St Louis
Notables
bull Charles Lindbergh ndash first to fly across the Atlantic
bull Babe Ruth ndash may be the best known baseball player
bull Henry Ford ndash the assembly line his most important invention also developed the Model T ford
bull Welfare capitalism ndash Companies allowed workers to buy stock participate in profit sharing and receive benefits such as medical care and pensions
Notables
bull Open shop ndash a workplace where employees were not required to join a union
bull In 1920 Westinghouse Company broadcast one of the first public broadcast in history
bull 1926 National Broadcasting Company (NBC) established a permanent network of stations to distribute daily programs
bull 1928 Columbia Broadcasting System (CBS) assembled a coast-to-coast network of stations
Slides
bull Some of the slides used came from a internet site Please be aware that I am using them for educational purposes and they may not be usable due to copyright laws
PROHIBITION
18th Amendment in 1920
illegal to make sell or transport liquor
Prohibition lasted from 1920
to 1933 when it was repealed
by the 21st Amendment
bull PROHIBITION - on manuf and sale of alcohol
bull adopted in 1919 - 18th AMENDMENT
bull an outgrowth of the longtime temperance movement
bull in WWI temperance became a patriotic mvmt - drunkenness caused low productivity amp inefficiency and alcohol needed to treat the wounded
bull a difficult law to enforce organized crime speakeasies bootleggers were on the rise
bull Al Capone virtually controlled Chicago in this period -capitalism at its zenithhellip
bull Prohibition finally ended in 1933 w the 21st Amendment
bull forced organized crime to pursue other interestshellip
Prohibitionbull Speakeasies ndash secret bars where you could buy
alcohol
bull Crime was glamorized and became big business Some gangsters had enough money to corrupt local politicians (organized crime)
bull Al Capone ndash one of the most successful and violent gangsters of the time
bull Bonnie and Clyde Baby Faced Nelson John Dillinger all famous during this time period
bull The Twenty-first Amendment ended Prohibition
The Speakeasy
Al Capone
Bootlegged whiskey from Canada
ran a network of 10000 speakeasies
made $60 million in bootlegging
He killed off the competition (literally)
Rise of organized crime and the Mob
bullProhibition caused a RISE in crime and lawlessness not a decrease
bull21st Amendment repeals Prohibition
Why Prohibition Failed
1Unpopular
2Led to organized crime
3Death due to poor quality alcohol
4Under funded and hard to enforce
1500 agents were responsible for enforcing
Al Capone
THE TWENTIES WOMAN
After World War I Americans were looking for a little fun in the 1920s
Chicago
1926
Why were women able to become more independent after WWI
bull 1920s also brought about great changes for women
bull 1920 - 19th Amendment gave them the federal vote
bull after 1920 social circumstances changed too as more women worked outside the home
bull and more women went to college and clamoured to join the professions
bull women didnt want to sacrifice wartime gains -amounted to a social revolt
bull characterized by the FLAPPER new womanndash (bobbed hair short dresses
smoked in public)
19th Amendment (1920)
NEW ROLES FOR WOMEN
bull More women workingndash Usually single or widowed womenndash Many women entered the workplace as nurses
teachers librarians amp secretariesndash Income to spend
bull Technology made life easierndash Stoves refrigerators vacuum cleanershellip
bull Margaret Sangerndash Birth control movementndash Family size decreases
Traditional Role of Women
bull Flappers A young woman with short skirts and rouged cheeks who had her hair cropped close in a style known as a bob
bull Women gained the right to vote with passage of the nineteenth amendment
THE FLAPPER
A Flapper was a young woman who embraced the new fashions and urban attitudes
Wanted independence
Rebelled against traditional roles
The 20rsquos is The Jazz AgeThe Flappers
make up
cigarettes
short skirts
MusiciansLouis Armstrong
Duke Ellington
WritersF Scott Fitzgerald
Ernest Hemingway
Culture of the Roaring 20rsquosRadio
KDKA Pittsburgh
GE Westinghouseamp RCA
form NBC
Silent Movies
Charlie Chaplin
ldquoTalkiesrdquoThe Jazz SingerStarring Al Jolson
Mary PickfordldquoAmericarsquos Sweetheartrdquo
Cultural Innovations
bull Talking picture ndash The Jazz Singer ndash was produced and the golden age of Hollywood began
bull Mass media ndash radio movies newspapers and magazines aimed at a broad audience ndash did more than just entertain
bull They helped to broaden peoplersquos interests and fostered a sense of shared national experience
ENTERTAINMENT AND ARTS
First sound movies Jazz Singer (1927)
First animated with sound Steamboat Willie (1928)
By 1930 millions ofAmericans went to the movies each week
Walt Disneys animated Steamboat
Willie marked the debut of Mickey
Mouse It was a seven minute long
black and white cartoon
African American Culture
bull The Great Migration ndash hundreds of thousands of African Americans move from the rural South to industrial cities in the North
bull Harlem Renaissance ndash African Americans created an environment that stimulated artistic development racial pride and a sense of community
bull Langston Hughes (writer) Louis Armstrong (trumpet player) Duke Ellington (bandleader)
Harlem Renaissance
In the 1920s it was home to a literary and artistic revival known as the Harlem Renaissance
WHAT MADE THE HARLEM RENAISSANCE POSSIBLE
Between 1910 and 1920 the Great Migration saw hundreds of thousands of African Americans move north to big cities
Migration of the Negro by
Jacob Lawrence
Harlem Renaissancebull Writers
ndash Langston Hughes (Poet)ndash Zora Neale Hurston (Writer)
bull Famous Jazz Musiciansndash ldquoDukerdquo Ellington ndash Louis Armstrong ndash Bessie Smith
bull Cotton Club famous Jazz Club in Harlemndash Blacks usually denied admission
Black Nationalism
bull Pan-Africanism aimed to unite people of African descent worldwide
bull Marcus Garvey
Universal Negro Improvement Associationndash Aims African-American
economic independence amp a Black homeland in Africa
bull Marcus Garvey (Jamaican born immigrant) established the Universal Negro Improvement Association
bull believed in Black pride
bull advocated racial segregation bc of Black superiority
bull Garvey believed Blacks should return to Africa
bull he purchased a ship to start the Black Star line
bull attracted many investments govt charged him with wfraud
bull he was found guilty and eventually deported to Jamaica but his organization continued to exist
CelebritiesBabe Ruth ampTy Cobb
Jack Dempsey
Charles Lindbergh
The Spirit of St Louis
Notables
bull Charles Lindbergh ndash first to fly across the Atlantic
bull Babe Ruth ndash may be the best known baseball player
bull Henry Ford ndash the assembly line his most important invention also developed the Model T ford
bull Welfare capitalism ndash Companies allowed workers to buy stock participate in profit sharing and receive benefits such as medical care and pensions
Notables
bull Open shop ndash a workplace where employees were not required to join a union
bull In 1920 Westinghouse Company broadcast one of the first public broadcast in history
bull 1926 National Broadcasting Company (NBC) established a permanent network of stations to distribute daily programs
bull 1928 Columbia Broadcasting System (CBS) assembled a coast-to-coast network of stations
Slides
bull Some of the slides used came from a internet site Please be aware that I am using them for educational purposes and they may not be usable due to copyright laws
bull PROHIBITION - on manuf and sale of alcohol
bull adopted in 1919 - 18th AMENDMENT
bull an outgrowth of the longtime temperance movement
bull in WWI temperance became a patriotic mvmt - drunkenness caused low productivity amp inefficiency and alcohol needed to treat the wounded
bull a difficult law to enforce organized crime speakeasies bootleggers were on the rise
bull Al Capone virtually controlled Chicago in this period -capitalism at its zenithhellip
bull Prohibition finally ended in 1933 w the 21st Amendment
bull forced organized crime to pursue other interestshellip
Prohibitionbull Speakeasies ndash secret bars where you could buy
alcohol
bull Crime was glamorized and became big business Some gangsters had enough money to corrupt local politicians (organized crime)
bull Al Capone ndash one of the most successful and violent gangsters of the time
bull Bonnie and Clyde Baby Faced Nelson John Dillinger all famous during this time period
bull The Twenty-first Amendment ended Prohibition
The Speakeasy
Al Capone
Bootlegged whiskey from Canada
ran a network of 10000 speakeasies
made $60 million in bootlegging
He killed off the competition (literally)
Rise of organized crime and the Mob
bullProhibition caused a RISE in crime and lawlessness not a decrease
bull21st Amendment repeals Prohibition
Why Prohibition Failed
1Unpopular
2Led to organized crime
3Death due to poor quality alcohol
4Under funded and hard to enforce
1500 agents were responsible for enforcing
Al Capone
THE TWENTIES WOMAN
After World War I Americans were looking for a little fun in the 1920s
Chicago
1926
Why were women able to become more independent after WWI
bull 1920s also brought about great changes for women
bull 1920 - 19th Amendment gave them the federal vote
bull after 1920 social circumstances changed too as more women worked outside the home
bull and more women went to college and clamoured to join the professions
bull women didnt want to sacrifice wartime gains -amounted to a social revolt
bull characterized by the FLAPPER new womanndash (bobbed hair short dresses
smoked in public)
19th Amendment (1920)
NEW ROLES FOR WOMEN
bull More women workingndash Usually single or widowed womenndash Many women entered the workplace as nurses
teachers librarians amp secretariesndash Income to spend
bull Technology made life easierndash Stoves refrigerators vacuum cleanershellip
bull Margaret Sangerndash Birth control movementndash Family size decreases
Traditional Role of Women
bull Flappers A young woman with short skirts and rouged cheeks who had her hair cropped close in a style known as a bob
bull Women gained the right to vote with passage of the nineteenth amendment
THE FLAPPER
A Flapper was a young woman who embraced the new fashions and urban attitudes
Wanted independence
Rebelled against traditional roles
The 20rsquos is The Jazz AgeThe Flappers
make up
cigarettes
short skirts
MusiciansLouis Armstrong
Duke Ellington
WritersF Scott Fitzgerald
Ernest Hemingway
Culture of the Roaring 20rsquosRadio
KDKA Pittsburgh
GE Westinghouseamp RCA
form NBC
Silent Movies
Charlie Chaplin
ldquoTalkiesrdquoThe Jazz SingerStarring Al Jolson
Mary PickfordldquoAmericarsquos Sweetheartrdquo
Cultural Innovations
bull Talking picture ndash The Jazz Singer ndash was produced and the golden age of Hollywood began
bull Mass media ndash radio movies newspapers and magazines aimed at a broad audience ndash did more than just entertain
bull They helped to broaden peoplersquos interests and fostered a sense of shared national experience
ENTERTAINMENT AND ARTS
First sound movies Jazz Singer (1927)
First animated with sound Steamboat Willie (1928)
By 1930 millions ofAmericans went to the movies each week
Walt Disneys animated Steamboat
Willie marked the debut of Mickey
Mouse It was a seven minute long
black and white cartoon
African American Culture
bull The Great Migration ndash hundreds of thousands of African Americans move from the rural South to industrial cities in the North
bull Harlem Renaissance ndash African Americans created an environment that stimulated artistic development racial pride and a sense of community
bull Langston Hughes (writer) Louis Armstrong (trumpet player) Duke Ellington (bandleader)
Harlem Renaissance
In the 1920s it was home to a literary and artistic revival known as the Harlem Renaissance
WHAT MADE THE HARLEM RENAISSANCE POSSIBLE
Between 1910 and 1920 the Great Migration saw hundreds of thousands of African Americans move north to big cities
Migration of the Negro by
Jacob Lawrence
Harlem Renaissancebull Writers
ndash Langston Hughes (Poet)ndash Zora Neale Hurston (Writer)
bull Famous Jazz Musiciansndash ldquoDukerdquo Ellington ndash Louis Armstrong ndash Bessie Smith
bull Cotton Club famous Jazz Club in Harlemndash Blacks usually denied admission
Black Nationalism
bull Pan-Africanism aimed to unite people of African descent worldwide
bull Marcus Garvey
Universal Negro Improvement Associationndash Aims African-American
economic independence amp a Black homeland in Africa
bull Marcus Garvey (Jamaican born immigrant) established the Universal Negro Improvement Association
bull believed in Black pride
bull advocated racial segregation bc of Black superiority
bull Garvey believed Blacks should return to Africa
bull he purchased a ship to start the Black Star line
bull attracted many investments govt charged him with wfraud
bull he was found guilty and eventually deported to Jamaica but his organization continued to exist
CelebritiesBabe Ruth ampTy Cobb
Jack Dempsey
Charles Lindbergh
The Spirit of St Louis
Notables
bull Charles Lindbergh ndash first to fly across the Atlantic
bull Babe Ruth ndash may be the best known baseball player
bull Henry Ford ndash the assembly line his most important invention also developed the Model T ford
bull Welfare capitalism ndash Companies allowed workers to buy stock participate in profit sharing and receive benefits such as medical care and pensions
Notables
bull Open shop ndash a workplace where employees were not required to join a union
bull In 1920 Westinghouse Company broadcast one of the first public broadcast in history
bull 1926 National Broadcasting Company (NBC) established a permanent network of stations to distribute daily programs
bull 1928 Columbia Broadcasting System (CBS) assembled a coast-to-coast network of stations
Slides
bull Some of the slides used came from a internet site Please be aware that I am using them for educational purposes and they may not be usable due to copyright laws
Prohibitionbull Speakeasies ndash secret bars where you could buy
alcohol
bull Crime was glamorized and became big business Some gangsters had enough money to corrupt local politicians (organized crime)
bull Al Capone ndash one of the most successful and violent gangsters of the time
bull Bonnie and Clyde Baby Faced Nelson John Dillinger all famous during this time period
bull The Twenty-first Amendment ended Prohibition
The Speakeasy
Al Capone
Bootlegged whiskey from Canada
ran a network of 10000 speakeasies
made $60 million in bootlegging
He killed off the competition (literally)
Rise of organized crime and the Mob
bullProhibition caused a RISE in crime and lawlessness not a decrease
bull21st Amendment repeals Prohibition
Why Prohibition Failed
1Unpopular
2Led to organized crime
3Death due to poor quality alcohol
4Under funded and hard to enforce
1500 agents were responsible for enforcing
Al Capone
THE TWENTIES WOMAN
After World War I Americans were looking for a little fun in the 1920s
Chicago
1926
Why were women able to become more independent after WWI
bull 1920s also brought about great changes for women
bull 1920 - 19th Amendment gave them the federal vote
bull after 1920 social circumstances changed too as more women worked outside the home
bull and more women went to college and clamoured to join the professions
bull women didnt want to sacrifice wartime gains -amounted to a social revolt
bull characterized by the FLAPPER new womanndash (bobbed hair short dresses
smoked in public)
19th Amendment (1920)
NEW ROLES FOR WOMEN
bull More women workingndash Usually single or widowed womenndash Many women entered the workplace as nurses
teachers librarians amp secretariesndash Income to spend
bull Technology made life easierndash Stoves refrigerators vacuum cleanershellip
bull Margaret Sangerndash Birth control movementndash Family size decreases
Traditional Role of Women
bull Flappers A young woman with short skirts and rouged cheeks who had her hair cropped close in a style known as a bob
bull Women gained the right to vote with passage of the nineteenth amendment
THE FLAPPER
A Flapper was a young woman who embraced the new fashions and urban attitudes
Wanted independence
Rebelled against traditional roles
The 20rsquos is The Jazz AgeThe Flappers
make up
cigarettes
short skirts
MusiciansLouis Armstrong
Duke Ellington
WritersF Scott Fitzgerald
Ernest Hemingway
Culture of the Roaring 20rsquosRadio
KDKA Pittsburgh
GE Westinghouseamp RCA
form NBC
Silent Movies
Charlie Chaplin
ldquoTalkiesrdquoThe Jazz SingerStarring Al Jolson
Mary PickfordldquoAmericarsquos Sweetheartrdquo
Cultural Innovations
bull Talking picture ndash The Jazz Singer ndash was produced and the golden age of Hollywood began
bull Mass media ndash radio movies newspapers and magazines aimed at a broad audience ndash did more than just entertain
bull They helped to broaden peoplersquos interests and fostered a sense of shared national experience
ENTERTAINMENT AND ARTS
First sound movies Jazz Singer (1927)
First animated with sound Steamboat Willie (1928)
By 1930 millions ofAmericans went to the movies each week
Walt Disneys animated Steamboat
Willie marked the debut of Mickey
Mouse It was a seven minute long
black and white cartoon
African American Culture
bull The Great Migration ndash hundreds of thousands of African Americans move from the rural South to industrial cities in the North
bull Harlem Renaissance ndash African Americans created an environment that stimulated artistic development racial pride and a sense of community
bull Langston Hughes (writer) Louis Armstrong (trumpet player) Duke Ellington (bandleader)
Harlem Renaissance
In the 1920s it was home to a literary and artistic revival known as the Harlem Renaissance
WHAT MADE THE HARLEM RENAISSANCE POSSIBLE
Between 1910 and 1920 the Great Migration saw hundreds of thousands of African Americans move north to big cities
Migration of the Negro by
Jacob Lawrence
Harlem Renaissancebull Writers
ndash Langston Hughes (Poet)ndash Zora Neale Hurston (Writer)
bull Famous Jazz Musiciansndash ldquoDukerdquo Ellington ndash Louis Armstrong ndash Bessie Smith
bull Cotton Club famous Jazz Club in Harlemndash Blacks usually denied admission
Black Nationalism
bull Pan-Africanism aimed to unite people of African descent worldwide
bull Marcus Garvey
Universal Negro Improvement Associationndash Aims African-American
economic independence amp a Black homeland in Africa
bull Marcus Garvey (Jamaican born immigrant) established the Universal Negro Improvement Association
bull believed in Black pride
bull advocated racial segregation bc of Black superiority
bull Garvey believed Blacks should return to Africa
bull he purchased a ship to start the Black Star line
bull attracted many investments govt charged him with wfraud
bull he was found guilty and eventually deported to Jamaica but his organization continued to exist
CelebritiesBabe Ruth ampTy Cobb
Jack Dempsey
Charles Lindbergh
The Spirit of St Louis
Notables
bull Charles Lindbergh ndash first to fly across the Atlantic
bull Babe Ruth ndash may be the best known baseball player
bull Henry Ford ndash the assembly line his most important invention also developed the Model T ford
bull Welfare capitalism ndash Companies allowed workers to buy stock participate in profit sharing and receive benefits such as medical care and pensions
Notables
bull Open shop ndash a workplace where employees were not required to join a union
bull In 1920 Westinghouse Company broadcast one of the first public broadcast in history
bull 1926 National Broadcasting Company (NBC) established a permanent network of stations to distribute daily programs
bull 1928 Columbia Broadcasting System (CBS) assembled a coast-to-coast network of stations
Slides
bull Some of the slides used came from a internet site Please be aware that I am using them for educational purposes and they may not be usable due to copyright laws
The Speakeasy
Al Capone
Bootlegged whiskey from Canada
ran a network of 10000 speakeasies
made $60 million in bootlegging
He killed off the competition (literally)
Rise of organized crime and the Mob
bullProhibition caused a RISE in crime and lawlessness not a decrease
bull21st Amendment repeals Prohibition
Why Prohibition Failed
1Unpopular
2Led to organized crime
3Death due to poor quality alcohol
4Under funded and hard to enforce
1500 agents were responsible for enforcing
Al Capone
THE TWENTIES WOMAN
After World War I Americans were looking for a little fun in the 1920s
Chicago
1926
Why were women able to become more independent after WWI
bull 1920s also brought about great changes for women
bull 1920 - 19th Amendment gave them the federal vote
bull after 1920 social circumstances changed too as more women worked outside the home
bull and more women went to college and clamoured to join the professions
bull women didnt want to sacrifice wartime gains -amounted to a social revolt
bull characterized by the FLAPPER new womanndash (bobbed hair short dresses
smoked in public)
19th Amendment (1920)
NEW ROLES FOR WOMEN
bull More women workingndash Usually single or widowed womenndash Many women entered the workplace as nurses
teachers librarians amp secretariesndash Income to spend
bull Technology made life easierndash Stoves refrigerators vacuum cleanershellip
bull Margaret Sangerndash Birth control movementndash Family size decreases
Traditional Role of Women
bull Flappers A young woman with short skirts and rouged cheeks who had her hair cropped close in a style known as a bob
bull Women gained the right to vote with passage of the nineteenth amendment
THE FLAPPER
A Flapper was a young woman who embraced the new fashions and urban attitudes
Wanted independence
Rebelled against traditional roles
The 20rsquos is The Jazz AgeThe Flappers
make up
cigarettes
short skirts
MusiciansLouis Armstrong
Duke Ellington
WritersF Scott Fitzgerald
Ernest Hemingway
Culture of the Roaring 20rsquosRadio
KDKA Pittsburgh
GE Westinghouseamp RCA
form NBC
Silent Movies
Charlie Chaplin
ldquoTalkiesrdquoThe Jazz SingerStarring Al Jolson
Mary PickfordldquoAmericarsquos Sweetheartrdquo
Cultural Innovations
bull Talking picture ndash The Jazz Singer ndash was produced and the golden age of Hollywood began
bull Mass media ndash radio movies newspapers and magazines aimed at a broad audience ndash did more than just entertain
bull They helped to broaden peoplersquos interests and fostered a sense of shared national experience
ENTERTAINMENT AND ARTS
First sound movies Jazz Singer (1927)
First animated with sound Steamboat Willie (1928)
By 1930 millions ofAmericans went to the movies each week
Walt Disneys animated Steamboat
Willie marked the debut of Mickey
Mouse It was a seven minute long
black and white cartoon
African American Culture
bull The Great Migration ndash hundreds of thousands of African Americans move from the rural South to industrial cities in the North
bull Harlem Renaissance ndash African Americans created an environment that stimulated artistic development racial pride and a sense of community
bull Langston Hughes (writer) Louis Armstrong (trumpet player) Duke Ellington (bandleader)
Harlem Renaissance
In the 1920s it was home to a literary and artistic revival known as the Harlem Renaissance
WHAT MADE THE HARLEM RENAISSANCE POSSIBLE
Between 1910 and 1920 the Great Migration saw hundreds of thousands of African Americans move north to big cities
Migration of the Negro by
Jacob Lawrence
Harlem Renaissancebull Writers
ndash Langston Hughes (Poet)ndash Zora Neale Hurston (Writer)
bull Famous Jazz Musiciansndash ldquoDukerdquo Ellington ndash Louis Armstrong ndash Bessie Smith
bull Cotton Club famous Jazz Club in Harlemndash Blacks usually denied admission
Black Nationalism
bull Pan-Africanism aimed to unite people of African descent worldwide
bull Marcus Garvey
Universal Negro Improvement Associationndash Aims African-American
economic independence amp a Black homeland in Africa
bull Marcus Garvey (Jamaican born immigrant) established the Universal Negro Improvement Association
bull believed in Black pride
bull advocated racial segregation bc of Black superiority
bull Garvey believed Blacks should return to Africa
bull he purchased a ship to start the Black Star line
bull attracted many investments govt charged him with wfraud
bull he was found guilty and eventually deported to Jamaica but his organization continued to exist
CelebritiesBabe Ruth ampTy Cobb
Jack Dempsey
Charles Lindbergh
The Spirit of St Louis
Notables
bull Charles Lindbergh ndash first to fly across the Atlantic
bull Babe Ruth ndash may be the best known baseball player
bull Henry Ford ndash the assembly line his most important invention also developed the Model T ford
bull Welfare capitalism ndash Companies allowed workers to buy stock participate in profit sharing and receive benefits such as medical care and pensions
Notables
bull Open shop ndash a workplace where employees were not required to join a union
bull In 1920 Westinghouse Company broadcast one of the first public broadcast in history
bull 1926 National Broadcasting Company (NBC) established a permanent network of stations to distribute daily programs
bull 1928 Columbia Broadcasting System (CBS) assembled a coast-to-coast network of stations
Slides
bull Some of the slides used came from a internet site Please be aware that I am using them for educational purposes and they may not be usable due to copyright laws
Al Capone
Bootlegged whiskey from Canada
ran a network of 10000 speakeasies
made $60 million in bootlegging
He killed off the competition (literally)
Rise of organized crime and the Mob
bullProhibition caused a RISE in crime and lawlessness not a decrease
bull21st Amendment repeals Prohibition
Why Prohibition Failed
1Unpopular
2Led to organized crime
3Death due to poor quality alcohol
4Under funded and hard to enforce
1500 agents were responsible for enforcing
Al Capone
THE TWENTIES WOMAN
After World War I Americans were looking for a little fun in the 1920s
Chicago
1926
Why were women able to become more independent after WWI
bull 1920s also brought about great changes for women
bull 1920 - 19th Amendment gave them the federal vote
bull after 1920 social circumstances changed too as more women worked outside the home
bull and more women went to college and clamoured to join the professions
bull women didnt want to sacrifice wartime gains -amounted to a social revolt
bull characterized by the FLAPPER new womanndash (bobbed hair short dresses
smoked in public)
19th Amendment (1920)
NEW ROLES FOR WOMEN
bull More women workingndash Usually single or widowed womenndash Many women entered the workplace as nurses
teachers librarians amp secretariesndash Income to spend
bull Technology made life easierndash Stoves refrigerators vacuum cleanershellip
bull Margaret Sangerndash Birth control movementndash Family size decreases
Traditional Role of Women
bull Flappers A young woman with short skirts and rouged cheeks who had her hair cropped close in a style known as a bob
bull Women gained the right to vote with passage of the nineteenth amendment
THE FLAPPER
A Flapper was a young woman who embraced the new fashions and urban attitudes
Wanted independence
Rebelled against traditional roles
The 20rsquos is The Jazz AgeThe Flappers
make up
cigarettes
short skirts
MusiciansLouis Armstrong
Duke Ellington
WritersF Scott Fitzgerald
Ernest Hemingway
Culture of the Roaring 20rsquosRadio
KDKA Pittsburgh
GE Westinghouseamp RCA
form NBC
Silent Movies
Charlie Chaplin
ldquoTalkiesrdquoThe Jazz SingerStarring Al Jolson
Mary PickfordldquoAmericarsquos Sweetheartrdquo
Cultural Innovations
bull Talking picture ndash The Jazz Singer ndash was produced and the golden age of Hollywood began
bull Mass media ndash radio movies newspapers and magazines aimed at a broad audience ndash did more than just entertain
bull They helped to broaden peoplersquos interests and fostered a sense of shared national experience
ENTERTAINMENT AND ARTS
First sound movies Jazz Singer (1927)
First animated with sound Steamboat Willie (1928)
By 1930 millions ofAmericans went to the movies each week
Walt Disneys animated Steamboat
Willie marked the debut of Mickey
Mouse It was a seven minute long
black and white cartoon
African American Culture
bull The Great Migration ndash hundreds of thousands of African Americans move from the rural South to industrial cities in the North
bull Harlem Renaissance ndash African Americans created an environment that stimulated artistic development racial pride and a sense of community
bull Langston Hughes (writer) Louis Armstrong (trumpet player) Duke Ellington (bandleader)
Harlem Renaissance
In the 1920s it was home to a literary and artistic revival known as the Harlem Renaissance
WHAT MADE THE HARLEM RENAISSANCE POSSIBLE
Between 1910 and 1920 the Great Migration saw hundreds of thousands of African Americans move north to big cities
Migration of the Negro by
Jacob Lawrence
Harlem Renaissancebull Writers
ndash Langston Hughes (Poet)ndash Zora Neale Hurston (Writer)
bull Famous Jazz Musiciansndash ldquoDukerdquo Ellington ndash Louis Armstrong ndash Bessie Smith
bull Cotton Club famous Jazz Club in Harlemndash Blacks usually denied admission
Black Nationalism
bull Pan-Africanism aimed to unite people of African descent worldwide
bull Marcus Garvey
Universal Negro Improvement Associationndash Aims African-American
economic independence amp a Black homeland in Africa
bull Marcus Garvey (Jamaican born immigrant) established the Universal Negro Improvement Association
bull believed in Black pride
bull advocated racial segregation bc of Black superiority
bull Garvey believed Blacks should return to Africa
bull he purchased a ship to start the Black Star line
bull attracted many investments govt charged him with wfraud
bull he was found guilty and eventually deported to Jamaica but his organization continued to exist
CelebritiesBabe Ruth ampTy Cobb
Jack Dempsey
Charles Lindbergh
The Spirit of St Louis
Notables
bull Charles Lindbergh ndash first to fly across the Atlantic
bull Babe Ruth ndash may be the best known baseball player
bull Henry Ford ndash the assembly line his most important invention also developed the Model T ford
bull Welfare capitalism ndash Companies allowed workers to buy stock participate in profit sharing and receive benefits such as medical care and pensions
Notables
bull Open shop ndash a workplace where employees were not required to join a union
bull In 1920 Westinghouse Company broadcast one of the first public broadcast in history
bull 1926 National Broadcasting Company (NBC) established a permanent network of stations to distribute daily programs
bull 1928 Columbia Broadcasting System (CBS) assembled a coast-to-coast network of stations
Slides
bull Some of the slides used came from a internet site Please be aware that I am using them for educational purposes and they may not be usable due to copyright laws
Why Prohibition Failed
1Unpopular
2Led to organized crime
3Death due to poor quality alcohol
4Under funded and hard to enforce
1500 agents were responsible for enforcing
Al Capone
THE TWENTIES WOMAN
After World War I Americans were looking for a little fun in the 1920s
Chicago
1926
Why were women able to become more independent after WWI
bull 1920s also brought about great changes for women
bull 1920 - 19th Amendment gave them the federal vote
bull after 1920 social circumstances changed too as more women worked outside the home
bull and more women went to college and clamoured to join the professions
bull women didnt want to sacrifice wartime gains -amounted to a social revolt
bull characterized by the FLAPPER new womanndash (bobbed hair short dresses
smoked in public)
19th Amendment (1920)
NEW ROLES FOR WOMEN
bull More women workingndash Usually single or widowed womenndash Many women entered the workplace as nurses
teachers librarians amp secretariesndash Income to spend
bull Technology made life easierndash Stoves refrigerators vacuum cleanershellip
bull Margaret Sangerndash Birth control movementndash Family size decreases
Traditional Role of Women
bull Flappers A young woman with short skirts and rouged cheeks who had her hair cropped close in a style known as a bob
bull Women gained the right to vote with passage of the nineteenth amendment
THE FLAPPER
A Flapper was a young woman who embraced the new fashions and urban attitudes
Wanted independence
Rebelled against traditional roles
The 20rsquos is The Jazz AgeThe Flappers
make up
cigarettes
short skirts
MusiciansLouis Armstrong
Duke Ellington
WritersF Scott Fitzgerald
Ernest Hemingway
Culture of the Roaring 20rsquosRadio
KDKA Pittsburgh
GE Westinghouseamp RCA
form NBC
Silent Movies
Charlie Chaplin
ldquoTalkiesrdquoThe Jazz SingerStarring Al Jolson
Mary PickfordldquoAmericarsquos Sweetheartrdquo
Cultural Innovations
bull Talking picture ndash The Jazz Singer ndash was produced and the golden age of Hollywood began
bull Mass media ndash radio movies newspapers and magazines aimed at a broad audience ndash did more than just entertain
bull They helped to broaden peoplersquos interests and fostered a sense of shared national experience
ENTERTAINMENT AND ARTS
First sound movies Jazz Singer (1927)
First animated with sound Steamboat Willie (1928)
By 1930 millions ofAmericans went to the movies each week
Walt Disneys animated Steamboat
Willie marked the debut of Mickey
Mouse It was a seven minute long
black and white cartoon
African American Culture
bull The Great Migration ndash hundreds of thousands of African Americans move from the rural South to industrial cities in the North
bull Harlem Renaissance ndash African Americans created an environment that stimulated artistic development racial pride and a sense of community
bull Langston Hughes (writer) Louis Armstrong (trumpet player) Duke Ellington (bandleader)
Harlem Renaissance
In the 1920s it was home to a literary and artistic revival known as the Harlem Renaissance
WHAT MADE THE HARLEM RENAISSANCE POSSIBLE
Between 1910 and 1920 the Great Migration saw hundreds of thousands of African Americans move north to big cities
Migration of the Negro by
Jacob Lawrence
Harlem Renaissancebull Writers
ndash Langston Hughes (Poet)ndash Zora Neale Hurston (Writer)
bull Famous Jazz Musiciansndash ldquoDukerdquo Ellington ndash Louis Armstrong ndash Bessie Smith
bull Cotton Club famous Jazz Club in Harlemndash Blacks usually denied admission
Black Nationalism
bull Pan-Africanism aimed to unite people of African descent worldwide
bull Marcus Garvey
Universal Negro Improvement Associationndash Aims African-American
economic independence amp a Black homeland in Africa
bull Marcus Garvey (Jamaican born immigrant) established the Universal Negro Improvement Association
bull believed in Black pride
bull advocated racial segregation bc of Black superiority
bull Garvey believed Blacks should return to Africa
bull he purchased a ship to start the Black Star line
bull attracted many investments govt charged him with wfraud
bull he was found guilty and eventually deported to Jamaica but his organization continued to exist
CelebritiesBabe Ruth ampTy Cobb
Jack Dempsey
Charles Lindbergh
The Spirit of St Louis
Notables
bull Charles Lindbergh ndash first to fly across the Atlantic
bull Babe Ruth ndash may be the best known baseball player
bull Henry Ford ndash the assembly line his most important invention also developed the Model T ford
bull Welfare capitalism ndash Companies allowed workers to buy stock participate in profit sharing and receive benefits such as medical care and pensions
Notables
bull Open shop ndash a workplace where employees were not required to join a union
bull In 1920 Westinghouse Company broadcast one of the first public broadcast in history
bull 1926 National Broadcasting Company (NBC) established a permanent network of stations to distribute daily programs
bull 1928 Columbia Broadcasting System (CBS) assembled a coast-to-coast network of stations
Slides
bull Some of the slides used came from a internet site Please be aware that I am using them for educational purposes and they may not be usable due to copyright laws
Al Capone
THE TWENTIES WOMAN
After World War I Americans were looking for a little fun in the 1920s
Chicago
1926
Why were women able to become more independent after WWI
bull 1920s also brought about great changes for women
bull 1920 - 19th Amendment gave them the federal vote
bull after 1920 social circumstances changed too as more women worked outside the home
bull and more women went to college and clamoured to join the professions
bull women didnt want to sacrifice wartime gains -amounted to a social revolt
bull characterized by the FLAPPER new womanndash (bobbed hair short dresses
smoked in public)
19th Amendment (1920)
NEW ROLES FOR WOMEN
bull More women workingndash Usually single or widowed womenndash Many women entered the workplace as nurses
teachers librarians amp secretariesndash Income to spend
bull Technology made life easierndash Stoves refrigerators vacuum cleanershellip
bull Margaret Sangerndash Birth control movementndash Family size decreases
Traditional Role of Women
bull Flappers A young woman with short skirts and rouged cheeks who had her hair cropped close in a style known as a bob
bull Women gained the right to vote with passage of the nineteenth amendment
THE FLAPPER
A Flapper was a young woman who embraced the new fashions and urban attitudes
Wanted independence
Rebelled against traditional roles
The 20rsquos is The Jazz AgeThe Flappers
make up
cigarettes
short skirts
MusiciansLouis Armstrong
Duke Ellington
WritersF Scott Fitzgerald
Ernest Hemingway
Culture of the Roaring 20rsquosRadio
KDKA Pittsburgh
GE Westinghouseamp RCA
form NBC
Silent Movies
Charlie Chaplin
ldquoTalkiesrdquoThe Jazz SingerStarring Al Jolson
Mary PickfordldquoAmericarsquos Sweetheartrdquo
Cultural Innovations
bull Talking picture ndash The Jazz Singer ndash was produced and the golden age of Hollywood began
bull Mass media ndash radio movies newspapers and magazines aimed at a broad audience ndash did more than just entertain
bull They helped to broaden peoplersquos interests and fostered a sense of shared national experience
ENTERTAINMENT AND ARTS
First sound movies Jazz Singer (1927)
First animated with sound Steamboat Willie (1928)
By 1930 millions ofAmericans went to the movies each week
Walt Disneys animated Steamboat
Willie marked the debut of Mickey
Mouse It was a seven minute long
black and white cartoon
African American Culture
bull The Great Migration ndash hundreds of thousands of African Americans move from the rural South to industrial cities in the North
bull Harlem Renaissance ndash African Americans created an environment that stimulated artistic development racial pride and a sense of community
bull Langston Hughes (writer) Louis Armstrong (trumpet player) Duke Ellington (bandleader)
Harlem Renaissance
In the 1920s it was home to a literary and artistic revival known as the Harlem Renaissance
WHAT MADE THE HARLEM RENAISSANCE POSSIBLE
Between 1910 and 1920 the Great Migration saw hundreds of thousands of African Americans move north to big cities
Migration of the Negro by
Jacob Lawrence
Harlem Renaissancebull Writers
ndash Langston Hughes (Poet)ndash Zora Neale Hurston (Writer)
bull Famous Jazz Musiciansndash ldquoDukerdquo Ellington ndash Louis Armstrong ndash Bessie Smith
bull Cotton Club famous Jazz Club in Harlemndash Blacks usually denied admission
Black Nationalism
bull Pan-Africanism aimed to unite people of African descent worldwide
bull Marcus Garvey
Universal Negro Improvement Associationndash Aims African-American
economic independence amp a Black homeland in Africa
bull Marcus Garvey (Jamaican born immigrant) established the Universal Negro Improvement Association
bull believed in Black pride
bull advocated racial segregation bc of Black superiority
bull Garvey believed Blacks should return to Africa
bull he purchased a ship to start the Black Star line
bull attracted many investments govt charged him with wfraud
bull he was found guilty and eventually deported to Jamaica but his organization continued to exist
CelebritiesBabe Ruth ampTy Cobb
Jack Dempsey
Charles Lindbergh
The Spirit of St Louis
Notables
bull Charles Lindbergh ndash first to fly across the Atlantic
bull Babe Ruth ndash may be the best known baseball player
bull Henry Ford ndash the assembly line his most important invention also developed the Model T ford
bull Welfare capitalism ndash Companies allowed workers to buy stock participate in profit sharing and receive benefits such as medical care and pensions
Notables
bull Open shop ndash a workplace where employees were not required to join a union
bull In 1920 Westinghouse Company broadcast one of the first public broadcast in history
bull 1926 National Broadcasting Company (NBC) established a permanent network of stations to distribute daily programs
bull 1928 Columbia Broadcasting System (CBS) assembled a coast-to-coast network of stations
Slides
bull Some of the slides used came from a internet site Please be aware that I am using them for educational purposes and they may not be usable due to copyright laws
THE TWENTIES WOMAN
After World War I Americans were looking for a little fun in the 1920s
Chicago
1926
Why were women able to become more independent after WWI
bull 1920s also brought about great changes for women
bull 1920 - 19th Amendment gave them the federal vote
bull after 1920 social circumstances changed too as more women worked outside the home
bull and more women went to college and clamoured to join the professions
bull women didnt want to sacrifice wartime gains -amounted to a social revolt
bull characterized by the FLAPPER new womanndash (bobbed hair short dresses
smoked in public)
19th Amendment (1920)
NEW ROLES FOR WOMEN
bull More women workingndash Usually single or widowed womenndash Many women entered the workplace as nurses
teachers librarians amp secretariesndash Income to spend
bull Technology made life easierndash Stoves refrigerators vacuum cleanershellip
bull Margaret Sangerndash Birth control movementndash Family size decreases
Traditional Role of Women
bull Flappers A young woman with short skirts and rouged cheeks who had her hair cropped close in a style known as a bob
bull Women gained the right to vote with passage of the nineteenth amendment
THE FLAPPER
A Flapper was a young woman who embraced the new fashions and urban attitudes
Wanted independence
Rebelled against traditional roles
The 20rsquos is The Jazz AgeThe Flappers
make up
cigarettes
short skirts
MusiciansLouis Armstrong
Duke Ellington
WritersF Scott Fitzgerald
Ernest Hemingway
Culture of the Roaring 20rsquosRadio
KDKA Pittsburgh
GE Westinghouseamp RCA
form NBC
Silent Movies
Charlie Chaplin
ldquoTalkiesrdquoThe Jazz SingerStarring Al Jolson
Mary PickfordldquoAmericarsquos Sweetheartrdquo
Cultural Innovations
bull Talking picture ndash The Jazz Singer ndash was produced and the golden age of Hollywood began
bull Mass media ndash radio movies newspapers and magazines aimed at a broad audience ndash did more than just entertain
bull They helped to broaden peoplersquos interests and fostered a sense of shared national experience
ENTERTAINMENT AND ARTS
First sound movies Jazz Singer (1927)
First animated with sound Steamboat Willie (1928)
By 1930 millions ofAmericans went to the movies each week
Walt Disneys animated Steamboat
Willie marked the debut of Mickey
Mouse It was a seven minute long
black and white cartoon
African American Culture
bull The Great Migration ndash hundreds of thousands of African Americans move from the rural South to industrial cities in the North
bull Harlem Renaissance ndash African Americans created an environment that stimulated artistic development racial pride and a sense of community
bull Langston Hughes (writer) Louis Armstrong (trumpet player) Duke Ellington (bandleader)
Harlem Renaissance
In the 1920s it was home to a literary and artistic revival known as the Harlem Renaissance
WHAT MADE THE HARLEM RENAISSANCE POSSIBLE
Between 1910 and 1920 the Great Migration saw hundreds of thousands of African Americans move north to big cities
Migration of the Negro by
Jacob Lawrence
Harlem Renaissancebull Writers
ndash Langston Hughes (Poet)ndash Zora Neale Hurston (Writer)
bull Famous Jazz Musiciansndash ldquoDukerdquo Ellington ndash Louis Armstrong ndash Bessie Smith
bull Cotton Club famous Jazz Club in Harlemndash Blacks usually denied admission
Black Nationalism
bull Pan-Africanism aimed to unite people of African descent worldwide
bull Marcus Garvey
Universal Negro Improvement Associationndash Aims African-American
economic independence amp a Black homeland in Africa
bull Marcus Garvey (Jamaican born immigrant) established the Universal Negro Improvement Association
bull believed in Black pride
bull advocated racial segregation bc of Black superiority
bull Garvey believed Blacks should return to Africa
bull he purchased a ship to start the Black Star line
bull attracted many investments govt charged him with wfraud
bull he was found guilty and eventually deported to Jamaica but his organization continued to exist
CelebritiesBabe Ruth ampTy Cobb
Jack Dempsey
Charles Lindbergh
The Spirit of St Louis
Notables
bull Charles Lindbergh ndash first to fly across the Atlantic
bull Babe Ruth ndash may be the best known baseball player
bull Henry Ford ndash the assembly line his most important invention also developed the Model T ford
bull Welfare capitalism ndash Companies allowed workers to buy stock participate in profit sharing and receive benefits such as medical care and pensions
Notables
bull Open shop ndash a workplace where employees were not required to join a union
bull In 1920 Westinghouse Company broadcast one of the first public broadcast in history
bull 1926 National Broadcasting Company (NBC) established a permanent network of stations to distribute daily programs
bull 1928 Columbia Broadcasting System (CBS) assembled a coast-to-coast network of stations
Slides
bull Some of the slides used came from a internet site Please be aware that I am using them for educational purposes and they may not be usable due to copyright laws
bull 1920s also brought about great changes for women
bull 1920 - 19th Amendment gave them the federal vote
bull after 1920 social circumstances changed too as more women worked outside the home
bull and more women went to college and clamoured to join the professions
bull women didnt want to sacrifice wartime gains -amounted to a social revolt
bull characterized by the FLAPPER new womanndash (bobbed hair short dresses
smoked in public)
19th Amendment (1920)
NEW ROLES FOR WOMEN
bull More women workingndash Usually single or widowed womenndash Many women entered the workplace as nurses
teachers librarians amp secretariesndash Income to spend
bull Technology made life easierndash Stoves refrigerators vacuum cleanershellip
bull Margaret Sangerndash Birth control movementndash Family size decreases
Traditional Role of Women
bull Flappers A young woman with short skirts and rouged cheeks who had her hair cropped close in a style known as a bob
bull Women gained the right to vote with passage of the nineteenth amendment
THE FLAPPER
A Flapper was a young woman who embraced the new fashions and urban attitudes
Wanted independence
Rebelled against traditional roles
The 20rsquos is The Jazz AgeThe Flappers
make up
cigarettes
short skirts
MusiciansLouis Armstrong
Duke Ellington
WritersF Scott Fitzgerald
Ernest Hemingway
Culture of the Roaring 20rsquosRadio
KDKA Pittsburgh
GE Westinghouseamp RCA
form NBC
Silent Movies
Charlie Chaplin
ldquoTalkiesrdquoThe Jazz SingerStarring Al Jolson
Mary PickfordldquoAmericarsquos Sweetheartrdquo
Cultural Innovations
bull Talking picture ndash The Jazz Singer ndash was produced and the golden age of Hollywood began
bull Mass media ndash radio movies newspapers and magazines aimed at a broad audience ndash did more than just entertain
bull They helped to broaden peoplersquos interests and fostered a sense of shared national experience
ENTERTAINMENT AND ARTS
First sound movies Jazz Singer (1927)
First animated with sound Steamboat Willie (1928)
By 1930 millions ofAmericans went to the movies each week
Walt Disneys animated Steamboat
Willie marked the debut of Mickey
Mouse It was a seven minute long
black and white cartoon
African American Culture
bull The Great Migration ndash hundreds of thousands of African Americans move from the rural South to industrial cities in the North
bull Harlem Renaissance ndash African Americans created an environment that stimulated artistic development racial pride and a sense of community
bull Langston Hughes (writer) Louis Armstrong (trumpet player) Duke Ellington (bandleader)
Harlem Renaissance
In the 1920s it was home to a literary and artistic revival known as the Harlem Renaissance
WHAT MADE THE HARLEM RENAISSANCE POSSIBLE
Between 1910 and 1920 the Great Migration saw hundreds of thousands of African Americans move north to big cities
Migration of the Negro by
Jacob Lawrence
Harlem Renaissancebull Writers
ndash Langston Hughes (Poet)ndash Zora Neale Hurston (Writer)
bull Famous Jazz Musiciansndash ldquoDukerdquo Ellington ndash Louis Armstrong ndash Bessie Smith
bull Cotton Club famous Jazz Club in Harlemndash Blacks usually denied admission
Black Nationalism
bull Pan-Africanism aimed to unite people of African descent worldwide
bull Marcus Garvey
Universal Negro Improvement Associationndash Aims African-American
economic independence amp a Black homeland in Africa
bull Marcus Garvey (Jamaican born immigrant) established the Universal Negro Improvement Association
bull believed in Black pride
bull advocated racial segregation bc of Black superiority
bull Garvey believed Blacks should return to Africa
bull he purchased a ship to start the Black Star line
bull attracted many investments govt charged him with wfraud
bull he was found guilty and eventually deported to Jamaica but his organization continued to exist
CelebritiesBabe Ruth ampTy Cobb
Jack Dempsey
Charles Lindbergh
The Spirit of St Louis
Notables
bull Charles Lindbergh ndash first to fly across the Atlantic
bull Babe Ruth ndash may be the best known baseball player
bull Henry Ford ndash the assembly line his most important invention also developed the Model T ford
bull Welfare capitalism ndash Companies allowed workers to buy stock participate in profit sharing and receive benefits such as medical care and pensions
Notables
bull Open shop ndash a workplace where employees were not required to join a union
bull In 1920 Westinghouse Company broadcast one of the first public broadcast in history
bull 1926 National Broadcasting Company (NBC) established a permanent network of stations to distribute daily programs
bull 1928 Columbia Broadcasting System (CBS) assembled a coast-to-coast network of stations
Slides
bull Some of the slides used came from a internet site Please be aware that I am using them for educational purposes and they may not be usable due to copyright laws
19th Amendment (1920)
NEW ROLES FOR WOMEN
bull More women workingndash Usually single or widowed womenndash Many women entered the workplace as nurses
teachers librarians amp secretariesndash Income to spend
bull Technology made life easierndash Stoves refrigerators vacuum cleanershellip
bull Margaret Sangerndash Birth control movementndash Family size decreases
Traditional Role of Women
bull Flappers A young woman with short skirts and rouged cheeks who had her hair cropped close in a style known as a bob
bull Women gained the right to vote with passage of the nineteenth amendment
THE FLAPPER
A Flapper was a young woman who embraced the new fashions and urban attitudes
Wanted independence
Rebelled against traditional roles
The 20rsquos is The Jazz AgeThe Flappers
make up
cigarettes
short skirts
MusiciansLouis Armstrong
Duke Ellington
WritersF Scott Fitzgerald
Ernest Hemingway
Culture of the Roaring 20rsquosRadio
KDKA Pittsburgh
GE Westinghouseamp RCA
form NBC
Silent Movies
Charlie Chaplin
ldquoTalkiesrdquoThe Jazz SingerStarring Al Jolson
Mary PickfordldquoAmericarsquos Sweetheartrdquo
Cultural Innovations
bull Talking picture ndash The Jazz Singer ndash was produced and the golden age of Hollywood began
bull Mass media ndash radio movies newspapers and magazines aimed at a broad audience ndash did more than just entertain
bull They helped to broaden peoplersquos interests and fostered a sense of shared national experience
ENTERTAINMENT AND ARTS
First sound movies Jazz Singer (1927)
First animated with sound Steamboat Willie (1928)
By 1930 millions ofAmericans went to the movies each week
Walt Disneys animated Steamboat
Willie marked the debut of Mickey
Mouse It was a seven minute long
black and white cartoon
African American Culture
bull The Great Migration ndash hundreds of thousands of African Americans move from the rural South to industrial cities in the North
bull Harlem Renaissance ndash African Americans created an environment that stimulated artistic development racial pride and a sense of community
bull Langston Hughes (writer) Louis Armstrong (trumpet player) Duke Ellington (bandleader)
Harlem Renaissance
In the 1920s it was home to a literary and artistic revival known as the Harlem Renaissance
WHAT MADE THE HARLEM RENAISSANCE POSSIBLE
Between 1910 and 1920 the Great Migration saw hundreds of thousands of African Americans move north to big cities
Migration of the Negro by
Jacob Lawrence
Harlem Renaissancebull Writers
ndash Langston Hughes (Poet)ndash Zora Neale Hurston (Writer)
bull Famous Jazz Musiciansndash ldquoDukerdquo Ellington ndash Louis Armstrong ndash Bessie Smith
bull Cotton Club famous Jazz Club in Harlemndash Blacks usually denied admission
Black Nationalism
bull Pan-Africanism aimed to unite people of African descent worldwide
bull Marcus Garvey
Universal Negro Improvement Associationndash Aims African-American
economic independence amp a Black homeland in Africa
bull Marcus Garvey (Jamaican born immigrant) established the Universal Negro Improvement Association
bull believed in Black pride
bull advocated racial segregation bc of Black superiority
bull Garvey believed Blacks should return to Africa
bull he purchased a ship to start the Black Star line
bull attracted many investments govt charged him with wfraud
bull he was found guilty and eventually deported to Jamaica but his organization continued to exist
CelebritiesBabe Ruth ampTy Cobb
Jack Dempsey
Charles Lindbergh
The Spirit of St Louis
Notables
bull Charles Lindbergh ndash first to fly across the Atlantic
bull Babe Ruth ndash may be the best known baseball player
bull Henry Ford ndash the assembly line his most important invention also developed the Model T ford
bull Welfare capitalism ndash Companies allowed workers to buy stock participate in profit sharing and receive benefits such as medical care and pensions
Notables
bull Open shop ndash a workplace where employees were not required to join a union
bull In 1920 Westinghouse Company broadcast one of the first public broadcast in history
bull 1926 National Broadcasting Company (NBC) established a permanent network of stations to distribute daily programs
bull 1928 Columbia Broadcasting System (CBS) assembled a coast-to-coast network of stations
Slides
bull Some of the slides used came from a internet site Please be aware that I am using them for educational purposes and they may not be usable due to copyright laws
NEW ROLES FOR WOMEN
bull More women workingndash Usually single or widowed womenndash Many women entered the workplace as nurses
teachers librarians amp secretariesndash Income to spend
bull Technology made life easierndash Stoves refrigerators vacuum cleanershellip
bull Margaret Sangerndash Birth control movementndash Family size decreases
Traditional Role of Women
bull Flappers A young woman with short skirts and rouged cheeks who had her hair cropped close in a style known as a bob
bull Women gained the right to vote with passage of the nineteenth amendment
THE FLAPPER
A Flapper was a young woman who embraced the new fashions and urban attitudes
Wanted independence
Rebelled against traditional roles
The 20rsquos is The Jazz AgeThe Flappers
make up
cigarettes
short skirts
MusiciansLouis Armstrong
Duke Ellington
WritersF Scott Fitzgerald
Ernest Hemingway
Culture of the Roaring 20rsquosRadio
KDKA Pittsburgh
GE Westinghouseamp RCA
form NBC
Silent Movies
Charlie Chaplin
ldquoTalkiesrdquoThe Jazz SingerStarring Al Jolson
Mary PickfordldquoAmericarsquos Sweetheartrdquo
Cultural Innovations
bull Talking picture ndash The Jazz Singer ndash was produced and the golden age of Hollywood began
bull Mass media ndash radio movies newspapers and magazines aimed at a broad audience ndash did more than just entertain
bull They helped to broaden peoplersquos interests and fostered a sense of shared national experience
ENTERTAINMENT AND ARTS
First sound movies Jazz Singer (1927)
First animated with sound Steamboat Willie (1928)
By 1930 millions ofAmericans went to the movies each week
Walt Disneys animated Steamboat
Willie marked the debut of Mickey
Mouse It was a seven minute long
black and white cartoon
African American Culture
bull The Great Migration ndash hundreds of thousands of African Americans move from the rural South to industrial cities in the North
bull Harlem Renaissance ndash African Americans created an environment that stimulated artistic development racial pride and a sense of community
bull Langston Hughes (writer) Louis Armstrong (trumpet player) Duke Ellington (bandleader)
Harlem Renaissance
In the 1920s it was home to a literary and artistic revival known as the Harlem Renaissance
WHAT MADE THE HARLEM RENAISSANCE POSSIBLE
Between 1910 and 1920 the Great Migration saw hundreds of thousands of African Americans move north to big cities
Migration of the Negro by
Jacob Lawrence
Harlem Renaissancebull Writers
ndash Langston Hughes (Poet)ndash Zora Neale Hurston (Writer)
bull Famous Jazz Musiciansndash ldquoDukerdquo Ellington ndash Louis Armstrong ndash Bessie Smith
bull Cotton Club famous Jazz Club in Harlemndash Blacks usually denied admission
Black Nationalism
bull Pan-Africanism aimed to unite people of African descent worldwide
bull Marcus Garvey
Universal Negro Improvement Associationndash Aims African-American
economic independence amp a Black homeland in Africa
bull Marcus Garvey (Jamaican born immigrant) established the Universal Negro Improvement Association
bull believed in Black pride
bull advocated racial segregation bc of Black superiority
bull Garvey believed Blacks should return to Africa
bull he purchased a ship to start the Black Star line
bull attracted many investments govt charged him with wfraud
bull he was found guilty and eventually deported to Jamaica but his organization continued to exist
CelebritiesBabe Ruth ampTy Cobb
Jack Dempsey
Charles Lindbergh
The Spirit of St Louis
Notables
bull Charles Lindbergh ndash first to fly across the Atlantic
bull Babe Ruth ndash may be the best known baseball player
bull Henry Ford ndash the assembly line his most important invention also developed the Model T ford
bull Welfare capitalism ndash Companies allowed workers to buy stock participate in profit sharing and receive benefits such as medical care and pensions
Notables
bull Open shop ndash a workplace where employees were not required to join a union
bull In 1920 Westinghouse Company broadcast one of the first public broadcast in history
bull 1926 National Broadcasting Company (NBC) established a permanent network of stations to distribute daily programs
bull 1928 Columbia Broadcasting System (CBS) assembled a coast-to-coast network of stations
Slides
bull Some of the slides used came from a internet site Please be aware that I am using them for educational purposes and they may not be usable due to copyright laws
Traditional Role of Women
bull Flappers A young woman with short skirts and rouged cheeks who had her hair cropped close in a style known as a bob
bull Women gained the right to vote with passage of the nineteenth amendment
THE FLAPPER
A Flapper was a young woman who embraced the new fashions and urban attitudes
Wanted independence
Rebelled against traditional roles
The 20rsquos is The Jazz AgeThe Flappers
make up
cigarettes
short skirts
MusiciansLouis Armstrong
Duke Ellington
WritersF Scott Fitzgerald
Ernest Hemingway
Culture of the Roaring 20rsquosRadio
KDKA Pittsburgh
GE Westinghouseamp RCA
form NBC
Silent Movies
Charlie Chaplin
ldquoTalkiesrdquoThe Jazz SingerStarring Al Jolson
Mary PickfordldquoAmericarsquos Sweetheartrdquo
Cultural Innovations
bull Talking picture ndash The Jazz Singer ndash was produced and the golden age of Hollywood began
bull Mass media ndash radio movies newspapers and magazines aimed at a broad audience ndash did more than just entertain
bull They helped to broaden peoplersquos interests and fostered a sense of shared national experience
ENTERTAINMENT AND ARTS
First sound movies Jazz Singer (1927)
First animated with sound Steamboat Willie (1928)
By 1930 millions ofAmericans went to the movies each week
Walt Disneys animated Steamboat
Willie marked the debut of Mickey
Mouse It was a seven minute long
black and white cartoon
African American Culture
bull The Great Migration ndash hundreds of thousands of African Americans move from the rural South to industrial cities in the North
bull Harlem Renaissance ndash African Americans created an environment that stimulated artistic development racial pride and a sense of community
bull Langston Hughes (writer) Louis Armstrong (trumpet player) Duke Ellington (bandleader)
Harlem Renaissance
In the 1920s it was home to a literary and artistic revival known as the Harlem Renaissance
WHAT MADE THE HARLEM RENAISSANCE POSSIBLE
Between 1910 and 1920 the Great Migration saw hundreds of thousands of African Americans move north to big cities
Migration of the Negro by
Jacob Lawrence
Harlem Renaissancebull Writers
ndash Langston Hughes (Poet)ndash Zora Neale Hurston (Writer)
bull Famous Jazz Musiciansndash ldquoDukerdquo Ellington ndash Louis Armstrong ndash Bessie Smith
bull Cotton Club famous Jazz Club in Harlemndash Blacks usually denied admission
Black Nationalism
bull Pan-Africanism aimed to unite people of African descent worldwide
bull Marcus Garvey
Universal Negro Improvement Associationndash Aims African-American
economic independence amp a Black homeland in Africa
bull Marcus Garvey (Jamaican born immigrant) established the Universal Negro Improvement Association
bull believed in Black pride
bull advocated racial segregation bc of Black superiority
bull Garvey believed Blacks should return to Africa
bull he purchased a ship to start the Black Star line
bull attracted many investments govt charged him with wfraud
bull he was found guilty and eventually deported to Jamaica but his organization continued to exist
CelebritiesBabe Ruth ampTy Cobb
Jack Dempsey
Charles Lindbergh
The Spirit of St Louis
Notables
bull Charles Lindbergh ndash first to fly across the Atlantic
bull Babe Ruth ndash may be the best known baseball player
bull Henry Ford ndash the assembly line his most important invention also developed the Model T ford
bull Welfare capitalism ndash Companies allowed workers to buy stock participate in profit sharing and receive benefits such as medical care and pensions
Notables
bull Open shop ndash a workplace where employees were not required to join a union
bull In 1920 Westinghouse Company broadcast one of the first public broadcast in history
bull 1926 National Broadcasting Company (NBC) established a permanent network of stations to distribute daily programs
bull 1928 Columbia Broadcasting System (CBS) assembled a coast-to-coast network of stations
Slides
bull Some of the slides used came from a internet site Please be aware that I am using them for educational purposes and they may not be usable due to copyright laws
THE FLAPPER
A Flapper was a young woman who embraced the new fashions and urban attitudes
Wanted independence
Rebelled against traditional roles
The 20rsquos is The Jazz AgeThe Flappers
make up
cigarettes
short skirts
MusiciansLouis Armstrong
Duke Ellington
WritersF Scott Fitzgerald
Ernest Hemingway
Culture of the Roaring 20rsquosRadio
KDKA Pittsburgh
GE Westinghouseamp RCA
form NBC
Silent Movies
Charlie Chaplin
ldquoTalkiesrdquoThe Jazz SingerStarring Al Jolson
Mary PickfordldquoAmericarsquos Sweetheartrdquo
Cultural Innovations
bull Talking picture ndash The Jazz Singer ndash was produced and the golden age of Hollywood began
bull Mass media ndash radio movies newspapers and magazines aimed at a broad audience ndash did more than just entertain
bull They helped to broaden peoplersquos interests and fostered a sense of shared national experience
ENTERTAINMENT AND ARTS
First sound movies Jazz Singer (1927)
First animated with sound Steamboat Willie (1928)
By 1930 millions ofAmericans went to the movies each week
Walt Disneys animated Steamboat
Willie marked the debut of Mickey
Mouse It was a seven minute long
black and white cartoon
African American Culture
bull The Great Migration ndash hundreds of thousands of African Americans move from the rural South to industrial cities in the North
bull Harlem Renaissance ndash African Americans created an environment that stimulated artistic development racial pride and a sense of community
bull Langston Hughes (writer) Louis Armstrong (trumpet player) Duke Ellington (bandleader)
Harlem Renaissance
In the 1920s it was home to a literary and artistic revival known as the Harlem Renaissance
WHAT MADE THE HARLEM RENAISSANCE POSSIBLE
Between 1910 and 1920 the Great Migration saw hundreds of thousands of African Americans move north to big cities
Migration of the Negro by
Jacob Lawrence
Harlem Renaissancebull Writers
ndash Langston Hughes (Poet)ndash Zora Neale Hurston (Writer)
bull Famous Jazz Musiciansndash ldquoDukerdquo Ellington ndash Louis Armstrong ndash Bessie Smith
bull Cotton Club famous Jazz Club in Harlemndash Blacks usually denied admission
Black Nationalism
bull Pan-Africanism aimed to unite people of African descent worldwide
bull Marcus Garvey
Universal Negro Improvement Associationndash Aims African-American
economic independence amp a Black homeland in Africa
bull Marcus Garvey (Jamaican born immigrant) established the Universal Negro Improvement Association
bull believed in Black pride
bull advocated racial segregation bc of Black superiority
bull Garvey believed Blacks should return to Africa
bull he purchased a ship to start the Black Star line
bull attracted many investments govt charged him with wfraud
bull he was found guilty and eventually deported to Jamaica but his organization continued to exist
CelebritiesBabe Ruth ampTy Cobb
Jack Dempsey
Charles Lindbergh
The Spirit of St Louis
Notables
bull Charles Lindbergh ndash first to fly across the Atlantic
bull Babe Ruth ndash may be the best known baseball player
bull Henry Ford ndash the assembly line his most important invention also developed the Model T ford
bull Welfare capitalism ndash Companies allowed workers to buy stock participate in profit sharing and receive benefits such as medical care and pensions
Notables
bull Open shop ndash a workplace where employees were not required to join a union
bull In 1920 Westinghouse Company broadcast one of the first public broadcast in history
bull 1926 National Broadcasting Company (NBC) established a permanent network of stations to distribute daily programs
bull 1928 Columbia Broadcasting System (CBS) assembled a coast-to-coast network of stations
Slides
bull Some of the slides used came from a internet site Please be aware that I am using them for educational purposes and they may not be usable due to copyright laws
The 20rsquos is The Jazz AgeThe Flappers
make up
cigarettes
short skirts
MusiciansLouis Armstrong
Duke Ellington
WritersF Scott Fitzgerald
Ernest Hemingway
Culture of the Roaring 20rsquosRadio
KDKA Pittsburgh
GE Westinghouseamp RCA
form NBC
Silent Movies
Charlie Chaplin
ldquoTalkiesrdquoThe Jazz SingerStarring Al Jolson
Mary PickfordldquoAmericarsquos Sweetheartrdquo
Cultural Innovations
bull Talking picture ndash The Jazz Singer ndash was produced and the golden age of Hollywood began
bull Mass media ndash radio movies newspapers and magazines aimed at a broad audience ndash did more than just entertain
bull They helped to broaden peoplersquos interests and fostered a sense of shared national experience
ENTERTAINMENT AND ARTS
First sound movies Jazz Singer (1927)
First animated with sound Steamboat Willie (1928)
By 1930 millions ofAmericans went to the movies each week
Walt Disneys animated Steamboat
Willie marked the debut of Mickey
Mouse It was a seven minute long
black and white cartoon
African American Culture
bull The Great Migration ndash hundreds of thousands of African Americans move from the rural South to industrial cities in the North
bull Harlem Renaissance ndash African Americans created an environment that stimulated artistic development racial pride and a sense of community
bull Langston Hughes (writer) Louis Armstrong (trumpet player) Duke Ellington (bandleader)
Harlem Renaissance
In the 1920s it was home to a literary and artistic revival known as the Harlem Renaissance
WHAT MADE THE HARLEM RENAISSANCE POSSIBLE
Between 1910 and 1920 the Great Migration saw hundreds of thousands of African Americans move north to big cities
Migration of the Negro by
Jacob Lawrence
Harlem Renaissancebull Writers
ndash Langston Hughes (Poet)ndash Zora Neale Hurston (Writer)
bull Famous Jazz Musiciansndash ldquoDukerdquo Ellington ndash Louis Armstrong ndash Bessie Smith
bull Cotton Club famous Jazz Club in Harlemndash Blacks usually denied admission
Black Nationalism
bull Pan-Africanism aimed to unite people of African descent worldwide
bull Marcus Garvey
Universal Negro Improvement Associationndash Aims African-American
economic independence amp a Black homeland in Africa
bull Marcus Garvey (Jamaican born immigrant) established the Universal Negro Improvement Association
bull believed in Black pride
bull advocated racial segregation bc of Black superiority
bull Garvey believed Blacks should return to Africa
bull he purchased a ship to start the Black Star line
bull attracted many investments govt charged him with wfraud
bull he was found guilty and eventually deported to Jamaica but his organization continued to exist
CelebritiesBabe Ruth ampTy Cobb
Jack Dempsey
Charles Lindbergh
The Spirit of St Louis
Notables
bull Charles Lindbergh ndash first to fly across the Atlantic
bull Babe Ruth ndash may be the best known baseball player
bull Henry Ford ndash the assembly line his most important invention also developed the Model T ford
bull Welfare capitalism ndash Companies allowed workers to buy stock participate in profit sharing and receive benefits such as medical care and pensions
Notables
bull Open shop ndash a workplace where employees were not required to join a union
bull In 1920 Westinghouse Company broadcast one of the first public broadcast in history
bull 1926 National Broadcasting Company (NBC) established a permanent network of stations to distribute daily programs
bull 1928 Columbia Broadcasting System (CBS) assembled a coast-to-coast network of stations
Slides
bull Some of the slides used came from a internet site Please be aware that I am using them for educational purposes and they may not be usable due to copyright laws
Culture of the Roaring 20rsquosRadio
KDKA Pittsburgh
GE Westinghouseamp RCA
form NBC
Silent Movies
Charlie Chaplin
ldquoTalkiesrdquoThe Jazz SingerStarring Al Jolson
Mary PickfordldquoAmericarsquos Sweetheartrdquo
Cultural Innovations
bull Talking picture ndash The Jazz Singer ndash was produced and the golden age of Hollywood began
bull Mass media ndash radio movies newspapers and magazines aimed at a broad audience ndash did more than just entertain
bull They helped to broaden peoplersquos interests and fostered a sense of shared national experience
ENTERTAINMENT AND ARTS
First sound movies Jazz Singer (1927)
First animated with sound Steamboat Willie (1928)
By 1930 millions ofAmericans went to the movies each week
Walt Disneys animated Steamboat
Willie marked the debut of Mickey
Mouse It was a seven minute long
black and white cartoon
African American Culture
bull The Great Migration ndash hundreds of thousands of African Americans move from the rural South to industrial cities in the North
bull Harlem Renaissance ndash African Americans created an environment that stimulated artistic development racial pride and a sense of community
bull Langston Hughes (writer) Louis Armstrong (trumpet player) Duke Ellington (bandleader)
Harlem Renaissance
In the 1920s it was home to a literary and artistic revival known as the Harlem Renaissance
WHAT MADE THE HARLEM RENAISSANCE POSSIBLE
Between 1910 and 1920 the Great Migration saw hundreds of thousands of African Americans move north to big cities
Migration of the Negro by
Jacob Lawrence
Harlem Renaissancebull Writers
ndash Langston Hughes (Poet)ndash Zora Neale Hurston (Writer)
bull Famous Jazz Musiciansndash ldquoDukerdquo Ellington ndash Louis Armstrong ndash Bessie Smith
bull Cotton Club famous Jazz Club in Harlemndash Blacks usually denied admission
Black Nationalism
bull Pan-Africanism aimed to unite people of African descent worldwide
bull Marcus Garvey
Universal Negro Improvement Associationndash Aims African-American
economic independence amp a Black homeland in Africa
bull Marcus Garvey (Jamaican born immigrant) established the Universal Negro Improvement Association
bull believed in Black pride
bull advocated racial segregation bc of Black superiority
bull Garvey believed Blacks should return to Africa
bull he purchased a ship to start the Black Star line
bull attracted many investments govt charged him with wfraud
bull he was found guilty and eventually deported to Jamaica but his organization continued to exist
CelebritiesBabe Ruth ampTy Cobb
Jack Dempsey
Charles Lindbergh
The Spirit of St Louis
Notables
bull Charles Lindbergh ndash first to fly across the Atlantic
bull Babe Ruth ndash may be the best known baseball player
bull Henry Ford ndash the assembly line his most important invention also developed the Model T ford
bull Welfare capitalism ndash Companies allowed workers to buy stock participate in profit sharing and receive benefits such as medical care and pensions
Notables
bull Open shop ndash a workplace where employees were not required to join a union
bull In 1920 Westinghouse Company broadcast one of the first public broadcast in history
bull 1926 National Broadcasting Company (NBC) established a permanent network of stations to distribute daily programs
bull 1928 Columbia Broadcasting System (CBS) assembled a coast-to-coast network of stations
Slides
bull Some of the slides used came from a internet site Please be aware that I am using them for educational purposes and they may not be usable due to copyright laws
Cultural Innovations
bull Talking picture ndash The Jazz Singer ndash was produced and the golden age of Hollywood began
bull Mass media ndash radio movies newspapers and magazines aimed at a broad audience ndash did more than just entertain
bull They helped to broaden peoplersquos interests and fostered a sense of shared national experience
ENTERTAINMENT AND ARTS
First sound movies Jazz Singer (1927)
First animated with sound Steamboat Willie (1928)
By 1930 millions ofAmericans went to the movies each week
Walt Disneys animated Steamboat
Willie marked the debut of Mickey
Mouse It was a seven minute long
black and white cartoon
African American Culture
bull The Great Migration ndash hundreds of thousands of African Americans move from the rural South to industrial cities in the North
bull Harlem Renaissance ndash African Americans created an environment that stimulated artistic development racial pride and a sense of community
bull Langston Hughes (writer) Louis Armstrong (trumpet player) Duke Ellington (bandleader)
Harlem Renaissance
In the 1920s it was home to a literary and artistic revival known as the Harlem Renaissance
WHAT MADE THE HARLEM RENAISSANCE POSSIBLE
Between 1910 and 1920 the Great Migration saw hundreds of thousands of African Americans move north to big cities
Migration of the Negro by
Jacob Lawrence
Harlem Renaissancebull Writers
ndash Langston Hughes (Poet)ndash Zora Neale Hurston (Writer)
bull Famous Jazz Musiciansndash ldquoDukerdquo Ellington ndash Louis Armstrong ndash Bessie Smith
bull Cotton Club famous Jazz Club in Harlemndash Blacks usually denied admission
Black Nationalism
bull Pan-Africanism aimed to unite people of African descent worldwide
bull Marcus Garvey
Universal Negro Improvement Associationndash Aims African-American
economic independence amp a Black homeland in Africa
bull Marcus Garvey (Jamaican born immigrant) established the Universal Negro Improvement Association
bull believed in Black pride
bull advocated racial segregation bc of Black superiority
bull Garvey believed Blacks should return to Africa
bull he purchased a ship to start the Black Star line
bull attracted many investments govt charged him with wfraud
bull he was found guilty and eventually deported to Jamaica but his organization continued to exist
CelebritiesBabe Ruth ampTy Cobb
Jack Dempsey
Charles Lindbergh
The Spirit of St Louis
Notables
bull Charles Lindbergh ndash first to fly across the Atlantic
bull Babe Ruth ndash may be the best known baseball player
bull Henry Ford ndash the assembly line his most important invention also developed the Model T ford
bull Welfare capitalism ndash Companies allowed workers to buy stock participate in profit sharing and receive benefits such as medical care and pensions
Notables
bull Open shop ndash a workplace where employees were not required to join a union
bull In 1920 Westinghouse Company broadcast one of the first public broadcast in history
bull 1926 National Broadcasting Company (NBC) established a permanent network of stations to distribute daily programs
bull 1928 Columbia Broadcasting System (CBS) assembled a coast-to-coast network of stations
Slides
bull Some of the slides used came from a internet site Please be aware that I am using them for educational purposes and they may not be usable due to copyright laws
ENTERTAINMENT AND ARTS
First sound movies Jazz Singer (1927)
First animated with sound Steamboat Willie (1928)
By 1930 millions ofAmericans went to the movies each week
Walt Disneys animated Steamboat
Willie marked the debut of Mickey
Mouse It was a seven minute long
black and white cartoon
African American Culture
bull The Great Migration ndash hundreds of thousands of African Americans move from the rural South to industrial cities in the North
bull Harlem Renaissance ndash African Americans created an environment that stimulated artistic development racial pride and a sense of community
bull Langston Hughes (writer) Louis Armstrong (trumpet player) Duke Ellington (bandleader)
Harlem Renaissance
In the 1920s it was home to a literary and artistic revival known as the Harlem Renaissance
WHAT MADE THE HARLEM RENAISSANCE POSSIBLE
Between 1910 and 1920 the Great Migration saw hundreds of thousands of African Americans move north to big cities
Migration of the Negro by
Jacob Lawrence
Harlem Renaissancebull Writers
ndash Langston Hughes (Poet)ndash Zora Neale Hurston (Writer)
bull Famous Jazz Musiciansndash ldquoDukerdquo Ellington ndash Louis Armstrong ndash Bessie Smith
bull Cotton Club famous Jazz Club in Harlemndash Blacks usually denied admission
Black Nationalism
bull Pan-Africanism aimed to unite people of African descent worldwide
bull Marcus Garvey
Universal Negro Improvement Associationndash Aims African-American
economic independence amp a Black homeland in Africa
bull Marcus Garvey (Jamaican born immigrant) established the Universal Negro Improvement Association
bull believed in Black pride
bull advocated racial segregation bc of Black superiority
bull Garvey believed Blacks should return to Africa
bull he purchased a ship to start the Black Star line
bull attracted many investments govt charged him with wfraud
bull he was found guilty and eventually deported to Jamaica but his organization continued to exist
CelebritiesBabe Ruth ampTy Cobb
Jack Dempsey
Charles Lindbergh
The Spirit of St Louis
Notables
bull Charles Lindbergh ndash first to fly across the Atlantic
bull Babe Ruth ndash may be the best known baseball player
bull Henry Ford ndash the assembly line his most important invention also developed the Model T ford
bull Welfare capitalism ndash Companies allowed workers to buy stock participate in profit sharing and receive benefits such as medical care and pensions
Notables
bull Open shop ndash a workplace where employees were not required to join a union
bull In 1920 Westinghouse Company broadcast one of the first public broadcast in history
bull 1926 National Broadcasting Company (NBC) established a permanent network of stations to distribute daily programs
bull 1928 Columbia Broadcasting System (CBS) assembled a coast-to-coast network of stations
Slides
bull Some of the slides used came from a internet site Please be aware that I am using them for educational purposes and they may not be usable due to copyright laws
African American Culture
bull The Great Migration ndash hundreds of thousands of African Americans move from the rural South to industrial cities in the North
bull Harlem Renaissance ndash African Americans created an environment that stimulated artistic development racial pride and a sense of community
bull Langston Hughes (writer) Louis Armstrong (trumpet player) Duke Ellington (bandleader)
Harlem Renaissance
In the 1920s it was home to a literary and artistic revival known as the Harlem Renaissance
WHAT MADE THE HARLEM RENAISSANCE POSSIBLE
Between 1910 and 1920 the Great Migration saw hundreds of thousands of African Americans move north to big cities
Migration of the Negro by
Jacob Lawrence
Harlem Renaissancebull Writers
ndash Langston Hughes (Poet)ndash Zora Neale Hurston (Writer)
bull Famous Jazz Musiciansndash ldquoDukerdquo Ellington ndash Louis Armstrong ndash Bessie Smith
bull Cotton Club famous Jazz Club in Harlemndash Blacks usually denied admission
Black Nationalism
bull Pan-Africanism aimed to unite people of African descent worldwide
bull Marcus Garvey
Universal Negro Improvement Associationndash Aims African-American
economic independence amp a Black homeland in Africa
bull Marcus Garvey (Jamaican born immigrant) established the Universal Negro Improvement Association
bull believed in Black pride
bull advocated racial segregation bc of Black superiority
bull Garvey believed Blacks should return to Africa
bull he purchased a ship to start the Black Star line
bull attracted many investments govt charged him with wfraud
bull he was found guilty and eventually deported to Jamaica but his organization continued to exist
CelebritiesBabe Ruth ampTy Cobb
Jack Dempsey
Charles Lindbergh
The Spirit of St Louis
Notables
bull Charles Lindbergh ndash first to fly across the Atlantic
bull Babe Ruth ndash may be the best known baseball player
bull Henry Ford ndash the assembly line his most important invention also developed the Model T ford
bull Welfare capitalism ndash Companies allowed workers to buy stock participate in profit sharing and receive benefits such as medical care and pensions
Notables
bull Open shop ndash a workplace where employees were not required to join a union
bull In 1920 Westinghouse Company broadcast one of the first public broadcast in history
bull 1926 National Broadcasting Company (NBC) established a permanent network of stations to distribute daily programs
bull 1928 Columbia Broadcasting System (CBS) assembled a coast-to-coast network of stations
Slides
bull Some of the slides used came from a internet site Please be aware that I am using them for educational purposes and they may not be usable due to copyright laws
Harlem Renaissance
In the 1920s it was home to a literary and artistic revival known as the Harlem Renaissance
WHAT MADE THE HARLEM RENAISSANCE POSSIBLE
Between 1910 and 1920 the Great Migration saw hundreds of thousands of African Americans move north to big cities
Migration of the Negro by
Jacob Lawrence
Harlem Renaissancebull Writers
ndash Langston Hughes (Poet)ndash Zora Neale Hurston (Writer)
bull Famous Jazz Musiciansndash ldquoDukerdquo Ellington ndash Louis Armstrong ndash Bessie Smith
bull Cotton Club famous Jazz Club in Harlemndash Blacks usually denied admission
Black Nationalism
bull Pan-Africanism aimed to unite people of African descent worldwide
bull Marcus Garvey
Universal Negro Improvement Associationndash Aims African-American
economic independence amp a Black homeland in Africa
bull Marcus Garvey (Jamaican born immigrant) established the Universal Negro Improvement Association
bull believed in Black pride
bull advocated racial segregation bc of Black superiority
bull Garvey believed Blacks should return to Africa
bull he purchased a ship to start the Black Star line
bull attracted many investments govt charged him with wfraud
bull he was found guilty and eventually deported to Jamaica but his organization continued to exist
CelebritiesBabe Ruth ampTy Cobb
Jack Dempsey
Charles Lindbergh
The Spirit of St Louis
Notables
bull Charles Lindbergh ndash first to fly across the Atlantic
bull Babe Ruth ndash may be the best known baseball player
bull Henry Ford ndash the assembly line his most important invention also developed the Model T ford
bull Welfare capitalism ndash Companies allowed workers to buy stock participate in profit sharing and receive benefits such as medical care and pensions
Notables
bull Open shop ndash a workplace where employees were not required to join a union
bull In 1920 Westinghouse Company broadcast one of the first public broadcast in history
bull 1926 National Broadcasting Company (NBC) established a permanent network of stations to distribute daily programs
bull 1928 Columbia Broadcasting System (CBS) assembled a coast-to-coast network of stations
Slides
bull Some of the slides used came from a internet site Please be aware that I am using them for educational purposes and they may not be usable due to copyright laws
WHAT MADE THE HARLEM RENAISSANCE POSSIBLE
Between 1910 and 1920 the Great Migration saw hundreds of thousands of African Americans move north to big cities
Migration of the Negro by
Jacob Lawrence
Harlem Renaissancebull Writers
ndash Langston Hughes (Poet)ndash Zora Neale Hurston (Writer)
bull Famous Jazz Musiciansndash ldquoDukerdquo Ellington ndash Louis Armstrong ndash Bessie Smith
bull Cotton Club famous Jazz Club in Harlemndash Blacks usually denied admission
Black Nationalism
bull Pan-Africanism aimed to unite people of African descent worldwide
bull Marcus Garvey
Universal Negro Improvement Associationndash Aims African-American
economic independence amp a Black homeland in Africa
bull Marcus Garvey (Jamaican born immigrant) established the Universal Negro Improvement Association
bull believed in Black pride
bull advocated racial segregation bc of Black superiority
bull Garvey believed Blacks should return to Africa
bull he purchased a ship to start the Black Star line
bull attracted many investments govt charged him with wfraud
bull he was found guilty and eventually deported to Jamaica but his organization continued to exist
CelebritiesBabe Ruth ampTy Cobb
Jack Dempsey
Charles Lindbergh
The Spirit of St Louis
Notables
bull Charles Lindbergh ndash first to fly across the Atlantic
bull Babe Ruth ndash may be the best known baseball player
bull Henry Ford ndash the assembly line his most important invention also developed the Model T ford
bull Welfare capitalism ndash Companies allowed workers to buy stock participate in profit sharing and receive benefits such as medical care and pensions
Notables
bull Open shop ndash a workplace where employees were not required to join a union
bull In 1920 Westinghouse Company broadcast one of the first public broadcast in history
bull 1926 National Broadcasting Company (NBC) established a permanent network of stations to distribute daily programs
bull 1928 Columbia Broadcasting System (CBS) assembled a coast-to-coast network of stations
Slides
bull Some of the slides used came from a internet site Please be aware that I am using them for educational purposes and they may not be usable due to copyright laws
Harlem Renaissancebull Writers
ndash Langston Hughes (Poet)ndash Zora Neale Hurston (Writer)
bull Famous Jazz Musiciansndash ldquoDukerdquo Ellington ndash Louis Armstrong ndash Bessie Smith
bull Cotton Club famous Jazz Club in Harlemndash Blacks usually denied admission
Black Nationalism
bull Pan-Africanism aimed to unite people of African descent worldwide
bull Marcus Garvey
Universal Negro Improvement Associationndash Aims African-American
economic independence amp a Black homeland in Africa
bull Marcus Garvey (Jamaican born immigrant) established the Universal Negro Improvement Association
bull believed in Black pride
bull advocated racial segregation bc of Black superiority
bull Garvey believed Blacks should return to Africa
bull he purchased a ship to start the Black Star line
bull attracted many investments govt charged him with wfraud
bull he was found guilty and eventually deported to Jamaica but his organization continued to exist
CelebritiesBabe Ruth ampTy Cobb
Jack Dempsey
Charles Lindbergh
The Spirit of St Louis
Notables
bull Charles Lindbergh ndash first to fly across the Atlantic
bull Babe Ruth ndash may be the best known baseball player
bull Henry Ford ndash the assembly line his most important invention also developed the Model T ford
bull Welfare capitalism ndash Companies allowed workers to buy stock participate in profit sharing and receive benefits such as medical care and pensions
Notables
bull Open shop ndash a workplace where employees were not required to join a union
bull In 1920 Westinghouse Company broadcast one of the first public broadcast in history
bull 1926 National Broadcasting Company (NBC) established a permanent network of stations to distribute daily programs
bull 1928 Columbia Broadcasting System (CBS) assembled a coast-to-coast network of stations
Slides
bull Some of the slides used came from a internet site Please be aware that I am using them for educational purposes and they may not be usable due to copyright laws
Black Nationalism
bull Pan-Africanism aimed to unite people of African descent worldwide
bull Marcus Garvey
Universal Negro Improvement Associationndash Aims African-American
economic independence amp a Black homeland in Africa
bull Marcus Garvey (Jamaican born immigrant) established the Universal Negro Improvement Association
bull believed in Black pride
bull advocated racial segregation bc of Black superiority
bull Garvey believed Blacks should return to Africa
bull he purchased a ship to start the Black Star line
bull attracted many investments govt charged him with wfraud
bull he was found guilty and eventually deported to Jamaica but his organization continued to exist
CelebritiesBabe Ruth ampTy Cobb
Jack Dempsey
Charles Lindbergh
The Spirit of St Louis
Notables
bull Charles Lindbergh ndash first to fly across the Atlantic
bull Babe Ruth ndash may be the best known baseball player
bull Henry Ford ndash the assembly line his most important invention also developed the Model T ford
bull Welfare capitalism ndash Companies allowed workers to buy stock participate in profit sharing and receive benefits such as medical care and pensions
Notables
bull Open shop ndash a workplace where employees were not required to join a union
bull In 1920 Westinghouse Company broadcast one of the first public broadcast in history
bull 1926 National Broadcasting Company (NBC) established a permanent network of stations to distribute daily programs
bull 1928 Columbia Broadcasting System (CBS) assembled a coast-to-coast network of stations
Slides
bull Some of the slides used came from a internet site Please be aware that I am using them for educational purposes and they may not be usable due to copyright laws
bull Marcus Garvey (Jamaican born immigrant) established the Universal Negro Improvement Association
bull believed in Black pride
bull advocated racial segregation bc of Black superiority
bull Garvey believed Blacks should return to Africa
bull he purchased a ship to start the Black Star line
bull attracted many investments govt charged him with wfraud
bull he was found guilty and eventually deported to Jamaica but his organization continued to exist
CelebritiesBabe Ruth ampTy Cobb
Jack Dempsey
Charles Lindbergh
The Spirit of St Louis
Notables
bull Charles Lindbergh ndash first to fly across the Atlantic
bull Babe Ruth ndash may be the best known baseball player
bull Henry Ford ndash the assembly line his most important invention also developed the Model T ford
bull Welfare capitalism ndash Companies allowed workers to buy stock participate in profit sharing and receive benefits such as medical care and pensions
Notables
bull Open shop ndash a workplace where employees were not required to join a union
bull In 1920 Westinghouse Company broadcast one of the first public broadcast in history
bull 1926 National Broadcasting Company (NBC) established a permanent network of stations to distribute daily programs
bull 1928 Columbia Broadcasting System (CBS) assembled a coast-to-coast network of stations
Slides
bull Some of the slides used came from a internet site Please be aware that I am using them for educational purposes and they may not be usable due to copyright laws
CelebritiesBabe Ruth ampTy Cobb
Jack Dempsey
Charles Lindbergh
The Spirit of St Louis
Notables
bull Charles Lindbergh ndash first to fly across the Atlantic
bull Babe Ruth ndash may be the best known baseball player
bull Henry Ford ndash the assembly line his most important invention also developed the Model T ford
bull Welfare capitalism ndash Companies allowed workers to buy stock participate in profit sharing and receive benefits such as medical care and pensions
Notables
bull Open shop ndash a workplace where employees were not required to join a union
bull In 1920 Westinghouse Company broadcast one of the first public broadcast in history
bull 1926 National Broadcasting Company (NBC) established a permanent network of stations to distribute daily programs
bull 1928 Columbia Broadcasting System (CBS) assembled a coast-to-coast network of stations
Slides
bull Some of the slides used came from a internet site Please be aware that I am using them for educational purposes and they may not be usable due to copyright laws
Notables
bull Charles Lindbergh ndash first to fly across the Atlantic
bull Babe Ruth ndash may be the best known baseball player
bull Henry Ford ndash the assembly line his most important invention also developed the Model T ford
bull Welfare capitalism ndash Companies allowed workers to buy stock participate in profit sharing and receive benefits such as medical care and pensions
Notables
bull Open shop ndash a workplace where employees were not required to join a union
bull In 1920 Westinghouse Company broadcast one of the first public broadcast in history
bull 1926 National Broadcasting Company (NBC) established a permanent network of stations to distribute daily programs
bull 1928 Columbia Broadcasting System (CBS) assembled a coast-to-coast network of stations
Slides
bull Some of the slides used came from a internet site Please be aware that I am using them for educational purposes and they may not be usable due to copyright laws
Notables
bull Open shop ndash a workplace where employees were not required to join a union
bull In 1920 Westinghouse Company broadcast one of the first public broadcast in history
bull 1926 National Broadcasting Company (NBC) established a permanent network of stations to distribute daily programs
bull 1928 Columbia Broadcasting System (CBS) assembled a coast-to-coast network of stations
Slides
bull Some of the slides used came from a internet site Please be aware that I am using them for educational purposes and they may not be usable due to copyright laws
Slides
bull Some of the slides used came from a internet site Please be aware that I am using them for educational purposes and they may not be usable due to copyright laws