road safety improvement scheme approval procedure

Road Safety Improvement Scheme Approval Procedure

GE-STY-01037

April 2021

TRANSPORT INFRASTRUCTURE IRELAND (TII) PUBLICATIONS

About TII

Transport Infrastructure Ireland (TII) is responsible for managing and improving the country’s national road and light rail networks.

About TII Publications

TII maintains an online suite of technical publications, which is managed through the TII Publications website. The contents of TII Publications is clearly split into ‘Standards’ and ‘Technical’ documentation. All documentation for implementation on TII schemes is collectively referred to as TII Publications (Standards), and all other documentation within the system is collectively referred to as TII Publications (Technical).

Document Attributes

Each document within TII Publications has a range of attributes associated with it, which allows for efficient access and retrieval of the document from the website. These attributes are also contained on the inside cover of each current document, for reference.

TII Publication Title Road Safety Improvement Scheme Approval Procedure

TII Publication Number GE-STY-01037

Activity General (GE) Document Set Standards

Stream Safety (STY) Publication Date April 2021

Document Number

01037 Historical Reference

N/A

TII Publications Website

This document is part of the TII publications system all of which is available free of charge at http://www.tiipublications.ie. For more information on the TII Publications system or to access further TII Publications documentation, please refer to the TII Publications website.

TII Authorisation and Contact Details

This document has been authorised by the Director of Professional Services, Transport Infrastructure Ireland. For any further guidance on the TII Publications system, please contact the following:

Contact: Standards and Research Section, Transport Infrastructure Ireland

Postal Address: Parkgate Business Centre, Parkgate Street, Dublin 8, D08 DK10

Telephone: +353 1 646 3600

Email: [email protected]

http://www.tiipublications.ie/

mailto:[email protected]

http://www.tiipublications.ie

TRANSPORT INFRASTRUCTURE IRELAND (TII) PUBLICATIONS

TII Publications

Activity: General (GE)

Stream: Safety (STY)

TII Publication Title: Road Safety Improvement Scheme Approval Procedure

TII Publication Number: GE-STY-01037

Publication Date: April 2021

Set: Standards

Contents

1. Introduction .................................................................................................................1

2. Procedure ....................................................................................................................3

3. Motorway Maintenance and Renewals Contract (MMaRC) Procedural Process .10

4. References.................................................................................................................12

.......................................................................................................................13

Road Safety Improvement Scheme Flow Chart...................................................................13

.......................................................................................................................15

Sample Feasibility and Options Report for Road Safety Improvement Scheme..................15

.......................................................................................................................29

Summary Close Out Sheet for Road Safety Improvement Schemes...................................29

.......................................................................................................................32

D1: Template Letter Seeking TII Approval of the Feasibility and Options Report Proposal; 32

D2: Template Letter Seeking Consent for the Award of Contract; .......................................32

D3: Template Tender Award Request Form ........................................................................32

........................................................................................................................45

Template for the Assurance of Delivery of the RSIS............................................................45

........................................................................................................................47

Template for Progress Reporting.........................................................................................47

Page i

TII Publications GE-STY-01037 Road Safety Improvement Scheme Approval Procedure April 2021

Page ii

Updates to TII Publications resulting in changes to

Road Safety Improvement Scheme Approval Procedure GE-STY-01037

Date: April 2021

Amendment Details:

This document supersedes GE-STY-01037 published in March 2020. The following revisions have been made:

1. The overall readability of the document has been improved.

2. Minor typographical errors have been addressed throughout the document.

3. Section 3 has been added to the document incorporating the Motorway Maintenance and Renewals Contract (MMaRC) Procedural Process.


Contents Table

1. Introduction .................................................................................................................1 1.1 Scope .................................................................................................................1

1.2 Implementation ...................................................................................................1

1.3 Definitions...........................................................................................................1

1.4 Departures from Design Standards ....................................................................2

2. Procedure ....................................................................................................................3 2.1 Summary of Procedure.......................................................................................3

2.2 Scheme Identification .........................................................................................4

2.3 Feasibility and Options Phase ............................................................................4

2.4 Preparation of the Feasibility and Options Report ..............................................5

2.5 Project Appraisal Procedures .............................................................................6

2.6 Approval of the Feasibility and Options Report...................................................6

2.7 Design and Environmental Evaluation Phase.....................................................6

2.8 Pre-Construction Phase......................................................................................8

2.9 Implementation and Monitoring of the Works Phase ..........................................8

2.10 RSIS/PARR Scheme ..........................................................................................9

3. Motorway Maintenance and Renewals Contract (MMaRC) Procedural Process .10 3.1 Summary of Procedures ...................................................................................10

3.2 TII Publication GE-STY-01022 Network Safety Analysis ..................................10

3.3 TII Publication AM-STY-06044 Road Safety Inspection ...................................10

4. References.................................................................................................................12

.......................................................................................................................13

Road Safety Improvement Scheme Flow Chart...................................................................13

.......................................................................................................................15

Sample Feasibility and Options Report for Road Safety Improvement Scheme..................15

.......................................................................................................................29

Summary Close Out Sheet for Road Safety Improvement Schemes...................................29

.......................................................................................................................32

D1: Template Letter Seeking TII Approval of the Feasibility and Options Report Proposal; 32

D2: Template Letter Seeking Consent for the Award of Contract; .......................................32

D3: Template Tender Award Request Form ........................................................................32

........................................................................................................................45

Template for the Assurance of Delivery of the RSIS............................................................45

Page iii


........................................................................................................................47

Template for Progress Reporting.........................................................................................47

Page iv


1. Introduction

1.1 Scope

This Standard specifies the procedures to be followed for the delivery of Road Safety Improvement Schemes (RSIS) on the National Road Network. Sites that may be brought through this process are identified by TII using TII Publications (Standards) GE-STY-01022 Network Safety Analysis and TII Publications (Standards) AM-STY-06044 Road Safety Inspection.

This standard should be read in conjunction with TII Publications (Standards) DN-GEO-03030 Design Phase Procedure for Road Safety Improvement Schemes, Urban Renewal Schemes and Local Improvement Schemes, for technical requirements for the RSIS, and TII Publications (Standards) GE-STY-01024 Road Safety Audit for road safety audit (RSA) requirements.

The procedure covers all TII Road Safety Improvement Schemes identified or approved by TII Road Safety Section.

1.2 Implementation

The procedures described in this document shall be followed for all RSIS’s on National Roads. The Standard shall be applied to schemes already being prepared unless, in the opinion of Transport Infrastructure Ireland (TII), application would result in significant additional expense or delay progress. In such cases TII shall issue appropriate directions to the Implementation Authority (IA).

1.3 Definitions

a) Approval Gateway: An Approval Gateway is a systematic review of proposals which require formal TII approval prior to proceeding to the next stage of the process.

b) As-Built Record: Record of construction which can include, but is not limited to, drawings, documents, photographs, surveys, maps, models or any other record, providing a final statement of what works were completed on a road construction scheme. The as-built records will comply with the requirements of TII Publications (Standards) CC-CMG-04001 Preparation and Delivery Requirements for As-Built Records.

c) Crash Modification Factor (CMF): CMF is the ratio of the expected collision frequency after a solution is implemented to the estimated collision frequency beforehand. CMFs based on various solutions can be found in an online repository collated by PRACT (Predicting Road Accidents - a Transferable methodology across Europe), see TII Publications (Standards) AM-STY-06043 Road Safety Inspection Guidelines.

d) First Year Rate of Return (FYRR): A method of economic evaluation that compares the scheme cost with the expected safety benefit, expressed in terms of road collision cost savings. The application of FYRR is explained in “A Guide to Road Safety Engineering in Ireland”, Government Publications Office, Dublin, 1996.

e) High Collision Location (HCL): TII uses the Network Safety Analysis (GE-STY-01022) process to identify High Collison Locations (HCL).

f) Implementation Authority (IA): The Implementation Authority is the relevant road authority responsible for the RSIS scheme.

Page 1


g) MCAAS Network Representative (MCAAS NR): The Motorway Contract Audit and Administration Services (MCAAS) network representative manages the administration, design, audit and inspection services of the Motorway Maintenance and Renewal (MMaRC) network on behalf of TII.

h) National Road Network: The primary and secondary road network in Ireland which comprises motorways, dual carriageways and single carriageway roads.

i) Pavement Asset Repair and Renewal (PARR) Scheme: Activity targeted at extending the life of an existing road pavement and/or improving its load carrying capacity or skid resistance. Examples include overlay and inlay works and edge strengthening of an existing road pavement.

j) Design Report as defined in TII Publications (Standards) DN-GEO-03030.

k) Public Spending Code (PSC): The Department of Public Expenditure and Reform (DPER) publication “The Public Spending Code” (PSC) sets out the rules and procedures to ensure that the best possible value for money is obtained whenever public money is being spent or invested.

l) Road Safety Improvement Scheme (RSIS): Road Safety Improvement Schemes on the National Road Network. A Road Safety Improvement Scheme can also form part of a PARR Scheme where the safety improvements are not on the entire pavement scheme.

m) Road Safety Inspections (RSI): TII uses the TII Publications (standards) AM-STY-06044 process to identify safety issues or defects that may require engineering intervention on existing roads.

n) Technical Advisors (TA): Appointed through the TII Road Safety Framework

o) TII Regional Management (TII RM): Division within TII responsible for the delivery of the roads programme for the National Road Network (defined in (g) above) within specific geographic regions.

p) TII Road Safety (TII RS): Division within TII responsible for the delivery of the road’s safety programme for the National Road Network. Defined in (g) above.

q) TII Head of Road Safety (TII HRS): Head of the Road Safety division within TII.

r) TII Regional Road Safety Engineer (TII RRSE): Road safety engineer for the road safety programme within a specific geographic region.

s) TII Road Safety Inspection Engineer (TII RSIE): Road safety inspection engineer for the road safety programme within a specific geographic region.

t) Type A High Collision Location (HCL) Schemes

u) Type B Road Safety Inspection Schemes (RSI) that require Design

v) Type C Routine Road Safety Inspection Schemes (RSI) that do not require Design (e.g. replace lighting pole with passively safe pole, remove hazard/tree from the clear zone etc.).

w) Type D Road Safety Improvement schemes proposed by the Implementation Authority.

1.4 Departures from Design Standards

Proposals to adopt Departures from Standards shall be in accordance with TII Publications (Standards) GE-GEN-01005 Departures from Standards.

Page 2


2. Procedure

2.1 Summary of Procedure

The procedure described below is represented by flow charts in Figure 2.1 and in Appendix A. The flow chart sets out the RSIS phases and approvals that need to be followed.

Figure 2.1 Scheme Development and Associated Procedure

Page 3


2.2 Scheme Identification

Sites are identified by TII using the TII Publication (Standard) GE-STY-01022 Network Safety Analysis process, to identify High Collison Locations (HCL) sites, and the TII Publications (Standards) AM-STY-06044 Road Safety Inspection (RSI) process to identify safety issues or defects that may require engineering intervention. Each site identified is categorised by TII RS as a Type A, B, C or D.

Where an IA proposes a Type D RSIS the IA should confirm that the site is appropriate following consultation with the TII Regional Road Safety Engineer (RRSE) and/or the TII Road Safety Inspection Engineer (RSIE) before Feasibility and Options Stage.

RSIS Sites that are identified by TII Road Safety (TII RS) and/or the IA may only proceed as a RSIS Scheme following approval of the Feasibility and Option report.

2.3 Feasibility and Options Phase

The RSIS proposal will take the form of a report and it should adopt the headings listed in the Feasibility and Options Report template provided in Appendix B.

2.3.1 Review of Identified Schemes

The IA shall review the following;

• For Type A schemes, HCL Summary Reports, produced by TII RS.

• For Type B and Type C schemes, RSI Reports provided by TII RS.

• For Type D schemes, TII RS will review road safety improvement proposals produced by the IA.

These reviews must be carried out in consultation with the RRSE and/or RSIE for their region. The selection and review process of schemes is summarised below in Table 2.1

Where any category of RSIS falls within the scope of a PARR scheme please refer to Section 2.11 below.

Table 2.1 Summary of Scheme Identification and Review Process by Local Authorities

RSIS Type Information to be reviewed by IA Information Received From

Type A HCL Summary Reports TII RS

Type B RSI Reports TII RS

Type C RSI Reports – (Design or Options not required) TII RS

Type D Identified by Local Authority (LA) IA

2.3.2 Developing Options

The options are developed in consultation with the RRSE and RSIE. The IA includes the agreed options in the Feasibility and Options Report prior to submitting it to TII RS seeking approval to proceed as an RSIS.

Options may be developed for Type A, Type B and Type D schemes. Where options are required the IA should develop the options for assessment in the first instance.

Page 4


Type C schemes do not need options and may proceed directly to Construction and Implementation Phase following approval of the Feasibility and Options report. For Type C the Feasibility and Options report will consist of the RSI summary sheets and updated costs as necessary.

IAs should prepare the Feasibility and Options Report using in-house road design sections or a National Roads Office (NRO).

Where an IA intends to engage a Technical Advisor (TA) to prepare a Feasibility and Options Report, it is recommended that the scheme(s) have more than one option. The appointment at this phase is only for completion of the Feasibility and Options Stage to identify a preferred option.

The IA is required to seek approval from TII RS to proceed with a mini-tender competition procedure using the TII Safety Framework. This is accessed through the TII Local Authority Portal. Guidance for the use of the TII Local Authority Portal is provided in the Project Services Frameworks On-Line User Guide for Local Authorities (PSG-FRW-0035).

IAs may procure a TA outside of the TII Safety Framework, however such appointments should be agreed with TII RS.

Subsequent appointments of a TA to develop an RSIS through design and implementation phases may only proceed following confirmation of Gateway Approval 1 by TII RS.

2.3.3 Feasibility and Options Phase Cost Estimate

A cost estimate is required for all options presented in the Feasibility and Options Report. The cost estimate should include all elements of the work required to design, implement and construct the proposed option and should include, but not be limited to, design costs, land costs, environmental costs, temporary traffic management, construction costs, contingencies etc. Cost estimates should include VAT at the appropriate rates. See Appendix B for a sample cost estimates.

The cost estimate should follow the format contained in the TII Publications (Technical) PE-PAG-02021 Project Appraisal Guidelines for National Roads Unit 6.2 - Preparation of Scheme Costs for Phase 2.

2.3.4 Programme

The cost estimate should be broken down into predicted spend for each calendar year and presented in the Feasibility and Options Report. See Appendix B for a sample outline programme.

2.4 Preparation of the Feasibility and Options Report

A Feasibility and Options Report is required for all proposed schemes.

Where a Type A, B or C site is reviewed by the IA and there are no works proposals Feasibility and Options Report should still be submitted to TII, at Gateway Approval 1. This is required to record that the site was reviewed but there may be no feasible options.

For proposed schemes that form part of a PARR scheme, the Feasibility and Options Report should specifically provide the details of the safety improvement elements. The PARR elements should not be included, see section 2.11 below.

Where a number of identified sites are assessed in a single Feasibility and Options Report each site should be addressed separately within the Feasibility and Options Report.

The content of the Feasibility and Options Report may vary depending on the complexity of the safety improvement proposals, however they should include the following as a minimum;

Page 5


• A background to the scheme, i.e. how it was identified,

• A description of the safety issue(s) involved,

• The option(s) considered,

• A cost estimate for each option considered,

• A business case for the preferred option (e.g. use of collision modification factors (CMF) and/and First Year Rate of Return (FYRR)),

• A cost for the preferred option,

• A programme, and

• A brief conclusion and recommendation.

A sample Feasibility and Options Report is provided in Appendix B.

2.5 Project Appraisal Procedures

IA’s should ensure road safety projects meet the requirements set out in the Public Spending Code (PSC).

RSIS schemes will not require project appraisal in accordance with TII Publications (Technical) PE-PAG-02009 Project Appraisal Guidelines for National Roads Unit 1.0 Introduction. These projects have been appraised at programme level and are therefore part of current expenditure. Therefore, Type A, B, C and D RSIS do not require separate project appraisal at Feasibility and Options Phase.

Certain schemes, originally identified as RSIS schemes, may not be covered by the RSIS Programme appraisal due to their scale and/or complexity. In this event, these schemes will be removed from the RSIS Programme and will be delivered under the Minor Improvement Programme. Type D RSIS may require separate project appraisal due to their scale and/or complexity.

The identification of such schemes will be made by TII at Gateway Approval 1.

2.6 Approval of the Feasibility and Options Report

The RSIS proposal shall be submitted by the IA to TII RS for approval under Gateway Approval 1.

The IA should use the template letter to seek approval for the proposed scheme, Appendix D, and append the Feasibility and Options Report. The TII RS may seek clarification on aspects of the Feasibility and Options Report or respond in writing with approval to proceed which will be copied to TII RM.

2.7 Design and Environmental Evaluation Phase

2.7.1 General

Following approval of the Feasibility and Options Report at Gateway Approval 1, and subject to the availability of funding, the IA may proceed to the Design Phase.

For each RSIS taken forward to the design phase the IA should follow the procedures set out in the TII Publications (Standards) DN-GEO-03030 to prepare the Design Report including Departure from Standards application.

Page 6


Elements of the TII Publications (Technical) PE-PMG-02041 Project Management Guidelines for Minor Projects and TII Publications (Technical) PE-PAG-02037 Project Appraisal Guidelines for National Roads –Minor Projects Unit 14.0 may be applicable.

The only exception to this is where TII RS has categorised the RSIS as a Type C scheme. In this case there is no Design Phase and may proceed directly to the Construction and Closeout process (See Figure 2.1 above).

2.7.2 Design Report / Design phase approvals for RSIS

Upon completion of the Design for a RSIS scheme, the Design Report should be prepared in accordance with the procedure set out in TII Publications (Standards) DN-GEO-03030 and submitted to TII for review as a Departure application using the TII Web-based Departures database, see Figure 2.1.

Guidance on the development and contents of the Design Report is provided in the TII Publications (Standards) DN-GEO-03030. Sample Design Reports have been uploaded to https://www.tii.ie/tiilibrary/.

See TII Publications (Standards) GE-GEN-01005 for information on how to submit a Departure.

Design and Procurement Procedures should not commence prior to the review and satisfactory responses to any comments from TII of the Design Report, see Figure 2.1, and for Gateway Approval 2.

2.7.3 Design Phase Cost Estimate

TII RM and TII RS should be provided with a Total Scheme Budget (TSB) at this design phase. The cost estimate should generally follow the format contained in TII Publications (Technical) PE-PMG-02044 Cost Management Manual, for minor schemes.

Significant cost estimate changes, compared to the funds approved at Gateway Approval 1, may require resubmission of the Feasibility and Options Report. Where the revised cost estimates no longer offer an acceptable benefit approval may be withdrawn. Any significant changes to the scope of the RSIS or cost estimate should be agreed (by letter or e-mail) with TII RM and TII RS prior to the IA progressing the RSIS through any subsequent phases and Gateway Approvals, see Figure 2.1

2.7.4 Road Safety Audit (RSA)

The IA shall ensure that the relevant design stage RSAs for the RSIS are completed and included in the Design Report and Departure submission to TII.

2.7.5 Progress Reports

The IA should provide regular progress updates to TII RM and the RRSE/RSIE on the progress of the RSIS, see Appendix F for sample progress report format. The requirements of the Design Phase are summarised in Table 2.2 below.

2.7.6 Statutory Procedures

The RSIS design phase should be completed BEFORE statutory processes are undertaken by the IA, see Table 2.2 requirements below.

In accordance with in the TII Publications (Standards) DN-GEO-03030 the Design Report should be submitted and reviewed well in advance of statutory procedures, i.e. a Part 8 Planning Process.

The IA should inform TII RM of any cost estimate changes, compared to the funds approved at Gateway Approval 1, following the statutory process.

Page 7

https://www.tii.ie/tiilibrary/


Any significant changes to the scope of the RSIS or cost estimate should be agreed (by letter or e-mail) with TII RM and TII RS prior to the IA progressing the RSIS through to the pre-construction phase of the RSIS.

Table 2.2 RSIS Design Phase Checklist

Item Requirement Required

1. Approval from TII RM or TII RS at Gateway Approval 1 Yes

2. Consultation with RRSE and/or RSIE during the Design phase Yes

3. Compliance with TII Publications (Standards) DN-GEO-03030 Yes

4. RSAs required (TII Publications (Standards) GE-STY-01024) Yes

5. Approved Departure from Standards (TII Publications (Standards) GE-GEN-01005) Yes

6. Update TII RM of any cost estimate change to the RSIS approved at Gateway Approval 1.

Yes

2.8 Pre-Construction Phase

2.8.1 Detailed Design and Contract Documentation.

The IA shall procure the construction of the RSIS in accordance with relevant procurement procedures and be subject to the consent requirements of Gateway Approval 2, see Figure 2.1 above.

The IA shall prepare the Detailed Design and Tender Documents and shall seek tenders. The IA may complete the detailed design and contract document preparation using in-house road design section, or an NRO, or by appointing TA. The appropriate method of procurement shall be agreed with the TII RM.

2.8.2 TII Consent for Award of Contract

TII Consent for Award of Contract is required at Gateway Approval 2, see Figure 2.1 and Appendix A.

The IA shall assess the tenders and seek TII RM consent to provide funding for the construction of the RSIS using the letter template in Appendix D. The letter should append the following documents:

a) Completed Tender Award Request Form (using Appendix D Tender Award Request Form template)

b) Completed Tender Assessment Report

2.9 Implementation and Monitoring of the Works Phase

2.9.1 Pre-Construction Check of Documentation

Subsequent to the Contract award, but prior to the Works commencing on site, the IA shall ensure that the successful Contractor submits, to the IA, all necessary documentation identified in the Letter of Intent.

2.9.2 Monitoring of the Works Phase

The monitoring of construction and ongoing supervision of the Works is the responsibility of the IA.

The IA in their role as Employer shall appoint an Employer’s Representative (ER) to provide both supervision and ensure compliance testing is carried out for the Works.

Page 8


• Project Name/ TII Project Reference Number,

• Lead Local Authority,

• Overview,

• Need for the Project,

• Project Objectives,

• Project Planning,

• Project Implementation,

• Project Operational Performance,

• Cost Breakdown and;

• Lessons Learned.

Where the RSIS final cost is less than € 200,000 (including VAT), a close out summary may be completed using the RSIS Close Out Summary sheet in Appendix C instead of the PE-PMG-02043 Appendix A7.2 Project Closeout Report.

The IA is required to provide written assurance to TII of delivery of the RSIS project in accordance with the requirements set out under Gateway Approval 3, see Figure 2.1 above, in advance of retention funding drawdown for the project. Appendix E contains a template for the Assurance of Delivery of the Project to be provided to TII by the IA, the RSIS Close Out Report or RSIS Close Out Summary sheet should be appended to the letter and submitted to TII.

A completed Table E.1 as outlined in the TII Publications (Standards) AM-PAV-06049 Pavement Asset Repair and Renewal - Scheme Approval Procedure is required for PARR schemes.

2.10 RSIS/PARR Scheme

Where an RSIS can be progressed in conjunction with a PARR scheme, the RSIS elements are the only elements subject to TII Publications (Standards) DN-GEO-03030. This is to ensure that the proposed RSIS elements are subject to the appropriate process and to ensure that a Feasibility and Options Report is produced and approved. It is not intended that an entire PARR scheme be subject to TII Publications (Standard) DN-GEO-03030 procedures.

Page 9


3. Motorway Maintenance and Renewals Contract (MMaRC) Procedural Process

3.1 Summary of Procedures

All references to Phases 0 – 7 in the following sections relate to Figure 2.1 Scheme Development

and Associated Procedure to be adopted.

3.2 TII Publication GE-STY-01022 Network Safety Analysis

Phase 0

High collision location sites are compiled and issued by TII RS to the MCAAS Network Representative (MCAAS NR).

Phases 1 and 2

The MCAAS NR then undertakes a feasibility study, identification of options and costings associated with each option. The options and costings are then issued by the MCAAS NR to TII RS for review. It is then the responsibility of TII RS to review the options and select a preferred option for development to detailed design as part of Gateway Approval 1.

Phase 3

Following approval from TII RS, the MCAAS NR develops the detailed design. Design packages are then issued by the MCAAS NR to the MMaRC Contractors as Employer Instructed Works Orders (EIWO).

Phase 4

Statutory Planning Procedures should not commence prior to the review and satisfactory responses to any comments from TII of the Design Report. Similarly, for smaller schemes where Statutory Planning Procedures are not required Design and Procurement Procedures should not commence prior to the review and satisfactory responses to any comments from TII of the Design Report.

Phase 5

The proposed EIWO costings by the MMaRC Contractors are then forwarded by the MCAAS NR to TII RS for review and acceptance as part of Gateway Approval 2. Once approval is received from TII RS the MCAAS NR instructs the MMaRC Contractor to undertake the works.

Phase 6 and 7

The EIWO spend associated with safety schemes is issued by the MCAAS NR to TII RS on a quarterly basis for quarters 1, 2 and 3 and on a monthly basis for quarter 4 annually.

3.3 TII Publication AM-STY-06044 Road Safety Inspection

Phase 0

Sites requiring remedial measures are compiled and issued by TII RS to the MCAAS NR. The MCAAS NR in turn issues the sites to the MMaRC Contractors who engage their own Designers. The MCAAS NR then undertakes a feasibility study, identification of options and costings associated with each option derived.

Page 10


Phases 1 and 2

The MMaRC Contractor’s Designers then undertake a feasibility study, identification of options and costings associated with each option. The options and costings are then issued to the MCAAS NR and TII RS for review. It is then the responsibility of TII RS to select a preferred option for development to detailed design as part of Gateway Approval 1.

Phases 3

The MMaRC Contractor’s Designer develops the detailed design package which is issued to MCAAS NR for confirmation as an EIWO.

Phase 4

This phase relating to Statutory Processes is not applicable to works on the MMaRC Network.

Phase 5

Once approval is received from TII RS the MCAAS NR instructs the MMaRC Contractors to commence works as part of Gateway Approval 2.

Phase 6 and 7

The EIWO spend associated with safety schemes is issued by the MCAAS NR to TII RS on a quarterly basis for quarters 1, 2 and 3 and on a monthly basis for quarter 4 annually.

Page 11


4. References

TII Publications:

a) GE-STY-01024: Road Safety Audit.

b) GE-STY-01022: Network Safety Analysis

c) GE-STY-01036: Network Safety Analysis Procedures

d) AM-PAV-06050: Pavement Assessment, Repair and Renewal Principles.

e) AM-STY-06043: Road Safety Inspection Guidelines

f) DN-GEO-03030: Design Phase Procedure for Road Safety Improvement Schemes, Urban Renewal Schemes and Local Improvement Schemes

g) CC-CMG-04001: Preparation and Delivery Requirements for As-Built Records.

h) PE-PMG-02041: Project Management Guidelines for Minor Projects.

i) PE-PAG-02021: Project Appraisal Guidelines for National Roads

Input Cost Spreadsheet - Phase 2.xlsm

Input Cost Spreadsheet - Phases 3,4,5.xlsm

Input Cost Spreadsheet - Phase 7.xlsm (https://www.tiipublications.ie/downloads/)

j) PE-PAG-02037: Project Appraisal Guidelines for National Roads Unit 14.0 - Minor

Projects (€0.5m to €5m)

(https://www.tiipublications.ie/downloads/) Unit 14 Minor Projects (0.5m to 5m euro) PABS.

Other Documents:

a) Public Works Contract for Civil Engineering Works Designed by the Employer: Document Reference PW-CF3, Office of Government Procurement, Department of Public Expenditure and Reform, Current version available at http://constructionprocurement.gov.ie/contracts/

b) Instructions to Tenderers for Works Contractors under an Open Procedure: Document Reference ITT-W2, Office of Government Procurement, Department of Public Expenditure and Reform, Current version available at https://constructionprocurement.gov.ie/invitations-to-tender-works/

Page 12

https://constructionprocurement.gov.ie/invitations-to-tender-works

http://constructionprocurement.gov.ie/contracts

https://www.tiipublications.ie/downloads

https://www.tiipublications.ie/downloads


Road Safety Improvement Scheme Flow Chart

Page 13


Page 14


Sample Feasibility and Options Report for Road Safety Improvement Scheme

Page 15

Feasibility and Options Report

[INSERT Scheme Name]

[INSERT TII Ref. No.]

(Type: A / B / C / D)

Local Authority Logo

Date: 01/01/2020

Contents

1 Introduction ..............................................................................................................................................................5

2 Description of the Safety Problem and Collision History..........................................................................................5

2.1 Identification of Problem & Objective ..............................................................................................................5

2.2 Constraints ........................................................................................................................................................5

2.3 Future Development / Scheme.........................................................................................................................5

3 Proposed Options .....................................................................................................................................................6

3.1 Options Considered...........................................................................................................................................6

3.2 Option 1 ............................................................................................................................................................6

3.3 Option 2 ............................................................................................................................................................6

3.4 Option 3 ............................................................................................................................................................7

4 Preferred Option .......................................................................................................................................................9

4.1 Evaluation of Options........................................................................................................................................9

4.2 Collision Modification Factor ............................................................................................................................9

4.3 First Year Rate of Return Based on Collision History ........................................................................................9

5 Programme .............................................................................................................................................................10

6 Conclusions and Recommendation.........................................................................................................................10

Appendix A – Sample Cost Estimate .................................................................................................................................. i

Appendix B – TII High Collision Locations / Road Safety Inspections .............................................................................. iii

Appendix C - Drawings ..................................................................................................................................................... iv

A-4

1 Introduction

[Insert a description of the scheme, the scheme objective and justification for the scheme]

e.g. The proposed scheme has been assessed under the GE-STY-01022 Review of TII High Collision Locations and is identified as a site having a collision rate threshold of twice the average for National roads therefore needing further assessment of collisions to identify if there is a treatable Engineering solution. This report provides the options considered and the preferred option including a programme for implementation.

[INSERT LOCATION MAP]

2 Description of the Safety Problem and Collision History

2.1 Identification of Problem & Objective

[XX County Council assessment of the existing site, collision data evaluation and other data.]

[Review of the HCL or RSI and site visit etc. ]

[Summary of road safety problem and scheme objective.]

2.2 Constraints

[List any project/design constraints if applicable (e.g. Land Acquisition, Utilities Diversions, Environmental, IAPS, Vulnerable Road Users/existing geometry etc. )]

[N/A if no constraints]

2.3 Future Development / Scheme

[Please state if there are Pavement Schemes or Minor/Major Schemes planned at the location (e.g. Route Realignment, Bypass, Pavement Schemes, Signing and Lining etc.)]

[N/A if no Schemes]

A-5

3 Proposed Options

3.1 Options Considered

[This section presents the Concept Design for each option considered]

3.2 Option 1

[e.g. Do-Nothing / Do-Minimum / Short-term/ Do-something]

[INSERT Option Illustration]

[Sample estimated costs]

Description Cost/€ Total Estimate (ex VAT)

Series 200 Site Clearance 5,000 € 49,000

Series 1200 - signs 16,000

Series 1200 - markings 15,000

Junction radii improvements 10,000

Planning and Design (incl.GI & Topo) if applicable -

Road Safety Audit (estimate) 3,000

Archaeology ( if applicable) -

Land and Property ( if applicable) -

Other costs (as applicable to scheme scope or complexity)

-

3.3 Option 2

[e.g. Do-something/Medium-Term]




Series 100 Preliminaries 80,000

Series 200 Site Clearance 25,000

Series 300 Fencing 100,000

Series 400 Safety Barrier 25,000

Series 500 Drainage 250,000

A-6


Series 600 Earthworks 150,000

€ 1, 465,000 Series 700 Pavement 600,000

Series 1100 Kerbs Footways and Paved Areas 45,000

Series 1200 Traffic Signs and Road Markings 40,000

Advanced Works (e.g. Utilities Diversions estimated costs) 100,000

Planning and Design (incl. GI & Topo) if applicable 47,000

Road Safety Audit (estimate) 3,000

Archaeology ( if applicable)

Land ( if applicable)

Other costs (as applicable to scheme scope or complexity e.g. geotechnical)

3.4 Option 3

[e.g. Do-something/Long-term]




Series 100 Preliminaries 80,000

€ 1,893,000

Series 200 Site Clearance 25,000

Series 300 Fencing 100,000

Series 400 Safety Barrier 25,000

Series 500 Drainage 250,000

Series 600 Earthworks 150,000

Series 700 Pavement 600,000

Series 1100 Kerbs Footways and Paved Areas 45,000

A-7


Series 1200 Traffic Signs and Road Markings 40,000

Utilities Diversions (estimated) 100,000

Planning and Design (incl. GI & Topo) if applicable 120,000

Land Acquisition Cost (e.g. realignment of a bend) 350,000

Road Safety Audit(estimate) 3,000

Archaeology ( if applicable) -

Other costs (as applicable to scheme scope or complexity e.g. Project Appraisals)

-

Programme risk (e.g. Accommodation Works if applicable) 5,000

[TII Publication https://www.tiipublications.ie/downloads/ for the TII-Cost-Estimating-Datasheets.xlsx and PE-PAG-02021_Unit-6.2-Attachments.zip may assist preparation of the cost estimates.]

A-8

https://www.tiipublications.ie/downloads/

4 Preferred Option

4.1 Evaluation of Options [This section discusses the estimated collision savings and other benefits for the proposed improvement options for the N XX

and states the preferred option based on the FYRR and/or CMF].

4.2 Collision Modification Factor

[Sample: The Collision Modification Factor is evaluated using a number of repositories including but not limited to the following:

• ‘Table I, Road Safety Remedial Measures Programme, Evaluation of Programme 9 to 11, Schemes Implemented between 2004 and 2006’, NRA, 2012

• PRACT -Predicting Road Accidents - A Transferable methodology across Europe

• CMF Clearing House

• Austroads

• PIARC

Based on the main collision types at site XX the proposed options are likely to have a positive effect to reduce the main collision types. The CMF calculated for each option is:

• Option 1 – XX%

• Option 2 – XX%

• Option 3 – XX% ]

4.3 First Year Rate of Return Based on Collision History

[Sample: First Year Rate of Return (FYRR) was used to assess each option’s likely return generated in the first year of a road safety initiative implementation as follows:]

𝐴𝑛𝑛𝑢𝑎𝑙 𝐶𝑜𝑙𝑙𝑖𝑠𝑖𝑜𝑛 𝑆𝑎𝑣𝑖𝑛𝑔𝑠 × 𝐶𝑜𝑙𝑙𝑖𝑠𝑖𝑜𝑛 𝐶𝑜𝑠𝑡 × 100 = 𝐹𝑌𝑅𝑅

𝑆𝑐ℎ𝑒𝑚𝑒 𝐶𝑜𝑠𝑡𝑠

[Sample comparison table]

Description Annual Collision Saving

Average Collision Cost* €

Scheme Cost € FYRR** (%)

Option 1 0.09 162000* 49000 29.8

Option 2 0.18 162000* 1465000 2

Option 3 0.4 162000* 1893000 3.4

[Notes :

* (Sample For illustration only)- To calculate Average Collision Costs use the methodology in Chapter 5 of ‘A Guide to Road Safety Engineering in Ireland (1996) Government. Publications Office. Dublin.

(Source: http://www.rmo.ie/uploads/8/2/1/0/821068/aguidetoroadsafetyengineeringinireland1996.pdf)

A-9

http://www.rmo.ie/uploads/8/2/1/0/821068/aguidetoroadsafetyengineeringinireland1996.pdf

5

6

Injury collision costs are published by the Road Safety Authority in the Road Casualty and Collision Report available

at www.rsa.ie.

** FYRR - For guidance on the calculation of the FYRR please refer to Chapter 5 of ‘A Guide to Road Safety

Engineering in Ireland (1996) Government. Publications Office. Dublin.

(Source: http://www.rmo.ie/uploads/8/2/1/0/821068/aguidetoroadsafetyengineeringinireland1996.pdf)]

Programme

[This section should set out the programme that XX County Council intend to implement for the preferred option.]

[SAMPLE Programme ] Year / Q ( 1-4 ) Costs (€ incl. VAT)

Technical Advisor 2020 Q1

Preliminary Design completion (incl. Stage 1 2020 Q1

RSA)

Departure Application to TII 2020 Q1

Part 8 process completed 2020 Q3

Detailed Design and Tender (incl. Stage 2 RSA) 2020 Q4

Construction (incl. Stage 3 RSA) 2021 Q2

Close out 2021 Q4

Conclusions and Recommendation

[Sample: The purpose of this report was to identify measures on the N XX over an X km stretch of National road to address the GE-STY-01022 HCL [INSER TII Ref. No.] safety issues identified and the assessment of the site by XX County Council.

Three options including various safety measures were identified by the XX County Council to reduce the potential safety problems identified in the study area on the N XX. The proposed measures were considered by XX Council and it is recommended that Options X be implemented based on the FYRR and the CMF.

Based on the above recommendation XX County Council seek funding from TII Road Safety as outlined in the programme in Section 5 above. ]

A-10

http://www.rsa.ie/

http://www.rmo.ie/uploads/8/2/1/0/821068/aguidetoroadsafetyengineeringinireland1996.pdf

Appendix A – Sample Cost Estimate

A-i

[Please see TII Publications at https://www.tiipublications.ie/downloads/ for work sheets PE-PAG-02021_Unit-6.2-

ROUTE No. Date

SCHEME NAME PRS No

Road Authority

Estimate Only

(sheet not signed)X

Budget at

Appraisal

(TC1)

Budget prior to

Tender Issue

(TC2)

Budget at

Tender

Award

(TC3)

Outturn Costs

Scheme Programme, Status and Appraisal (when available)

Programme Stage /Activity Start [mm/yyyy] Completion [mm/yyyy]

Design June

EIS / NIS N/A April September

CPO April October

Tender Sept. December

Construction June December

Scheme Status Land Acquisition

Planning Status

Appraisal Status BCR

Approvals Granted Undertake Detailed Design/Appraisal X

Proceed to CPO/Purchase Land X

Award Construction Tender

898,040 52,500 950,540

50,000 50,000

7,050 7,050

30,604 30,604

6,000 6,000

21,283 21,283

49,772 49,772

1,062,750 52,500 1,115,250

Programme Risk

(5%)

Page 1

SCHEME NAME PRS No

Ongoing

SCHEME BUDGET

Archaeology

Main Contract Supervision

Planning & Design (incl GI &

Topo)

Land & Property

Residual network

Advance Works & Other

Contracts

NXX Old Road Realignment Scheme YY/AA/BBBB

TOTAL

€1,171,012

Safety Scheme description

Main Contract Construction

Base Cost Expenditure

Heading

Budget

€

Yearly Profiles (Euro)

Ongoing

Scheme Description

Tick Appropriate Box

02/05/2021

YY/AA/BBBBNXX Old Road Realignment Scheme

XX County Council

NXX

Planning Approval granted

Post 20202019 2020

55,762

Pre 2020

Base Cost

(incl VAT)Contingency

2018

Engineering Inspector Regional Manager Head of Roads Capital

ProgrammeDirector of Capital

Programme

Chief Executive

Date: _________________

Date: _________________

Date: _________________

Date: _________________ Date: _________________

Attachments.zip that maybe used.]

A-ii

https://www.tiipublications.ie/downloads/

https://www.tiipublications.ie/downloads/project_appraisal_guidelines/PE-PAG-02021_Unit-6.2-Attachments.zip

https://www.tiipublications.ie/downloads/project_appraisal_guidelines/PE-PAG-02021_Unit-6.2-Attachments.zip

Appendix B – TII High Collision Locations / Road Safety Inspections

A-iii

Appendix C - Drawings

A-iv


Summary Close Out Sheet for Road Safety Improvement Schemes

Page 29


Road Safety Improvement Scheme Procedure Close Out Summary

TII Safety Scheme Name

Route No.

Implementation Authority

Project Description

PRS Code

Delivered in conjunction with a PARR

Yes No

Submitted the Table E.1 to TII

(TII Publication AM-PAV-06049)

PARR schemes only)

Yes No

Delivery Direct Labour Contractor

Construction Commencement Date:

Scheme Completion Date:

As Built Drawings Attach to this summary (digital format e.g. PDF, DWG etc.)

Before/After photographs Attach to this summary

Stage 3 RSA Approved by TII Yes No

Works completed include those agreed in the Stage 3 RSA?

Yes No

Final Scheme Costs (Safety only element if delivered in conjunction with a PARR)



Archaeology

Advance Works & Other Contracts

Residual network

Land & Property

Planning & Design (incl. GI & Topo)



Other (as appropriate)

Total € (Including VAT)

Page 30


Did the Tender/Pre-construction cost change? (If yes please comment on reasons for the increase)

Comments:

(Please comment on any issues e.g. increased costs or design changes)

Lessons Learnt:

Signed:

Date:

Page 31


D1: Template Letter Seeking TII Approval of the Feasibility and Options Report Proposal;

D2: Template Letter Seeking Consent for the Award of Contract;

D3: Template Tender Award Request Form

Page 32


General

This Appendix contains a set of templates for:

• Letter to be used when seeking TII RS approval for Feasibility and Options Report.

• Letter to be used when seeking TII RS and TII RM consent to provide funding for the award of contract.

• Tender Award Recommendation Form.

The Templates are provided for guidance and may need to be amended to suit the nature and scope of the RSIS.

Page 33


D1: Template Letter Seeking TII Approval of the Feasibility and Options Report Proposal

Page 34


[On Local Authority Letterhead]

Transport Infrastructure Ireland Parkgate Business Centre Parkgate Street Dublin 8 D08 DK10

[Insert Date]

Attn: TII Road Safety

Re: [Insert Scheme Name and RSIS Type (A, B, C or D)] Feasibility and Options Report Approval

A Dhuine Uaisle,

We refer to the above referenced road safety improvement scheme proposal.

[Insert Local Authority Name] hereby confirm the following:

1. Feasibility and Options Report has been prepared in accordance with the Road Safety Improvement Scheme Approval Procedure (TII Publication GE-STY-01037) and Guidance on Minor Improvements to National Roads (TII Publication DN-GEO-03030).

2. The proposal has a Stage 1 / Stage 1&2 RSA in accordance with Road Safety Audit (TII Publication TII GE-STY-01024).

3. This [is] / [is not] a combined Safety (RSIS) and a Pavement (PARR) scheme.

The cost split between the Safety element is € [xxxxx] and the Pavement element is € [xxxxx]. The total combined scheme budget is € [xxxxx] including VAT.

4. [Insert Local Authority Name] have completed in full all of the processes required in AM-PAV-06049 in relation to this scheme. [applicable only where RSIS elements form part of a PARR]

Accordingly, [Insert Local Authority Name] request Transport Infrastructure Ireland provide funding in the sum of €[XXXX] (including VAT) to develop, design, implement and construct the proposed scheme.

Is mise le meas,

[Local Authority Senior Engineer / Director of Services]

Page 35


D2: Template Letters Seeking Consent for the Award of Contract

Page 36




[Insert Date]

Attn: [TII Regional Manager Name]

Re: [Insert Scheme Name and Scheme Type (A, B, C or D)] (Not combined with a TII Pavement Scheme)

A Dhuine Uaisle,

We refer to the above referenced road safety improvement scheme and attach herewith the following documentation:

• Completed Tender Assessment Report

• Completed Tender Award Request Form

We hereby confirm the following:

1. Gateway Approval 1 has been received from TII and is attached to this letter.

2. The RSIS has been prepared in accordance with the Road Safety Improvement Scheme Approval Procedure (TII Publication GE-STY-01037) and Guidance on Minor Improvements to National Roads (TII Publication DN-GEO-03030).

3. The RSIS Design Report has been approved by TII [Insert Departure Approval reference].

4. A Stage 2 RSA is completed and signed by the Authority and the Designers in accordance with Road Safety Audit (TII Publication TII GE-STY-01024).

5. [Insert Local Authority Name] have developed the scheme in accordance with the approved RSIS Feasibility and Options Report (including any conditions attached to the approval or Departures from Standard) and, where appropriate, any documented amendments to the approved RSIS agreed with TII Road Safety.

5.A [Where appropriate] Project Management Guidelines and Project Appraisal Guidelines deliverables have been prepared and delivered in accordance with TII Standards Publications (List attached to this letter).

6. TSB (TC3) has been agreed in writing with TII Road Safety and TII Regional management. The approved TSB(TC3) is attached to this letter.

7. This [is] / [is not] a combined Safety (RSIS) and a Pavement (PARR) scheme.

Page 37


Accordingly, [Insert Local Authority Name] request Transport Infrastructure Ireland provide confirmation that there is no objection to the award of contract for the above referenced RSIS and confirmation that they will provide funding for the scheme budget based on TSB(TC3) € [xxxxx] (including VAT).

Is mise le meas,


Page 38



Transport Infrastructure Ireland

Parkgate Business Centre

Parkgate Street

Dublin 8

D08 DK10

[Insert Date]

Attn: [TII Regional Manager Name (Combined Safety & Pavement Schemes)]

Re: [Insert Scheme Name and Scheme Type (A, B, C or D)] (Includes a TII Pavement Scheme)

A Dhuine Uaisle,

We refer to the above referenced road safety improvement scheme and attach herewith the

following documentation:

• Completed Tender Assessment Report

• Completed Tender Award Request Form

We hereby confirm the following:

1. Gateway Approval 1 has been received from TII and is attached to this letter.


3. The RSIS Design Report has been approved by TII [Insert Departure Approval reference].

4. A Stage 2 RSA is completed and signed by the Authority and the Designers in accordance with Road Safety Audit (TII Publication TII GE-STY-01024).

5. [Insert Local Authority Name] have developed the scheme in accordance with the approved RSIS Feasibility and Options Report (including any conditions attached to the approval or Departures from Standard) and, where appropriate, any documented amendments to the approved RSIS agreed with TII Road Safety.

5.A [Where appropriate] Project Management Guidelines and Project Appraisal Guidelines deliverables have been prepared and delivered in accordance with TII Standards Publications (List attached to this letter).

6. TSB (TC3) has been agreed in writing with TII Road Safety and TII Regional management. The approved TSB(TC3) is attached to this letter.

7. This is a combined Safety (RSIS) and a Pavement (PARR) scheme.

7.A The cost split between the Safety element is € [xxxxx] and the Pavement element is € [xxxxx]. The total combined scheme budget, based on TSB(TC3), is € [xxxxx] including VAT.

7.B The PAMS data sheet for the PARR element is attached to this letter and has been approved in accordance with AM-PAV-06049.

Page 39


Accordingly, [Insert Local Authority Name] request Transport Infrastructure Ireland provide

confirmation that there is no objection to the award of contract for the above referenced RSIS and

confirmation that they will provide funding for the combined scheme budget based on TSB(TC3) € [xxxxx] (including VAT).

Is mise le meas,


Page 40


D3: Template Tender Award Request Form

Page 41


The Tender Award Request Form shall include, but not be limited to, the following:

Part 1 to be completed by Project Manager:

Project Title

TII PRS Project Ref. No.

Contract Type

Procurement Procedure (Open/Restricted/Negotiated)

Brief Description of the Project:

Relevant Dates:

Date of PIN notice

Date of OJEU contract notice

Date of e-tenders contract notice

Latest date for expressions of interest

Closing date for receipt of tenders

Shortlisting

No. of expressions of interest

Date of shortlisting

No. shortlisted

Page 42


Summary of Tenders

Tenderer Tender total per pricing

document (excl. VAT)

Comparative cost of

Tender (excl. VAT)

Comments

Award Recommendation

Date of tender report

Recommended tenderer

Tender total

Anticipated commencement date

Time for completion / duration

Contracting Authority Signature

Signed ________________________ Date ______________

Project Manager

Page 43


Part 2 to be completed by TII

Recommended by ___________________________ Date __________ Senior Engineering Inspector

Recommended by ___________________________ Date __________ Head of Road Safety

Endorsed by ___________________________ Date __________ Regional Manager

Approved by ___________________________ Date __________ Head of Roads Capital Projects

Authorised by ___________________________ Date __________ Director of Capital Projects

Noted by ___________________________ Date __________ Chief Executive Officer

Page 44


Template for the Assurance of Delivery of the RSIS

Page 45




[Insert Date]

Attn: [TII Road Safety]

Re: [Insert Scheme Name and RSIS Type (A, B, C or D)]

A Dhuine Uaisle,

We refer to the above referenced road safety improvement scheme.

[Insert Local Authority Name] hereby confirm the following:

1. Gateway Approval 2 has been received from TII, attached to this letter


3. The RSIS has a completed Stage 3 RSA in accordance with Road Safety Audit (TII Publication TII GE-STY-01024).

4. The RSIS approved by TII at Gateway Approval 1 has been designed and implemented in accordance with the approved Feasibility and Options Report (including any documented conditions and/or amendments thereto).

5. All relevant close out information is available and will be retained and provided in accordance with Road Safety Improvement Scheme Approval Procedure (TII Publication GE-STY-01037).

6. [Insert Local Authority Name] have completed in full all of the processes required in AM-PAV-06049 in relation to this scheme. [where RSIS elements form part of a PARR]

Accordingly, [Insert Local Authority Name] request Transport Infrastructure Ireland provide funding in the sum of € [XXXX] to cover the outstanding retention payment on the scheme.

Is mise le meas,


Page 46


Template for Progress Reporting

Page 47


RSIS TEMPLATE PROGRESS REPORT

Route Sponsoring

Agency Project Region

Feasibility and

Options Report

Approved by TII RS

RSIS Design Reports

Approved Departure

Commence Tender

Approved to Award Contract

Construction Finish Date

RSIS Design Report

Approved Departure

Commence Tender

Approved to Award Contract

Construction Finish Date

Comments

Actual Actual Actual Actual Forecast Forecast Forecast Forecast

Page 48