riverscape valorisation project: strategies and …the river agreement (ra) is an innovative...

115 Sustainable Architecture and Urban Development

Riverscape Valorisation Project Strategies and Principles - The Sangone Case Study

Roberta Ingararno Angioletta Voghera 11 Facolta di Architettura Politecnico di Torino

Abstract

The paper presents a multidisciplinary project relating to the implementation of the first experience in the Province of Turin (Region of Piedmont) of the Sangone River Basin Contract ie a voluntary pact between public and private actors involved in the management and use of water resources The aim of the pact was to promote participation environmental landscape and territorial valorisation of the river belt The multidisciplinary approach we adopted involved urban planning landscape ecology and urban and architectural design It allowed the definition of integrated visions directed towards promoting sustainability and overcoming the current critical aspects of the Sangone Territory such as the poor quality of the river habitat functional and hydroshygeological problems the degraded disused areas along the river and urban borders

Our multidisciplinary discussion involving Jandscape and territorial planning urban design and architectural design resulted in the definition ofthe masterplan vision and the projects of the specitic sites The project promotes restoration of the river preservation of its ecological integrity enhancement of river territory heritage and improvement of the use of the river as a site of integrated activities upgrading of its economic social cultural value and appeal

The study addresses a new model of settlement and building typology considering the idea of an integrated methodology aimed at improving sustainability and lifestyles These models can be considered applicabJe to similar case studies at intemationallevel

Keywords Sustainability and climate change landscape and territorial valorisation sustainable participative design territorial and local projects experimentation ofsettlement typologies

116 Roberta Ingaramo amp Angioletta Voghera

1 Fluvial Strategies for Climate Change

All too often the river has been the target of territory and landscape transformation and use of policies and projects inconsistent with its characteristic of resource As a fragile limited resource the river and its waters must be govemed in a sustainable way giving due consideration to recent cIimate change strategies (IPCC 2001)

The river can be an interesting experimental laboratory to be considered in all similar situations involving cIimate change strategies It is in faet

a territory where relationships between sustainable use of water air land and energy resources may pave the way to definition of new environmental economic and social strategies also promoting govemance synergies involving different levels of regional and local planning integrated in the statutory planning system (Kambites and Owen 2006 p 492)

a place where any change in cIimate over time is due to natural variability or as a result ofhuman activities (IPCC 2001 page 21)

a territory that needs implementation of mitigation and adaptation strategies as adjustment in natural or human system in response to actual or expected climate stimuli or their effect (IPCC 2007 P 869)

As mooted by Swart and Raes (2007 p 301) the way to develop adaptation strategies for cIimate change involves taking into account the consequences of mitigation strategies identifing synergies between spatial planning and design and building strategies according to institutional actors and policy-makers focusing on the fact that climate change strategies are part of large-scale sustainable development and should be enhanced at all levels of govemance policies

This implies re-orientation of river habitat management strategies currently focussed on exploiting the river basin as an inexhaustible source of water energy raw materials land and economic development This situation was encountered for the first time in Italy only in 1989 New approaches and forms of proteetion were identified in the river basin plan In attempting to deal with this situation they eneountered eonsiderable opposition from the interests of loeal communities and Munieipalities (local plans projects business aetivities ete) which tended to restriet their field of action The river basin plan provides guidelines for land and water rehabilitation and restoration for reducing floods for regulation of water extraction activities stabilisation of river banks protection of inhabitants and infrastructures and maintenance of works and systems (art 3) At 10 years from its introduction its cognitive programming and planning eompetencies based on cooperation with loeal actors and its contents have been extended to embrace mitigation of risks with fully-articulated environmental territorial and landscape resource management and fruition policies (Brunetta amp Voghera 2008 Voghera Brunetta 2009)

Sustainable Arehiteeture and Urban Development 117

However territorial govemanee plans and more specifieally the river basin plan are not suffieient (Voghera 2009) river polieies and projects must be completely redesigned starting from their potential role as a territoriallaboratory for cIimate change

2 From the River Agreement to the Projects

The River Agreement (RA) is an innovative territorial govemance tool that is particularly effective in defining shared strategies actions rules and projects for river basin environmental landscape economie and social requalifieation in aeeordanee with Water Framework Direetive No 200060CE objeetives (Kaika 2003) The RA (Provincia di Torino 2008) was introduced in Italy by the Piano di Tutela delle Acque (Waters Proteetion Plan) of the Piedmont Region (2007) the transitional sector plan of the River Po basin in the Po Plain It formulates strategie water protection objeetives based on assessment of the general health of the eeosystem (river-bed banks and peri-fluvial areas) eompatibility of land uses and settlement pressures water-related social and cultural behaviours with direct or indirect effects on the water system Jt is therefore a useful tool for weaving new relationships between territorial and local polieies and projeets guiding experimentation ofclimate ehange strategies (see Figure 1)

Moving in the same direetion the Strueture Plan of the Provinee of Turin (2009) prornotes improvement of the quality and rational use of the waters valorisation of river belt eeologieal integrity and landscape reeonstruetion through a new form of river territory govemanee The latter must be based on participation in RA and in the strategie projeets of loeal and regional eommunities in order to frame shared sustainable management and territorial development policies (West and Gawith 2005 Hedger et al 2006)

The RA is therefore a flexible tool effective in mediating between local eonfliets and interests through negotiated proeesses Moreover it is eonsistent with speeifie territorial voeations and able to establish a dialogue between various socio-economie programming instruments and typical planning territorial urban and architeetural design tools and also with the various actors who contribute to construeting the territory In this way the RA succeeds in integrating the different territorial and landseape aetions envisaged by the Strueture Plan of the Provinee of Turin RA aetions are speeifieally direeted towards the setting up of eeologieal networks along the river restoration of the natural conditions of the river and valorisation of areas of highest environmental prestige and biodiversity In this view the RA guides loeal plans towards more suitable use of the land and promoting large-seale and loeal area projects for valorisation ofthe territory and ofthe peri-fluviallandseape


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bull Figure I Left The RA within the framework of socio-economic programs and territorial policies and plans Right The RA as a planning and project guidance

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The RA of the Sangone river basin represents the first experience in the Piedmont Region of participative planning and design coordinated by the Province of Turin of a river basin and its territory It is a negotiated programming tool for requalification of the river and its territory based on a coshyplanning approach intended to construct long-term shared development scenarios The negotiated approach - in accordance with the river management practices adopted in Germany France Spain and The Netherlands (Affeltranger Lasserre 2003 Bauchet Ratouis Cambom 2005) can be considered a positive factor in promoting application of the scenarios Nevertheless it requires specification of design aspects in the guidelines regulatory norms and projects for the large scale of the Provincial Structure Plan and for the local territory of local plans It is certainly an interesting experiment in formulating large scale and local plans and projects according to a bottom-up approach based on direct involvement of institutional and social stakeholders and the population The latters participation in forums workshops and meetings is aimed at definining shared territorial development and landscape valorisation perspectives thereby orienting the projects (Bobbio 2004 Baraggioli 2008) However similarly to all other strategie planning tools the RA defines general action frameworks whose principles and objectives are readily shared by institutional and socioshyeconomic actors but which run the risk of becoming sterile if they do not move down to the scale of the project adopting instruments able to guarantee application (CoE 2008)

In the Province of Turin the process of participation wound up with an interdisciplinary design Workshop involving the II Faculty of Architecture of Politecnico di Torino and the faculties ofNatural Sciences and Agriculture Such Workshop was intended to define a Masterplan of the Action Plan of the Sangone river basin RA (lngaramo and Voghera 2009a) It also proposed to meet the need for renewal of the design concept of our settlements or as i5 often the case their re-organisation restructuring or completion The experimentation resulted in formulation of a set of design hypotheses which embracing the entire territory of the basin of the Sangone river move in various ways towards solving a set of integrated problems valorisation of all-round biodiversity the system of

Sustainable Architecture and Urban Development 119

paths promotion of fruition and accommodation facilities localisation of new activities redesign of urban boundaries

As regards approach to the local project an attempt was made to identify a new settlement model not restricted to definition of a building typology It should be extremely flexible but applicable to vast sections of the territory placing building and voids rural areas public green spaces private open spaces and buildings on the same hierarchicallevel

3 The Methodology

The methodology developed through the research and teaching path of the Workshop (see Figure 2) is based on integration of urban planning and architectural and urban design biological and natural sciences and landscape ecology (see Figure 3)

Figure 2 Workshop Jury and Final Conference march - june 2009

Urban planning has always focussed on defining large-scale project scenarios for adoption of strategies within the framework of territory and landscape planning and programming tools It tends to address these issues with particular attention to policies rules and institutional and social actors but should return to reflecting on the implementation orientation and repercussions of the projects Having broadened research horizons to embrace the large scale and landscape issues (CoE 2000 CoE 2008) architectural and urban design often tend to ignore or underestimate the complex strategies stakeholders and actors of the transformation processes of territorial areas and habitats preferring image projects that seem to guarantee quality and social and institutional consensus Therefore establishing a dialogue between several disciplines a design methodology must be redefined lt should explore new settlement patterns and flexible types of architecture integrated with the territorial system and it should implement - in the strategic framework ofthe Masterplan -Iocal policies programs design capabilities and experimentation in specific areas This experimentation have been developed by transecting sections - tridimentional sections defined at the landscape scale detailed at the architectural scale located in areas and sites of specific interest These locations are strategic for urban services system ecological needs cultural and historical heritage and they can be transformed by the focus projects in order to valorize the whole system

120 Roberta lngaramo amp Angioletta Voghera

Metodology Town and Regionol Planning

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Figure 3 lnterdisciplinary methodology for the definition ofthe masterplan and the local projects

The RA of the Sangone represents an occasion not only for experimenting innovative design approaches but also for defining territory and landscape transformation scenarios that affect different areas of design action

the vast area which on the scale of the Sangone river basin and its territory requires design strategies able to reinforce landscape values (the river and its waters its banks and ecological-environmental potentialities historic-cultural heritage the rural territory symbols and traditions of identity margins and inhabited areas) according to local planning capabilities and also to the economic resources necessary for application

the margins between territories with a different vocation to be redesigned and characterised starting from the urban fringes that infiltrate the rural and fruition nature belts without proposing a substantial design able to evolve and adapt to the currently-emerging environmental socio-economic and cultural demands of the territories

focus areas in which to develop protection and valorisation projects for transcalar experimentation of integration between the new ecological and fruition networks Excellent and ordinary natural rural and urban areas and landscapes should be preserved and inhabited areas should be transformed also through application of new sustainable exportable settlement typologies and models

Sustainability-inspired experimentation activities in the territory and landscape ofthe Sangone can be developed only through dialogue between large scale and local actions integrating territorial and architectural design disciplines with their different approach es and methods

Sustainable Architecture and Urban 121

4 The Projects

Alternative design policies have been developed in local plans and projects on the basis of the strategie scenarios of the Action Plan of the RA which formulates general objectives - partly reflected in large-scale plans (regional provincial strategie ordinary and programming such as Rural Development Plans strategie shared programs) Such policies address environment and landscape valorisation and fruition quality of the waters safety and hydroshygeological maintenance ofthe territory

The strategies proposed at the Workshop identify diverse complementary methods of action that trigger the design processes of ecological networks of the system of fruition the systems of service and the relation between buiIt limit and natural environments Most ofthe projects focus on the River-Park metaphor as a landscape sequence imbued with universally-acknowledged positive connotations encountering social and political consensus but which do not offer a decisive solution to the role ofthe river as an actor ofterritorial innovation We believe that a cultural approach that starting from the river is able to trigger application of all-round innovation strategies with significant spillover on the broader territory crosswise to the peri-fluvial spaee must be adopted The visions proposed should develop an all-round view able to bring the river inside the territory as a starting point for new social habits and new urban and perishyurban configurations inspired by sustainability These visions impact the system of landscape and territorial resources inside the eities and on their borders the countryside natural and wooded areas This is the only approach able to make the river the foeal point of territory landscape and settlement innovation strategies that respond to the needs of climate change

The scenarios of the Workshop have been integrated in an interpretative synthesis of a general Masterplan (developed by us Ingaramo and Voghera 2009a see Figure 4 and 5) a view that embracing the entire territorial system at different scales aims to give water and space to the river and to make this an element of identification and of eonnection with the territory of the Val Sangone =-t

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Figure 4 Masterplan of The Sangone River integrated vision of students works (authors Ingaramo and Voghera)

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Figure 5 Design approach schemes First and second example ofbasin scale cross-sections third integration of significant nodes and networks (authors

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Evolution Scenarios

The general Masterplan has been formulated working on two levels the first starts from the axis of the river and unwinds traditionally along its course the other essential to relaunch the territory and to trigger innovative processes moves crosswise to the river through aseries of three-dimensional transecting sections located at significant nodes (assets values resources symbols core zones of the ecological corridors) and eritical aspeets of landscape structure (degraded areas or abandoned industrial areas under-used service areas quarries fringes of peripheral building landscapes without specific connotations)

Integration of these views is the only way to open new valorisation scenarios new frontiers of experimentation of sustainability oriented towards proposing an all-round viewable to integrate transformation scenarios at different territorial seal es - vast and loeal - (Voghera 2006) starting from the eoncept of the RivershyPark but without undermining its efficiency as facilitator of long-term change in the environment and quality of living and Iife

From this point of view the RA is able not onIy to stimulate the territories and build consensus around the strategie scenarios but also to transpose objectives and interests to a Iocal scale in order to identifY application instruments


We have identified a new tool the Action Agreement as a possible means of promoting transition from strategie scenarios to planning and implementation of the Masterplan in the territories This instrument together with its characteristics and declinations to be introduced and defined represents an innovation in relation to traditional strategie planning and socio-economic and territorial planning practices and it should be configured as a document that reconciles public and private interests In fact it could allow negotiatiation of economic and ownership interests It could also be useful for its contribution in offering operational spillover not restricted to formulating guidelines and rules but which also triggers new transversal planning capabilities With the definition of an Action Agreement that complies with the model of integration between design policies and the allocation of the local and economic resources necessary to guarantee implementation the river can be configured as an effective factor of innovation and valorisation oflocal and landscape identity

Figure 6 Chartografic elaboration ofthe actuallandscape situation Detail ofthe Stupinigi Castle and the new Sangone Park (authors Ingaramo and Voghera)


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Figure 7 Masterplan Detail ofthe Stupinigi Castle and the new Sangone Park (authors Ingaramo and Voghera)


Figure 8 Masterplan Detail ofthe new urban limits on the river Sangone (authors Ingaramo and Voghera)

This instrument configured as a methodology for implementation can also be adopted to settle conflicts between administrative decisions regarding land use of the territory and private opportunities making it possible to mediate between different ownership interests (considering the weakness of the Iocal plans that are often action areas immunes to the new sustainable governance needs - Cowell and Murdoch 1999 -)

The Action Agreement could inc1ude configuration of implementation design scenarios sueh as possible participative settlement and typological models useful in defining guidelines for design of the interventions usually carried out in subsequent phases by different designers and different public and private actors

In the current phase of partieipation and discussion of the Masterplan various evolution scenarios are being defined for (Figure 5 6 7 and 8)

development of a basin-seale design strategy to sustain a system of valorisation that reinforces the vast territory and landseape without overlooking specific loeal characteristics

definition of an all-round strategy for the ecosystem-river intended to promote quality of the waters and to redesign the river banks with particular attention to their insertion in the landscape

design interaction between the environmental and landscape system of the rural and natural territory of the basin of the Sangone and the system of fruition networks

identification of sets of functions and usage consistent with socioshyeconomic and cultural development requirements

the definition of new settlement models and urban limits with typological studies

6 Design experiments

The design experiments carried out within the framework of this experience identify work paths inspired by concept of sustainability in order to adopt all the policies localisation spatial relationships between buHt and free spaces design and formal technologies in an attempt to propose a sustainable design methodology

It is difficult to integrate tradition and innovation in an atternpt to pursue design intents that may be effective from the point ofview of sustainability

Very often consolidated settlement models are flanked by innovative energy-saving technologies and systems with the aim of complying with new legal constraints and in order to benefit from economic incentives The

126 Roberta Ingararno amp Angioletta Voghera

enterprises feeling the pinch of the economic crisis are reluctant to invest in innovation fearing a surplus of costs that would not generate an increase in sales

In some cases and only recently in Italy when the new energy-saving techniques are incorporated from the outset in the design process they sueceed in determining specific recognisable distribution and formal decisions with effective fall-out on the settlements as in the Vauban district of Freiburg already designed in 1994 (httpwwwvaubande)

However it is also possible to encounter cases in which sustainabiIity of building becomes a priority and imperative need with consequent exaltation of the techniques often to the detriment of design and formal aspects These results can be compared to technological images rather than integrated efficient construction systems (for example the competition between ever higher ecoshyefficient skyscraper projects in the Middle East Asia ete)

In recent years there have been many attempts also in Italy to experiment sustainable systems that aim to achieve cost-effeetiveness flexibility and integration but which in fact resemble catalogues of serial components to be produced at low cost on an industrial scale

Various architectural firms have tried to identify new roads such as for example the euro100 K horne of Mario Cucinella Architects (2007 shyhttpwwwmcarchitectsitl) promoted by aHuring slogans low cost drearn horne low environmental impact Also the exercise in good taste of the More With Less project of Cibic And Partners (2009 - httpwwwcibicpartnerscom) is accompanied by high-impact catch phrases that promise a future of change with an improved quality of life also assured by a new way of living Enjoy life in achanging world

The road of prefabricated modular design which offers flexible personalisable solutions able to cater to individual or family needs is certainly a major starting-point to identify systems compatible with the intrinsie variability of contemporary society Nevertheless it is still a partial solution to the problem of sustainability

Professor Thomas Herzog whose interesting architectural achievements include the Training Centre for the Bavarian mountain rescue in Germany and the solar buildings at Aarhus in Denmark reminds us that around half of the energy consumed by the population of the earth is used to construct and in particular for building maintenance (2006) Thus an effective research effort to identify a system project able in all its phases to adopt design and construction methods that consider the building and its components as one of the elements of a complex system and not the only reference of the project appears to be essential

Furthermore the need to define an objective method of ex ante and ex post assessment of the real sustainability of complex projects to estabIish hierarchies


and priorities to assign resources and initiate processes seems ever more pressing

The need to renew the design concept of our settlements or as is often the case their re-organisation restructuring or completion has spurred certain French administrations to revise the formula of such a useful instrument as the Project Competitions The competitions do not aim to achieve a univocal goal but move along the road of differentiation of thematic areas through types of proposals that may involve several interdisciplinary teams with only apparently different interests and perspectives but that in fact propose interesting integration-oriented solutions This is the case of the Concours International dIdees urbanisme et developpement durable addressing a territory of around 36000 hectares South West of Paris and involving 49 municipalities and two departments in the territories ofthe OIN (lngaramo 2009b)

The aim of identifying scenarios able to protect these territories and prevent them from being englobed in the sub-urbanisation of Paris has generated various proposals that as can be perceived in the competition documents do not claim to be exhaustive but rather to stimulate research and experimentation

The French example encourages reflection on the possibility of trying out new project approaches that move towards identification of settlement systems rather than real models not simply defining building typologies which in any case should be extremely flexible but which adapt to large sections of the territory

This research which considers the building as one of the elements of a more fully-articulated complex whole attempts to place building and voids rural areas public green spaces private open spaces and buildings (building-voidshynature) on the same hierarchicallevel (Ingaramo 2009a)

This kind of approach although broadly shared by those who deal with design encounters great difficulties in application They are due partly to the different ownership regimes that characterise large areas with diversified destinations defined by local plans and to a major extent to the difficult economic return on investments in public spaces and agricultural areas This aspect could be overcome only through major intervention and support of the local administrations who should perceive the long-term return on this type of investments Through a direct intervention able to guarantee equal rights to private owners it would be possible to define more fully-articulated complex systems-projects able to induce in-depth transformations and trigger a chain of continuative renewal processes

The project is the most suitable instrument for comparing solutions and hypotheses but at the moment the attempts to create models or systems of reference are still of a hybrid nature The identification of sustainable transcalar building schemes requires integration of these with similar visions of public and private open spaces rural and recreation territories protection areas and related system of connections and system of different landscapes


Our research still developing (2010-2012) new territorial landscapes and local transformation scenarios of the Sangone riverscape (urban peri-urban and rural) by transecting sections and detailed projects in specific areas suggested by the municipalities in order to define shared visions of new identity for the rivers sites This research involves our Architecture (Ingaramo) and Urban Planning (Voghera) students and the ASP School (Politecnico di Torino and Politecnico di Milano) with three different teams of students (Architecture Territorial Urban and Environmental Planning - Civil Engineering Environmental Engineering shyBusiness Organization Engineering - Civil Engineering in Water Management) involved in interdisciplinary projects

These hypotheses require diversified competencies with the contribution of local institutions and communities aimed at promoting context-oriented territorial and architectural design as an effective instrument of transformation and valorization (Ingaramo 2007)

References

Affeltranger B Lasserre F (2003) La gestion par bassin versant du principe ecologique a la contrainte politique le cas du Mekong Vertigo - La revue en sciences de Ienvironnement 14(3) decembre

Baraggioli S (2008) Il ruolo dei Comuni nello sviluppo locale Problemi di scala in una politica di valorizzazione fluviale In Borelli (Ed) (2008) Tracce di govemance Comunita e sviluppo nella Media Valle Po Franeo AngeH Milan

Bauchet Z C Ratouis c Cambom A Marqueste c Cachot 8 Clatran Vassor M (2005) Guide metodologique etude Bilan evalutation et prospective des contrats de nvere from hrtpwwwgesteaueaufrancefrdocumentationdocguideslGuide_etud e_ bilan _ CRpdf

Bobbio L (Ed) (2004) A piu voci Amministrazioni pubbliche imprese associazioni e cittadini nei processi decisionali inclusivi Edizioni scientifiche italiane Naples

Brunerta G amp Voghera A (2008) Evaluating Landscape for Shared Values Tools Principles Methods Landscape Research 33 (I) February 2008 pp 71 87

CoE (2000) European Landscape Convention Florence

CoE (2008) Recommendation CMRec(2008)3 of the Committee of Ministers to member states on the guidelines for the implementation of the European Landscape Convention

Cowell R and Murdoch J (1999) Land use and the limit to (regional) govemanee Some lessons from planning for housing and minerals in


England International Journal ofUrban and Regional Research 22 pp 654-669

Hedger M M Connell R and BramweIl P (2006) Bridging the gap Empowering decision-making lor adaptation through the UK Climate Impacts Programme Climate Policy 6(2) pp20 1-21 5

Herzog T (Ed) (2006) SOKA-BAU Utility Sustainability Efticiency Nutzung Effizienz N achhaltigkeit Prestel Verlag MuumlnchenBerliniLondonIN ew York

Ingaramo R (2007) 11 progetto co me trasformazione e valorizzazione dei paesaggio In Roggero c Della Piana E Montanari G (Ed) Il patrimonio architettonico e ambientale scritti per Micaela Viglino (pp 172-175) Celid Turin

Ingaramo R (2009a) Dallimmagine deI costruito alla costruzione deI progetto Celid Iurin

Ingaramo R and Voghera A (2009a) I Masterplan in Concorso di progettazione In Contratto di Fiume deI bacino deI torrente Sangone Masterplan dei piano dazione Provincia di Torino Turin pp 9-10

Ingaramo R and Voghera A (2009b) Visione integrata e possibili evoluzioni Concorso di progettazione Contratto di fiume dei bacino dei torrente Sangone Masterplan dei Piano dAzione Provincia di Torino Turin pp35-55

Ingaramo R (2009b) 11 progetto di architettura per valorizzare il fiume Urbanistica Informazioni 226 pp 56-57

IPCC (200]) Summary Report in Climate Change 200 I Synthesis Report Cambridge University Press Cambridge UK

Kaika M (2003) The Water Framework Directive A New Directive for a Changing Sodal Political and Economic European Framework European Planning Studies 11(3)

Kambites C and Owen S (2006) Renewed prospects for green infrastructure planning in the UK Planning Practicse and Research 21 ( 4) pp 483shy496

Provincia di Torino (2008) Piano d Azione dei Contratto di Fiume deI torrente Sangone 2008 from httpwwwprovinciatorinoitambienterisorse _ idricheprogettiidra2

Voghera A (2006) Culture europee di sostenibilita Storie e innovazioni nella pianificazione collana di studi e ricerche Citta Territorio Piano Gangemi editore Rome pp 159

Voghera A Brunetta G (2009) Landscape evaluation process A methodological proposal for spatial planning and decision making process In Licka L Schwab E (Ed) Landscape - Great ideal XshyLArch IlI ILA - Institute of Landscape Architecture (AUT) Wien pp 36-40


Voghera A (2009) n contratto di fiume come strumento di govemo Urbanistica Informazioni 226 pp 54-56

West C and Gawith M (Ed) (2005) Measuring progress Preparing far Climate Change through UKCIP UKCIP Oxford


1 Fluvial Strategies for Climate Change

All too often the river has been the target of territory and landscape transformation and use of policies and projects inconsistent with its characteristic of resource As a fragile limited resource the river and its waters must be govemed in a sustainable way giving due consideration to recent cIimate change strategies (IPCC 2001)

The river can be an interesting experimental laboratory to be considered in all similar situations involving cIimate change strategies It is in faet

a territory where relationships between sustainable use of water air land and energy resources may pave the way to definition of new environmental economic and social strategies also promoting govemance synergies involving different levels of regional and local planning integrated in the statutory planning system (Kambites and Owen 2006 p 492)

a place where any change in cIimate over time is due to natural variability or as a result ofhuman activities (IPCC 2001 page 21)

a territory that needs implementation of mitigation and adaptation strategies as adjustment in natural or human system in response to actual or expected climate stimuli or their effect (IPCC 2007 P 869)

As mooted by Swart and Raes (2007 p 301) the way to develop adaptation strategies for cIimate change involves taking into account the consequences of mitigation strategies identifing synergies between spatial planning and design and building strategies according to institutional actors and policy-makers focusing on the fact that climate change strategies are part of large-scale sustainable development and should be enhanced at all levels of govemance policies

This implies re-orientation of river habitat management strategies currently focussed on exploiting the river basin as an inexhaustible source of water energy raw materials land and economic development This situation was encountered for the first time in Italy only in 1989 New approaches and forms of proteetion were identified in the river basin plan In attempting to deal with this situation they eneountered eonsiderable opposition from the interests of loeal communities and Munieipalities (local plans projects business aetivities ete) which tended to restriet their field of action The river basin plan provides guidelines for land and water rehabilitation and restoration for reducing floods for regulation of water extraction activities stabilisation of river banks protection of inhabitants and infrastructures and maintenance of works and systems (art 3) At 10 years from its introduction its cognitive programming and planning eompetencies based on cooperation with loeal actors and its contents have been extended to embrace mitigation of risks with fully-articulated environmental territorial and landscape resource management and fruition policies (Brunetta amp Voghera 2008 Voghera Brunetta 2009)








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riverscape valorisation project: strategies and …the river agreement (ra) is an innovative...

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