Rifiuti, inquinamento, dipendenza energetica….

problemi o opportunità?

Gestire la transizione da economia lineare ad economia circolare

attraverso la valorizzazione di rifiuti, scarti e sottoprodotti

del settore primario, dell’industria di processo chimico-farmaceutico, alimentare,

metallurgico, trasformazione di materiali quali carta, cemento….

Debora FINO

POLITECNICO di Torino

Dipartimento di Scienza Applicata e Tecnologia

E-mail: debora.fino@polito.it

Skype: Debora Fino

Cosa possiamo fare sui «grandi flussi»?

Rifiuti solidi (oltre le filiere gestire dai consorzi)

Emissioni concentrate di inquinanti (ad esempio CO2) da grandi sorgenti

Future research – Building on the recent success of the ECOFOOD project…

ACIDOGENESIS PRE-

TREATMENT METHANOGENESIS

FOOD-PROCESSING WASTE (cheese whey, molasses, citrus pomace and peel, wine marc & pomace, spent coffee & coffee seed skins, olive pomace, etc.)

H2 (CO2) CH4 (CO2)

Digestate

CH4

(biomethane)

Succinic acid C2-C5 acids Butanediol

MAIN PROCESS STREAM LINE

Limonene Polyphenols

Anti-oxidants

to CO2 bio-conversion

Agricultural fertilizer

Final products

Energy inputs

Feedstock & intermediates

The RECORD anaerobic biorefinery concept

RENEWABLE ELECTRIC POWER (wind, PV, hydroelectric, geothermal, etc.)

ELECTROLYSIS (power to gas)

H2

(make-up)

O2

(to digestate stabilisation)

INTEGRATION WITH GREEN POWER

(DIETs)

CO2

CH4

Bio-oils

CH4

MeOH DME

FT-synfuels

CO2

CO2

BIOMETHANIZATION

MICRO-ALGAE

CATALYTIC PROCESSING

Digestate

CO

2 V

ALO

RIZ

ATI

ON

OP

TIO

NS

Solar radiation

Digestate

Cosa è possibile fare oltre il processo produttivo principale lineare? - Produrre un prodotto a da un sito industriale a rifiuti zero - usare gli scarti per produrre molecole ad alto valore aggiunto - Produrre energia per il sito industriale che processa materie prime e seconde - …….

…produrre combustili…..

…e

stra

rre

mo

leco

le a

d a

lto

val

ore

agg

iun

to…

..

Il concetto di «power to gas» (o anche power to chemicals…)

Innovative large-scale energy STORagE Technologies & Power-to-Gas

concepts after Optimisation

ORGANIC WASTE TREATMENT & ANAEROBIC DIGESTION (A.D.)

CIVIL WASTE WATER TREATMENT(WWT) & ANAEROBIC DIGESTION

MUNICIPAL SOLID WASTE LANDIFLL

BIOGASSTORAGE

CH4: 65%CO2: 35%

CH4: 50%CO2: 45%N2 : 5%

CH4: 55% CO2: 45%

COMBINED HEAT & POWER

HEAT

DISCTRICT HEATING

PO

WER

BIOMETHANE PURIFICATION (BMP)

ELECTR.GRID

BIO-METHANE

CH4 FUELLINGSTATION

NG GRID

TO BMP

CO2

CH4 COMPRESSOR

DECENTRA-LISED F.S.

CNG

CARS

TRUCKS

HEAT

BIOROBURPLUS

FUEL PROCESSOR

WATER

AIR

CO2

H2

H2 COMPRESSORH2 FUELLING

STATION

HEAT TO A.D. UNITS

Advanced direct biogas fuel processor for robust and cost-effective

decentralised hydrogen production

Ambient air

CO2 capture

CO2 Release

CO2-free air

Pure CO2

Heat at 100°C

4H+ H2

e-e-

CO2

CO

O2

2H2O

High P syngas

(10 bar)

High P&T electro-catalytic reactor (~120°C)

OB1a

OB3

OB5

OB4

OB2

hig

h-P

pro

cess

lin

e

OB7

High-P PHA Bioreactor

OB6

PHA

H2

PHA

Low-T heat

P (1 bar)

High P(10 bar)

to bio-methanation

CO2 aq(from

biphasiccompressor)

surplusbiomass

High-P Biomethanator

CH4

(10 bar)~10 bar

(H2 10 bar)

OB8

4H+

H2

e-e-

CO2

HCOOH

O2

2H2O

Low P&T electrocatalytic reactor

OB11

CH2OCH3OH

H2O

OB12

Bioreactor (fermenter)

OB13

IsopreneLactic acid

Mono-terpenoids

wastewater

cleanwater

low

-P p

roce

ss li

ne

Ambient air

CO2 capture

CO2 Release

CO2-free air

Pure CO2

Heat at 100°C

OB9

Separation

steam & heat

TP1 TP2

TP3

Biphasic compressor/dissolutor

OB14

OB10

Cost-effective CO2 conversion into chemicals via combination of Capture,

ELectrochemical and BIochemical CONversion technologies

….ricorreva l’anno 1985

#notalone