IMPROVEMENT OF QUALITY MANAGEMENT FOR HIGHWAY AND BRIDGE CONSTRUCTION AND

MAINTENANCE, PHASE II

ROAD PROJECT MANAGEMENT AND SUPERVISION MANUAL

VOLUME I: MAIN TEXT

2014

Department of Public Works and Highways

IMPROVEMENT OF QUALITY MANAGEMENT FOR

HIGHWAY AND BRIDGE CONSTRUCTION AND MAINTENANCE, PHASE II

ROAD PROJECT MANAGEMENT AND SUPERVISION MANUAL

VOLUME I: MAIN TEXT

SECOND EDITION

SEPTEMBER 2014

DEPARTMENT OF PUBLIC WORKS AND HIGHWAYS

JAPAN INTERNATIONAL COOPERATION AGENCY

Republic of the Philippines

DEPARTMENT OF PUBLIC WORKS AND HIGHWAYS

OFFICE OF THE SECRETARY

Manila

Road Project Management and Supervision Manual Vol.1 Main Text ii

TABLE OF CONTENTS

FOREWORD i

TABLE OF CONTENTS .................................................................................. ii

LIST OF TABLES ........................................................................................... viii

LIST OF FIGURES ......................................................................................... xi

ACKNOWLEDGEMENT ................................................................................. xiv

ACRONYMS ................................................................................................. xv

DEFINITION OF TERMS ................................................................................ xxi

Chapter 1 Introduction ............................................................................... 1-1

1.1 Background .................................................................................................. 1-1

1.2 Purpose ........................................................................................................ 1-1

1.3 Outline .......................................................................................................... 1-2

Chapter 2 Contracts and Guidelines .......................................................... 2-1

2.1 Locally-funded Contract ............................................................................... 2-1

2.2 Foreign-funded Contract .............................................................................. 2-1

2.2.1 Asset Management Approach ................................................................. 2-1

2.2.2 Long-Term Performance Based Maintenance ........................................ 2-2

2.3 Guidelines, Manuals and Practices .............................................................. 2-7

2.3.1 Basic Guidelines and Manuals ................................................................ 2-7

2.3.2 Standard Procurement and Implementation Guidelines ......................... 2-8

2.3.3 International Standard Practices ............................................................. 2-10

2.3.4 Standard Practices of DPWH .................................................................. 2-11

Chapter 3 Implementing Organizations and Role of Entities ....................... 3-1

3.1 Organization of Central Office ...................................................................... 3-1

3.1.1 Bureau of Construction ........................................................................... 3-3

3.1.2 Bureau of Maintenance ........................................................................... 3-5

3.1.3 Project Management Office .................................................................... 3-6

3.1.4 Planning Service ..................................................................................... 3-7

3.1.5 Bureau of Research and Standards ........................................................ 3-9

iii Road Project Management and Supervision Manual Vol.1 Main Text

3.1.6 Bureau of Design .................................................................................... 3-10

3.1.7 Bureau of Quality and Safety (BQS) ....................................................... 3-12

3.2 Organizations of RO and DEO ..................................................................... 3-13

3.3 Organizations for Construction Supervisions ............................................... 3-16

3.3.1 For Foreign-funded Projects through International Competitive Bidding . 3-16

3.3.2 For Locally and Foreign-funded Projects through Local Competitive

Bidding .................................................................................................... 3-20

3.4 Administrative Penalties/Sanctions .............................................................. 3-23

3.5 Authorities of DPWH Officials ....................................................................... 3-24

3.7 Reforms in DPWH ........................................................................................ 3-25

Chapter 4 Procurement .............................................................................. 4-1

4.1 Bids .............................................................................................................. 4-1

4.2 Contract ........................................................................................................ 4-5

4.2.1 Contract Documents ............................................................................... 4-5

4.2.2 Subcontract/Sublease ............................................................................. 4-8

4.3 Facilities and Land Acquisition ..................................................................... 4-8

4.3.1 Facilities for the Engineer........................................................................ 4-8

4.3.2 Right-of-Way Acquisition ......................................................................... 4-9

4.3.3 Possession of Site .................................................................................. 4-9

4.3.4 Relocation of Utilities .............................................................................. 4-10

4.4 Performance Security and Insurance ........................................................... 4-10

4.4.1 Performance Security ............................................................................. 4-10

4.4.2 Contractor's All Risk Insurance (CARI) ................................................... 4-11

4.5 Notice to Proceed (NTP) .............................................................................. 4-11

Chapter 5 Public Information, Road Safety and Environmental Management 5-1

5.1 Public Information System ............................................................................ 5-1

5.2 Relations with Local Communities and Road Users ..................................... 5-2

5.3 Road Safety.................................................................................................. 5-3

5.3.1 Road Safety Program ............................................................................. 5-3

5.3.2 Road Safety Manual ............................................................................... 5-4

5.3.3 Provision of Road Safety Devices ........................................................... 5-5

5.3.4 Traffic Management ................................................................................ 5-6

Road Project Management and Supervision Manual Vol.1 Main Text iv

5.3.5 Safety Officer .......................................................................................... 5-6

5.4 Safety and Health Programs ........................................................................ 5-6

5.4.1 Obligation of the Contractor .................................................................... 5-6

5.4.2 Load Restriction ...................................................................................... 5-7

5.4.3 Coordination during Emergency ............................................................. 5-7

5.5 Environmental Management ........................................................................ 5-8

5.5.1 Legal Framework and Process ............................................................... 5-8

5.5.2 Environmental Impact Assessment (EIA) ................................................ 5-8

5.5.3 Environmental Compliance Certificate (ECC) ......................................... 5-10

5.5.4 Environmental Management Plan (EMP) ................................................ 5-14

5.5.5 Environmental and Social Considerations .............................................. 5-15

5.6 Risk Management ........................................................................................ 5-17

Chapter 6 Construction Management and Supervision ............................... 6-1

6.1 Preliminary Activities .................................................................................... 6-1

6.1.1 Study of Design Reports, Design Drawings, Specifications and

Contract Documents ............................................................................... 6-1

6.1.2 Study on Meteorological Condition ......................................................... 6-3

6.1.3 Pre-construction Survey .......................................................................... 6-3

6.1.4 Joint Site Inspection ................................................................................ 6-4

6.1.5 Conduct of Pre-construction Meeting ...................................................... 6-5

6.1.6 Conduct of Joint As-stake Survey and Preparation of As-staked Plan .... 6-12

6.1.7 Preparation and Processing of Variation Order (VO) .............................. 6-14

6.2 Project Management .................................................................................... 6-18

6.2.1 Mobilization/Demobilization .................................................................... 6-19

6.2.2 Provision of Project Billboard .................................................................. 6-19

6.2.3 Work Program ......................................................................................... 6-20

6.2.4 Straight Line Diagram ............................................................................. 6-26

6.2.5 Value Engineering ................................................................................... 6-26

6.2.6 Construction Drawings ............................................................................ 6-28

6.2.7 Shop Drawings........................................................................................ 6-28

6.2.8 Establishment of Communication Network ............................................. 6-28

6.2.9 Conduct of Coordination Meetings .......................................................... 6-28

6.2.10 Maintenance Work during Contract Period ............................................. 6-29

v Road Project Management and Supervision Manual Vol.1 Main Text

6.2.11 Delay of Work and Action Plans .............................................................. 6-30

6.2.12 Suspension of Works .............................................................................. 6-34

6.2.13 Extension of Contract Time ..................................................................... 6-35

6.2.14 Termination of Contract ........................................................................... 6-37

6.3 Cost Management ........................................................................................ 6-39

6.3.1 Advance Payment ................................................................................... 6-42

6.3.2 Interim Payment ...................................................................................... 6-44

6.3.3 Payment of Materials on Site .................................................................. 6-46

6.3.4 Disbursement Estimate and Monitoring of Payment ............................... 6-46

6.3.5 Cost Reduction ....................................................................................... 6-46

6.3.6 Price Adjustments ................................................................................... 6-49

6.3.7 Provisional Sum and Daywork ................................................................ 6-50

6.3.8 Claims ..................................................................................................... 6-51

6.4 Quantity Control ........................................................................................... 6-54

6.4.1 Objectives ............................................................................................... 6-54

6.4.2 Duties of Quantity Engineer .................................................................... 6-54

6.4.3 Inspection Techniques ............................................................................ 6-55

6.4.4 Bill of Quantities (BOQ) ........................................................................... 6-55

6.4.5 Measurement and Evaluation ................................................................. 6-56

6.4.6 Monitoring and Estimate of Final Quantity .............................................. 6-57

6.5 Documentation ............................................................................................. 6-57

6.5.1 Progress Reports .................................................................................... 6-58

6.5.2 Project Logbook ...................................................................................... 6-59

6.5.3 Correspondence ..................................................................................... 6-62

6.5.4 Progress Photographs ............................................................................ 6-62

Chapter 7 Quality Control ........................................................................... 7-1

7.1 General......................................................................................................... 7-1

7.2 Quality Control Program ............................................................................... 7-3

7.3 Quality Control Specifications....................................................................... 7-5

7.4 Project Laboratory ........................................................................................ 7-6

7.5 Accreditation of AC and PCC Batching Plants ............................................. 7-9

7.6 Quality Control Activities ............................................................................... 7-13

7.6.1 Category of Activities and Frequency of Tests ........................................ 7-13

Road Project Management and Supervision Manual Vol.1 Main Text vi

7.6.2 Quality Control on Construction Materials ............................................... 7-17

7.6.3 Production of Aggregates ........................................................................ 7-18

7.6.4 Submission and Approval of Concrete Pouring Permit ........................... 7-22

7.6.5 Quality Control Logbook ......................................................................... 7-24

7.7 Design Mix and Trial Construction ................................................................ 7-24

7.7.1 Design Mix and Trial Construction for PCC Pavement ........................... 7-24

7.7.2 Job-Mix Formula and Trial Construction for AC Pavement ..................... 7-27

7.7.3 Design Mix and Trial Construction for Other Major Work Items .............. 7-30

7.8 Calibration of Testing Equipment .................................................................. 7-32

7.9 Accreditation of New Product and Technology ............................................. 7-32

7.9.1 PCCP Reinforced with Welded Wire Mesh ............................................. 7-32

7.10 Recycling of Pavement Materials ................................................................. 7-33

7.11 Roller Compacted Concrete Pavement (RCCP) .......................................... 7-33

7.12 Electrical Density Gauge .............................................................................. 7-34

7.13 ISO Accreditation of Large Contractors ........................................................ 7-35

Chapter 8 Field Inspections ....................................................................... 8-1

8.1 Objectives of Field Inspection....................................................................... 8-1

8.2 Categories of Field Inspection ...................................................................... 8-4

8.3 Field Inspection Plan .................................................................................... 8-6

8.4 Standard Inspection Check Sheet ................................................................ 8-8

8.5 Request for Inspection ................................................................................. 8-10

Chapter 9 Project Completion .................................................................... 9-1

9.1 Pre-final Inspection for Completion .............................................................. 9-1

9.2 Final Inspection for Completion .................................................................... 9-1

9.2.1 Submission of Request for Final Inspection for Completion ................... 9-1

9.2.2 Participants for the Final Inspection for Completion ................................ 9-2

9.2.3 Remedial Works ...................................................................................... 9-4

9.3 Issuance of Certificate of Completion ........................................................... 9-4

9.4 Final Payment .............................................................................................. 9-6

Chapter 10 Defects Liability Period, Final Acceptance and Warranty Period . 10-1

10.1 Defects Liability Period ................................................................................. 10-1

vii Road Project Management and Supervision Manual Vol.1 Main Text

10.2 Pre-final Inspection for Acceptance .............................................................. 10-1

10.3 Final Inspection for Acceptance.................................................................... 10-1

10.3.1 Remedial Works ...................................................................................... 10-1

10.4 Issuance of Certificate of Acceptance .......................................................... 10-1

10.5 Release of Remaining Retention Money ...................................................... 10-2

10.6 Release of Performance Security ................................................................. 10-2

10.7 Warranty Period............................................................................................ 10-2

Chapter 11 Maintenance after Final Acceptance ........................................... 11-1

11.1 Maintenance by DPWH after Final Acceptance............................................ 11-1

11.2 Maintenance Inspection and Remedial Measure Design ............................. 11-8

11.3 Overloaded Vehicle Control .......................................................................... 11-10

Road Project Management and Supervision Manual Vol.1 Main Text viii

LIST OF TABLES

Table 1.1 Classifications of Projects and Programs .......................................... 1-2

Table 2.1 Scope of LTPBM Contract ................................................................. 2-3

Table 2.2 Road Condition Category .................................................................. 2-4

Table 2.3 International Roughness Index and Road Condition Category .......... 2-4

Table 2.4 Typical Intervention Pattern on LTPBM ............................................. 2-5

Table 2.5 Advantages and Disadvantages of Design-Built Contract ................. 2-6

Table 2.6 Reference Guidelines and Manuals .................................................. 2-8

Table 2.7 DPWH Procurement Manuals ........................................................... 2-9

Table 2.8 Comparison of GCC between FIDIC and DPWH Conditions of

Contract ............................................................................................. 2-13

Table 3.1 Bureaus' Roles and Functions ........................................................... 3-3

Table 3.2 Limits of Authority .............................................................................. 3-13

Table 3.3 Duties and Responsibilities of Consultants ........................................ 3-18

Table 3.4 Limits of assignment of Project Engineer and Project Inspector ........ 3-21

Table 3.5 Limits of Assignment of Materials Engineer ....................................... 3-21

Table 3.6 Duties and Responsibilities of Project Engineer ................................ 3-22

Table 3.7 Duties and Responsibilities of Project Inspector ................................ 3-22

Table 3.8 Duties and Responsibilities of Materials Engineer ............................. 3-23

Table 3.9 Points against Negative Slippage ...................................................... 3-24

Table 4.1 Bid Documents .................................................................................. 4-1

Table 4.2 List of Contract Documents ............................................................... 4-5

Table 5.1 Safety Programs ................................................................................ 5-3

Table 5.2 Road Safety Manual and Handbook .................................................. 5-4

Table 5.3 Project Grouping Matrix for Determination of EIA Report Type

- New Single and Co-located Projects (Group I) ................................ 5-12

Table 5.4 Project Grouping Matrix for Determination of EIA Report Type

- New Single and Co-located Projects (Group II) ............................... 5-13

Table 6.1 Checklist of Reports for Review......................................................... 6-2

Table 6.2 Participants for Site Inspection .......................................................... 6-4

Table 6.3 Scope of Inspection ........................................................................... 6-5

Table 6.4 Agenda for Pre-construction Meeting ................................................ 6-6

Table 6.5 Attendees for Meeting ....................................................................... 6-10

Table 6.6 Control Points and Tolerances ........................................................... 6-13

Table 6.7 Agenda for Coordination Meeting ...................................................... 6-29

Table 6.8 Stages of Negative Slippage ............................................................. 6-31

Table 6.9 Types of Payments ............................................................................ 6-41

ix Road Project Management and Supervision Manual Vol.1 Main Text

Table 6.10 Payment Guidelines .......................................................................... 6-41

Table 6.11 Actions and Supporting Documents for Advance Payment

(Regional and District Offices) ........................................................... 6-43

Table 6.12 Payment Procedure ........................................................................... 6-44

Table 6.13 Actions and Supporting Documents Required for Interim

Payment (Regional and District Offices) ............................................ 6-45

Table 6.14 Cost Reduction due to Deficiency in Strength ................................... 6-47

Table 6.15 Cost Reduction due to Deficiency in Thickness ................................. 6-49

Table 6.16 Contractors Claim for Time Extension .............................................. 6-53

Table 6.17 Checklist of Project Documents ......................................................... 6-58

Table 6.18 Progress Report ................................................................................ 6-59

Table 6.19 Responsible Office for Securing the Documents ............................... 6-62

Table 7.1 Quality Control Activities .................................................................... 7-4

Table 7.2 Specifications/Standards ................................................................... 7-6

Table 7.3 Material Testing Equipment/Apparatus .............................................. 7-8

Table 7.4 Quality Control Categories ................................................................ 7-14

Table 7.5 Minimum Test Requirements ............................................................. 7-16

Table 7.6 Categories of Materials ...................................................................... 7-17

Table 7.7 Types of Aggregates Required for Road Projects .............................. 7-19

Table 7.8 Types of Crushers ............................................................................. 7-20

Table 7.9 Classes of Concrete .......................................................................... 7-30

Table 7.10 Grading Requirement for Coarse Aggregate ..................................... 7-30

Table 7.11 Strength Requirements for Cement Concrete ................................... 7-31

Table 7.12 Composition and Strength of Concrete for Use in Structure .............. 7-31

Table 7.13 Comparison between PCCP and RCCP ........................................... 7-34

Table 8.1 Criteria for acceptance ...................................................................... 8-4

Table 9.1 Composition of Inspectorate Team .................................................... 9-2

Table 9.2 Procedures and Supporting Documents for Final Payment (Regional

and District Offices) ........................................................................... 9-7

Table 10.1 Warranty Security .............................................................................. 10-3

Table 11.1 Main Goals of Preventive/Periodic and Routine Maintenance ........... 11-2

Table 11.2 Required Maintenance Activities for Road Facilities .......................... 11-3

Table 11.3 Calculation of Maintenance Share ..................................................... 11-6

Table 11.4 Monitoring for Maintenance Works .................................................... 11-7

Table 11.5 Pavement Distress, Major Causes and Common Repair Methods

for AC Pavement ............................................................................... 11-8

Road Project Management and Supervision Manual Vol.1 Main Text x

Table 11.6 Pavement Distress, Major Causes and Common Repair Methods

for PCC Pavement ............................................................................. 11-9

Table 11.7 Maximum Allowable Gross Vehicle Weight ........................................ 11-10

xi Road Project Management and Supervision Manual Vol.1 Main Text

LIST OF FIGURES

Figure 2.1 Asset Management Approach ........................................................... 2-2

Figure 2.2 Sequence of Project Delivery ............................................................ 2-6

Figure 2.3 Procurement and Contract Guidelines............................................... 2-7

Figure 2.4 DPWH Procurement Manuals Cover Pages ...................................... 2-9

Figure 2.5 FIDIC Conditions of Contract Cover Pages ....................................... 2-11

Figure 3.1 Organizational Chart of DPWH CO ................................................... 3-2

Figure 3.2 Organizational Chart of BOC ............................................................. 3-4

Figure 3.3 Organizational Chart of BOM ............................................................ 3-5

Figure 3.4 Organizational Chart of PS ................................................................ 3-8

Figure 3.5 Organizational Chart of BRS ............................................................. 3-10

Figure 3.6 Organizational Chart of BOD ............................................................. 3-11

Figure 3.7 Organizational Chart of BQS ............................................................. 3-12

Figure 3.8 Organizational Chart of RO ............................................................... 3-14

Figure 3.9 Organizational Chart of DEO ............................................................. 3-15

Figure 3.10 Typical Assignment Schedules of Consultants .................................. 3-16

Figure 3.11 Typical Organizational Chart of Consultants for Construction

Supervision ........................................................................................ 3-17

Figure 3.12 Typical Organizational Chart for Construction Supervision of

Project conducted thru Force Account ............................................... 3-20

Figure 5.1 Project Information ............................................................................ 5-2

Figure 5.2 Traffic Control Information ................................................................. 5-2

Figure 5.3 Traffic Accident Recording and Analysis System ............................... 5-3

Figure 5.4 Road Safety Manual and Highway Safety Design Standards Cover

Pages ................................................................................................ 5-4

Figure 5.5 Road Safety Devices and Signages .................................................. 5-5

Figure 5.6 Summary Flowchart of EIA Process .................................................. 5-9

Figure 5.7 Overview of Stages of the Philippine EIA Process ............................ 5-10

Figure 5.6 Risk Management Diagram ............................................................... 5-17

Figure 6.1 Stages of Implementation .................................................................. 6-1

Figure 6.2 Example of Rainfall Record ............................................................... 6-3

Figure 6.3 Typical Organizational Chart of Contractor for Foreign-Funded Project 6-8

Figure 6.4 Typical Organizational Chart of Contractor for Locally-Funded Project 6-9

Figure 6.5 Typical Weekly Work Schedule ......................................................... 6-11

Figure 6.6 Flowchart of activities for As-stake Survey and Approval of

As-staked Plan .................................................................................. 6-14

Figure 6.7 Executive Summary ........................................................................... 6-17

Road Project Management and Supervision Manual Vol.1 Main Text xii

Figure 6.8 Project Management ......................................................................... 6-18

Figure 6.9 Example of Pert/CPM ........................................................................ 6-21

Figure 6.10 Example of Bar Chart with S-Curve ................................................... 6-22

Figure 6.11 Example of Manpower Schedule ....................................................... 6-24

Figure 6.12 Example of Equipment Utilization Schedule ...................................... 6-25

Figure 6.13 Example of Straight Line Diagram ..................................................... 6-27

Figure 6.14 Maintenance Period ........................................................................... 6-29

Figure 6.15 Contractors Maintenance Activities ................................................... 6-30

Figure 6.16 Catch-up Program ............................................................................. 6-32

Figure 6.17 Cost and Financial Management ....................................................... 6-40

Figure 6.18 Project Logbook Format .................................................................... 6-61

Figure 6.19 Progress Photographs ....................................................................... 6-63

Figure 7.1 Quality Management ......................................................................... 7-1

Figure 7.2 Statistical Quality Control (X-R Control Chart) ................................... 7-2

Figure 7.3 Quality Control Procedures ............................................................... 7-5

Figure 7.4 Material Testing Equipment/Apparatus .............................................. 7-9

Figure 7.5 Flowchart for Batching Plant Accreditation ........................................ 7-11

Figure 7.6 Assessment of Batching Plant for Accreditation .............................. 7-12

Figure 7.7 Asphalt and Portland Cement Concrete Batching Plants .................. 7-13

Figure 7.8 Common Problems in Aggregate Production (Case of River Gravel) 7-21

Figure 7.9 Flowchart for Approval of Concrete Pouring Permit ........................... 7-22

Figure 7.10 Concrete Pouring Permit Format ....................................................... 7-23

Figure 7.11 Materials Quality Control Log Book ................................................... 7-24

Figure 7.12 Flowchart for Preparatory Work to Concrete Paving ......................... 7-25

Figure 7.13 Trial Mix for Portland Cement Concrete ............................................ 7-25

Figure 7.14 Trial Construction for PCCP .............................................................. 7-26

Figure 7.15 Marshall Stability Testing Equipment ................................................. 7-28

Figure 7.16 Determination of Design Asphalt Content .......................................... 7-29

Figure 7.17 PCCP Reinforced with Welded Wire Mesh ........................................ 7-33

Figure 7.18 Recycling of Concrete Materials ........................................................ 7-33

Figure 7.19 Equipment for RCCP ......................................................................... 7-34

Figure 7.20 Typical Composition of RCCP ........................................................... 7-34

Figure 8.1 Site Instruction ................................................................................... 8-3

Figure 8.2 Hierarchy of Field Inspection ............................................................. 8-6

Figure 8.3 Classification of Pavement by Work Category ................................... 8-6

Figure 8.4 Flowchart for Field Inspection ............................................................ 8-7

Figure 8.5 Example of Inspection Check Sheet .................................................. 8-9

xiii Road Project Management and Supervision Manual Vol.1 Main Text

Figure 8.6 Flowchart for Inspection Request and Approval ................................ 8-10

Figure 8.7 Example of Work/Inspection Request................................................ 8-11

Figure 9.1 Activities undertaken during completion stage .................................. 9-3

Figure 9.2 Flowchart of Activities Relative to the Issuances of

Certificates of Completion and Acceptance ....................................... 9-5

Figure 10.1 Defects Liability and Warranty Periods .............................................. 10-2

Figure 11.1 Asset Management............................................................................ 11-1

Figure 11.2 Maintenance Activities on Pavement ................................................. 11-3

Figure 11.3 Programming Process (Asset Management System) ........................ 11-4

Figure 11.4 Flow of Routine Maintenance Work ................................................... 11-5

Figure 11.5 Budget Allocation Flow ...................................................................... 11-8

Figure 11.6 Effects of Overloading on Pavement ................................................. 11-11

Road Project Management and Supervision Manual Vol.1 Main Text xiv

ACKNOWLEDGEMENT

In behalf of the CWG on Road Manuals Improvement, The Group Leader would like to

thank the TWG members and the regional project managers of pilot regions for their

patience, guidance, words of encouragement and useful critiques which really helped us a lot

in accomplishing this undertaking.

TWG Members:

Dr. Judy F. SESE, Chairperson, OIC-Director, Bureau of Research and Standards

Ms. Carolina S. CANUEL, Fmr. Vice Chairperson, Fmr. Div. Chief, DPD, P/S

Mr. Adriano M. DOROY, Asst. Director, Bureau of Design

Mr. Aristarco M. DOROY, OIC-Asst. Director, Bureau of Construction

Ms. Edna F. MEEZ, OIC-DE, Negros Occidental 4th DEO, DPWH-Region VII

Mr. Felipe S. RAMOS, Fmr. Chief, Technical Services and Evaluation Div., BRS

Mr. Nestor B. CAOILE, OIC-Division Chief, Materials Testing Division, BRS

Regional Project Managers:

Ms. Elsa T. NABOYE, Regional Project Manager, Asst. Chief, QAD, DPWH-CAR

Ms. Ramie B. DOROY, Regional Project Manager, DE, Negros Oriental 1st DEO,

DPWH-Region VII

Ms. Rowena P. JAMITO, Regional Project Manager, Engr. V, MD, RO-XI

Thank you also to the CWG Members for their efforts and collaborations.

CWG Members:

MR. Jay Jenner R. BIARES, Engr. III, CAR; Group Leader

Mr. Elmer R. FIGUEROA, Engr. III, BOC

Mr. Ernante S. ANTONIO, Engr. III, BOM

Ms. Carina B. DIAZ, Engr. III, BOD

Ms. Nenita R. VALENCIA, Former Engr. III, BRS

Mr. Vicente R. VALLE, JR., Engr. IV, DPWH-Region VII

Ms. Aurora M. LACASANDILE, Engr. III, CD, DPWH-Region XI

Finally, we wish to thank our Expert, Mr. Ryoichi Yamasaki, Co-Team Leader, JICA TCP II

and his Asst. Engineer, Mr. Feliciano P. Carpio, for their support and encouragement

throughout this activity.

xv Road Project Management and Supervision Manual Vol.1 Main Text

ACRONYMS

A

AADT Annual Average Daily Traffic

AASHTO American Association of State Highway and Transportation Official

ABC Approved Budget for the Contract

AC Asphalt Concrete

ACI American Concrete Institute

ADB Asian Development Bank

AIP Annual Investment Program

AMWP Annual Maintenance Working Program

ASTM American Society for Testing and Materials

AWP Annual Working Program

B

BAC Bids and Awards Committee

BMS Bridge Management System

BOC Bureau of Construction

BOD Bureau of Design

BOM Bureau of Maintenance

BOQ Bill of Quantities

BOT Built-Operate-Transfer

BQS Bureau of Quality and Safety

BRS Bureau of Research and Standards, DPWH

C

CARBDP Cotabato Agusan River Basin Development Project

CARP Comprehensive Agrarian Road Program

CAD Computer-Aided Design

CARI Contractors All Risk Insurance

CBR California Bearing Ratio

CDA Cooperative Development Authority

CMS Contract Management System

CNC Certificate of Non-Coverage

CO Central Office

COA Commission on Audit

CPES Contractors' Performance Evaluation System

Road Project Management and Supervision Manual Vol.1 Main Text xvi

CPM Critical Path Method

CV Curriculum Vitae

CWG Counterpart Working Group

D

DAO DENR Administrative Order

DB Design-Build

DBB Design-Bid-Build

DE District Engineer

DENR Department of Environment and Natural Resources

DEO District Engineering Office

DILG Department of Interior and Local Government

DLP Defects Liability Period

DO Department Order

DOTC Department of Transportation and Communications

DoTS Documents Tracking System

DPD Development Planning Division

DPM DPWH Procurement Manual

DPWH Department of Public Works and Highways

DTI Department of Trade and Industry

E

EA Executing Agency

ECC Environmental Compliance Certificate

EIA Environmental Impact Assessment

EMB Environmental Management Bureau

EMK Equivalent Maintenance Kilometer

EMP Environmental Management Plan

eNGAS Electronic New Government Accounting System

ESAL Equivalent Single Axle Load

ESIA Environmental and Social Impact Analysis

ESS Environmental and Social Screening/Scoping

ESSO Environmental and Social Safeguards Office

F

FABP Foreign-Assisted Bridge Program

FCSEC Flood Control and Sabo Engineering Center

xvii Road Project Management and Supervision Manual Vol.1 Main Text

FDT Field Density Test

FHWA Federal Highway Administration

FIDIC Fdration Internationale Des Ingnieurs-Conseils

(International Federation of Consulting Engineers)

G

GAA General Appropriations Act

GCC General Conditions of Contract

GOP Government of the Philippines

GPPB Government Procurement Policy Board

GPRA Government Procurement Reform Act

GVW Gross Vehicle Weight

H

HDM-4 Highway Development and Management Version 4

HMA Hot Mix Asphalt

I

ICB International Competitive Bidding

IEE Initial Environment Examination

IN International Expert

IO Implementing Office

IRI International Roughness Index

IROW Infrastructure Right-of-Way

IRR-A Implementing Rules and Regulations Part A (for locally-funded projects)

ISO International Organization for Standardization

J

JICA Japan International Cooperation Agency

JMF Job Mix Formula

JCC Joint Coordinating Committee

K

KAMANAVA Kalookan Malabon Navotas Valenzuela

KEDCF Korean Economic Development Cooperative Fund

Road Project Management and Supervision Manual Vol.1 Main Text xviii

L

LCB Local Competitive Bidding

LGU Local Government Unit

LTO Land Transportation Office

LTPBM Long Term Performance-Based Maintenance

LTPBME Long Term Performance Based Maintenance-cum-Enhancement

M

MBA Maintenance by Administration (force account)

MBC Maintenance by Contract-put

MC Memorandum Circular

MCC Millennium Challenge Corporation

ME Materials Engineer

MFCDP Major Flood Control development Project

MIS Monitoring and Information Service

MOA Memorandum of Agreement

MPE Mount Pinatubo Emergency

MVUC Motor Vehicle Users Charge/Cost

MYPSS Multi-Year Programming and Scheduling System

N

N National Expert

NEDA National Economic and Development Authority

NGO Non-Governmental Organization

NRIMP National Roads Improvement and Management Program

NTP Notice To Proceed

P

PAGASA Philippine Atmospheric, Geophysical and Astronomical Services Administration

PAMS Project Advisory and Management System

PBDs Philippine Bid Documents

PCAB Philippine Constructors Accreditation Board

PCC Portland Cement Concrete

PCCP Portland Cement Concrete Pavement

PE Project Engineer

Pert/CPM Program Evaluation and Review Technique / Critical Path Method

PI Project Inspector

xix Road Project Management and Supervision Manual Vol.1 Main Text

PID Public Information Division

PM Project Manager

PM/O Preventive Maintenance/Overlay

PMO Project Management Office

PNP Philippine National Police

PPP Public-Private Partnership

PS Planning Service

Q

QAD Quality Assurance Division

QAS Quality Assurance Section

QAU Quality Assurance Unit

QCP Quality Control Program

R

RA Republic Act

RA 9184 Government Procurement Reform Act of 2003

RATPLAN Rationalization Plan

RB Road Board

RBIA Road and Bridge Information Application

RE Resident Engineer

REAPMP Road Enhancement and Asset Preservation Management Program

RH Rehabilitation

RM Routine Maintenance

RMMS Routine Maintenance Management System

RMP Routine Maintenance Program

RO Regional Office

ROCOND Visual Road Condition Rating System

ROW Right-of-Way

RRNDP Rural Road Network Development Project

RUPP Road Upgrading Preservation Project

RWS Rural Water System

S

SB Special Buildings

SBD Standard Bidding Documents

SBP Special Bridge Project

Road Project Management and Supervision Manual Vol.1 Main Text xx

SCC Special Conditions of Contract

SEC Securities and Exchange Commission

SFD Saudi Fund for Development

SMS Short Messaging System

T

TARAS Traffic Accident Recording and Analysis System

TCP Technical Cooperation Project

TEAM Traffic Engineering and Management

TOR Terms of Reference

TWG Technical Working Group

U

URPO Urban Roads Project Office

USA United States of America

V

VDF Vehicle Damage Factor

VO Variation Order

W

WB World Bank

xxi Road Project Management and Supervision Manual Vol.1 Main Text

DEFINITIONS AND TERMS

Contract Words

(By) Administration

The procedure by which the implementation of an infrastructure project

is carried out under the administration and supervision of the DPWH

through its own personnel.

Approved Budget for the Contract (ABC)

The budget for the contract duly approved by the Head of the Procuring

Entity.

BAC

The Bids and Awards Committee established in accordance with Article V

of R.A.9184.

Bidding Documents

The documents issued by the DPWH as the basis for Bids, furnishing all

information necessary for a prospective bidder to prepare a bid for the

Goods, Infrastructure Projects, and Consulting Services to be provided.

Bill of Quantities

A list of the specific items of Work and their corresponding quantities,

unit prices, lump sums, and/or provisional sums.

Change Order

A written order issued by the Director to the Contractor, covering changes

in the plans or quantities or both, within or beyond the scope of the

contract and establishing the basis of payment for the work affected by

the changes.

Contract

The contract between the DPWH and the Contractor to execute,

completes, and maintain the Works. It consists of the documents listed

in the GCC and the SCC.

Contract Time Extension

The allowable period for the Contractor to complete the Works in addition

to the original Completion Date stated in this Contract.

Contractor

The juridical entity whose proposal has been accepted by the DPWH and

to whom the Contract to execute the Work was awarded.

Road Project Management and Supervision Manual Vol.1 Main Text xxii

Corrupt, Fraudulent, and Coercive Practices

"Corrupt Practice" means behavior on the part of officials in the public or

private sectors by which they improperly and unlawfully enrich

themselves, others, or induce others to do so, by misusing the position in

which they are placed, and includes the offering, giving, receiving, or

soliciting of anything of value to influence the action of any such official in

the procurement process or in contract execution; entering, on behalf of

the Government, into any contract or transaction manifestly and grossly

disadvantageous to the same, whether or not the public officer profited

or will profit thereby, and similar acts as provided in Republic Act 3019.

"Fraudulent Practice" means a misrepresentation of facts in order to influence a

procurement process or the execution of a contract to the detriment of

the PROCURING ENTITY, and includes collusive practices among Bidders

(prior to or after bid submission) designed to establish bid prices at

artificial, non-competitive levels and to deprive the PROCURING ENTITY

of the benefits of free and open competition.

Collusive Practices means a scheme or arrangement between two or more Bidders, with

or without the knowledge of the PROCURING ENTITY, designed to

establish bid prices at artificial, non-competitive levels.

Coercive Practices means harming or threatening to harm, directly or indirectly, persons,

or their property to influence their participation in a procurement process,

or affect the execution of a contract.

Consulting Services

The services for Infrastructure Projects and other types of projects or

activities of the DPWH requiring adequate external technical and

professional expertise to undertake such as, but not limited to: (i)

advisory and review services; (ii) pre-investment or feasibility studies; (iii)

design; (iv) construction supervision; (v) management and related

services; and (vi) other technical services or special studies.

Day

Calendar days; months are calendar months.

Dayworks

Varied work inputs subject to payment on a time basis for the

Contractors Employees and Equipment, in addition to payments for

associated Materials and Plant.

xxiii Road Project Management and Supervision Manual Vol.1 Main Text

Defects Liability Certificate

The certificate issued by the DPWHs Representative upon correction of

defects by the Contractor.

Defects Liability Period

The one year period between project completion and final acceptance

within which the Contractor assumes the responsibility to undertake the

repair of any damage to the Works at his own expenses, aside from his

responsibility under warranty of the Civil Code which is 5 years for

horizontal, and 15 years for vertical.

Drawings (Plans)

The plans, profiles, typical cross sections, working drawings and

supplemental drawings, approved by the Engineer / the PE, or exact

reproductions thereof, which show the location, character, dimensions,

and details of the work. They include all supplementary details, shop

drawings, calculations, and other information provided or approved for

the execution of this Contract.

Engineer

In this Manual, Engineer means a qualified professional appointed or

designated by the Employer (DPWH) to render technical and/or

administrative decision for the purposes of supervising a project. In

DPWH, the hierarchy of command based on delegated authority of

officials/officers is being observed, hence the title Engineer most likely

changes in person of authority depending on the subject matter and its

cost limit from the omnibus levels of authority of DPWH officers and

officials.

Likewise, person appointed by the Contractor to act as Engineer for the

purposes of supervising the project and named in the Special Conditions

of Contract is also known as Engineer of the Contractor.

Environment

Surrounding air, water (both ground and surface), land, flora, fauna,

humans and their interrelations.

Environmental Compliance Certificate

A certificate of Environmental Compliance Commitment to which the

Proponent conforms with, after DENR-EMB explains the ECC conditions,

by signing the sworn undertaking of full responsibility over

implementation of specified measures which are necessary to comply

with existing environmental regulations or to operate within best

Road Project Management and Supervision Manual Vol.1 Main Text xxiv

environmental practices that are not currently covered by existing laws. It

is a document issued by the DENR/EMB after a positive review of an ECC

application, certifying that the Proponent has complied with all the

requirements of the EIS System and has committed to implement its

approved Environmental Management Plan. The ECC also provides

guidance to other agencies and to LGUs on EIA findings and

recommendations, which need to be considered in their respective

decision-making process.

Environmentally Critical Area

An environmentally sensitive area declared through Proclamation 2146

wherein significant environmental impacts are expected if certain

types/thresholds of proposed projects are located, developed or

implemented in it. Updating of technical descriptions of ECAs is vested on

the DENR-EMB through Section 2-D of AO 42 (2002).

Environmentally Critical Project

Projects belonging to project types declared through Proclamation No.

2146 and Proclamation No. 803 which may pose significant negative

environmental impact at certain thresholds of operation regardless of

location. Updating of technical descriptions of ECPs is vested on the

DENR-EMB through Section 2-D of AO 42 (2002), in coordination with the

DTI as provided for in Section 3-A of AO 42.

Environmental Impact Assessment

Process that involves evaluating and predicting the likely impacts of a

project (including cumulative impacts) on the environment during

construction, commissioning, operation and abandonment. It also

includes designing appropriate preventive, mitigating and enhancement

measures addressing these consequences to protect the environment

and the communitys welfare.

Environmental Impact Statement

Document, prepared and submitted by the project Proponent and/or EIA

Consultant that serves as an application for an ECC. It is a comprehensive

study of the significant impacts of a project on the environment. It

includes an Environmental Management Plan/Program that the

Proponent will fund and implement to protect the environment.

Environmental Management Plan/Program

Section in the EIS that details the prevention, mitigation, compensation,

contingency and monitoring measures to enhance positive impacts and

xxv Road Project Management and Supervision Manual Vol.1 Main Text

minimize negative impacts and risks of a proposed project or undertaking.

For operating projects, the EMP can also be derived from an EMS.

Environmental Management Systems

Refers to the EMB PEPP EMS as provided for under DAO 2003-14, which

is a part of the overall management system of a project or organization

that includes environmental policy, organizational structure, planning

activities, responsibilities, practices, procedures, processes and

resources for developing, implementing, achieving, reviewing and

maintaining an improved overall environmental performance.

Environmental Monitoring Fund

Fund that a Proponent shall set up after an ECC is issued for its project or

undertaking, to be used to support the activities of the multi-partite

monitoring team. It shall be immediately accessible and easily

disbursable.

Government Procurement Policy Board

The Government Procurement Policy Board established in accordance

with R.A.9184.

Head of the Procuring Entity

The head of the agency or his duly authorized official, for national

government agencies, or the local chief executive, for local government

units stated in the SCC. Provided that in a department, office or agency

where the procurement is decentralized, the head of each decentralized

unit shall be considered as the Head of the Procuring Entity subject to the

limitations and authority delegated by the head of the department, office

or agency.

IRR

The implementing rules and regulations to be promulgated in accordance

with Section 75 of R.A.9184.

IRR-A

"IRR-A" is promulgated pursuant to Section 74 of Republic Act No. 9184

(R.A. 9184), otherwise known as the Government Procurement Reform

Act (GPRA), for the purpose of prescribing the necessary rules and

regulations for the modernization, standardization, and regulation of the

procurement activities of the government. IRR-A shall cover all fully

domestically funded procurement activities from procurement planning

up to contract implementation and termination.

Negative Slippage

Road Project Management and Supervision Manual Vol.1 Main Text xxvi

A delay in work execution occurring when actual accomplishment falls

below the target as measured by the difference between the scheduled

and actual accomplishment of the Work by the Contractor as established

from the work schedule. This is actually described as a percentage of the

whole Works.

Notice to Proceed

Written notice issued by the DPWH to the Contractor requiring the latter

to begin the commencement of the work not later than the specified of

determinable date.

Permanent Works

All permanent structures and all other project features and facilities

required to be constructed and completed in accordance with this

Contract which shall be delivered to the DPWH and which shall remain at

the Site after the removal of all Temporary Works.

Project Engineer

In this Manual, Project Engineer means an Engineer appointed or

designated by the Employer (DPWH) to be responsible for the technical

operation and administrative supervision well-being of one or more

projects assisted by Resident Engineer in each project. The Project

Engineer serves as the link person between project field offices and

Employer (DPWH) Implementing Offices (IOs) or PMOs.

Special Provisions

The specifications prepared for specific terms of work or methods of

construction, measurement and payment under each contract, which are

not covered by the DPWH Standard Specifications.

Specifications

The description of Works to be done and the qualities of materials to be

used, the equipment to be installed and a method of construction.

Subcontractor

Any person or organization Who has subcontracted a part of the works of

the Contractor, as allowed by the DPWH, but not an assignee of such

person/organization.

Temporary Works

Works designed, constructed, installed, and removed by the Contractor

that are needed for construction or installation of the Permanent Works.

Tolerance

The allowable limits of variation from a specified measurement.

xxvii Road Project Management and Supervision Manual Vol.1 Main Text

Unit Prices

These shall be prepared for each contract using costs based on

reasonable approved current prices as projected over the proposed

construction period, divided into local and foreign exchange costs, as the

case may be.

Work(s)

The Permanent Works and Temporary Works to be executed by the

Contractor in accordance with this Contract, including (i) the furnishing of

all labor, materials, equipment and others incidental, necessary or

convenient to the complete execution of the Works; (ii) the passing of

any tests before acceptance by the DPWHs Representative; (iii) and the

carrying out of all duties and obligations of the Contractor imposed in the

Contract.

Engineering Words -- Portland Cement Concrete Pavement

Admixture

A substance other than cement, water or aggregate added to a batch of

fresh concrete to alter one of the normal properties of concrete.

Batching Plant

The plant either on or off the work site where the materials are

assembled by batches for the mixer. Water and admixtures usually are

added as the batch is introduced into the mixer.

Coarse Aggregate

Aggregate which is retained on the No.4 (4.75 mm) sieve.

Contraction Joint

A joint which controls the location of a transverse crack and permits the

slab to contract and expand with changes in temperature.

Dowel or Dowel Bar

A smooth steel bar extending across a concrete joint to transfer the

applied load, prevent future misalignment of the slab and permit

movement at the joint.

Dowel Assembly

A cage or basket used to hold dowels in position during placement of

concrete.

Expansion Joint

A joint adjacent to a bridge or intersection to absorb expansion of

concrete pavement and prevent expansive pressure on the bridge or

intersecting pavement.

Road Project Management and Supervision Manual Vol.1 Main Text xxviii

Joint Sealer

A compound for preventing entrance of water and solid particles into a

joint. The sealer may either be performed or liquid.

Longitudinal Joint

A joint which extends lengthwise in the roadway, parallel to the

centerline.

Segregation

The unintentional separation of the larger pieces of aggregate from the

smaller pieces within one size of aggregate or within a mixture of sizes of

fresh concrete.

Slip-Form Paving

Concrete paving by use of a machine carrying its own forms between

which low slump concrete is compacted sufficiently to retain its shape

after the machine has progressed onward.

Tie Bar

A deformed dowel or hook-bolt placed across longitudinal joints of

concrete pavement near middle depth to tie the slabs together and hold

the joint closed.

Engineering Words -- Asphalt Concrete Pavement -

Aggregate

Mineral material, such as sand, gravel, crushed stone, slag, or

combinations thereof.

Asphalt Concrete

A mixture of aggregate and asphalt binder (Bitumen).

Asphalt Binder (Bitumen)

A thermoplastic binding material obtained as a residue in the distillation

of petroleum, which may contain additives to enhance performance.

Coarse Aggregate

Aggregate which is retained on the No.4 (4.75 mm) sieve.

Cut Back Asphalt

Asphalt binder which has been rendered fluid by fluxing it with a light

volatile petroleum distillate. Upon exposure to atmospheric conditions,

the volatile distillate evaporates, leaving only the asphalt cement which

reverts to its original semi-solid condition. Cut back asphalts are classified

as rapid curing (RC), medium curing (MC), or slow curing (SC).

Emulsion (Asphalt)

A suspension of extremely small droplets of asphalt in water in the

xxix Road Project Management and Supervision Manual Vol.1 Main Text

presence of an emulsifying agent, which usually is a type of soap. Upon

exposure to atmospheric conditions, the water evaporates, leaving only

the asphalt cement which has been modified by the emulsifying agent.

Emulsions are classified as rapid setting (RS or CRS), medium setting (MS

or CMS), or slow setting (SS or CSS).

Job Mix Formula (JMF)

The mix composition of an asphalt concrete approved by the Laboratory.

The job mix formula (JMF) of a mix can be generally obtained from

Marshal Stability Test.

Marshall Mix Design

Volumetric mix design procedure used to establish the optimum Asphalt

binder content for an asphalt concrete.

Prime Coat

An application of asphalt material made on the surface of a pavement

layer for the purpose of binding the surface particles together.

Tack Coat

An application of asphalt material made on a pavement surface for the

purpose of bonding the existing course to the overlying course.

Chapter 1 Introduction

1.1 Background The Department of Public Works and Highway, hereinafter referred to as "DPWH" and

Japan International Cooperation Agency, hereinafter referred to as "JICA", agreed in 2006 to implement the project for Improvement of Quality Management for Highway and Bridge Construction and Maintenance, hereinafter called as " Phase I", aiming to enhance the engineering knowledge of the Engineers of DPWH.

For the implementation of the said project, DPWH organized the Joint Coordinating Committee, hereinafter called as "JCC", Technical Working Group, hereinafter called as "TWG" and Counterpart Working group, hereinafter called as "CWG". On its part, JICA dispatched the JICA Technical Cooperation Project Team, hereinafter referred to as "JICA TCP Team" from February 2007 to February 2010.

Under Phase I, the following manuals/guidelines were prepared and issued for road construction and maintenance through the CWG's activities.

* Guidebook for Road Construction and Maintenance Management in the Republic ofthe Philippines,

* Road Project Management and Supervision Manual, Volume I: Main Text and* Road Project Management and Supervision Manual, Volume II: Appendices (Standard

Form, Examples and References)From October 2011 to September 2014, the DPWH and JICA TCP Team -newly

dispatched by JICA - implemented the project for Improvement of Quality Management for Highway and Bridge Construction and Maintenance, Phase II, hereinafter called as " Phase II" to aim further enhancement.

This manual, Road Project Management and Supervision Manual, Volume I: Main Text, Second Edition, was prepared under Phase II through the revision work done by CWG based on the Road Project Management and Supervision Manual, Volume I: Main Text, 1st Edition mentioned above.

The Volume I 1st Edition was a revision of the Road Construction Manual which was published in 1990 and subject to be updated every 5 to 10 years. Thus, it was reviewed and updated in Phase II.

1.2 Purpose Engineers of the DPWH concerned with road construction and management are the main

targets of this Manual. The CWG made efforts to make this Manual 2nd Edition easy to

Road Project Management and Supervision Manual Vol.1 Main Text 1 - 1

understand by the Engineers, hence, it would be an effective tool related to the above areas.

1.3 Outline This Manual serves as reference in order to achieve quality projects within the scheduled

time and budget as specified in the Contract. It includes project management and road construction supervision information and techniques applicable to both development projects and maintenance programs as illustrated below. It covers both locally-funded and foreign-funded projects and programs undertaken by contract and is also useful for maintenance activities undertaken by Administration - Maintenance by Administration (MBA), Design-Bid-Build (DBB) and Design-Build (DB) contracts.

Table 1.1 Classifications of Projects and Programs

Funding Category DPWH Implementing Office

Central Office ROs DEOs

PMOs BOM BOC

Foreign-Funded Projects

(WB, ADB, JICA, etc.)

Development Projects (New Construction/ Upgrading/ Rehabilitation)

ICB Projects

ICB Projects

Maintenance Programs (Preventive & Routine)

LCB Projects

LCB

Projects

Locally-Funded Projects

(GAA, MVUC, etc.)

Development Projects (New Construction/ Upgrading/ Rehabilitation)

LCB Projects

LCB

Projects LCB

Projects

Maintenance Programs (Preventive & Routine)

LCB

Projects LCB

Projects

Legend: ICB: International Competitive Bidding, LCB: Local Competitive Bidding

The Manual is composed of two (2) volumes: a) Volume I - Main Text and b) Volume II

- Sample Forms and Documents.

1 - 2 Road Project Management and Supervision Manual Vol.1 Main Text

Chapter 2 Contracts and Guidelines

2.1 Locally-funded Contract The DPWH conducts the project design thru Force Account or employ Consultants and

procures civil works through bidding. The Contractor executes the project in accordance with the Contract. This type of contract is called as Design-Bid-Build (DBB) Contract.

2.2 Foreign-funded Contract The Japan International Cooperation Agency (JICA), World Bank (WB) and Asian

Development Bank (ADB) are the major partners of the DPWH in its road sector development projects. Likewise, with the assistance of the World Bank, the DPWH has initiated the National Roads Improvement and Management Program (NRIMP) and plans to further enhance/improve the implementation of said program with the assistance and cooperation of JICA and ADB . The following are being adopted in the implementation of the NRIMP:

- Asset Management Approaches - Long-Term Performance Based Maintenance (LTPBM) - Design-Build (DB) Contract - Value Engineering

2.2.1 Asset Management Approach

The asset management approach is effective for sustainability of road facilities and services. Asset management can be defined as a comprehensive and structured approach to the long term management of assets as tools for the efficient and effective delivery of community benefits or systematic process of effectively maintaining, upgrading and operating assets, combining engineering principles with sound business practice and economic rationale. The priority is given to maintenance (preventive and routine maintenance) of the existing facilities rather than new construction as illustrated in the following figure:

Road Project Management and Supervision Manual Vol.1 Main Text 2 - 1

Figure 2.1 Asset Management Approach

2.2.2 Long-Term Performance Based Maintenance

The ongoing LTPBM under NRIMP is a contract implementation method applying performance based specifications. The contractor is responsible for keeping road function and quality through maintenance for multiple years after construction. Performance characteristics may include end-result elements such as product strength, bearing capacity, stability, visibility, and crack-free, as well as more functional requirements such as smoothness, friction, noise reduction, chip retention, splash, and spray.

Under NRIMP, the contracts will be predominantly of the hybrid type including rehabilitation and structural overlays with the standard routine and preventive maintenance (both backlog and performance-based) interventions. Shoulder re-grading, side-slope maintenance, side and cross drainage structure cleaning and maintenance, and maintenance of road marking and roadside signs will be part of the performance-based phase. The rehabilitation, structural overlays and other backlog maintenance items to be undertaken in the first year of the contract will be paid on an item-rate basis, and the performance-based component will be paid on a periodic lump-sum basis in relation to specified performance standards and rectification.

(1) Scope of LTPBM Contract

The LTPBM projects under the Road Enhancement and Asset Preservation Management Program (REAPMP) are of a hybrid type, which includes a combination of rehabilitation, preventive maintenance, backlog maintenance, routine maintenance and road safety. Scopes of contract are as follows:

2 - 2 Road Project Management and Supervision Manual Vol.1 Main Text

Table 2.1 Scope of LTPBM Contract Rehabilitation Reconstruction will be applied to paved road sections which are

assessed to be in bad condition. It also involves restoring them to their original condition as designed and constructed. The major works include partial reconstruction, replacement of shattered concrete pavement slabs and Asphalt Concrete (AC) overlay (single or 2 layers) on the existing pavement. The works also include drainage, improvement and slope and scour protection works.

Preventive Maintenance

Asphalt overlay on paved road sections in fair and poor condition to improve surface condition and/or strengthening the existing pavement structures. Thickness of AC overlay will also be planned for roads in good condition as it is expected to deteriorate and subject to fair condition during 5-year contract period.

Backlog Maintenance Restoration of shoulders, reconditioning or provision of new drainage, and minor improvements such as localized slope protection.

Routine Maintenance Maintaining the road condition through routine repairs including pothole patching, sealing of cracks on pavement, shoulder grading, drainage cleaning, vegetation control, road markings maintenance and bridge maintenance.

Road Safety Road safety works include installation of road safety facilities (guard rails, guide posts, warning and information signs), road marking and public information.

(2) Performance Indicators of LTPBM

Performance standards/requirements represent the desired level of performance or output of the of Long Term Performance-Based Maintenace Enhancement (LTPBME) road link, in terms of quality, quantity, timeliness and other aspects of the output and service, against which the actual output will be measured and compared. The objectives of performance standards/requirements are (a) to satisfy the road users in terms of accessibility, comfort, travel speed and safety; (b) to minimize the total road system cost, including cost to road users and the DPWH over the life cycle cost of the assets; and (c) to minimize environmental impacts. The LTPBME roads should aim to achieve good to fair conditions only. The following table indicates road condition categories to be adopted for the LTPBM.

Road Project Management and Supervision Manual Vol.1 Main Text 2 - 3

Table 2.2 Road Condition Category Road

Condition General condition Treatment Measure

Good

New pavement or with slight minor defects (pop-outs, map cracking, partial loss of joint

Little or no maintenance required.

First signs of cracks (all tight); First utility patch; moderate scaling in some locations.

Needs joint and cracking sealing (routine maintenance).

Fair

Moderate to severe scaling/raveling, spalling or rutting over 25% of the surface. Moderate settlement, several narrow cracks

Needs some partial/full depth repairs grinding and/or asphalt overlay to correct surface defects.

Poor

Many cracks, open and severely spalled. Severe faulting, spalling or rutting. Extensive patching in fair to poor condition, Moderate settlement

Needs extensive full depth patching plus some full slab replacement (for concrete).

Bad Extensive cracking severely spalled and patched (in poor condition). Severe and extensive settlements/potholes

Needs to rebuild pavement/total reconstruction.

Table 2.3 International Roughness Index and Road Condition Category Road

Condition

Category

Surface VIC

Ranges in

ROCOND

Asphalt Concrete Cement Concrete Gravel

Range Rep. Value Range Rep. Value Range Rep. Value

Good 3.0 or less 2.5 4.0 or less 3.5 6.0 or less 5.0 1 to 20

Fair 3.1 to 5.0 4.0 4.1 to 6.0 5.0 6.1 to 9.0 7.5 20.1 to 40

Poor 5.1 to 7.0 6.0 6.1 to 8.0 7.0 9.1 to 12.0 10.0 40.1 to 70

Bad > 7.0 8.0 > 8.0 9.0 > 12.0 14.0 70.1 to 100

Source: PMS, DPWH

The intervention IRI for the overlay should be defined based on a pavement deterioration curve reflecting the existing pavement strength and soundness, traffic level and function of the road. Even if the current road condition is good, it would require PM if it accommodates heavy truck traffic. The following table shows typical intervention pattern on LTPBM Road.

2 - 4 Road Project Management and Supervision Manual Vol.1 Main Text

Table 2.4 Typical Intervention Pattern on LTPBM Road

Condition Year

1 2 3 4 5

Good

Fair*1 RM*2

Fair PM

Good RM

Good RM

Good RM

Fair RM

Fair RM

Fair PM

Good RM

Good RM

Good RM

Fair RM

Fair RM

Fair PM

Good RM

Fair Fair PM

Good RM

Good RM

Good RM

Fair RM

Poor Poor RH

Good RM

Good RM

Good RM

Fair RM

Bad Bad RH

Good RM

Good RM

Good RM

Fair RM

*1: Road Condition Category, Good, Fair, Poor and Bad *2: Corresponding Rehabilitation and Maintenance Work (RH: Rehabilitation, PM/O: Preventive Maintenance/Overlay, RM: Routine Maintenance)

(3) Design-Build (DB) Contract

The DPWH has recently introduced DB contract under the WB-financed NRIMP-I and II and will be enhanced under the road sector projects financed by JICA and ADB. The above LTPBM is a new project implementation scheme combined with the DB method as it is able to give the design and construction responsibility to the Design-Build Contractor. The preliminary design is still required for defining the project concept and cost for the DB contract bidding.

Many highway agencies have been experimenting with a wide variety of innovative project delivery strategies aimed at lowering the costs and time to produce highway construction and rehabilitation projects while maintaining or improving project quality. One of these strategies is the DB project delivery. DB is a method of project delivery in which the design and construction phases of a project are combined into one contract, usually awarded on either a low bid or best-value basis. This is in contrast to the more traditional Design-Bid-Build (DBB)1 approach having been used in the DPWH that outsourced project design work, or conducted it by own administrative force. The two different contracting efforts must be undertaken in sequence to procure architecture/engineering services.

1 Design-Bid-Build: The DPWH conducts design of road project by Force Account or employing Consultant at first and procures civil works contractor through bidding. After that, the Contractor executes the project in accordance with the contract.

Road Project Management and Supervision Manual Vol.1 Main Text 2 - 5

Section 17.6 of the Implementing Rules and Regulations - Part A (IRR-A) of Republic Act 9184 recognizes the use of design and build scheme in the procurement of infrastructure projects. The following table shows the general advantages and disadvantages of Design-Build Contract.

Table 2.5 Advantages and Disadvantages of Design-Built Contract

Advantages Disadvantages

- One Contractor bears all risks and responsibilities

- Reduced design and construction periods and final project cost

- Assured quality of the structure

- Too much discretion given to Contractor - Difficulty in predicting the final cost - The end result may not exactly be in

accordance with what the procuring entity required

Source: Government Procurement Policy Board (GPPB)

The following figure shows sequence of project delivery activity by Contract Approaches, DBB and DB. It is generally said that the DB approach could save overall project implementation time compared with conventional DBB approach.

Source: GPPB Figure 2.2 Sequence of Project Delivery

(4) Value Engineering

Concept Planning

Preliminary Design

Select Design-Builder

Final Project Design & Clearances

Construction

Design-Build Associated Time SavingsMinimal to Extensive Contractor Input

Extensive Contractor Input

Concept Planning

Preliminary Design

Select Designer

Final Project Design & Clearances

ConstructionSelect Contractor

Extensive Contractor Input

Minimal Contractor Input

Design-Bid-Build Scheme

Design-Build Scheme

2 - 6 Road Project Management and Supervision Manual Vol.1 Main Text

Value Engineering is defined as the systematic application of recognized techniques by a multi-disciplined team to identify the function of a product or service, establish a worth for that function, generate alternatives through the use of creative thinking, and provide the needed functions to accomplish the original purpose of the project, reliably, and at the lowest life-cycle cost without sacrificing safety, necessary quality, and environmental attributes of the project.

More simply, it is defined as Value = Function / Cost

Value Engineering is a tool applicable in various stages of project development such as functional analysis, feasibility study and evaluation matrix (multi-criteria matrix). This is more effective in large and/or complicated projects but not for simple and small projects.

2.3 Guidelines, Manuals and Practices 2.3.1 Basic Guidelines and Manuals

The relations of basic guidelines for procurement and project implementation for the road infrastructures under the DPWH are illustrated in the following figure:

Figure 2.3 Procurement and Contract Guidelines The category, name of the documents, version (year issued) and issuing

agency/organization, to be used for the road and bridge projects of DPWH in this manual are

Republic Act (R.A.) 9184_Y2003

Implementing Rule and Regulations Part A (IRR-A) of

R.A.9184 for Locally-funded Projects_Y2004

DPWH Procurement Manual (DPM) for

Locally-funded projects, Volume III _Y2006

Philippine Bidding Documents (PBDs) Part II_Y2005

Implementing Rule and Regulations Part B (IRR-B) of

R.A.9184 for Foreign-funded

Proejcts

Loan Agreement and Procurement

Guide Lines of Funding Bank or

Agency

FIDIC Harmonized Edition for the

Multilateral Development

Banks (MDB)_Y2006

Han

dboo

k on

Phi

lippi

ne

Gov

ernm

ent

Proc

urem

ent (

R.A

.918

4 an

d A

men

ded

IRR

-A o

f R

.A.9

184

)_Y2

007

Foreign-funded Projects Locally-funded Projects

Road Project Management and Supervision Manual Vol.1 Main Text 2 - 7

shown in the following table:

Table 2.6 Reference Guidelines and Manuals Category Name of Documents Issued by Year Issued Remarks

Procurement Handbook on Philippine Government Procurement (R.A.9184 and Amended IRR-A of R.A.9184)

GPPB Sep. 2007 IRR-A is for domestically- funded procurement. IRR-B is for foreign- funded procurement but still under draft

DPWH Procurement Manual for Locally- Funded Infrastructure Projects through Public Bidding

DPWH Jan. 2006 Included Standard Bidding Forms and Bidding Documents

Construction Contract

Conditions of Contract for Construction for Building and Engineering Works designed by the Employer (The MDB Construction Contract)

FIDIC Mar. 2007 World Bank and ADB still use 1987/1992 or 1999 edition Construction Contract (Red Book)

Conditions of Contract for Design, Build and Operate Projects

FIDIC 2007 Edition Revision to 1999 Design-Build Conditions of Contract

GCC-Philippine Bid Documents (PBDs)

GPPB May 2005 Part II, Section III-GCC

Standard Specifications 2013, Volume II, Highways, Bridges and Airports (Blue Book)

DPWH 2013

Design Guidelines and Drawings

Volume I&II, Design Guidelines, Criteria and Standards (Red Book). Part 1: Survey and Investigation, Part 2: Hydraulic Design, Part 3:Highway Design and Part 4: Bridge Design

DPWH 1989 Under review by BOD/DPWH

Technical Standard and Guidelines for Planning and Design, Volume 1-Flood Control, Volume 3-Erosion & Sediments Control, Volume 4-Natural Slope Failure Countermeasures

PMO-FCSEC & JICA

2003

Guide I - Risk Management, Guide II Inventory Survey and Risk Assessment and Guide III Road Slope Protection

JICA 2007

Standard Drawings for Roads and Bridges

DPWH 1989 Under Review by BOD/DPWH

2.3.2 Standard Procurement and Implementation Guidelines

Republic Act 9184 and the following guidelines shall govern the procurement and implementing contracts for government procurements:

2 - 8 Road Project Management and Supervision Manual Vol.1 Main Text

Table 2.7 DPWH Procurement Manuals

Guidelines2 Content Remarks

1. Handbook on Philippine Government Procurement (4th Edition)

Includes amended IRR-A of R.A. 9184 and Latest GPPB3 issuances

Subject to updating. Concerned Office: *BAC

2. Philippine Bid Documents(PBDs), Procurement of Works, 2nd Edition

Bid procedures and practices of R.A. 9184, harmonized with ADB, JICA and WB4

Subject to updating Concerned Office: *BAC

3. DPWH Procurement Manual for Locally-funded Infrastructure Project through Public Bidding

Procurement Guidelines, Manuals, Standard Forms, Standard Bid Documents in compliance with IRR-A of R.A.9184

Subject to updating Concerned Office: *BAC

4. DPWH Procurement Manual for Goods through Public Bidding

Procurement Guidelines for Goods in compliance with IRR-A of R.A. 9184

Subject to updating Concerned Office: *BAC

*DPWH Bids and Awards Committee (BAC)

Figure 2.4 DPWH Procurement Manuals Cover Pages

The above Philippine Bid Documents (PBDs) include unchanged provisions in Section II

- Eligibility Documents of Part I; and Section I - Instructions to Bidders and Section III - General Conditions of Contract of Part II. Data and provisions specific to each procurement

2 As defined by Federal Highway Administration (FHA), USA 3 GPPB: Government Procurement Policy Board 4 In case of International Competitive Bidding (ICB) funded by ADB, JICA or WB, the use of the respective standard bid documents of these banks shall be required.

Input for Procurement of Goods(Volume II)

Road Project Management and Supervision Manual Vol.1 Main Text 2 - 9

and contract should be included in the Section III - Eligibility Data Sheet of Part I, Section II - Bid Data Sheet, and Section IV - Special Conditions of Contract of Part II.

The DPWH Procurement Manual is the specific manual complying with IRR-A of R.A.9184 but suit the particular needs of the DPWH. The Manual shall be applied to the entire DPWH organizations, including Central, Regional, District Engineering and other offices. Volume 2 shall be used for goods, Volume 3 for infrastructure projects and Volume 4 for consulting services.

2.3.3 International Stand