road safety : scenario & initiatives• hill road manual (irc: sp: 48-1998) • guidelines for the...

Road Safety : Scenario & Initiatives

R.K. SinghChief Engineer, LMRC

Present Scenario- India

2

Min

istry

of U

rban

Dev

elop

men

t (M

oUD)

, Ind

ia

Urban Scenario

Urban population is increasing at a rapid rate, so is the gapbetween demand and supply of urban services• No of census towns has increased by 185% whereas the number of statutory towns has increase by 6.37%• This shows no of rural settlements has attained urban characteristics

Urban population likely to increase from present 377 million to 600 million by 2030 &900 million by 2050

3

Population Pressure on smaller Cities-more pronounced than Bigger ones

4

Min

istry

of U

rban

Dev

elop

men

t (M

oUD)

, Ind

ia

Motor Vehicle Scenario

• From 2001 to 2015, the annual growth of population 3%, but motor vehicles increased by almost 10%

• Energy Consumption by transport sector –80 Million Tons of Oil Equivalent (Mtoe)/ year

5

Non Motorized ScenarioTravel mode share (%) vs. different city size (population in millions)

Trends in changing modal share for NMT in 1980s, 1990s, 2000s;

• The travel trends of past three decades show sharp decline in bicycle trips and rise in two wheeler and car trips.

• People using public transport, bicycles and walking are mostly captive users. • Given the existing transport service status these people aspire to own a

personal mode like two wheeler or car to ensure reliable and comfortable commute.

Source: (http://www.sutp.org/files/contents/documents/resources/E_Fact-Sheets-and-Policy-Briefs/GIZ_SUTP_FS_Non-Motorised-Transport-Policy-in-India_EN.pdf)

Predominant Barriers for Potential Users40% safety, 40% road

0.00

10.00

20.00

30.00

40.00

PREFERENCES OF CYCLISTS & POTENTIAL CYCLISTS WHILE CYCLING

CYCLISTS

POT CYCLISTS

0.00

20.00

40.00

PREFERENCE GIVEN BY CYCLISTS & POTENTIAL CYCLISTS TO IMPROVE SAFETY WHILE CYCLING

CYCLISTS

POTENTIAL CYCLISTS

Chart3


CYCLISTSPHYSICAL SAFETYSOCIAL SECURITYSAFE-INTERSECTION CROSSINGREMOVING BARRIERS ON ROADS29.74358974358974528.93772893772894222.16117216117216119.157509157509161POT CYCLISTSPHYSICAL SAFETYSOCIAL SECURITYSAFE-INTERSECTION CROSSINGREMOVING BARRIERS ON ROADS30.9849219645533928.30438232960056421.70002645269376619.01066925315228

Sheet1

POT

MALE668

FEMAE466

1134

POTCYCPOTENTIAL CYCLISTSCYCLISTS

MALE668169837MALE58.9161.90

FEMAE466104570FEMALE41.0938.10

11342731407100.00100.001134

273

1407

FEMALE POTENTIAL CYCLISTSFEMALE CYCLISTSMALE CYCLISTSMALE POTENTIAL CYCLISTSFEMALE POTENTIAL CYCLISTSMALE CYCLISTSFEMALE CYCLISTS

ILLITERATE18231.353.861.781.92

LITERATE19374.194.084.142.88

PRIMARY109375621.2623.3933.1435.58

MIDDLE109273016.3223.3917.7525.96

SEC/HIGHER SEC138244235.6329.6124.8523.08

GRADUATE5682717.5112.0215.987.69

POST GRADUATE/DIPLOMA14342.403.002.372.88

OTHERS3001.350.640.000.00

466104169100.00100.00100.00100.00

MALE POT CYCLISTS

ILLITERATE9

LITERATE28

PRIMARY142

MIDDLE109

SEC/HIGHER SEC238

GRADUATE117

POST GRADUATE/DIPLOMA16

OTHERS9

668

ORDER OF IMPORTANCE FOR DIFFERENT FACTORS WHILE CYCLING ON ROADS

CYCLISTSNO BUSESLOW SPEEDLES CARSDEDI

98392943763915642168

107321822464814436108

31627114211923852104

373726266767143143

812790605523

POT CYC

293117223794827911163251300

257771319957277831281843

247494303606359718225450

337337275275219219303303

2774278628842896


NO BUSES IN CURB LANELOW SPEED OF MOTORISED VEHICLESLESSER CARS & TWO WHEELERSDEDICATED/SEGREGATED BICYCLE TRACKS

CYCLISTS81229.7479028.9460522.1652319.162730

POTENTIAL CYCLISTS277424.46278624.57288425.43289625.5411340

358654.2056708723357653.5056301723348947.5932709266341914070

Q 18PSSCSICRB

POT CYC4001600411153170

543276160156

94291548200

97156273608

CYC

PS400160054316299418897979839210732131623737

SC41116442768282915821561569437682246711422626

SIC153612160480548109627327339156481441192386767

RB170680156468200400608608421683610852104143143

1092819546273

POT CYC16001644612680392376156168

1629828480468321246144108

188582109640062142238104

97156273608372667143

3514321024612156812790605523


PHYSICAL SAFETYSOCIAL SECURITYSAFE-INTERSECTION CROSSINGREMOVING BARRIERS ON ROADS

CYCLISTS81229.7479028.9460522.1652319.162730

POT CYCLISTS351430.98321028.30246121.70215619.0111341

432640003066267914071

Q 20CYC

PW7831262186671346666312228348204

PV5722878234881765050186234162240

PPQ873485416274148585813417614886

G/S51204802404386999966505899

698688716629

POT CYC

3201280322966254508238238128011041268880

2761104327981257514274274966981690768

3171268230690376752211211508514752494

220880256768247494411411238274211411

2992287329212553

PEDESTRAINS ON THE WAYPARKED VEHICLESPOOR PAVEMENT QUALITYGRADIENTS/SLOPES

CYCLISTS698688716629

POT. CYCLISTS2992287329212553

Q 21POT CYC

CR-S322128831795120440829129112881376948924

CR-US3441376291873264528235235951873831747

R237948277831412824208208408528824508

U231924249747254508400400291235208400

2938301228112579

CYC6425692276611225656256372272192

933728124345905454276243153147

6827251153104208505012290208126

481924914763126113113565450113

710759683578

CROSSINGS(SIGNALIZED)CROSSINGS(UNSIGNALIZED)ROUNDABOUTSUNCONTROLLED MOTORIZED TRAFFIC ENTRY/EXITS


POT. CYCLISTS2938301228112579

Q 22CYC

FL8534069207561126363340248332172

IN6224898294611225252207294159159

L8333253159901804747112122180132

OBP431725315966132111111635247111

722716718574

POT C36514603441032176352249249146011161136820

2791116353105926152224124110321059666645

2841136222666425850203203352522850544

205820215645272544440440249241203440

3093293828552449

FORMAL LAND USE ASPECTSINFORMAL LU SECTORSLIGHTINGOTHER BICYCLISTS & PEDESTRAINS


POT. CYCLISTS3093293828552449

Q 24RESIDENTIALRESI & COMMCOMMRESI,COMM+INDUSTRIALVACANT/LOW GREEN/LOW POP DENSITYNO PERCEIVED EFFECT

CYCLISTS2073684180273

POT. CYCLISTS90810015109741134

1115136231411541407

RESIDENTIALRESI & COMMCOMMRESI,COMM&INDUSTRIALVACANT/LOW GREEN/LOW POP DENSITYNO PERCEIVED EFFECT

CYCLISTS75.8213.192.931.476.590.00100.00

POT. CYCLISTS80.078.821.320.888.550.35100.00

OCCP

6624.1839835.10

196.96938.20

114.03625.47

238.4223320.55

51.83151.32

14252.0130026.46

51.83100.88

20.73232.03

27311341407

CYCLISTSPOT. CYCLISTS

OCCUPATION

FULL-TIME24.1835.10

PART TIME6.968.20

RETIRED4.035.47

HOME-MAKER8.4220.55

UNEMPLOYED1.831.32

STUDENT52.0126.46

PART TIME STUDENT1.830.88

OTHERS0.732.03

WPCP

31.10161.41

93.30494.32

217.6914012.35

217.6913411.82

279.8917415.34

93.30211.85

14553.1133429.45

3813.9226623.46

27311341407

WORKPLCECYCLISTSPOT. CYCLISTS

HAWKER/VENDOR1.101.41

FACTORY3.304.32

SHOP/COMMUNITY7.6912.35

HOUSE7.6911.82

OFFICE9.8915.34

ROADSIDE/INFORMAL3.301.85

SCHOOL/COLLEGE53.1129.45

OTHER13.9223.46

MEANS CP

145.1313111.55

5520.1560.53

8932.6075966.93

20.73232.03

10839.5620718.25

51.8380.71

27311341407


AUTO/TAXI/VAN5.1311.55

BICYCLE20.150.53

SCOOTER/MOTOR-CYCLE32.6066.93

CAR0.732.03

PUBLIC TRANSPORT39.5618.25

OTHER VEHICLES(WALK)1.830.71

HOUSEHOLD INCOMECYCLISTSPOT. CYCLISTS

1000 TO 300044127

3001 TO 6000171639

6001 TO 900051303

ABOVE 9000765

27311341407

CYCLISTSPOTENTIAL

00.00453.97

25994.87100.88

20.7326623.46

00.00100.88

31.1050144.18

93.3030226.63

2731134

CYCLISTSPOTENTIAL CYCLISTS

AUTO/TAXI/VAN0.04.0

BICYCLE94.90.9


CAR0.00.9




0 TO 17025.6430126.54

1.01 TO 26323.0815813.93

2.01 TO 35921.6117115.08

3.01 TO 42810.2612611.11

4.01 TO 5217.6915813.93

ABOVE 53211.7222019.40

2731134


0 TO 125.6426.54

1.01 TO 223.0813.93

2.01 TO 321.6115.08

3.01 TO 410.2611.11

4.01 TO 57.6913.93

ABOVE 511.7219.40

CP

NO TRIP COST20976.5631227.51

1 TO 5134.7625722.66

6 TO 103211.7228224.87

11 TO 1531.10524.59

16 TO 2031.10615.38

ABOVE 20134.7617014.99

2731134


NO TRIP COST76.5627.51

1 TO 54.7622.66

6 TO 1011.7224.87

11 TO 151.104.59

16 TO 201.105.38

ABOVE 204.7614.99

CP

16122.3436131.83

211140.6625422.40

331.1020.18

43713.5518616.40

5103.66302.65

610.3790.79

85018.3229225.75

2731134


WORK22.3431.83

EDUCATION40.6622.40

TUTION1.100.18

SHOPPING13.5516.40

RECREATIONAL/SOCIAL3.662.65

AMENITIES LIKE P.O.,BANK0.370.79

OTHERS18.3225.75

CP

0 TO 53312.0919917.55

103512.821039.08

155219.0516214.29

206122.3418516.31

25124.40978.55

305720.8820618.17

ABOVE 30238.4218216.05

2731134


0 TO 512.0917.55

6 TO 1012.829.08

11 TO 1519.0514.29

16 TO 2022.3416.31

21 TO 254.408.55

26 TO 3020.8818.17

ABOVE 308.4216.05

CP

Y20173.6382472.6631393298

N7226.3731027.3368606702

2731134

CYCLISTSNON-CYCLISTS

YES73.6372.66

NO26.3727.34

CP

Y16460.07326007336752.380952381

N10939.92673992674591.619047619

2731134


YES60.072.38

NO39.931.62

CP

16824.908424908426923.721340388

213549.450549450554748.2363315697

3103.663003663675.9082892416

4217.6923076923907.9365079365

53111.355311355314712.962962963

882.9304029304141.2345679012

2731134


INSIDE BOUNDARY IN OPEN24.9123.72

INSIDE HOUSE DOORS49.4548.24

GARAGE3.665.91

IN COMMON PARKING(GUARDED)7.697.94

COMMON PARKING IN LOCALITY11.3612.96

OTHERS2.931.23

CP

020273.992673992782472.6631393298

162.1978021978272.380952381

23613.186813186816514.5502645503

320.7326007326151.3227513228

4165.8608058608786.8783068783

541.4652014652141.2345679012

872.5641025641110.9700176367

2731134


TAKES SHORTEST ROUTE73.9972.66

ROADS CLOSED2.202.38

ONE WAY13.1914.55

DIFFICULTY IN CROSSING INTERSECTIONS0.731.32

BAD ROADS5.866.88

FEAR OF ACCIDENTS FROM OTHER VEHICLES1.471.23

OTHER2.560.97

CP

DOES NOT WALK5821.245421245415113.315696649

1 TO 50010.0881834215

6 TO 106423.443223443222519.8412698413

11 TO 158832.234432234431227.5132275132

16 TO 205018.31501831538333.7742504409

21 TO 2510.3663003663242.1164021164

26 TO 30103.663003663292.557319224

ABOVE 3020.732600732690.7936507937

2731134

CYCLISTSNON CYCLISTS

DOES NOT WALK21.2513.32

1 TO 50.000.09

6 TO 1023.4419.84

11 TO 1532.2327.51

16 TO 2018.3233.77

21 TO 250.372.12

26 TO 303.662.56

ABOVE 300.730.79

CP

DOES NOT WALK4215.384615384615113.315696649

1 TO 50010.0881834215

6 TO 106222.710622710622519.8412698413

11 TO 158129.670329670331227.5132275132

16 TO 206122.344322344338333.7742504409

21 TO 25155.4945054945242.1164021164

26 TO 3082.9304029304292.557319224

ABOVE 3041.465201465290.7936507937

2731134100



1 TO 50.000.09

6 TO 1022.7119.84

11 TO 1529.6727.51

16 TO 2022.3433.77

21 TO 255.492.12

26 TO 302.932.56

ABOVE 301.470.79

CP

DOES NOT WALK5419.780219780224021.164021164

1 TO 50030.2645502646

6 TO 109635.164835164832428.5714285714

11 TO 158430.769230769233529.5414462081

16 TO 20279.890109890120117.7248677249

21 TO 2551.8315018315282.4691358025

26 TO 3062.197802197810.0881834215

ABOVE 3010.366300366320.176366843

2731134



1 TO 50.000.26

6 TO 1035.1628.57

11 TO 1530.7729.54

16 TO 209.8917.72

21 TO 251.832.47

26 TO 302.200.09

ABOVE 300.370.18

CP

15620.512820512826423.2804232804

24215.384615384622519.8412698413

3186.5934065934766.7019400353

441.4652014652403.5273368607

59133.333333333334029.9823633157

64115.018315018317715.6084656085

710.3663003663121.0582010582

8207.32600732600

2731134


NO SPACE ON ROADS20.5123.28


NOT SOCIALLY ACCEPTABLE6.596.70

NO BICYCLE1.473.53


BAD ROADS15.0215.61

OTHERS0.371.06

USE EVERYWHERE7.330.00

CP



GARAGE0000



OTHERS11943.589743589748242.5044091711

2731134




GARAGE0.000.00



OTHERS43.5942.50

CP



GARAGE10.366300366340.3527336861



OTHERS14452.747252747338934.30335097

2731134




GARAGE0.370.35



OTHERS52.7534.30

PC



GARAGE0031.0989010989



OTHERS48242.50440917119936.2637362637

1134273




GARAGE1.100.00



OTHERS36.2642.50




GARAGE41.4652014652363.1746031746



OTHERS15757.509157509246741.1816578483

2731134




GARAGE1.46520146523.1746031746



OTHERS57.509157509241.1816578483




GARAGE82.9304029304262.2927689594



OTHERS13750.183150183239434.7442680776

2731134




GARAGE2.93040293042.2927689594



OTHERS50.183150183234.7442680776




GARAGE10.3663003663181.5873015873



OTHERS15054.945054945163555.9964726631

2731134




GARAGE0.371.59



OTHERS54.9556.00

COMPARISON OF EDUCATION LEVEL OF CYCLISTS & POTENTIAL CYCLISTS

MALE POTENTIAL CYCLISTSILLITERATELITERATEPRIMARYMIDDLESEC/HIGHER SECGRADUATEPOST GRADUATE/DIPLOMAOTHERS1.3473053892215574.191616766467065621.25748502994012116.31736526946107835.62874251497005717.5149700598802382.39520958083832361.347305389221557FEMALE POTENTIAL CYCLISTSILLITERATELITERATEPRIMARYMIDDLESEC/HIGHER SECGRADUATEPOST GRADUATE/DIPLOMAOTHERS3.86266094420600894.077253218884120423.39055793991416423.39055793991416429.61373390557939812.0171673819742483.00429184549356210.64377682403433478MALE CYCLISTSILLITERATELITERATEPRIMARYMIDDLESEC/HIGHER SECGRADUATEPOST GRADUATE/DIPLOMAOTHERS1.77514792899408284.142011834319527433.13609467455621917.75147928994082824.85207100591716115.9763313609467462.36686390532544390FEMALE CYCLISTSILLITERATELITERATEPRIMARYMIDDLESEC/HIGHER SECGRADUATEPOST GRADUATE/DIPLOMAOTHERS1.92307692307692312.884615384615384635.5769230769230825.96153846153846323.0769230769230777.69230769230769252.88461538461538460

HOUSEHOLD INCOME (Rs) OF CYCLISTS & POT. CYCLISTS

CYCLISTS1000 TO 30003001 TO 60006001 TO 9000ABOVE 900044171517POT. CYCLISTS1000 TO 30003001 TO 60006001 TO 9000ABOVE 900012763930365

MODES USED BY CYCLISTS & POTENTIAL CYCLISTS ON LAST WORKING DAY

CYCLISTSAUTO/TAXI/VANBICYCLESCOOTER/MOTOR-CYCLECARPUBLIC TRANSPORTOTHER VEHICLES(WALK)094.8717948717948620.7326007326007325501.0989010989010993.296703296703297POTENTIAL CYCLISTSAUTO/TAXI/VANBICYCLESCOOTER/MOTOR-CYCLECARPUBLIC TRANSPORTOTHER VEHICLES(WALK)3.96825396825396790.8818342151675484523.4567901234567880.8818342151675484544.17989417989417726.631393298059962

DISTANCE (km) TRAVELLED ON LAST WORKING DAY

CYCLISTS0 TO 11.01 TO 22.01 TO 33.01 TO 44.01 TO 5ABOVE 525.64102564102563923.07692307692307721.61172161172161310.2564102564102557.692307692307692511.721611721611721POTENTIAL CYCLISTS0 TO 11.01 TO 22.01 TO 33.01 TO 44.01 TO 5ABOVE 526.54320987654321213.93298059964726615.07936507936507911.11111111111111113.93298059964726619.400352733686066

TRIP COST (Rs) ON LAST WORKING DAY

CYCLISTSNO TRIP COST1 TO 56 TO 1011 TO 1516 TO 20ABOVE 2076.5567765567765554.761904761904761911.7216117216117211.0989010989010991.0989010989010994.7619047619047619POT. CYCLISTSNO TRIP COST1 TO 56 TO 1011 TO 1516 TO 20ABOVE 2027.51322751322751322.66313932980599724.8677248677248674.58553791887125155.379188712522045914.991181657848324

PURPOSE OF TRIP ON LAST WORKING DAY

CYCLISTSWORKEDUCATIONTUTIONSHOPPINGRECREATIONAL/SOCIALAMENITIES LIKE P.O.,BANKOTHERS22.34432234432234740.6593406593406571.09890109890109913.5531135531135533.66300366300366330.3663003663003662818.315018315018314POT. CYCLISTSWORKEDUCATIONTUTIONSHOPPINGRECREATIONAL/SOCIALAMENITIES LIKE P.O.,BANKOTHERS31.83421516754850322.3985890652557310.1763668430335096916.4021164021164022.64550264550264560.7936507936507936125.749559082892414

TRAVEL TIME OF THE TRIP (min)

CYCLISTS0 TO 56 TO 1011 TO 1516 TO 2021 TO 2526 TO 30ABOVE 3012.08791208791208812.82051282051281919.04761904761904722.3443223443223474.39560439560439620.879120879120888.4249084249084252POT. CYCLISTS0 TO 56 TO 1011 TO 1516 TO 2021 TO 2526 TO 30ABOVE 3017.5485008818342159.082892416225748314.28571428571428516.3139329805996458.553791887125219918.16578483245149716.049382716049383

SHARE OF CYCLISTS & NON-CYCLISTS TAKING THE SHORTEST ROUTE

CYCLISTSYESNO73.62637362637363572.663139329805986NON-CYCLISTSYESNO26.37362637362637627.336860670194003

SECURE PARKING FACILITY AT HOME

CYCLISTSYESNO60.0732600732600732.3809523809523809POT. CYCLISTSYESNO39.9267399267399271.6190476190476191

PARKING PLACE AT HOME

CYCLISTSINSIDE BOUNDARY IN OPENINSIDE HOUSE DOORSGARAGEIN COMMON PARKING(GUARDED)COMMON PARKING IN LOCALITYOTHERS24.90842490842490949.4505494505494533.66300366300366337.692307692307692511.3553113553113562.9304029304029302POT. CYCLISTSINSIDE BOUNDARY IN OPENINSIDE HOUSE DOORSGARAGEIN COMMON PARKING(GUARDED)COMMON PARKING IN LOCALITYOTHERS23.72134038800705448.2363315696649055.90828924162257437.936507936507935812.9629629629629621.2345679012345678

REASONS FOR NOT TAKING THE SHORTEST ROUTE

CYCLISTSTAKES SHORTEST ROUTEROADS CLOSEDONE WAYDIFFICULTY IN CROSSING INTERSECTIONSBAD ROADSFEAR OF ACCIDENTS FROM OTHER VEHICLESOTHER73.9926739926742.19780219780219813.1868131868131880.732600732600732555.86080586080586041.46520146520146512.5641025641025639POT. CYCLISTSTAKES SHORTEST ROUTEROADS CLOSEDONE WAYDIFFICULTY IN CROSSING INTERSECTIONSBAD ROADSFEAR OF ACCIDENTS FROM OTHER VEHICLESOTHER72.6631393298059862.380952380952380914.5502645502645491.32275132275132286.87830687830687811.23456790123456780.9700176366843033

PERCENTAGE SHARE OF CYCLISTS & POTENTIAL CYCLISTS

POTENTIAL CYCLISTSMALEFEMALE58.90652557319223361.904761904761905CYCLISTSMALEFEMALE41.09347442680775938.095238095238095

TRAVEL TIME (min) BY WALK TO GROCERY

CYCLISTSDOES NOT WALK1 TO 56 TO 1011 TO 1516 TO 2021 TO 2526 TO 30ABOVE 3021.245421245421245023.44322344322344232.23443223443223418.3150183150183140.366300366300366283.66300366300366330.73260073260073255NON CYCLISTSDOES NOT WALK1 TO 56 TO 1011 TO 1516 TO 2021 TO 2526 TO 30ABOVE 3013.3156966490299818.8183421516754845E-219.84126984126984227.51322751322751333.7742504409171082.11640211640211632.55731922398589040.79365079365079361

TRAVEL TIME(min) FOR RECREATIONAL/SOCIAL ACTIVITIES

CYCLISTSDOES NOT WALK1 TO 56 TO 1011 TO 1516 TO 2021 TO 2526 TO 30ABOVE 3015.384615384615385022.71062271062271229.67032967032967222.3443223443223475.49450549450549452.93040293040293021.4652014652014651POT. CYCLISTSDOES NOT WALK1 TO 56 TO 1011 TO 1516 TO 2021 TO 2526 TO 30ABOVE 3013.3156966490299818.8183421516754845E-219.84126984126984227.51322751322751333.7742504409171082.11640211640211632.55731922398589040.79365079365079361

TRAVEL TIME(min) BY WALK TO TUTION

CYCLISTSDOES NOT WALK1 TO 56 TO 1011 TO 1516 TO 2021 TO 2526 TO 30ABOVE 3019.780219780219781035.16483516483516830.769230769230779.89010989010989051.83150183150183172.1978021978021980.36630036630036628POT. CYCLISTSDOES NOT WALK1 TO 56 TO 1011 TO 1516 TO 2021 TO 2526 TO 30ABOVE 3021.1640211640211650.2645502645502645428.57142857142856929.54144620811287717.7248677248677252.46913580246913578.8183421516754845E-20.17636684303350969

REASONS FOR NOT USING BICYCLE

CYCLISTSNO SPACE ON ROADSDIFFICULTY IN CROSSING INTERSECTIONSNOT SOCIALLY ACCEPTABLENO BICYCLEFEAR OF ACCIDENTS FROM OTHER VEHICLESBAD ROADSOTHERSUSE EVERYWHERE20.51282051282051115.3846153846153856.5934065934065941.465201465201465133.33333333333332915.0183150183150180.366300366300366287.3260073260073266POT. CYCLISTSNO SPACE ON ROADSDIFFICULTY IN CROSSING INTERSECTIONSNOT SOCIALLY ACCEPTABLENO BICYCLEFEAR OF ACCIDENTS FROM OTHER VEHICLESBAD ROADSOTHERSUSE EVERYWHERE23.28042328042327819.8412698412698426.70194003527336873.527336860670193829.98236331569664915.6084656084656071.05820105820105810

SECURE PARKING FACILITY AT SCHOOL/COLLEGE

CYCLISTSINSIDE BOUNDARY IN OPENINSIDE HOUSE DOORSGARAGEIN COMMON PARKING(GUARDED)COMMON PARKING IN LOCALITYOTHERS11.7216117216117210.36630036630036628035.1648351648351689.157509157509156943.589743589743591POT. CYCLISTSINSIDE BOUNDARY IN OPENINSIDE HOUSE DOORSGARAGEIN COMMON PARKING(GUARDED)COMMON PARKING IN LOCALITYOTHERS14.8148148148148130.61728395061728392033.5097001763668428.553791887125219942.504409171075835

SECURE PARKING FACILITY AT WORKPLACE


SECURE PARKING FACILITY AT GROCERY SHOP

CYCLISTSINSIDE BOUNDARY IN OPENINSIDE HOUSE DOORSGARAGEIN COMMON PARKING(GUARDED)COMMON PARKING IN LOCALITYOTHERS38.8278388278388323.2967032967032971.0989010989010996.959706959706959913.55311355311355336.263736263736263POT. CYCLISTSINSIDE BOUNDARY IN OPENINSIDE HOUSE DOORSGARAGEIN COMMON PARKING(GUARDED)COMMON PARKING IN LOCALITYOTHERS14.8148148148148130.61728395061728392033.5097001763668428.553791887125219942.504409171075835

SECURE PARKING FACILITY AT RECREATION SPOT


SECURE PARKING FACILITY AT SOCIAL/RELIGIOUS PLACE


SECURE PARKING FACILITY AT TUTION


ORDER OF REDUCING BARRIERS TO CYCLING

CYCLISTSPEDESTRAINS ON THE WAYPARKED VEHICLESPOOR PAVEMENT QUALITYGRADIENTS/SLOPES698688716629POT. CYCLISTSPEDESTRAINS ON THE WAYPARKED VEHICLESPOOR PAVEMENT QUALITYGRADIENTS/SLOPES2992287329212553


CYCLISTSNO BUSES IN CURB LANELOW SPEED OF MOTORISED VEHICLESLESSER CARS & TWO WHEELERSDEDICATED/SEGREGATED BICYCLE TRACKS29.74358974358974528.93772893772894222.16117216117216119.157509157509161POTENTIAL CYCLISTSNO BUSES IN CURB LANELOW SPEED OF MOTORISED VEHICLESLESSER CARS & TWO WHEELERSDEDICATED/SEGREGATED BICYCLE TRACKS24.46208112874779424.56790123456790225.43209876543209825.537918871252202



MOST DANGEROUS POINTS OF CONFLICT WITH MOTORISED VEHICLES

CYCLISTSCROSSINGS(SIGNALIZED)CROSSINGS(UNSIGNALIZED)ROUNDABOUTSUNCONTROLLED MOTORIZED TRAFFIC ENTRY/EXITS710759683578POT. CYCLISTSCROSSINGS(SIGNALIZED)CROSSINGS(UNSIGNALIZED)ROUNDABOUTSUNCONTROLLED MOTORIZED TRAFFIC ENTRY/EXITS2938301228112579

PREFERENCES FOR INDUCING PERCEPTION OF SOCIAL SECURITY

CYCLISTSFORMAL LAND USE ASPECTSINFORMAL LU SECTORSLIGHTINGOTHER BICYCLISTS & PEDESTRAINS722716718574POT. CYCLISTSFORMAL LAND USE ASPECTSINFORMAL LU SECTORSLIGHTINGOTHER BICYCLISTS & PEDESTRAINS3093293828552449

MORE PREFERRED ENVIRONMENT FOR BICYCLING

CYCLISTSRESIDENTIALRESI & COMMCOMMRESI,COMM&INDUSTRIALVACANT/LOW GREEN/LOW POP DENSITYNO PERCEIVED EFFECT75.82417582417582513.1868131868131882.93040293040293021.46520146520146516.5934065934065940POT. CYCLISTSRESIDENTIALRESI & COMMCOMMRESI,COMM&INDUSTRIALVACANT/LOW GREEN/LOW POP DENSITYNO PERCEIVED EFFECT80.0705467372134058.81834215167548411.32275132275132280.881834215167548458.55379188712521990.35273368606701938

OCCUPATION OF CYCLISTS & NON-CYCLISTS

CYCLISTSFULL-TIMEPART TIMERETIREDHOME-MAKERUNEMPLOYEDSTUDENTPART TIME STUDENTOTHERS24.1758241758241756.95970695970695994.02930402930402928.42490842490842521.831501831501831752.0146520146520221.83150183150183170.73260073260073255POT. CYCLISTSFULL-TIMEPART TIMERETIREDHOME-MAKERUNEMPLOYEDSTUDENTPART TIME STUDENTOTHERS35.097001763668438.20105820105820095.467372134038800620.546737213403881.322751322751322826.4550264550264520.881834215167548452.0282186948853616

WORKPLACE OF CYCLISTS & POTENTIAL CYCLISTS

CYCLISTSHAWKER/VENDORFACTORYSHOP/COMMUNITYHOUSEOFFICEROADSIDE/INFORMALSCHOOL/COLLEGEOTHER1.0989010989010993.2967032967032977.69230769230769257.69230769230769259.89010989010989053.29670329670329753.11355311355311713.91941391941392POT. CYCLISTSHAWKER/VENDORFACTORYSHOP/COMMUNITYHOUSEOFFICEROADSIDE/INFORMALSCHOOL/COLLEGEOTHER1.41093474426807754.320987654320987312.34567901234567911.81657848324514915.3439153439153431.851851851851851629.45326278659611723.456790123456788

MEANS OF TRANSPORT AVAILABLE TO CYCLISTS & POTENTIAL CYCLISTS

CYCLISTSAUTO/TAXI/VANBICYCLESCOOTER/MOTOR-CYCLECARPUBLIC TRANSPORTOTHER VEHICLES(WALK)5.128205128205127720.14652014652014632.6007326007325990.7326007326007325539.5604395604395621.8315018315018317POT. CYCLISTSAUTO/TAXI/VANBICYCLESCOOTER/MOTOR-CYCLECARPUBLIC TRANSPORTOTHER VEHICLES(WALK)11.5520282186948840.5291005291005290766.9312169312169372.028218694885361618.2539682539682530.70546737213403876

Sheet2

Sheet3

Chart4



Sheet1

POT

MALE668

FEMAE466

1134

POTCYCPOTENTIAL CYCLISTSCYCLISTS

MALE668169837MALE58.9161.90

FEMAE466104570FEMALE41.0938.10

11342731407100.00100.001134

273

1407

FEMALE POTENTIAL CYCLISTSFEMALE CYCLISTSMALE CYCLISTSMALE POTENTIAL CYCLISTSFEMALE POTENTIAL CYCLISTSMALE CYCLISTSFEMALE CYCLISTS

ILLITERATE18231.353.861.781.92

LITERATE19374.194.084.142.88

PRIMARY109375621.2623.3933.1435.58

MIDDLE109273016.3223.3917.7525.96

SEC/HIGHER SEC138244235.6329.6124.8523.08

GRADUATE5682717.5112.0215.987.69

POST GRADUATE/DIPLOMA14342.403.002.372.88

OTHERS3001.350.640.000.00

466104169100.00100.00100.00100.00

MALE POT CYCLISTS

ILLITERATE9

LITERATE28

PRIMARY142

MIDDLE109

SEC/HIGHER SEC238

GRADUATE117

POST GRADUATE/DIPLOMA16

OTHERS9

668

ORDER OF IMPORTANCE FOR DIFFERENT FACTORS WHILE CYCLING ON ROADS

CYCLISTSNO BUSESLOW SPEEDLES CARSDEDI

98392943763915642168

107321822464814436108

31627114211923852104

373726266767143143

812790605523

POT CYC

293117223794827911163251300

257771319957277831281843

247494303606359718225450

337337275275219219303303

2774278628842896


NO BUSES IN CURB LANELOW SPEED OF MOTORISED VEHICLESLESSER CARS & TWO WHEELERSDEDICATED/SEGREGATED BICYCLE TRACKS

CYCLISTS81229.7479028.9460522.1652319.162730

POTENTIAL CYCLISTS277424.46278624.57288425.43289625.5411340

358654.2056708723357653.5056301723348947.5932709266341914070

Q 18PSSCSICRB

POT CYC4001600411153170

543276160156

94291548200

97156273608

CYC

PS400160054316299418897979839210732131623737

SC41116442768282915821561569437682246711422626

SIC153612160480548109627327339156481441192386767

RB170680156468200400608608421683610852104143143

1092819546273

POT CYC16001644612680392376156168

1629828480468321246144108

188582109640062142238104

97156273608372667143

3514321024612156812790605523


PHYSICAL SAFETYSOCIAL SECURITYSAFE-INTERSECTION CROSSINGREMOVING BARRIERS ON ROADS

CYCLISTS81229.7479028.9460522.1652319.162730

POT CYCLISTS351430.98321028.30246121.70215619.0111341

432640003066267914071

Q 20CYC

PW7831262186671346666312228348204

PV5722878234881765050186234162240

PPQ873485416274148585813417614886

G/S51204802404386999966505899

698688716629

POT CYC

3201280322966254508238238128011041268880

2761104327981257514274274966981690768

3171268230690376752211211508514752494

220880256768247494411411238274211411

2992287329212553

PEDESTRAINS ON THE WAYPARKED VEHICLESPOOR PAVEMENT QUALITYGRADIENTS/SLOPES


POT. CYCLISTS2992287329212553

Q 21POT CYC

CR-S322128831795120440829129112881376948924

CR-US3441376291873264528235235951873831747

R237948277831412824208208408528824508

U231924249747254508400400291235208400

2938301228112579

CYC6425692276611225656256372272192

933728124345905454276243153147

6827251153104208505012290208126

481924914763126113113565450113

710759683578

CROSSINGS(SIGNALIZED)CROSSINGS(UNSIGNALIZED)ROUNDABOUTSUNCONTROLLED MOTORIZED TRAFFIC ENTRY/EXITS


POT. CYCLISTS2938301228112579

Q 22CYC

FL8534069207561126363340248332172

IN6224898294611225252207294159159

L8333253159901804747112122180132

OBP431725315966132111111635247111

722716718574

POT C36514603441032176352249249146011161136820

2791116353105926152224124110321059666645

2841136222666425850203203352522850544

205820215645272544440440249241203440

3093293828552449

FORMAL LAND USE ASPECTSINFORMAL LU SECTORSLIGHTINGOTHER BICYCLISTS & PEDESTRAINS


POT. CYCLISTS3093293828552449

Q 24RESIDENTIALRESI & COMMCOMMRESI,COMM+INDUSTRIALVACANT/LOW GREEN/LOW POP DENSITYNO PERCEIVED EFFECT

CYCLISTS2073684180273

POT. CYCLISTS90810015109741134

1115136231411541407

RESIDENTIALRESI & COMMCOMMRESI,COMM&INDUSTRIALVACANT/LOW GREEN/LOW POP DENSITYNO PERCEIVED EFFECT

CYCLISTS75.8213.192.931.476.590.00100.00

POT. CYCLISTS80.078.821.320.888.550.35100.00

OCCP

6624.1839835.10

196.96938.20

114.03625.47

238.4223320.55

51.83151.32

14252.0130026.46

51.83100.88

20.73232.03

27311341407


OCCUPATION

FULL-TIME24.1835.10

PART TIME6.968.20

RETIRED4.035.47

HOME-MAKER8.4220.55

UNEMPLOYED1.831.32

STUDENT52.0126.46

PART TIME STUDENT1.830.88

OTHERS0.732.03

WPCP

31.10161.41

93.30494.32

217.6914012.35

217.6913411.82

279.8917415.34

93.30211.85

14553.1133429.45

3813.9226623.46

27311341407

WORKPLCECYCLISTSPOT. CYCLISTS

HAWKER/VENDOR1.101.41

FACTORY3.304.32

SHOP/COMMUNITY7.6912.35

HOUSE7.6911.82

OFFICE9.8915.34

ROADSIDE/INFORMAL3.301.85

SCHOOL/COLLEGE53.1129.45

OTHER13.9223.46

MEANS CP

145.1313111.55

5520.1560.53

8932.6075966.93

20.73232.03

10839.5620718.25

51.8380.71

27311341407


AUTO/TAXI/VAN5.1311.55

BICYCLE20.150.53


CAR0.732.03



HOUSEHOLD INCOMECYCLISTSPOT. CYCLISTS

1000 TO 300044127

3001 TO 6000171639

6001 TO 900051303

ABOVE 9000765

27311341407

CYCLISTSPOTENTIAL

00.00453.97

25994.87100.88

20.7326623.46

00.00100.88

31.1050144.18

93.3030226.63

2731134


AUTO/TAXI/VAN0.04.0

BICYCLE94.90.9


CAR0.00.9




0 TO 17025.6430126.54

1.01 TO 26323.0815813.93

2.01 TO 35921.6117115.08

3.01 TO 42810.2612611.11

4.01 TO 5217.6915813.93

ABOVE 53211.7222019.40

2731134


0 TO 125.6426.54

1.01 TO 223.0813.93

2.01 TO 321.6115.08

3.01 TO 410.2611.11

4.01 TO 57.6913.93

ABOVE 511.7219.40

CP

NO TRIP COST20976.5631227.51

1 TO 5134.7625722.66

6 TO 103211.7228224.87

11 TO 1531.10524.59

16 TO 2031.10615.38

ABOVE 20134.7617014.99

2731134


NO TRIP COST76.5627.51

1 TO 54.7622.66

6 TO 1011.7224.87

11 TO 151.104.59

16 TO 201.105.38

ABOVE 204.7614.99

CP

16122.3436131.83

211140.6625422.40

331.1020.18

43713.5518616.40

5103.66302.65

610.3790.79

85018.3229225.75

2731134


WORK22.3431.83

EDUCATION40.6622.40

TUTION1.100.18

SHOPPING13.5516.40

RECREATIONAL/SOCIAL3.662.65

AMENITIES LIKE P.O.,BANK0.370.79

OTHERS18.3225.75

CP

0 TO 53312.0919917.55

103512.821039.08

155219.0516214.29

206122.3418516.31

25124.40978.55

305720.8820618.17

ABOVE 30238.4218216.05

2731134


0 TO 512.0917.55

6 TO 1012.829.08

11 TO 1519.0514.29

16 TO 2022.3416.31

21 TO 254.408.55

26 TO 3020.8818.17

ABOVE 308.4216.05

CP

Y20173.6382472.6631393298

N7226.3731027.3368606702

2731134

CYCLISTSNON-CYCLISTS

YES73.6372.66

NO26.3727.34

CP

Y16460.07326007336752.380952381

N10939.92673992674591.619047619

2731134


YES60.072.38

NO39.931.62

CP

16824.908424908426923.721340388

213549.450549450554748.2363315697

3103.663003663675.9082892416

4217.6923076923907.9365079365

53111.355311355314712.962962963

882.9304029304141.2345679012

2731134




GARAGE3.665.91



OTHERS2.931.23

CP

020273.992673992782472.6631393298

162.1978021978272.380952381

23613.186813186816514.5502645503

320.7326007326151.3227513228

4165.8608058608786.8783068783

541.4652014652141.2345679012

872.5641025641110.9700176367

2731134


TAKES SHORTEST ROUTE73.9972.66

ROADS CLOSED2.202.38

ONE WAY13.1914.55


BAD ROADS5.866.88


OTHER2.560.97

CP

DOES NOT WALK5821.245421245415113.315696649

1 TO 50010.0881834215

6 TO 106423.443223443222519.8412698413

11 TO 158832.234432234431227.5132275132

16 TO 205018.31501831538333.7742504409

21 TO 2510.3663003663242.1164021164

26 TO 30103.663003663292.557319224

ABOVE 3020.732600732690.7936507937

2731134

CYCLISTSNON CYCLISTS


1 TO 50.000.09

6 TO 1023.4419.84

11 TO 1532.2327.51

16 TO 2018.3233.77

21 TO 250.372.12

26 TO 303.662.56

ABOVE 300.730.79

CP

DOES NOT WALK4215.384615384615113.315696649

1 TO 50010.0881834215

6 TO 106222.710622710622519.8412698413

11 TO 158129.670329670331227.5132275132

16 TO 206122.344322344338333.7742504409

21 TO 25155.4945054945242.1164021164

26 TO 3082.9304029304292.557319224

ABOVE 3041.465201465290.7936507937

2731134100



1 TO 50.000.09

6 TO 1022.7119.84

11 TO 1529.6727.51

16 TO 2022.3433.77

21 TO 255.492.12

26 TO 302.932.56

ABOVE 301.470.79

CP

DOES NOT WALK5419.780219780224021.164021164

1 TO 50030.2645502646

6 TO 109635.164835164832428.5714285714

11 TO 158430.769230769233529.5414462081

16 TO 20279.890109890120117.7248677249

21 TO 2551.8315018315282.4691358025

26 TO 3062.197802197810.0881834215

ABOVE 3010.366300366320.176366843

2731134



1 TO 50.000.26

6 TO 1035.1628.57

11 TO 1530.7729.54

16 TO 209.8917.72

21 TO 251.832.47

26 TO 302.200.09

ABOVE 300.370.18

CP

15620.512820512826423.2804232804

24215.384615384622519.8412698413

3186.5934065934766.7019400353

441.4652014652403.5273368607

59133.333333333334029.9823633157

64115.018315018317715.6084656085

710.3663003663121.0582010582

8207.32600732600

2731134


NO SPACE ON ROADS20.5123.28


NOT SOCIALLY ACCEPTABLE6.596.70

NO BICYCLE1.473.53


BAD ROADS15.0215.61

OTHERS0.371.06

USE EVERYWHERE7.330.00

CP



GARAGE0000



OTHERS11943.589743589748242.5044091711

2731134




GARAGE0.000.00



OTHERS43.5942.50

CP



GARAGE10.366300366340.3527336861



OTHERS14452.747252747338934.30335097

2731134




GARAGE0.370.35



OTHERS52.7534.30

PC



GARAGE0031.0989010989



OTHERS48242.50440917119936.2637362637

1134273




GARAGE1.100.00



OTHERS36.2642.50




GARAGE41.4652014652363.1746031746



OTHERS15757.509157509246741.1816578483

2731134




GARAGE1.46520146523.1746031746



OTHERS57.509157509241.1816578483




GARAGE82.9304029304262.2927689594



OTHERS13750.183150183239434.7442680776

2731134




GARAGE2.93040293042.2927689594



OTHERS50.183150183234.7442680776




GARAGE10.3663003663181.5873015873



OTHERS15054.945054945163555.9964726631

2731134




GARAGE0.371.59



OTHERS54.9556.00

COMPARISON OF EDUCATION LEVEL OF CYCLISTS & POTENTIAL CYCLISTS

MALE POTENTIAL CYCLISTSILLITERATELITERATEPRIMARYMIDDLESEC/HIGHER SECGRADUATEPOST GRADUATE/DIPLOMAOTHERS1.3473053892215574.191616766467065621.25748502994012116.31736526946107835.62874251497005717.5149700598802382.39520958083832361.347305389221557FEMALE POTENTIAL CYCLISTSILLITERATELITERATEPRIMARYMIDDLESEC/HIGHER SECGRADUATEPOST GRADUATE/DIPLOMAOTHERS3.86266094420600894.077253218884120423.39055793991416423.39055793991416429.61373390557939812.0171673819742483.00429184549356210.64377682403433478MALE CYCLISTSILLITERATELITERATEPRIMARYMIDDLESEC/HIGHER SECGRADUATEPOST GRADUATE/DIPLOMAOTHERS1.77514792899408284.142011834319527433.13609467455621917.75147928994082824.85207100591716115.9763313609467462.36686390532544390FEMALE CYCLISTSILLITERATELITERATEPRIMARYMIDDLESEC/HIGHER SECGRADUATEPOST GRADUATE/DIPLOMAOTHERS1.92307692307692312.884615384615384635.5769230769230825.96153846153846323.0769230769230777.69230769230769252.88461538461538460

HOUSEHOLD INCOME (Rs) OF CYCLISTS & POT. CYCLISTS

CYCLISTS1000 TO 30003001 TO 60006001 TO 9000ABOVE 900044171517POT. CYCLISTS1000 TO 30003001 TO 60006001 TO 9000ABOVE 900012763930365

MODES USED BY CYCLISTS & POTENTIAL CYCLISTS ON LAST WORKING DAY

CYCLISTSAUTO/TAXI/VANBICYCLESCOOTER/MOTOR-CYCLECARPUBLIC TRANSPORTOTHER VEHICLES(WALK)094.8717948717948620.7326007326007325501.0989010989010993.296703296703297POTENTIAL CYCLISTSAUTO/TAXI/VANBICYCLESCOOTER/MOTOR-CYCLECARPUBLIC TRANSPORTOTHER VEHICLES(WALK)3.96825396825396790.8818342151675484523.4567901234567880.8818342151675484544.17989417989417726.631393298059962

DISTANCE (km) TRAVELLED ON LAST WORKING DAY

CYCLISTS0 TO 11.01 TO 22.01 TO 33.01 TO 44.01 TO 5ABOVE 525.64102564102563923.07692307692307721.61172161172161310.2564102564102557.692307692307692511.721611721611721POTENTIAL CYCLISTS0 TO 11.01 TO 22.01 TO 33.01 TO 44.01 TO 5ABOVE 526.54320987654321213.93298059964726615.07936507936507911.11111111111111113.93298059964726619.400352733686066

TRIP COST (Rs) ON LAST WORKING DAY

CYCLISTSNO TRIP COST1 TO 56 TO 1011 TO 1516 TO 20ABOVE 2076.5567765567765554.761904761904761911.7216117216117211.0989010989010991.0989010989010994.7619047619047619POT. CYCLISTSNO TRIP COST1 TO 56 TO 1011 TO 1516 TO 20ABOVE 2027.51322751322751322.66313932980599724.8677248677248674.58553791887125155.379188712522045914.991181657848324

PURPOSE OF TRIP ON LAST WORKING DAY

CYCLISTSWORKEDUCATIONTUTIONSHOPPINGRECREATIONAL/SOCIALAMENITIES LIKE P.O.,BANKOTHERS22.34432234432234740.6593406593406571.09890109890109913.5531135531135533.66300366300366330.3663003663003662818.315018315018314POT. CYCLISTSWORKEDUCATIONTUTIONSHOPPINGRECREATIONAL/SOCIALAMENITIES LIKE P.O.,BANKOTHERS31.83421516754850322.3985890652557310.1763668430335096916.4021164021164022.64550264550264560.7936507936507936125.749559082892414

TRAVEL TIME OF THE TRIP (min)

CYCLISTS0 TO 56 TO 1011 TO 1516 TO 2021 TO 2526 TO 30ABOVE 3012.08791208791208812.82051282051281919.04761904761904722.3443223443223474.39560439560439620.879120879120888.4249084249084252POT. CYCLISTS0 TO 56 TO 1011 TO 1516 TO 2021 TO 2526 TO 30ABOVE 3017.5485008818342159.082892416225748314.28571428571428516.3139329805996458.553791887125219918.16578483245149716.049382716049383

SHARE OF CYCLISTS & NON-CYCLISTS TAKING THE SHORTEST ROUTE

CYCLISTSYESNO73.62637362637363572.663139329805986NON-CYCLISTSYESNO26.37362637362637627.336860670194003

SECURE PARKING FACILITY AT HOME

CYCLISTSYESNO60.0732600732600732.3809523809523809POT. CYCLISTSYESNO39.9267399267399271.6190476190476191

PARKING PLACE AT HOME


REASONS FOR NOT TAKING THE SHORTEST ROUTE

CYCLISTSTAKES SHORTEST ROUTEROADS CLOSEDONE WAYDIFFICULTY IN CROSSING INTERSECTIONSBAD ROADSFEAR OF ACCIDENTS FROM OTHER VEHICLESOTHER73.9926739926742.19780219780219813.1868131868131880.732600732600732555.86080586080586041.46520146520146512.5641025641025639POT. CYCLISTSTAKES SHORTEST ROUTEROADS CLOSEDONE WAYDIFFICULTY IN CROSSING INTERSECTIONSBAD ROADSFEAR OF ACCIDENTS FROM OTHER VEHICLESOTHER72.6631393298059862.380952380952380914.5502645502645491.32275132275132286.87830687830687811.23456790123456780.9700176366843033

PERCENTAGE SHARE OF CYCLISTS & POTENTIAL CYCLISTS

POTENTIAL CYCLISTSMALEFEMALE58.90652557319223361.904761904761905CYCLISTSMALEFEMALE41.09347442680775938.095238095238095

TRAVEL TIME (min) BY WALK TO GROCERY

CYCLISTSDOES NOT WALK1 TO 56 TO 1011 TO 1516 TO 2021 TO 2526 TO 30ABOVE 3021.245421245421245023.44322344322344232.23443223443223418.3150183150183140.366300366300366283.66300366300366330.73260073260073255NON CYCLISTSDOES NOT WALK1 TO 56 TO 1011 TO 1516 TO 2021 TO 2526 TO 30ABOVE 3013.3156966490299818.8183421516754845E-219.84126984126984227.51322751322751333.7742504409171082.11640211640211632.55731922398589040.79365079365079361

TRAVEL TIME(min) FOR RECREATIONAL/SOCIAL ACTIVITIES

CYCLISTSDOES NOT WALK1 TO 56 TO 1011 TO 1516 TO 2021 TO 2526 TO 30ABOVE 3015.384615384615385022.71062271062271229.67032967032967222.3443223443223475.49450549450549452.93040293040293021.4652014652014651POT. CYCLISTSDOES NOT WALK1 TO 56 TO 1011 TO 1516 TO 2021 TO 2526 TO 30ABOVE 3013.3156966490299818.8183421516754845E-219.84126984126984227.51322751322751333.7742504409171082.11640211640211632.55731922398589040.79365079365079361

TRAVEL TIME(min) BY WALK TO TUTION

CYCLISTSDOES NOT WALK1 TO 56 TO 1011 TO 1516 TO 2021 TO 2526 TO 30ABOVE 3019.780219780219781035.16483516483516830.769230769230779.89010989010989051.83150183150183172.1978021978021980.36630036630036628POT. CYCLISTSDOES NOT WALK1 TO 56 TO 1011 TO 1516 TO 2021 TO 2526 TO 30ABOVE 3021.1640211640211650.2645502645502645428.57142857142856929.54144620811287717.7248677248677252.46913580246913578.8183421516754845E-20.17636684303350969

REASONS FOR NOT USING BICYCLE

CYCLISTSNO SPACE ON ROADSDIFFICULTY IN CROSSING INTERSECTIONSNOT SOCIALLY ACCEPTABLENO BICYCLEFEAR OF ACCIDENTS FROM OTHER VEHICLESBAD ROADSOTHERSUSE EVERYWHERE20.51282051282051115.3846153846153856.5934065934065941.465201465201465133.33333333333332915.0183150183150180.366300366300366287.3260073260073266POT. CYCLISTSNO SPACE ON ROADSDIFFICULTY IN CROSSING INTERSECTIONSNOT SOCIALLY ACCEPTABLENO BICYCLEFEAR OF ACCIDENTS FROM OTHER VEHICLESBAD ROADSOTHERSUSE EVERYWHERE23.28042328042327819.8412698412698426.70194003527336873.527336860670193829.98236331569664915.6084656084656071.05820105820105810

SECURE PARKING FACILITY AT SCHOOL/COLLEGE

CYCLISTSINSIDE BOUNDARY IN OPENINSIDE HOUSE DOORSGARAGEIN COMMON PARKING(GUARDED)COMMON PARKING IN LOCALITYOTHERS11.7216117216117210.36630036630036628035.1648351648351689.157509157509156943.589743589743591POT. CYCLISTSINSIDE BOUNDARY IN OPENINSIDE HOUSE DOORSGARAGEIN COMMON PARKING(GUARDED)COMMON PARKING IN LOCALITYOTHERS14.8148148148148130.61728395061728392033.5097001763668428.553791887125219942.504409171075835

SECURE PARKING FACILITY AT WORKPLACE


SECURE PARKING FACILITY AT GROCERY SHOP

CYCLISTSINSIDE BOUNDARY IN OPENINSIDE HOUSE DOORSGARAGEIN COMMON PARKING(GUARDED)COMMON PARKING IN LOCALITYOTHERS38.8278388278388323.2967032967032971.0989010989010996.959706959706959913.55311355311355336.263736263736263POT. CYCLISTSINSIDE BOUNDARY IN OPENINSIDE HOUSE DOORSGARAGEIN COMMON PARKING(GUARDED)COMMON PARKING IN LOCALITYOTHERS14.8148148148148130.61728395061728392033.5097001763668428.553791887125219942.504409171075835

SECURE PARKING FACILITY AT RECREATION SPOT


SECURE PARKING FACILITY AT SOCIAL/RELIGIOUS PLACE


SECURE PARKING FACILITY AT TUTION


ORDER OF REDUCING BARRIERS TO CYCLING

CYCLISTSPEDESTRAINS ON THE WAYPARKED VEHICLESPOOR PAVEMENT QUALITYGRADIENTS/SLOPES698688716629POT. CYCLISTSPEDESTRAINS ON THE WAYPARKED VEHICLESPOOR PAVEMENT QUALITYGRADIENTS/SLOPES2992287329212553





MOST DANGEROUS POINTS OF CONFLICT WITH MOTORISED VEHICLES

CYCLISTSCROSSINGS(SIGNALIZED)CROSSINGS(UNSIGNALIZED)ROUNDABOUTSUNCONTROLLED MOTORIZED TRAFFIC ENTRY/EXITS710759683578POT. CYCLISTSCROSSINGS(SIGNALIZED)CROSSINGS(UNSIGNALIZED)ROUNDABOUTSUNCONTROLLED MOTORIZED TRAFFIC ENTRY/EXITS2938301228112579

PREFERENCES FOR INDUCING PERCEPTION OF SOCIAL SECURITY

CYCLISTSFORMAL LAND USE ASPECTSINFORMAL LU SECTORSLIGHTINGOTHER BICYCLISTS & PEDESTRAINS722716718574POT. CYCLISTSFORMAL LAND USE ASPECTSINFORMAL LU SECTORSLIGHTINGOTHER BICYCLISTS & PEDESTRAINS3093293828552449

MORE PREFERRED ENVIRONMENT FOR BICYCLING

CYCLISTSRESIDENTIALRESI & COMMCOMMRESI,COMM&INDUSTRIALVACANT/LOW GREEN/LOW POP DENSITYNO PERCEIVED EFFECT75.82417582417582513.1868131868131882.93040293040293021.46520146520146516.5934065934065940POT. CYCLISTSRESIDENTIALRESI & COMMCOMMRESI,COMM&INDUSTRIALVACANT/LOW GREEN/LOW POP DENSITYNO PERCEIVED EFFECT80.0705467372134058.81834215167548411.32275132275132280.881834215167548458.55379188712521990.35273368606701938

OCCUPATION OF CYCLISTS & NON-CYCLISTS

CYCLISTSFULL-TIMEPART TIMERETIREDHOME-MAKERUNEMPLOYEDSTUDENTPART TIME STUDENTOTHERS24.1758241758241756.95970695970695994.02930402930402928.42490842490842521.831501831501831752.0146520146520221.83150183150183170.73260073260073255POT. CYCLISTSFULL-TIMEPART TIMERETIREDHOME-MAKERUNEMPLOYEDSTUDENTPART TIME STUDENTOTHERS35.097001763668438.20105820105820095.467372134038800620.546737213403881.322751322751322826.4550264550264520.881834215167548452.0282186948853616

WORKPLACE OF CYCLISTS & POTENTIAL CYCLISTS

CYCLISTSHAWKER/VENDORFACTORYSHOP/COMMUNITYHOUSEOFFICEROADSIDE/INFORMALSCHOOL/COLLEGEOTHER1.0989010989010993.2967032967032977.69230769230769257.69230769230769259.89010989010989053.29670329670329753.11355311355311713.91941391941392POT. CYCLISTSHAWKER/VENDORFACTORYSHOP/COMMUNITYHOUSEOFFICEROADSIDE/INFORMALSCHOOL/COLLEGEOTHER1.41093474426807754.320987654320987312.34567901234567911.81657848324514915.3439153439153431.851851851851851629.45326278659611723.456790123456788

MEANS OF TRANSPORT AVAILABLE TO CYCLISTS & POTENTIAL CYCLISTS

CYCLISTSAUTO/TAXI/VANBICYCLESCOOTER/MOTOR-CYCLECARPUBLIC TRANSPORTOTHER VEHICLES(WALK)5.128205128205127720.14652014652014632.6007326007325990.7326007326007325539.5604395604395621.8315018315018317POT. CYCLISTSAUTO/TAXI/VANBICYCLESCOOTER/MOTOR-CYCLECARPUBLIC TRANSPORTOTHER VEHICLES(WALK)11.5520282186948840.5291005291005290766.9312169312169372.028218694885361618.2539682539682530.70546737213403876

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In India, road accidents have been increased by 2.5% from 2014 to 2015. The road fatalities per 100, 000 motor vehicles in India is 130.1 compared to Europe having 19 and America 33 in 2013 .

Road Fatalities

Number of Road Accidents per Lakh Population (1970-2015)

Percentage Share in Total Number of Road Accidents (in %), 2015

Major NMT fatalities

Proportion of road traffic fatalities by road user type (vehicle occupants, bicyclists and pedestrians) in 6 Indian cities (IITD study)

Impact of new infrastructure

Transport infrastructure improvement has included road expansion, road widening, grade separated junctions and signal free corridors. Results:

• Reducing access of pedestrians because crossing roads become more difficult,

• Public transport users have longer distances for changing bus routes because distances between public transport nodes increase

• Signal free junctions increase risk to pedestrians• Pedestrian foot over bridges and subway increase

crossing distances for pedestrians

Pedestrian Bridge ~ 6-8 m high

• Increases walking distance by 100-200 m

• Discourages use of Public transport

• More motorcycles and cars leading to congestion and high risk in off peak hours

Pedestrian Crossing near subway

Road Design Standards for Urban RoadsMoRTH and IRC lays down the standards and specifications on various aspects of

the design of roads and highways. • Ministry’s Specifications for Road and Bridge Works. • Geometric Design Standards for Urban Roads in Plains (IRC: 86-1983) • Code of Practice for Road Signs (First Revision) (IRC: 67-2001) • Code of Practice for Road Markings (First Revision) (IRC: 35-1997) • Guidelines for the Design of Interchanges in Urban Areas (IRC: 92-1985) • Guidelines on Design and Installation of Road Traffic Signals (IRC: 93-1985) • Guidelines for Pedestrian Facilities (IRC: 108-1988) • Guidelines on Design of At-Grade Intersections in Rural & Urban Areas (IRC: SP:

41-1994) • Hill Road Manual (IRC: SP: 48-1998)• Guidelines for the Design of Flexible Pavements (Second Revision) (IRC: 37-

2001) • Manual for Standards and Specifications for 4-Laning & 6 laning of NH through

PPP • Ministry also issues technical circular from time to time.

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Drawbacks

• Most of the documents were evolved aprrox 10 – 20 years back.

• Standard on design of urban roads was written 30 years back, when the roads and road transport was neglected and was allotted very meager funds

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Expenditure on road safety• The year-wise expenditure on road safety during the last five

years is as under:-

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• Despite the huge investment in the road sector, road traffic crashes and fatalities have increased during the years.

• About 50% of the road accidents occur on NH’s and SH’s and VRU’s are involved in about 60% cases.

Why Accessibility, Safety and security?• Accessibility, safety and security have impact on the

choice of public transport(Bus, metro) and NMV modes(walking and cycling), and hence on health outcomes.

• Accessible public transport includes safe access to public transport, vehicles with universal access.

• Safe accessibility to public transport modes- Implies • short access trips to public transport nodes, • Safe pedestrian paths(well lit, safe from fear of crime), • Safe at grade crossing facilities• Public transport nodes

Lessons for sustainable mobility plans• Modal shares in favour of NMT and PT is more

effective than technology alone: Retain PT and NMT trips

• PT and NMT must be integrated• Pedestrians and cyclists have the right to direct,

pleasant and safe routes• Restrict private motor vehicles: speed, road space

and convenience

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Enhance use of NMT (cycling and walking)

• Construction of segregated rights of way for non-motorized modes

• Provide convenient NMT access for mass transport systems• Government assistance for cycle tracks and pedestrian paths

under National Urban Renewal Mission• Support research for improved bicycle designs

Environmentally cleaner and healthier mode of travel

Yet, facing a declining share of travel demand

Initiatives for road safety

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Measures taken to minimize Accidents

• Five separate working groups formed onEducationEnforcementEngineering (roads as well as vehicles)Emergency care.

• Recommendations to focus on short term, long termmeasures.

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Educational Measures

• Awareness campaigns through print and electronic media, Calendars, posters, hand bills/stickers and fund games for school children.

• Observance of the Road Safety Week appreciated by a large number of persons and organizations including Members of Parliament.

• Road safety part of curriculum in class VII under Central Board of Secondary Education.

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Enforcement Measures

• Testing the competence of drivers at the time oflicensing.

• Checking the physical fitness of vehicles and theircompliance with regulations at the time ofregistration and periodical fitness check ofcommercial vehicles

• Statutory use of helmets, wearing of seat-belts,detection / prosecution of drunken driving andprevention of plying of overloaded vehicles.

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Measures Taken - Engineering

• Indian Road Congress- Standards and Specification• NHAI roads – Geometric and safety standards

including flyovers, grade separators, by-passes,Railway Over/Under bridges, bus/truck lay-byes,informatory retro-reflective sign boards, crashbarriers, median railings, thermoplastic roadmarkings, traffic lights and delineators.

• Bye-passes and service lanes• Road Safety Audit

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Emergency Response Services

• Establishment of Trauma Care Facilities on NationalHighways-at a total cost of Rs.732.75 crore (US $ 0.16Bn).

• Role of MoRTH and NHAI:• NHAI to deploy life support ambulances with trained and

specialized manpower at every 50 km on the completedstretches of Highway being built and operated by them.

• MoRTH to provide advanced life support ambulances to140 identified hospitals to be upgraded under this Scheme.

• 70 ambulances already provided. Balance 70 to be providedduring 2011-12. 24

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Vehicle Safety

• Under Motor Vehicles Act• active and passive safety covered• Legislated - safety belts, laminated safety glass for wind

sheet, rear view mirrors, and power-steering for certain category of vehicles.

• Road Safety Map under preparation• Progressive harmonization with ECE• Accession to 1998 Agreement of WP-29

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National Road Safety Council (NRSC)• Apex Body for Road Safety established under Section 215 of

Motor Vehicles Act, 1988• Chaired by Minister (RT&H)• Members State Road Transport Ministers DG (Police) of StatesRepresentatives of Ministries, such as Home Affairs, HRD,Railways, P&NG, Env. & Forests, Health & Family Welfare, etc.25 non-official members

• MoRT&H requested States for setting up of State Road Safety Councils and District Road Safety Committees as per MV Act, 1988 26

National Road Safety Policy

• Committee constituted in 2005 todeliberate &recommend creation of a dedicatedbody on RoadSafety & Traffic Management inter-alia recommended the draftNational Road Safety Policy in 2007

• Adopted in March 201027

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Initiatives to Educate & Promote Awareness

Refresher Training for Heavy Vehicle Drivers –• 2-day programme to inculcate safe driving habits and acquaintance with

rules; 80,000 drivers to be trained during 2011-12 through SIAM, AIMTC, etc.

Setting up of Model Driver Training Schools –• also to develop Institutional mechanism to train trainers; 10 schools

costing US $ 31 Mn to be set up upto 2012; sanctions accorded so far for 7 schools; 3 more to be sanctioned shortly.

Publicity measures and awareness campaign on Road Safety-• Telecasting / broadcasting of TV spots / Radio Jingles, displaying cinema

slides, hoardings, organizing Road Safety Weeks, Seminars / Exhibitions, All India Essay Competitions, printing of handbills / stickers / posters / calenders

• Road Safety Education in Schools, distribution of Road Safety Publications games in Schools.

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• Thank You……..

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Slide Number 1Slide Number 2Urban ScenarioPopulation Pressure on smaller Cities- more pronounced than Bigger ones�Motor Vehicle ScenarioNon Motorized Scenario�Predominant Barriers for Potential Users�40% safety, 40% road Slide Number 8Slide Number 9Impact of new infrastructurePedestrian Bridge ~ 6-8 m highPedestrian Crossing near subway�Road Design Standards for Urban RoadsDrawbacksExpenditure on road safetyWhy Accessibility, Safety and security?Lessons for sustainable mobility plansEnhance use of NMT (cycling and walking)Slide Number 19Measures taken to minimize AccidentsEducational MeasuresEnforcement MeasuresMeasures Taken - EngineeringEmergency Response ServicesVehicle SafetyNational Road Safety Council (NRSC)National Road Safety PolicyInitiatives to Educate & Promote AwarenessSlide Number 29

road safety : scenario & initiatives• hill road manual (irc: sp: 48-1998) • guidelines for the...

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