risk factors for hearing loss among newborns (ent)
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By/ Asmaa Eisa Ghazy Mohamed Maraee
Alexandria faculty of medicine
No. / 182
Round/ 2
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Among newborns babies who will be
screened for hearing loss?????
Babies with risk factors for hearing
loss
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There is a family history of childhood hearing loss
50% to 60% of hearing loss in babies is due to genetic causes
some babies with hearing loss might have family members who also have a hearing loss.
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a sensorineuraltype of loss
syndromes associated with permanent or progressive hearing loss
WaardenburgSyndrome
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premature graying hair, white forelock
heterochromia irides
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conductive, sensorineuralor mixed
Branchio-Oto-Renal (BOR)
Syndrome
associated renal (kidney) problems
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• congenital, profound, sensorineural hearing loss
• vestibular dysfunction. Type I
• Hard of hearing rather than deafness
• Normal vestibular system Type II
• a progressive sensorineuralhearing loss
• variable vestibular dysfunction. Type III
Usher Syndrome
All types have progressive vision loss
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In utero infections
cytomegalovirus
rubella
syphilis
herpes
toxoplasmosis
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Cytomegalovirus as cause of hearing loss
Hearing loss from congenital CMV infection can be either unilateral or bilateral and varies from mild to profound
CMV is the most common virus transmitted from mother to unborn child.
Sensorineural hearing loss
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severe enough to require a blood transfusion
levels exceed 30 mg/dL
Hyperbilirubinemia (jaundice)
)
This is related to the potential damage that high levels of bilirubin can cause to the
nerves of hearing.
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APGAR scores of 0 to 4 at 1 minute or 0 to 6 at 5 minutes
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Bacterial meningitis
lesions of the brainstem or . higher centres
Hemophilus influenza (64%), Strept pneumoniae (16%) and Neisseria meningitides (10%)
the most common cause of
acquired (SNHL) and labyrinthitis
And spreading infection to the labyrinth
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damage to auditory nerves and the cochlea
Through The cochlear aqueduct.
extension of meningeal infection
to internal auditory canal and to the inner ear
labyrinthitis
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Exposure to ototoxic medications
to treat serious infections or birth complications
tobramycin gentamycin streptomycin
aminoglycosides
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Low birth weight
1500 grams
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Craniofacial anomalies, including those with anomalies of the pinna and ear canal
Size of the auricle
MicrotiaMacrotia Anotia
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preauricular fistulas
accessory auricle
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middle ear problems
Otitis media middle effusion Tympanic membraneperforation
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A stay in a Neonatal Intensive Care Unit (NICU) for longer than 5 days
sustained a high level of oxygen deprivation
A lack of oxygen can accelerate the deterioration of the sensory cells
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