rifle scopes & optics€¦ · •most scopes are pre-set to be parallax free at 100-200 yds...

Rifle Scopes & OpticsWednesday, May 15th, 2019

Seminar Topics

•Design Factors• Scope Types

• Body

• Reticles

• Focal Planes

• Adjustment Ranges

• Turrets & MOA/MIL

• Parallax Adjustment

• Magnification

• Field of View

•Design Factors Continued• Lenses

• Objective Lenses

• Focus – Ocular Lens

• Exit Pupil

• Eye Relief

•Selecting the Best Scope• For your Purpose

• For your Rifle

•Red Dot Optics

Design Factors

Scope Types Specifications

•Fixed Focus

•5x30, 9x40

•Variable Focus

•1-4x32, 3-9x40

•Night Vision Focus

•Magnification

•5x30, 3-9x40

•Objective Lens Diameter

• 5x30, 3-9x40

•Exit Pupil

• Lens mm / Magnification

•Eye Relief

Design Factors

Body

•Three Common Sizes

•1”

•30 mm

•34 mm

•Larger Size

•Greater Range of Adjustments

•Slightly Higher Mount above Barrel

• Parallax Error

•Solid Continuous Tube

Design Factors

Reticles Duplex Reticle

• Selection Important esp for Long Range Shooting

• “Duplex” Reticle most common

• May be MOA or MIL (MRAD)

• Calibration MUST match Turrets

• Should have Elevation & Windage calibration scales

• May have BDC (Bullet Drop Compensator) scale

Design Factors

MOA vs MIL• 1/4 MOA = .25” at 100 yds

• 1/10 MIL = .36” at 100 yds

• Allow use of Holdovers for both Windage & Elevation

• Generally Viewed as Comparable

• MIL Calibration more Common MOA MIL

Design Factors

Nikon BDC Reticle

• Good for Medium Range Shooting (<800 yds)

• NOT Good Long Range

• Set for 1 Particular Load & Cartridge

• Nikon Smart Phone App Compensates for Particular Cartridge

Nikon BDC Reticle

Design Factors

Horus Reticle• Ability to perfectly calibrate wind dots to

ballistics of your choice.

• Speed Shooting range: from 0 to 600 meters.

• Horus Grid range: from 0 to extreme long range.

• Reticle hold points subtending to 0.2 mil.

• Precise calibration of measurements to within less than 0.5%.

Design Factors

Focal Plane

• First Focal Plane

• Reticle changes with change in magnification

• Dots/Hash Marks always 1 MOA or 1 MIL apart

• Second Focal Plane

• Reticle remains same size

• Most Scopes are First Focal Plane

Design Factors

Second Focal Plane

• Second Focal Plane Reticle

• “Christmas Tree” Reticle

• Usually calibrated to be accurate at Full Magnification

• Advantages and Disadvantages to both

• Expect Dual Focal Plane Scopes in the near future

Design Factors

Adjustment Ranges - Turrets

• Ability to Adjust Turrets on the fly is very desirable

• Finger Adjustment a Plus

• Coin or Screwdriver Adjustment a Negative

• Long Range Shooting may require 50-100 MOA Adjustments

• .308 can drop 50” at 500 yds

Design Factors

Parallax Adjustment• Relative movement of the

reticle in relation to the target when the eyes move off center of the sight picture

• Most scopes are pre-set to be parallax free at 100-200 yds

• Parallax gets worse when the magnifications are high.

• Nikon has some rifle scopes that use a side turret for parallax correction

• Vortex Crossfire II 6-18x44 AO Adjustable Objective Lens

Design Factors

Magnification

• High Power >20x

• Big Open Spaces – Long Shots

• Limited Field of View

• Over 10x = Supported Position

• Prone or Bench Shooting

• Expensive

• Eye Relief – Exit Pupil

• Almost always an overkill!

• Long Range – 1000 yds +

• 30x – 40x Power

• Medium Range – 500 yds

• 16x – 20x Power

• Short Range

• 3.5x – 9x Power

• Recreational Hunters – Target Shooting

Design Factors

Field of View• FOV Measured in Feet at 100 yds

• Inversely Proportional to Magnification

• Magnification Increases – FOV Decreases

• 3x – 30 ft @ 100 yds

• 9x – 14 ft @ 100 yds

• FOV Related to Construction of Eyepiece

• Objective Lens Diameter HAS NO EFFECT ON FOV!

• Only affects Brightness of Image

Design Factors

Lenses

• Lens Coatings Critical for

• Maximum Light Transmission

• Minimal Reflection

• Magnesium Fluoride

• Critical in Low Light Conditions to see Detail

• Tends to be Expensive

• “Good Glass”

• Coated: Has a single layer of coating on at least one lens surface.

• Fully Coated: Has a single layer on all air to glass surfaces.

• Multicoated: Has more than one layer of coating on at least one lens surface.

• Fully Multicoated: Has multiple layers of coating on all air to glass surfaces.

Design Factors

Objective Lenses• Transmits light to Ocular Lens

• Objective Bell

• Larger Objective Bell must be mounted higher on rifle

• More Parallax Error

• Cheek Weld may Suffer

• At Long Distances:

• Weight a Factor

• Image Brightness

• Exit Pupil

Design Factors

Exit Pupil• Usable Exit Pupil is Critical

• Circle of Light You see in the Ocular Lens

• Calculated by Obj Diam mm divided by magnification

• 40mm / 16x = 2.5 mm

• Eye Pupil

• 2 mm Bright Daylight

• 7 mm Low/Dark Lighting

• Conversely

• 3-9x50 – 50/3 = 16.67 mm

• Wasted Image = Wasted Expense

• 4-16x50 – 50/10 = 5 mm

• Great for Most People

• Larger Objective Lens NOT Always Better!

Design Factors

Eye Relief

•Standard is 3-3 ½”

• Sub 500 yds, Light Kick

•Need 6”+ on Powerful Rifles due to Recoil

• Inverse to Magnification

•Need Clearance on Bolt Action Rifle

Design Factors

Benefits of Small Objective Lens < 28mm• Моrе еffісіеnt wіth lоw

роwеrеd ѕсореѕ

• Рrоvіdеѕ а lоw рrоfіlе mоunt

• Еnаblеѕ а ѕuffісіеnt аndсоmfоrtаblе сhееk аnd wеldmеthоd

• Саn bе mоrе lіght-wеіght аndсоmрасt, wеіghіng аrоund thе 10 – 13 оunсе rаngе

• Соnѕtruсtеd оn 1 іnсh tubе bоdу – thе ѕmаllеr ѕіzе рrеvеntѕ unіntеntіоnаl bаngѕ аnd bumрѕ whіlе іn uѕе

• Ѕmаllеr ѕurfасе ѕіzе hаѕ lеѕѕ сhаnсе оf rеflесtіng lіght thаt gіvеѕ аwау уоur роѕіtіоn

• Сhеареr thаn оthеr ѕсореѕ wіthlаrgеr dіаmеtеr ѕіzеѕ

<28mm

Design Factors

Drawbacks of Small Objective Lens < 28mm

• Uѕе fоr сlоѕе rаngе huntіng оnlу

• Еffісіеnt fоr lоw роwеrеd ѕсореѕ

• Теndѕ tо bе fоr fіrеаrmѕ wіthlіttlе tо nо rесоіl ѕuсh аѕ а .22 rіmfіrе оr аіr gun

• Nоt іntеndеd fоr rесоіl аbuѕе frоm hіghеr саlіbеr rіflеѕ аndbullеtѕ

Design Factors

Benefits of Large Objective Lens > 50mm• Еffісіеnt fоr lоng rаngе аnd

ехtrеmе lоng rаngе dіѕtаnсе ѕhооtіng

• Uѕеаblе ехіt рuріlѕ fоr lоw lіghthuntіng

• Іmрrоvеd іmаgе quаlіtу іn lоw lіght соndіtіоnѕ

• Аbіlіtу tо uѕе hіghеr mаgnіfісаtіоnѕ lоngеr аѕ аvаіlаblе lіght dіmіnіѕhеѕ

• Mаkеѕ hіgh mаgnіfісаtіоnѕ mоrе uѕеful аnd іmаgе quаlіtу brіghtеr

• Flехіbіlіtу tо fіnd ѕwееt ѕроt fаѕtеr wіth lаrgеr ехіt рuріl

• Wіdеr аnd brіghtеr fіеld оf vіеw rеduсіng еуеѕtrаіn

• Моrе соmmоnlу соnѕtruсtеd оn а 30 mm tubе fоr аddеd adjustability аnd durаbіlіtу

Design Factors

Drawbacks of Large Objective Lens > 50mm• Неаvу, bulkу, аnd саn bе

іmрrасtісаl fоr уоur huntіng ѕtуlе

• Маkеѕ ѕсоре tор hеаvу

• Моrе ехреnѕіvе fоr lаrgеr dіаmеtеr ѕіzе

• Nееdѕ hіghеr mоuntіng rіngѕ

• Can affect comfortable cheek and weld method

• Саn аffесt рrореr еуе аlіgnmеnt

• Lаrgеr ѕurfасе ѕіzе саn rеflесt lіght thаt gіvеѕ аwау уоurроѕіtіоn

• Lаrgеr ѕіzе саn соllесt mоrе dіrt аnd muсk іn hаrѕh соndіtіоnѕ оbѕсurіng vіеw

Design Factors

Scope Mounts

•Mind Body Diameter

• 1”, 30mm, 34mm

•Rings

•Quick Disconnect

• Re-Zero

•Clear Objective Bell

• Riser

Selecting the Right Scope

For your Purpose• Are you buying the rifle scope

first and then an appropriate rifle to match?

• Are you buying a rifle scope for a rifle you already own?

• How much are you willing to spend?

• What are you using your weapon for?

• Competition shooting

• Mid to long range hunting

• Extreme long range hunting or target shooting

• Varmint hunting or close range property protection

• Plinking / Target Shooting

• Home Defense


For your Purpose•Consistent Ranges

• Fixed Magnification

• Less Expensive

• Gain Familiarity

•Variable Ranges

• Distance

• Field of View

•Match Rifle Quality

•Match Typical Lighting Conditions

•Match Distance Short –Medium – Long Range


For your Rifle – Ruger 10/22

Simmons Truplex .22 Mag Riflescope

• Magnification & Objective (mm): 3–9 x 32

• Field of View (at 100 yards): 31.4’ / 10.5’

• Eye Relief (in) 3.75

• Exit Pupil (mm): 10.7 / 3.6

• Weight (oz): 10

• Click Value: ¼ MOA

• Adjustment Range (in at 100Y): 60 MOA

$40



BARSKA 3-9x32 Plinker-22 Riflescope• 3-to-9X magnification

• One-inch tube diameter

• 10.7-3.6 millimeter exit pupil

• 3.5”- inch eye relief

• FOV = 36’ at 3x

• FOV = 13’ at 9x

• ¼ MOA inch click value

$42



$120

Nikon Prostaff Rimfire II 4-12x40 BDC Precise .25" @ 50 yard adjustments.

• Spring-loaded instant Zero-Reset Turrets.

• Parallax-free @ 50 yards

• Fully multicoated optics

• Waterproof/Fogproof

• Eye Relief = 3.7” - 3.7”



Nikon Prostaff Rimfire II 4-12x40 Scope BDC 150

• The Prostaff Rimfire II is optimized for use with Nikon “Spot On” Ballistic Match Technology.

• “Spot On” allows you to discover all of the exact aiming points on your scope’s reticle at various yardages for your specific ammunition


For your Rifle – AR-15

$106

UTG 3-12X44 Compact Scope, 36-color Mil-dot Reticle• 30mm Tube

• Multicoated Lenses

• ¼ MOA Adjustment

• Side Turret for Parallax

• FOV 32’ – 10’

• Eye Relief 3.4” – 3”

• Exit Pupil 13.0 – 3.9 mm



Bushnell AR Optics, Drop Zone Reticle Riflescope with Target Turrets, 1-4x24

• 30 mm Tube

• Fully Multicoated FFP

• Fast Focus Eyepiece EP 13.1mm

• BDC - Caliber Specific Reticle

• 0.1 Mil Adjustments

• FOV 36’ – 110’

• Eye Relief 3.6”

$163



Vortex Optics Diamondback 2nd Focal Plane Riflescope

• 1.75-5x32 Dead-hold BDC

• Eye Relief 3.5”

• FOV 68.3” – 23.1”

• Fully Multicoated

• Water – Fog Proof

$177



Nikon P-Tactical .223 3-9X40 BDC• Fully Multicoated

• Water, Fog, Shock Proof

• ¼ MOA Adjustment

• BDC Reticle

• Consistent Eye Relief = 3.6” - 3.6”

• Excellent FOV @ Low End

• Exit Pupil = 4.4mm – 13.3mm

$193Best Mid-Range

Summary

Rifle Scopes

•Match to your Purpose & Typical Use

•Match to your Rifle

•Do not Overkill

•Critical Factors

•Magnification

•Lens Coatings

•Eye Relief

•Exit Pupil

•Objective Lens

•Focal Plane

•Range of Adjustment

AR-15 Red Dot Optics

• Much easier to aim

• Nothing to line up

• Major improvement in accuracy

• Quicker Target (Re)Acquisition

• One focal point

• Usable in low light

• Both Eyes Open


Red Dot LED Sight

•Simplicity

•Durability

•Cost

Holographic Sight

•Versatility

•Ease of Use

•No Parallax Error


Differences VS LED

•Reticle Etched into Glass

•Incredible Battery Life

•Polarized Light

•Recoil Resistant

•Zero Parallax Error

•Can be More Costly

Holographic Sights

65 MOA

1 MOA


Dagger Defense DDHB Red Dot Reflex Sight

•Both Red & Green Dot

•Hooded – Less Sun Reflection

•FOV 15.8’

•4 Reticles

•Continuous Fade$40


Bushnell Trophy TRS-25

•3 MOA Dot

•11 Brightness Settings

•Water, Fog Proof

•Unlimited Eye Relief

•Multicoated Lenses

•½ MOA Adjustment $56

Red Dot Optics

Ledsnipertactical Holographic Red / Green Reflex

•Water, Fog Proof

•Hooded Less Sun Reflection

•Multicoated

•No Parallax Error

•4 Reticles

•Wide Field of View

$99


Sightmark SM26005 Ultra Shot M-Spec

•Digital Controls

•Parallax Corrected

•Night Vision Modes

•Auto Shutoff

•Waterproof

•Quick Detach Weaver $129

Flip Up Magnifiers

Flip Up Magnifiers

Hammers 30mm Tube 3x Magnifier Scope

•30 mm Tube

•Full Multicoated Lenses

•Excellent for Low Light

•Elevation & Windage Adj. Without changing Zero

•Eye Relief = 3” $50 $21

Flip Up Magnifiers

Sightmark 7X Tactical Magnifier Pro

•Objective Lens = 32 mm

•Eye Relief = 53 mm (2.1”)

•FOV = 3.3 degrees (17.8’)

•Slide to Side Mount

•Multicoated Optics

•Reticle Alignment Adj.

$139 7x

$108 5x

$89 3x

Flip Up Magnifiers

Vortex Optics VMX-3T Magnifier with Built-in Flip Mount

•Push-button Disengagement

•Fully Multicoated

•Eye Relief 3.25”

•FOV 38.2’

•Red Dot Centering Screws

•Co-witness with Iron Sights $199

Summary

Rifle Red Dots

•Go Holographic 100%

•Go Green (vs Red)

•Consider Adding 3x or 6x Flip Up Magnifier

•Tubular or Hooded Reflex

•Consider Co-Witness

rifle scopes & optics€¦ · •most scopes are pre-set to be parallax free at 100-200 yds...

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