risk assessment of invasive alien plants the work of eppo · 2017. 11. 27. · dr. uwe starfinger,...

Dr. Uwe Starfinger, Julius Kühn-Institut , Braunschweig, Institut für Pflanzengesundheit

Risk assessment of invasive alien plants – the

work of EPPO

International Invasive Weed Conference, Cambridge 23.11.2017

Dr. Uwe Starfinger, Julius Kühn-Institut , Braunschweig, Institut für Pflanzengesundheit www.jki.bund.de


Alien Species in Europe:

11.000

including:

1094 with negative ecological

1347 with negative economic impacts

(DAISIE 2008)

IAS costs in Europe

≥ 12 Mrd. €/a (Kettunen et al. 2009)

General: Invasive Alien Species


General: International Co-operation

• CBD:

• § 8h threat by IAS!

• IPPC/EPPO:

• long Tradition in

avoiding introduction of pests

• EU: REGULATION (EU) No 1143/2014 “

http://www.cbd.int/


Regulation 1143/2014: on the prevention and management of the

introduction and spread of invasive alien species, which came into

force on the 1st January 2015

Centred on three main themes (1) prevention, (2) early warning and

rapid response, and (3) management

A key feature in the Regulation is: list of IAS of Union concern for

which the use, trade and transport are restricted

Regulation 1143/2014


Regulation 1143/2014


Can be broadly defined to include risk assessment, risk

characterization, risk communication, risk management …

(wikipedia)

Risk Analysis


Risk perception is the subjective judgement that people

make about the characteristics and severity of a risk.

Risk perception


Has to be reproducible, impartial, and standardised.

Risk Analysis


ISPM 11


Pests

Pests that are

not IASIAS that are

not pests

IAS

Large Overlap!


1951 EPPO Convention – 15 countries

Now 51 member countries


LIFE15 PRE FR 001

Mitigating the threat of invasive alien plants to the EU through pest risk

analysis to support the Regulation 1143/2014

In partnership with

EUROPEAN AND MEDITERRANEAN PLANT PROTECTION ORGANIZATION

And

NERC CENTRE FOR ECOLOGY AND HYDROLOGY


Stage 1. InitiationReason for performing the PRA

PRA area

Stage 2. Pest risk assessment

Taxonomy

Pest overview

Host plants

Need for vector

Geographical distribution

Possible pathways for entry

Likelihood of establishment outdoors/in protected conditions in the PRA area

Spread in the PRA area

Impact in the current area of distribution

Potential impact in the PRA area

Identification of the endangered area

Risk assessment


YES

Decision scheme for the prioritization process for EU invasive alien plants incorporating the

requirements of the Regulation No 1143/2014

Sta

ge 1

: Pre

limin

ary

risk

asse

ssm

ent

NO

The plant does not

qualify

(residual list)

LOW

LOW

MEDIUM HIGH

MEDIUM

HIGH

EU LIST OF

MINOR

CONCERN

EU LIST OF

MINOR

CONCERN

EU LIST OF

MINOR

CONCERN

EU LIST OF

MINOR

CONCERN

EU

OBSERVATION

LIST

EU

OBSERVATION

LIST

EU

OBSERVATION

LIST

EU LIST OF

INVASIVE ALIEN

PLANTS

EU LIST OF

INVASIVE ALIEN

PLANTS

A.7. How high is the spread potential of the plant

species in the area under assessment?

A.2. Is the plant species known to be alien to the entire

European Union (excluding the outermost regions)?

A.1. Is the taxonomic identity of the plant species clearly

defined?

A.5. Is the plant species known

to be invasive outside the

European Union?

A.6. Based on ecoclimatic

conditions, could the species

establish in at least 3 EU

Member States (excluding the

outermost regions)?

A.8. How high is the potential negative

impact of the alien plant species on native

species in the EU?

A.9. How high is the potential negative

impact of the alien plant species on

ecosystem functions and related

ecosystem services in the EU?

B.4. Can the risk of introduction and spread into and within the EU be

effectively controlled by other preventive actions?

B.2. Is the plant widely cultivated or planted (over several decades) without

showing any strong signs of invasive behaviour in the EU?

B.3. Can the risk of introduction and spread into and within the EU be

effectively controlled by trade restriction?

B.1. Does the plant still have a significant area for further spread and

establishment in the EU?

B.5. Can populations of the plant species be eradicated in the field (at an

early stage of invasion) at a reasonable cost?

Sta

ge 2

: Ris

k m

anag

emen

t

List of invasive alien plants

not a priority for EU level

RA

(apply national measures)

A.3. Is the quality and quantity of available information

sufficient to assess the potential for introduction,

establishment, spread and negative impacts of the plant

in the EU?

YES

A.4. Is the plant species established in the EU (excluding

the outermost regions)?

YES

Yes, list the countries

Describe the

endangered

areaYES

NO

YES

NO

List of invasive alien plants

not a priority for EU level

RA

(apply national measures)

Neg

ativ

e im

pact

s on

biod

iver

sity

YES

NO

NO

NO

NO

YES

YES

YES

NONO

List of priority invasive

alien plants for EU

level RA

NO

YES

NO

The highest score from A8 and A9

should be taken into consideration

Go to Stage 2

produces lists of plant

species for the EU, the most

important being the list of

invasive alien plants

to determine which of these

IAP have the highest priority

for a risk assessment(= quick screening tool)

Prioritization Process for EU invasive alien plantsPrioritisation


Kariba weed; water fern (Salvinia molesta ): Native to

Brazil

Invasive and problematic, primarily in Australia where it is

under chemical and mechanical control.

Asia, Oceania, Africa, N America: locally invasive and still

spreading.

Europe: transient populations in some countries (Austria,

Belgium, Denmark, France, Germany, Italy, Netherlands,

Portugal

Impacts: Can cover large water bodies excluding light,

reducing oxygen and habitat quality

Examples


Camphor tree (Cinnamomum camphora)

Native to SE Asia

Invasive and problematic, primarily in Australia where it is

under chemical and mechanical control.

N America: Widespread primarily in parks and gardens and

disturbed areas, often listed as invasive

Europe: planted for >100 years – no invasion

Examples


Species Form Establishment Pathway Spread Impact Overall Risk Uncertainty

Ambrosia confertiflora P. herb Med, Anatolian Contaminant High High High High

Andropogon virginicus Grass Med PP/Contaminant High Moderate High Moderate

Cardiospermum grandiflorum Vine Med PP Moderate Moderate Moderate Moderate

Cinnamomum camphora Tree PP Moderate Low Low Moderate

Cortaderia jubata Grass Med, Atl, Con,BSea PP High Moderate Moderate Moderate

Ehrharta calycina Grass Med PP/Contaminant High Moderate Moderate Moderate

Gymnocoronis spilanthoides Aquatic Med PP/Contaminant Moderate High High High

Hakea sericea Shrub Med, Con, Bsea PP High High High Low

Humulus scandens Vine Med, Atl, Mac, Bsea PP High High High Low

Hygrophila polysperma Aquatic PP High Moderate Low Moderate

Lespedeza cuneata P. herb Med, Con, Pan PP/Contaminant High Moderate Moderate Moderate

Lygodium japonicum Vine Mac, Bsea PP/Contaminant High High Moderate High

Prosopis juliflora Tree/shrub Med, Mac PP High High Moderate Moderate

Triadica sebifera Tree Med PP High High High High

Pistia stratiotes Aquatic Med PP/Contaminant Moderate High High Moderate

Salvinia molesta Aquatic Med PP/Contaminant Moderate High High Moderate

Results of risk assessments


Prediction of invasive behaviour can never be 100%

certain;

RA is time-consuming, candidates should be chosen

wisely;

Risk assessment can help identify priorities for import ban,

rapid response and management of IAS;

Conclusion


Thanks for listeningAcknowledgements to:

Rob Tanner, EPPO; Daniel Chapman, CEH, UK; Oliver L. Pescott,

CEH, UK; Etienne Branquart, Invasive Species Unit, Service Public

de Wallonie, BE; Giuseppe Brundu, University of Sassari,

Department of Agriculture, IT; Johan van Valkenburg, National Plant

Protection Organization, NL

LIFE15 PRE FR 001

The EPPO Panel on Invasive Alien Plants

The many experts from across the world who have worked on the

PRAs.

risk assessment of invasive alien plants the work of eppo · 2017. 11. 27. · dr. uwe starfinger,...

Documents