riverhead rocky pointthe antenna is almost omnidirectional, with a slight increase in nw-se...

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Version 1 2018 11 Drummondville VE2CRD Version 2 2019 06 Granby VE2CRG Version 3 2019 10 Brossard VE2CLM Dans les années 1920, la Suède s’est associé à un réseau de communication télégraphique mondial dont le pivot (« Radio Central ») était à Riverhead (RX) et Rocky Point (TX), Long Island, NY. Two sites were selected: a receiving station (call sign “SAK”) in Kungsbacka relying on a 13- km 9-m high Beverage antenna and a transmitting station (call sign “SAQ”) in the Grimeton parish of Varberg, Sweden. Some fifty kilometres separate the two sites. La source de RF à Grimeton, un alternateur, est toujours en état de marche. Une association de retraités de la station le met en ondes typiquement 2 fois par année: - le dimanche le plus près du 2 juillet, sa date anniversaire d’inauguration (1925). https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Alexanderson_Day - la vieille de Noël. 1

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Page 1: Riverhead Rocky Pointthe antenna is almost omnidirectional, with a slight increase in NW-SE direction and a slight dip in the NE direction. Along the entire antenna there is a 500

Version 1 2018 11 Drummondville VE2CRDVersion 2 2019 06 Granby VE2CRGVersion 3 2019 10 Brossard VE2CLM

Dans les années 1920, la Suède s’est associé à un réseau de communication télégraphiquemondial dont le pivot (« Radio Central ») était à Riverhead (RX) et Rocky Point (TX), LongIsland, NY.

Two sites were selected: a receiving station (call sign “SAK”) in Kungsbacka relying on a 13-km 9-m high Beverage antenna and a transmitting station (call sign “SAQ”) in the Grimetonparish of Varberg, Sweden. Some fifty kilometres separate the two sites.

La source de RF à Grimeton, un alternateur, est toujours en état de marche.

Une association de retraités de la station le met en ondes typiquement 2 fois par année:- le dimanche le plus près du 2 juillet, sa date anniversaire d’inauguration (1925).

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Alexanderson_Day- la vieille de Noël.

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Page 2: Riverhead Rocky Pointthe antenna is almost omnidirectional, with a slight increase in NW-SE direction and a slight dip in the NE direction. Along the entire antenna there is a 500

299.792458 m/sec. ÷ 0.0172 MHz = 17 429.794 mètres = 17.4 kilomètres

Si l’énergie de l’alternateur était acheminée à un haut-parleur géant, de « jeunes » humainspourraient l’entendre sur une certaine distance.

L’énergie alimente plutôt une antenne gigantesque et une onde radio est crée,Une onde capable de traverser l’océan.

SAQ émet en télégraphie, mais la machine aurait pu accommoder de la modulationd’amplitude (AM).

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Page 3: Riverhead Rocky Pointthe antenna is almost omnidirectional, with a slight increase in NW-SE direction and a slight dip in the NE direction. Along the entire antenna there is a 500

Quelques allocations amateures et la fréquence utilisée par SAQ dans la gamme Very LowFrequency.

SAQ sent its first transmission on December 1st, 1924 on the frequency 16.7 kHz, lateradjusted to 17.2 kHz

http://alexander.n.se/albert-einstein-the-alexanderson-high-frequency-alternator/?lang=en

Le spectre radio « officiel » débute à 9 kHz.

Stefan Schäfer DK7FC fait notamment des expériences sous 9 kHz.https://www.qrz.com/db/DK7FC

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Page 4: Riverhead Rocky Pointthe antenna is almost omnidirectional, with a slight increase in NW-SE direction and a slight dip in the NE direction. Along the entire antenna there is a 500

VOACAP Online HF Predictions (Amateur Radio)

L’emplacement choisi en Suède permettait un trajet en très grande majorité au dessus del’océan jusqu’à Long Island [ pour une atténuation minimale ].

Lieu choisi pour notre écoute: St-Joachim-de-Shefford = grid FN35rk

Grimeton: grid JO67ec

Time set to: 2019 06 30, 08h40 UTC

Distance Saint-Joachim – Grimeton = 5670 km ( 5270 km océan = 93%, 400 km terre = 7% )

5670 km ÷ 17.442 km = trajet de 325 λ

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Page 5: Riverhead Rocky Pointthe antenna is almost omnidirectional, with a slight increase in NW-SE direction and a slight dip in the NE direction. Along the entire antenna there is a 500

The Multiple Tuned Antenna ( U.S. Patent No. 1360168 )

The antenna array comprises six 127-m high (416’) steel towers, spaced 380 metres (1247’)apart and spanning nearly 2 km in total [380×5=1900].

Each tower is topped by a 46-m (151’) wide cross arm originally supporting 12 wires[ reduced to 8 in modern times ]. These serve double duty as capacity hat and feed wires.

Underneath the antenna, two hundred kilometres of copper wire buried 50 cm make-upthe ground plane.

Next to each tower, there is a radiating wire tied between the feed wires and a groundedloading coil.

The six parallel paths in the array reduce antenna resistance, thus increasing antennaefficiency which is estimated at about 11%.

In case of icing, the antenna wires could be subjected to high amperage 50 Hz current.

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Page 6: Riverhead Rocky Pointthe antenna is almost omnidirectional, with a slight increase in NW-SE direction and a slight dip in the NE direction. Along the entire antenna there is a 500

World Heritage Photos

© Copyright 2003-2018 Albertine Slotboom

https://www.werelderfgoedfotos.nl/en/photos/251-grimeton-radio-station-varberg.html

Vue des 8 conducteurs qui s’élancent vers le sommet du premier pylône.

À l’arrière plan, la station proprement dite.

À l’avant plan, le poste de transformation en courant alternatif (AC) pour le déglaçage.

The UNESCO made it a World Heritage site in July 2004.

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Page 7: Riverhead Rocky Pointthe antenna is almost omnidirectional, with a slight increase in NW-SE direction and a slight dip in the NE direction. Along the entire antenna there is a 500

There are 6 antenna towers, each 127 meters tall, with a total distance of about 2000mbetween tower no 1 and no 6. The six towers are oriented for best radiation towards NewYork, though, we have not seen any document that confirms this. The radiation pattern ofthe antenna is almost omnidirectional, with a slight increase in NW-SE direction and a slightdip in the NE direction.Along the entire antenna there is a 500 meter wide ground grid and the coils at the towers2-6 are connected to the ground grid via overhead lines, 100m out from the towers, 7connections on each side from each coil (no connection near the coils).

At tower no 1 it is a bit different. The coil is connected to the alternator and it is thealternator that is grounded. The alternator is connected via overhead lines to the groundline in 10 points, 5 on each side. The connection points closest to the station building areroughly 100-200 meters away from the building so you can assume that there is no groundgrid close to the station building. Instead, overhead lines have been supplemented withextra lines closest to the station, which can then be seen as an elevated ground plane thatreplaces the missing ground line there.

The radiant parts of the antenna are almost vertical at towers 2-5. At towers 1 and 6, thetop lines that goes up/down at about 45 degrees, is giving “useful” radiation.Fredrik (with assistance from Ola Hernvall) / AlexanderSAQhttp://alexander.n.se/SAQ-Forum/topic/grimeton-antenna-details-in-english/?lang=en

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Page 8: Riverhead Rocky Pointthe antenna is almost omnidirectional, with a slight increase in NW-SE direction and a slight dip in the NE direction. Along the entire antenna there is a 500

Essentially motor-generator sets, two water-cooled alternators each capable of producing200 kW in the 12 to 28 kHz range were installed at Grimeton in 1924 [ one was removedaround 1960 to make way for shortwave equipment ].

The heart of this particular alternator is a 1.6 m (5’) steel disc with 488 equally spaced fivemillimeter slots in its outer perimeter. The slots are filled with brass (non-magnetic). Withthe disc spinning in the magnetic circuit between a DC-energized field coil and armaturepick-up coils, AC can be collected.

The 500 HP asynchronous motor spins the input of a gearbox at 711.3 rpm. The gearboxprovides a 1:2.973 speed increase; the output shaft turns the alternator rotor at 2115revolutions per minute [ 35.25 revolutions per second ].

Sixty-four (64) armature coils around the periphery of the alternator garner approximately30 amperes at 100 volts each.

To spare the venerable machine, transmissions are now limited to about 80 kW.

Gearing, motor speed and the number of poles on the rotor were all manners in which toeffect a frequency change.

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Page 9: Riverhead Rocky Pointthe antenna is almost omnidirectional, with a slight increase in NW-SE direction and a slight dip in the NE direction. Along the entire antenna there is a 500

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Alexanderson_alternator

E. F. W. Alexanderson, U.S. Patent 1,008,577 High Frequency Alternator

Vitesse à la périphérie du rotor = 638 km/hhttp://www.flickriver.com/places/Sweden/Halland/Grimeton/

Plus tôt dans le 20e siècle (1904), Reginald Aubrey Fessenden avait contracté GeneralElectric pour se faire construire des alternateurs de haute puissance jusqu’à 100 kHz.https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Reginald_Fessenden

Ernst Frederick Werner Alexanderson, natif de Suède, était l’ingénieur chargé de cesprojets chez General Electric (Schenectady, NY).https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ernst_Alexanderson

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tonewheel

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Page 10: Riverhead Rocky Pointthe antenna is almost omnidirectional, with a slight increase in NW-SE direction and a slight dip in the NE direction. Along the entire antenna there is a 500

“Gunmetal, also known as red brass in the United States, is a type of bronze – an alloy ofcopper, tin, and zinc.”https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gunmetal

1.6 m = 1600 mm. Circumference = 5026 mm. Slot size = [5026 / (488×2)] = 5 mm.Speed at periphery: 5.0265 m × 2115 rpm × 60 min/h ÷ 1000 m/km = 638 km/h.

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Page 11: Riverhead Rocky Pointthe antenna is almost omnidirectional, with a slight increase in NW-SE direction and a slight dip in the NE direction. Along the entire antenna there is a 500

http://alexander.n.se/in-english/the-high-frequence-generator/

The rotor of the high frequency generator is a steel disc, 1.6 m in diameter and 7.5 cm thickat the periphery. The steel disc has no winding. Instead, 488 slots are milled at theperiphery. The slots are filled with non-magnetic material (brass), in order to reduce the airfriction.

The magnetic flux is generated by a field coil, situated outside the stator. The stator isdesigned to encircle the periphery of the rotor. The magnetic flux is conducted through theperiphery of the rotor via the stator. The air gaps between the rotor disc and the stator areless than 1 mm wide.On the stator there are 64 armature windings that collect the variations of the magneticflux. The variations arise when magnetic steel and non-magnetic material passes throughthe magnetic flux. Each armature winding gives 100 V and 30 A, which is conducted to theoutput transformers.

The units were built for the wavelengths 10,500 to 24,000 meters (28.57 - 12.5 kHz). Thiswas achieved by choosing various numbers of poles, 1220, 976 or 772. The gears betweenthe motor and generator were delivered in three versions 1:2.675, 1:2.973 and 1:3.324.The number of revolutions which could be delivered by the motor were 864 down to 720rpm.

http://www.grimeton.info/long_wave_transmitter.html

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Page 12: Riverhead Rocky Pointthe antenna is almost omnidirectional, with a slight increase in NW-SE direction and a slight dip in the NE direction. Along the entire antenna there is a 500

http://www.wesselhoeft.net/Funk/Funk.htm- - - - - -* At each tower, a vertical antenna element, top fed & bottom loaded/tuned (~10 mH)

* These verticals (spaced 380 m) fire a "broad-side" to Long Island, N.Y.

http://www.nsarc.ca/hf/saq.pdf- - - - - -With the key up, power is applied across a dummy load; with key down, power is sent tothe antenna.

This is accomplished with a magnetic amplifier circuit (also an Alexanderson invention) thatchanges a coupled circuit from being non-resonant in a key down state to being resonant atkey up state in order to absorb the radiated load. If this was not done, there would bespeed variations between the 'load' and the 'no load' states resulting in frequencyexcursions.

http://jproc.ca/radiostor/aalt.html- - - - - -

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Page 13: Riverhead Rocky Pointthe antenna is almost omnidirectional, with a slight increase in NW-SE direction and a slight dip in the NE direction. Along the entire antenna there is a 500

Notre première boucle au site de réception: 10e Rang Ouest à St-Joachim de Shefford.

Ni maisons, ni distribution électrique sur plus d’un kilomètre.

En se basant sur l’inductance utilisée dans les radios AM à 5 tubes d’avant 1960(All American Five, AA5), nous avions estimé (par règle de 3) une inductance cible àatteindre.

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/All_American_Five

Le second critère était que l’antenne passe dans l’ouverture de la porte au local de VE2CRG.

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Page 14: Riverhead Rocky Pointthe antenna is almost omnidirectional, with a slight increase in NW-SE direction and a slight dip in the NE direction. Along the entire antenna there is a 500

RJELOOP3 by Reginald "Reg" James Edwards G4FGQ (sk 2006)

Les 5 premières lignes sont les données d’entrée.Le programme DOS estime, entre autres, l’inductance, la capacité requise pour larésonance et la longueur de fil.

http://www.zerobeat.net/G4FGQ/page3.html

http://www.zerobeat.net/G4FGQ/

La sensibilité de cette boucle est estimée être 91 dB inférieure à une antenne quart d’ondepour cette fréquence [ une antenne qui aurait 4 km de hauteur ! ]

DOSbox peut être utilisé sur Windows 7, 8 et 10 pour rouler des programmes DOS.https://www.dosbox.com/ https://www.dosbox.com/wiki/

DOSBox - Run DOS programs on 64-bit Windowshttps://4sysops.com/archives/dosbox-run-dos-programs-on-64-bit-windows/

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Page 15: Riverhead Rocky Pointthe antenna is almost omnidirectional, with a slight increase in NW-SE direction and a slight dip in the NE direction. Along the entire antenna there is a 500

Banque de condensateurs utilisée pour résonner nos boucles.

Une série de condensateurs au mica peuvent être mis en circuit.

Notez la progression: 1, 2, 4, 8, 16, 32, 64.

L’ajustement fin est fait avec un condensateur variable ( 2 × 400 pF ).

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Page 16: Riverhead Rocky Pointthe antenna is almost omnidirectional, with a slight increase in NW-SE direction and a slight dip in the NE direction. Along the entire antenna there is a 500

Réalisation de VE2JWH

Entrée différentielle assurée par 2 JFETs.

Adapte la haute impédance de la boucle syntonisée à la ligne de transmission (câble coaxialou ligne torsadée).

Maintient la symétrie (« balance ») de la boucle pour réduire la captation de bruit en modecommun.

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Page 17: Riverhead Rocky Pointthe antenna is almost omnidirectional, with a slight increase in NW-SE direction and a slight dip in the NE direction. Along the entire antenna there is a 500

Le convertisseur (« upconverter ») de fabrication commerciale transpose la bande VLFautour de 4 MHz:par exemple, 17.2 kHz devient 4017.2 kHz.

Essentiellement, un oscillateur local (« LO ») à 4 MHz et un mélangeur (« mixer »).

Heros Technology Ltd., Model 400: <5 kHz – 520 kHz converts to 4 MHz – 4.5 MHzhttps://herostechnology.co.uk/pages/VLF-LF-MF_Converter.html

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Page 18: Riverhead Rocky Pointthe antenna is almost omnidirectional, with a slight increase in NW-SE direction and a slight dip in the NE direction. Along the entire antenna there is a 500

Une boucle plus raisonnable essayée en 2018.

Aussi utilisée avec la banque de condensateurs et le préamplificateur équilibré.

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Page 19: Riverhead Rocky Pointthe antenna is almost omnidirectional, with a slight increase in NW-SE direction and a slight dip in the NE direction. Along the entire antenna there is a 500

Le RSP2pro offre une entrée symétrique (« balanced »):utile pour combattre le bruit en mode commun.

https://www.sdrplay.com/

https://www.radioworld.ca/manufacturer/187/SDRplay

L’année 2018 a été vraiment spéciale avec 2 transmissions supplémentaires de SAQ:soit, mai et octobre en plus de celle de juillet.

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Page 20: Riverhead Rocky Pointthe antenna is almost omnidirectional, with a slight increase in NW-SE direction and a slight dip in the NE direction. Along the entire antenna there is a 500

Paire torsadée de fabrication maison: deux fils de calibre #20

Le transformateur d’isolation vise à réduire le bruit radioélectrique transporté du posted’écoute à l’antenne.

Nous pensions nous passer du préamplificateur équilibré.Mauvais calcul, le signal reçu était plutôt faible.

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Page 21: Riverhead Rocky Pointthe antenna is almost omnidirectional, with a slight increase in NW-SE direction and a slight dip in the NE direction. Along the entire antenna there is a 500

Photo 2018 07 L’arrière de la fourgonnette de VE2JWH.

L’ordinateur et un onduleur que l’on met hors-tension durant la transmission officielle.

C’est bien de s’installer en campagne pour écouter en VLF, mais le PC, son alimentation àdécoupage et l’onduleur (« inverter ») sont autant de sources de bruit radioélectrique dontil faut se méfier.

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Page 22: Riverhead Rocky Pointthe antenna is almost omnidirectional, with a slight increase in NW-SE direction and a slight dip in the NE direction. Along the entire antenna there is a 500

La radio logicielle et la ligne de transmission aussi loin que possible de l’ordinateur et del’onduleur.

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Page 23: Riverhead Rocky Pointthe antenna is almost omnidirectional, with a slight increase in NW-SE direction and a slight dip in the NE direction. Along the entire antenna there is a 500

Un common-mode choke avec ses 2 bobinages sur noyau de ferrite est raccordé entransformateur d’isolation plutôt qu’en série.

Coût nul lorsque récupéré d’un appareil défectueux, comme un téléviseur moderne.

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Page 24: Riverhead Rocky Pointthe antenna is almost omnidirectional, with a slight increase in NW-SE direction and a slight dip in the NE direction. Along the entire antenna there is a 500

2018 10 24 17:00:09 UTC

Remarquez la réponse en forme de butte due à la résonancedans la fenêtre de centre-droit [ vue spectrale ].

En bas à droite [ dans le waterfall ], chaque ligne horizontale est un instant de bruit radiod’un bout à l’autre du spectre [ mur à mur ! ].

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Page 25: Riverhead Rocky Pointthe antenna is almost omnidirectional, with a slight increase in NW-SE direction and a slight dip in the NE direction. Along the entire antenna there is a 500

2018 10 24 17:00:09 UTC

Le logiciel SDRuno permet d’enregistrer une session d’écoute et de la faire rejouer [ enautant que le récepteur SDRplay est branché à l’ordinateur ].

La capture d’écran montre un instant précis où SAQ à 17.2 kHz est 15 dB au dessus du bruit.

Trois autres porteuses entre 19 et 22 kHz sont clairement visibles.

À 24 kHz, Culter, ME avec 1 mégawatt et probablement LaMoure, ND @ 25.2 kHz (stationsnavales américaines).

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_VLF-transmitters

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Page 26: Riverhead Rocky Pointthe antenna is almost omnidirectional, with a slight increase in NW-SE direction and a slight dip in the NE direction. Along the entire antenna there is a 500

2018 10 24 17:00:14 UTC

Cinq secondes séparent les deux captures d’écran.

Observez comment le bruit atmosphérique vient noyer les signaux !

SAQ et les 3 autres porteuses ne sont plus lisibles.

C’est le drame de la réception en VLF, un fort pourcentage des caractères sont oblitérés parles variations de bruit atmosphérique.

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Page 27: Riverhead Rocky Pointthe antenna is almost omnidirectional, with a slight increase in NW-SE direction and a slight dip in the NE direction. Along the entire antenna there is a 500

2019 05 22

À l’essai en 2019, une antenne bobinée sur « tige » de ferrite.

En fait, des manchons de ferrite glissés sur une tige de fibre de verre.

Une idée proposée par Eric P. Nichols, KL7AJ.

Aussi syntonisée et amplifiée, semble avoir une sensibilité du même ordre que la boucle de66 cm.

En juillet 2019, nous avons à peine détecté SAQ: mauvaises conditions ou montageinadéquat ?

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Page 28: Riverhead Rocky Pointthe antenna is almost omnidirectional, with a slight increase in NW-SE direction and a slight dip in the NE direction. Along the entire antenna there is a 500

Aussi à l’essai en 2019, un fouet amplifié de 1 mètre.Réalisation de Jimmy VE2JWH.

The AMRAD (Amateur Radio Research and Development Corporation) Active LF Antenna.by Frank Gentges K0BRA

As a bonus, you get MF and HF coverage, too!http://www.arrl.org/files/file/Technology/tis/info/pdf/0109031.pdf

http://www.w1vd.com/modifiedeprobe.pdfhttp://www.qth.net/pipermail/lowfer/2010-December/026487.html

Ralph Burhans, “All About VLF Active Antennas,” Radio-Electronics, March-June 1983https://archive.org/details/radioelectronicsmagazine?&and[]=year%3A%221983%22

Ralph Burhans, “Active Antenna Preamplifiers,” ham radio magazine, May 1986, pp 47-54.

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Page 29: Riverhead Rocky Pointthe antenna is almost omnidirectional, with a slight increase in NW-SE direction and a slight dip in the NE direction. Along the entire antenna there is a 500

AlexanderSAQ YouTube Channelhttps://www.youtube.com/channel/UC-83S-l9JKD1iuhsXx3XQ3g

https://www.grimeton.info/grimeton_saq.html

https://alexander.n.se/the-radio-station-saq-grimeton/?lang=en

Copying Grimeton on VLF / À l’écoute de Grimeton en VLF.François VE2AAY. The Canadian Amateur, 2015 09.

À l’écoute de Grimeton en VLF.François VE2AAY. Magazine RAQI, 2015 10.

Grimeton, a pre-electronic VLF transmitting station.François VE2AAY. West Island Amateur Radio Club Bulletin, 2015 11.

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