RISE OF THE DICTATORS

• Totalitarism one party dictatorship regulates every aspect of the lives of its citizens

• Terror–SECRET POLICE

–CENSORSHIP

–NO CAN SPEAK OUT AGAINST THE GOVERNMENT

• PROPAGANDA–Movies, schools, factories.

–Messages all about good of the government

–Evils of west and capitalism

• Nationalism

• Increase of the dedication to ones country above all else

• Religion–ATHIESTISM Official religion

• Persecution–Hebrews

–Islam

–Catholics

–None were spared

• Stalin

• Mussolini

• Hitler

• Franco

FACIST ITALY

• Fascism extreme right winged ideology based on total control of people through fear, force and censorship

• Monarchy in Italy

• Unable to solve problems

• unemployment

• Weak economy

• Benito Mussolini• Extreme Nationalist• Formed Fascist Party• Opposed to communism• Appealed to upper and middle

class

• Mussolini stressed

• Ownership of private property

• Cooperation between workers and management

• Return of Rome to glory (Nationalism)

• Black Shirts Mussolini secret police

• Waged a violent campaign against Communists and Socialists

• Used violence as tactic to suppress oppositions and strikes

• King refused to declare martial law

• Mussolini was named Premier

Became a dictator

• Appointed Fascists to all positions in government

• Mussolini quickly–Banned all political parties

–Suspended all basic liberties

–Kept unions under his control

• Italy became a police state

• Government based on economic activity

• 22 corporations met to establish wages and prices

• Italy is now in firm control of Mussolini and Fascists

Stalin

• Tactics

• Fear

• Eliminated religion–Seized Orthodox property

–Persecuted religious leaders

• Churches turned into public buildings

• New Constitution

• APPEARED TO BE DEMOCRATIC

• Supreme Soviet met twice a year–Elected Politburo

–Council of Ministers

–Executive and administrative power

• Real power was held by a few leaders who were led by Stalin

• Stalin enacted a purge

• Eliminated party members

Who were accused of being against his policies

• Purged • Intellectuals• Army officials• Union leaders and members• Purge then expanded to the

general public

• By 1939 5 to 8 million people had been arrested, deported, imprisoned in labor camps or executed by Stalin

• Stalin wanted other countries in Europe to accept USSR

• Wanted to spread Communism throughout Europe

Germany

• 1919 Treaty of Versailles

• New government called the Weimar Republic

• Kaiser had left

• In city of Weimar new government formed

• Great Depression

• Stock Market Crash of 1929–Speculation

–Caused panic and run on banks world wide

–Unemployment was high

• Germany in economic depression

• Unemployment high inflation

• Blamed initially on the Weimar government

• Unemployment rose from 2 million in 1930 to 6 million in 1932

• Rival factions tried to control Germany

• Fascist and Communists

• Nazi Party

• National Socialist German Worker Party

• Extremely Nationalistic

• Anti Semitic

• Anti communist

• Promised to protect Germany from Communism

• Adolph Hitler in prison wrote Mien Kamph (My Struggle) how to take power legally

• Stressed Nationalism

• Purity of the Arian race

• (total elimination of the Jews)

• He was a charismatic, great speaker

• Depression and civil unrest caused workers to drift to Nazi message

• Von Hindenburg leader of Germany old and weak

• Nazi gained seats in Reichstag slowly and Hitler became leader

• Von Hindenburg appointed Hitler as chancellor

• 1933 Reichstag burned Hitler blamed it on the Communists

• Took title of Der Fuhrer

• Turned Germany into a Police state

• Revived economy in early 1930’s

• Government projects –Roads

–Houses

–Forrest restoration

–Rebuild military and weapons

• Banned unions

• Opposition

• Newspapers

• political parties

• Brown Shirts

• Gestapo Secret Police

• Hitler now went after his Master Race

• Elimination of Jewish, handicapped, mentally inferior

• gypsies

• Jews were blamed for all of Germanys’ problems

• Loss in WWI Treaty of Versailles

• Became Hitler’s scapegoat

• Identified by yellow star

• Hitler called his rule Third Reich

• 1st Holy Roman Empire

• 2nd Hohenzollern Empire

• 3rd Hitler reign would be for a thousand years