rights of women

Women rights Women rights

Awais Asharaf 2011-ch-28Awais Asharaf 2011-ch-28 Salman Amjad 2011-ch-36Salman Amjad 2011-ch-36 Bilal safdar 2011-ch-96Bilal safdar 2011-ch-96 Awais yaqoob 2011-ch-32Awais yaqoob 2011-ch-32

contentscontents

Introduction and historyIntroduction and history Social aspectSocial aspect Spirtual aspectSpirtual aspect Political and legal aspectPolitical and legal aspect

Women Before IslamWomen Before Islam

Women’s Right to PropertyWomen’s Right to Property

A daughter could inherit only if no A daughter could inherit only if no male heirs existed (Numbers 27:8)male heirs existed (Numbers 27:8)

Among Arabs, only males could Among Arabs, only males could inheritinherit

Women were considered property, Women were considered property, were buried alive, had no rights, etc.were buried alive, had no rights, etc.

Pardah (Pre-Islam)Pardah (Pre-Islam)

In use before IslamIn use before Islam

It was often a sign of class It was often a sign of class

distinctiondistinction

Slaves could be punished Slaves could be punished

for veilingfor veiling

Before and after Islam, Before and after Islam,

where it was inconvenient to where it was inconvenient to

labor, it was not wornlabor, it was not worn

Ancient SocietyAncient Society

Women were inferior to menWomen were inferior to men Birth of a female was a disgraceBirth of a female was a disgrace Qur’an: “When news is brought Qur’an: “When news is brought

to one of them, of [the birth of] to one of them, of [the birth of]

a female [child], his face darkens,a female [child], his face darkens,

and he is filled with inward grief!”and he is filled with inward grief!” Girl allowed to live: bought andGirl allowed to live: bought and

sold as productssold as products

What the Qu’uranWhat the Qu’uranSays About WomenSays About Women

Women’s Rights-PropertyWomen’s Rights-Property

Woman’s Right to Property Woman’s Right to Property (Inheritance)(Inheritance)

Surah 4, Ayah 7:Surah 4, Ayah 7:

"From what is left by parents and those "From what is left by parents and those nearest related there is a share for men nearest related there is a share for men and a share for women, whether the and a share for women, whether the property be small or large, a determinate property be small or large, a determinate share."share."

Women’s Rights-DivorceWomen’s Rights-Divorce


“ “But if you decide to take one wife in But if you decide to take one wife in place of another, even if you had place of another, even if you had given the latter a whole treasure for given the latter a whole treasure for dower, take not the least bit of it dower, take not the least bit of it back; Would you take it by slander back; Would you take it by slander and a manifest wrong?”and a manifest wrong?”

Women’s Rights-SupportWomen’s Rights-Support

Woman’s Right to SupportWoman’s Right to Support


““Men are the protectors and Men are the protectors and maintainers of women, because Allah maintainers of women, because Allah has given the one more (strength) has given the one more (strength) than the other, and because they than the other, and because they support them from their means.”support them from their means.”

Veiling (For Women)Veiling (For Women)

Surah 24, Ayah 31Surah 24, Ayah 31::

““And say to the believing women And say to the believing women

that they should lower their gaze that they should lower their gaze

and guard their modesty; that and guard their modesty; that

they should not display their they should not display their

beauty and ornaments except beauty and ornaments except

what (must ordinarily) appear what (must ordinarily) appear

thereof; that they should draw their veils overthereof; that they should draw their veils over

their bosoms and not display their beauty excepttheir bosoms and not display their beauty except

to [relatives]”to [relatives]”

Veiling (For Men)Veiling (For Men)


““Say to the believing men that they Say to the believing men that they should lower their gaze and guard should lower their gaze and guard their modesty: that will make for their modesty: that will make for greater purity for them: and Allah is greater purity for them: and Allah is well familiar with all that they do.”well familiar with all that they do.”

According to the English According to the English Common Law:Common Law:

Women propertyWomen property

He was entitled to the rent from the land and to any He was entitled to the rent from the land and to any profit which might be made from operating the estate profit which might be made from operating the estate during the joint life of the spouses.during the joint life of the spouses.

English courtsEnglish courts

1919thth century century

Misconceptions about Women in Misconceptions about Women in Islam:Islam:

Muslim women are slaves to their husbands/ Muslim women are slaves to their husbands/ inferior to theminferior to them

Women are forced by their husbands to coverWomen are forced by their husbands to cover Women are backwardWomen are backward Women are oppressed in IslamWomen are oppressed in Islam Women are completely devoid of spiritual, Women are completely devoid of spiritual,

social, economic or political rightssocial, economic or political rights

Women in IslamWomen in Islam

In the midst of the darkness that surrounded the world, In the midst of the darkness that surrounded the world, the divine revelation echoed in the wide desert of the divine revelation echoed in the wide desert of Arabia with a fresh, noble, and universal message to Arabia with a fresh, noble, and universal message to humanity: humanity:

He (God) it is who did create you from a single soul and He (God) it is who did create you from a single soul and therefrom did create his mate, that he might dwell with therefrom did create his mate, that he might dwell with her (in love)...(Qur'an 7:189)her (in love)...(Qur'an 7:189)

And Allah has given you mates of your own nature, and And Allah has given you mates of your own nature, and has given you from your mates, children and has given you from your mates, children and grandchildren, and has made provision of good things grandchildren, and has made provision of good things for you… (Qur'an 16:72)for you… (Qur'an 16:72)

The spiritual aspectThe spiritual aspect

The economic aspectThe economic aspect

The social aspectThe social aspect

The political and legal aspectThe political and legal aspect

The Social Aspect (cont.)The Social Aspect (cont.)

As a wife:As a wife: The Qur'an clearly indicates that marriage is sharing between The Qur'an clearly indicates that marriage is sharing between

the two halves of the society, and that its objectives, besides the two halves of the society, and that its objectives, besides perpetuating human life, are emotional well-being and perpetuating human life, are emotional well-being and spiritual harmony. Its bases are love and mercy.spiritual harmony. Its bases are love and mercy.

“ “And among His Signs is this, that He created for you mates And among His Signs is this, that He created for you mates from among yourselves that you may dwell in tranquility with from among yourselves that you may dwell in tranquility with them, and He has put love and mercy between your (hearts); them, and He has put love and mercy between your (hearts); verily in that are signs for those who reflect.” (Quran 30:21)verily in that are signs for those who reflect.” (Quran 30:21)

Among the sayings of Prophet Muhammad in Among the sayings of Prophet Muhammad in this regard are the following:this regard are the following:

Whosoever has a daughter and he does not Whosoever has a daughter and he does not bury her alive, does not insult her, and does bury her alive, does not insult her, and does not favor his son over her, God will enter him not favor his son over her, God will enter him into Paradise. (Ibn Hanbal, No. 1957).into Paradise. (Ibn Hanbal, No. 1957).

Whosoever supports two daughters till they Whosoever supports two daughters till they mature, he and I will come in the day of mature, he and I will come in the day of judgment as this (and he pointed with his two judgment as this (and he pointed with his two fingers held together).fingers held together).

Rights pertaining to marriage in Rights pertaining to marriage in Islam:Islam:

The female has the right to accept or reject marriage proposalsThe female has the right to accept or reject marriage proposals Her consent is a prerequisite to the validity of the marital Her consent is a prerequisite to the validity of the marital

contract, according to the Prophet's teachingscontract, according to the Prophet's teachings Right to retain her family nameRight to retain her family name Right to a separate home Right to a separate home Full right to her Mahr – marital giftFull right to her Mahr – marital gift Right to be satisfied by her husbandRight to be satisfied by her husband The husband is responsible for the maintenance, protection, The husband is responsible for the maintenance, protection,

and overall leadership of the family, within the framework of and overall leadership of the family, within the framework of consultation and kindness. consultation and kindness.

Right to divorce her husbandRight to divorce her husband

The Qur'an states:The Qur'an states:"...But consort with them in kindness, for if you hate "...But consort with them in kindness, for if you hate them it may happen that you hate a thing wherein God them it may happen that you hate a thing wherein God has placed much good." (Qur'an 4: l9).has placed much good." (Qur'an 4: l9).

Prophet Muhammad (PBUH) saidProphet Muhammad (PBUH) said::““The most perfect believers are the best in conduct and The most perfect believers are the best in conduct and best of you are those who are best to their wives.”best of you are those who are best to their wives.”

Prophet (peace be upon him) instructed Muslims Prophet (peace be upon him) instructed Muslims regarding women,regarding women,

“ “I commend you to be kind to womenI commend you to be kind to women.” .”

The Social Aspect (cont.)The Social Aspect (cont.)As a mother:As a mother:

Islam considers kindness to parents next to the Islam considers kindness to parents next to the worship of God.worship of God.Quran says:Quran says:"Show gratitude to Me and to your parents: to Me is "Show gratitude to Me and to your parents: to Me is (your final) destiny." (Quran 31:14)(your final) destiny." (Quran 31:14)

Moreover, the Qur'an has a Moreover, the Qur'an has a special recommendation special recommendation for the good treatment of mothersfor the good treatment of mothers "And we have enjoined upon man (to be good) to his "And we have enjoined upon man (to be good) to his parents: His mother bears him in weakness upon parents: His mother bears him in weakness upon weakness..." (Qur'an 31:14) (See also Qur'an 46:15, weakness..." (Qur'an 31:14) (See also Qur'an 46:15, 29:8).29:8).

Woman responsible for the fall of Woman responsible for the fall of man?man?QuranQuran

The Quran does not blame woman for the “fall of The Quran does not blame woman for the “fall of man,” man,”

There is no hint that the first woman created by God There is no hint that the first woman created by God is a creature of lesser worth than the first male.is a creature of lesser worth than the first male.

The Quran deals with the pair with perfect equity. The Quran deals with the pair with perfect equity. Both are equally guilty of sinning; both are equally Both are equally guilty of sinning; both are equally punished by God punished by God

The Spiritual AspectThe Spiritual Aspect Women have the same human spiritual nature as menWomen have the same human spiritual nature as men ““"Every soul will be (held) in pledge for its deeds" (Qur'an "Every soul will be (held) in pledge for its deeds" (Qur'an

74:38). It also states:74:38). It also states: ...So their Lord accepted their prayers, (saying): I will not ...So their Lord accepted their prayers, (saying): I will not

suffer to be lost the work of any of you whether male or suffer to be lost the work of any of you whether male or female. You proceed one from another ...(Qur'an 3: 195). female. You proceed one from another ...(Qur'an 3: 195).

Whoever works righteousness, man or woman, and has faith, Whoever works righteousness, man or woman, and has faith, verily to him will We give a new life that is good and pure, verily to him will We give a new life that is good and pure, and We will bestow on such their reward according to the and We will bestow on such their reward according to the their actions. (Qur'an16:97, see also 4:124).their actions. (Qur'an16:97, see also 4:124).

The Spiritual Aspect (cont.)The Spiritual Aspect (cont.)

Religious obligations and rewards:Religious obligations and rewards:

In terms of religious obligations, such as the Daily In terms of religious obligations, such as the Daily Prayers, Fasting, Zakat, and Pilgrimage, woman is no Prayers, Fasting, Zakat, and Pilgrimage, woman is no different from mandifferent from man

““If any do deeds of righteousness, be they male or If any do deeds of righteousness, be they male or female, and have faith, they will enter paradise and female, and have faith, they will enter paradise and not the least injustice will be done to them.” (Quran not the least injustice will be done to them.” (Quran 4:124)4:124)

In some cases, woman has certain advantages over In some cases, woman has certain advantages over man man

The Economic AspectThe Economic Aspect In the 19th century European women did not In the 19th century European women did not

have the right to own their own property.have the right to own their own property.

In Britain, perhaps the first country to give In Britain, perhaps the first country to give women some property rights,women some property rights, laws were passed laws were passed in the 1860's known as "Married Women in the 1860's known as "Married Women Property Act." Property Act."

In Germany the wife was denied any control In Germany the wife was denied any control over her property until 1922 by civil law!over her property until 1922 by civil law!

The Economic AspectThe Economic AspectIslam provides a woman with:Islam provides a woman with:

Right to possess personal property- buy, sell, mortgage, lease Right to possess personal property- buy, sell, mortgage, lease without anyone’s permission being required.without anyone’s permission being required."Whatever men earn, they have a share of that and "Whatever men earn, they have a share of that and whatever women earn, they have a share in that." (Qur'an whatever women earn, they have a share in that." (Qur'an 4:31)4:31) In Islam the wife’s property and earnings are under her full In Islam the wife’s property and earnings are under her full control and for her use alone. No matter how rich the wife might control and for her use alone. No matter how rich the wife might be, she is not obliged to act as a co-provider unless she herself be, she is not obliged to act as a co-provider unless she herself voluntarily chooses to do so. voluntarily chooses to do so.

Right to seek EmploymentRight to seek Employment

Right to Inheritance lawsRight to Inheritance laws

Financial securityFinancial security

The Political AspectThe Political Aspect

Islam provides a woman with:Islam provides a woman with: Right to voteRight to vote Participation in political affairsParticipation in political affairs Women can be in leadership positionsWomen can be in leadership positions Participation in public affairsParticipation in public affairs - During the Caliphate of Omar Ibn al-Khattab, - During the Caliphate of Omar Ibn al-Khattab,

a woman argued with him in the mosque, a woman argued with him in the mosque, proved her point, and caused him to declare in proved her point, and caused him to declare in the presence of people: “The woman is right the presence of people: “The woman is right and Omar is wrong.”and Omar is wrong.”

Rights of Women in IslamRights of Women in Islam

Equality of reward for their deedsEquality of reward for their deeds The right and duty to obtain educationThe right and duty to obtain education The right to obtain provisions from her The right to obtain provisions from her

father or brothers until she gets marriedfather or brothers until she gets married The right to have their own independent The right to have their own independent

propertyproperty The right to provisions from the husband The right to provisions from the husband

for all her needs and more.for all her needs and more.

Cont…Cont… The right to work to earn money if they need it The right to work to earn money if they need it

or want itor want it The right to keep all her own money The right to keep all her own money The right to express their opinion and be heardThe right to express their opinion and be heard The right to negotiate marriage terms of her The right to negotiate marriage terms of her

choice choice The right to obtain divorce from her husband The right to obtain divorce from her husband The right to have custody of their children The right to have custody of their children

after divorceafter divorce And more…And more…

Islamic Dress for WomenIslamic Dress for Women

In reference to women, the Quran and the In reference to women, the Quran and the Hadiths have mandated various rules in Hadiths have mandated various rules in regards to behavior and appearance regards to behavior and appearance

She is not a slave to the societal trendsShe is not a slave to the societal trends The Muslim woman is not forced to display The Muslim woman is not forced to display

herself to be accepted in the society. herself to be accepted in the society.

Hijaab- The coveringHijaab- The covering

What is Hijaab?What is Hijaab?

Why Hijaab?Why Hijaab?

Benefits of HijaabBenefits of Hijaab

What is Hijaab?What is Hijaab?

The word itself comes from the Arabic word The word itself comes from the Arabic word "hajaba" meaning to conceal or hide from "hajaba" meaning to conceal or hide from view. view.

Hijaab is the modest covering of the head and Hijaab is the modest covering of the head and body of Muslim women. body of Muslim women.

Clothing is only one facet of hijab. Clothing is only one facet of hijab. It is also It is also behavior, manner, and speechbehavior, manner, and speech. Women who . Women who wear the hijab do not find it inhibiting, wear the hijab do not find it inhibiting, impractical, or interfering. impractical, or interfering.

Why wear hijaab?Why wear hijaab?

Because Allah, Their creator ordered them toBecause Allah, Their creator ordered them to

""O Prophet, tell your wives and daughters and O Prophet, tell your wives and daughters and the believing women to draw their outer the believing women to draw their outer garments around them (when they go out or garments around them (when they go out or are among men). That is better in order that are among men). That is better in order that they may be known (to be Muslims) and not they may be known (to be Muslims) and not annoyed..." (Qur'an 33:59)annoyed..." (Qur'an 33:59)

Benefits of HijaabBenefits of Hijaab

She pleases her Lord and earns blessings from She pleases her Lord and earns blessings from wearing itwearing it

Purifies her heart and mindPurifies her heart and mind Attains nobilityAttains nobility Protects her honorProtects her honor Defines her femininityDefines her femininity Beautifies her inner and outer appearanceBeautifies her inner and outer appearance Expresses her independence and she feels Expresses her independence and she feels

liberated.liberated.

JAZAK’ALLAH

rights of women

Education