ricu - british muslim media consumption report

8/8/2019 RICU - British Muslim Media Consumption Report

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RICU Research, Inormation and Communications Unit

British Muslim MediaConsumption Report

March 2010(Research completed June 2008)


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Beginning o report


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British Muslim MediaConsumption Report

March 2010(Research completed June 2008)


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CONTEST, the UKs counter-terrorism strategy, aims to reduce the risk to the UK and its interests from

international terrorism, so that people can go about their daily lives freely and with condence. It details the

terrorist threat we face and how it has evolved, and sets out the principles that govern our response to this

threat, our achievements to date, the challenges, and what we intend to do next.

CONTESTcomprises four principal workstreams, each with a clear objective:

Pursue To stop terrorist attacks.

Prevent To stop people becoming terrorists or supporting violent extremism.

Protect To strengthen our protection against terrorist attacks.

Prepare Where an attack cannot be stopped, to mitigate its impact.

A copy of the CONTESTstrategy is available on the Home Oce website:

http://security.homeoce.gov.uk/news-publications/publication-search/general/HO_Contest_strategy/HO_

Contest_strategy22835.pdf?view=Binary

The Research, Information and Communications Unit (RICU) was established in June 2007 and is staed and

directed by CLG, the Foreign and Commonwealth Oce and the Home Oce. The unit forms part of the Oce

for Security and Counter Terrorism in the Home Oce and supports the delivery ofCONTEST.

The purpose of RICU is to ensure that the UK Government communicates eectively to reduce the risk of

terrorism, by:

advising CONTESTpartners on their counter-terrorism-related communications

using communications to expose the weaknesses of violent extremist ideologies and brands, and

using communications to support credible alternatives to violent extremism.

Fundamental to achieving RICUs objectives is the commissioning of communications research which provides

Government with an evidence base upon which it can eectively communicate all aspects of its CT strategy to a

variety of audiences.

The overarching objectives of RICUs research programme are to: understand the audiences that Government

is talking to; understand the impact of the message content, and the language used by Government when

discussing CT-related issues; identify which channels are most eective in helping Government to reach

audiences and to ensure that messages resonant eectively; and evaluate the impact of Governments CT

communications.

Disclaimer

The research was carried out by TNS. The views expressed are those of the authors and are not necessarily

shared by the Home Oce, Foreign and Commonwealth Oce or Department for Communities and LocalGovernment (nor do they represent Government policy).

Crown Copyright 2010

Extracts from this document may be reproduced for non-commercial purposes on condition that the source is

acknowledged.

This information is also available on the Home Oce website:

http://security.homeoce.gov.uk

First Published: March 2010

Research completed: June 2008

ISSN 2042-8251 ISBN 978-1-84987-160-0


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March 2010 British Muslim Media Consumption Report

Contents

1. Executive summary .......................................................................................................................................1

Setting the scene .................................................................................................................................................................................. 1

Media consumption television.....................................................................................................................................................2

Media consumption other media ............................................................................................................................................... 3

2. Introduction ................................................................................................................................................... 5

Background ............................................................................................................................................................................................5

Research objectives ............................................................................................................................................................................. 5

Research method ................................................................................................................................................................................. 5

3. Setting the scene ...........................................................................................................................................8

Demographic prole ........................................................................................................................................................................... 8

How long resided in UK......................................................................................................................................................................9

Other Muslims country o birth .................................................................................................................................................11

Languages spoken ............................................................................................................................................................................. 11

Languages consume media in ......................................................................................................................................................14

Religious and cultural behaviour ..................................................................................................................................................16

4. General concerns ......................................................................................................................................... 19

5. General interests..........................................................................................................................................22

General Interests .................................................................................................................................................................................22

Interest in key types o inormation ...........................................................................................................................................23

6. General media consumption ......................................................................................................................25

Media reach summary ......................................................................................................................................................................25

Types o television received ..........................................................................................................................................................25

Types o TV programmes usually watched ...............................................................................................................................26

TV channels watched nowadays...................................................................................................................................................29

TV programmes usually watched .................................................................................................................................................32

TV programmes would watch i eatured issues afecting Muslims ................................................................................33

Radio stations listened to/requency o listening ...................................................................................................................33

Newspapers read/requency o reading ....................................................................................................................................35

Magazines read/requency o reading ......................................................................................................................................37

Internet access, orums/blogs and website usage ................................................................................................................38

7. Information sources used to nd out about interest areas .....................................................................43

Reminder: Interest in key types o inormation .......................................................................................................................43

Media used or diferent types o inormation ........................................................................................................................43

8. Information sources used to nd out about interest areas .....................................................................47

APPENDIX 1: Special interest groups and other channels by media ............................................................49

Examples o ndings .........................................................................................................................................................................49

Other channels by media ...............................................................................................................................................................52


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British Muslim Media Consumption Report March 2010

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Tables

Table 1: Sample prole and weighting .............................................................................................................................. 6

Table 2: Language interview conducted in

1 in 10 interviews conducted in non-English language.............................................................................. 6 Table 3: Demographic prole (1) o British Muslim sample compared to general population ..................... 8

Table 4: Prole o sample by social grade and employment status

Demographic prole (2) ......................................................................................................................................... 9

Table 5: Generation o immigrant and length o time in the UK/whether born in UK.....................................9

Table 6: Demographic prole by ethnicity .....................................................................................................................10

Table 7: Other Muslims country o birth ...................................................................................................................... 11

Table 8: English regularly spoken/main language .......................................................................................................12

Table 9: Languages regularly spoken at home by ethnic group ............................................................................ 13

Table 10: Languages used or watching TV/listening to radio ..................................................................................15 Table 11: Languages used or reading print media and websites ........................................................................... 16

Table 12: Prole o those who watch TV channels daily ..............................................................................................29

Table 13: TV channels watched by ethnic group (1) ......................................................................................................30

Table 14: TV channels watched by ethnic group (2)...................................................................................................... 31

Table 15: Radio stations listened to by ethnic group ....................................................................................................35

Table 16: Newspaper readership by ethnic group .........................................................................................................37

Table 17: Media used or diferent types o inormation ............................................................................................44

Table 18: Subgroups use o media to nd out about key types o inormation

Higher Amongst ......................................................................................................................................................44

Table 19: TV channels used to nd out about key types o inormation (1) .........................................................46

Figures

Figure 1: Subgroups or analysis ............................................................................................................................................ 7

Figure 2: Languages regularly spoken/main language ............................................................................................... 12

Figure 3: Languages used or media consumption ......................................................................................................14

Figure 4: Religious/cultural behaviour ...............................................................................................................................17

Figure 5: Diferences in level o observance by ethnic group

Religious/cultural behaviour ...............................................................................................................................18

Figure 6: Respondents major concerns ............................................................................................................................19

Figure 7: British Muslims major concerns compared to those o the general population ............................20

Figure 8: Major concerns by ethnic group .......................................................................................................................21

Figure 9: Respondents general interests .........................................................................................................................22

Figure 10: Interest in key types o inormation .................................................................................................................23

Figure 11: Overview o media reach among British Muslims ......................................................................................25

Figure 12: Types o television received ...............................................................................................................................26

Figure 13: TV programmes usually watched by ve per cent o more o sample ................................................27

Figure 14: TV programmes watched by demographic subgroups ............................................................................27

Figure 15: TV programmes watched key diferences by ethnic group .................................................................28


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Figure 16: TV channels watched and requency ..............................................................................................................28

Figure 17: TV programmes usually watched .....................................................................................................................32

Figure 18: TV programmes would watch i specic issue o interest ........................................................................33

Figure 19: Radio stations listened to and requency ......................................................................................................34

Figure 20: Newspapers read and requency ......................................................................................................................36

Figure 21: Magazines read ........................................................................................................................................................38

Figure 22: Internet access .........................................................................................................................................................39

Figure 23: Participation in discussion orums and blogs ...............................................................................................40

Figure 24: Types o websites visited ...................................................................................................................................... 41

Figure 25: Websites visited and requency .........................................................................................................................42

Figure 26: Interest in key types o inormation .................................................................................................................43

Figure 27: Key diferences in channel use by ethnic group ..........................................................................................45

Figure 28: Trusted sources o inormation ..........................................................................................................................47

Figure 29: Non-trusted sources o inormation ................................................................................................................48

Figure A1.1: Q25 TV channels watched nowadays ..........................................................................................................52

Figure A1.2: Q28 Radio stations listened to nowadays ...................................................................................................53

Figure A1.3: Q30 Newspapers read nowadays ..................................................................................................................53

Figure A1.4: Q32 Magazines read nowadays .....................................................................................................................54

Figure A1.5: Q35 Websites visited more than once ..........................................................................................................54


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1. Executive summary

Setting the scene

Country o birth

Nearly two-thirds o respondents (65%) were born

outside the UK. Even where they were born in

this country, the vast majority had parents born

elsewhere. Among those born outside the UK there

was an even spread in terms o when they had

arrived, ranging rom less than ve years ago to 30

years or more ago.

Language

English was regularly spoken at home by nearly

three-quarters o those interviewed (72%) and was

the main language or about hal o them (and or

38% o the sample as a whole). Three out o ve were

multilingual.

English was more likely to be spoken among younger

(16- to 34-year-olds 83%) and more highly educated

respondents (81%); and those who had lived here

longest (30+ years 81%).

The Turkish/Kurdish ethnic group was least likely

to speak English regularly (59%) or as their main

language (28%). Iraqis (20%), Somalis/Other East

Aricans (19%) and North Aricans (22%) were also less

likely to have English as their main language.

There was a high level o media consumption in

English (86% TV/radio; 81% written media). Urdu was

the next most commonly used language (35% TV/

radio; 24% written media).

Unsurprisingly, the groups that were more likely to

consume media in English matched those more likely

to speak English.

Religious and cultural behaviour

Those interviewed generally observed many o the

religious behaviours, with nearly two-thirds (65%)

giving the most observant response on at least three

out o the ve behaviours. Four out o ve (80%)

claimed to only ever eat Halal ood; three-quarters

observed all the Ramadan/Lent asts (75%) and three

out o ve prayed at home every day (60%).

Looking at the subgroups, women (68%), those aged

over 35 (68%) and rst-generation immigrants (67%)

were more likely to pray every day. Males (53%) and

those aged 45+ (49%) were more likely to go to the

mosque/church more than once a week. Women

(46%) and those aged 45+ (45%) were more likely

always to wear traditional clothes.

Turkish/Kurdish respondents were least likely o

all the ethnic groups to observe all o the religious

behaviours.

Concerns and topics o interest

When shown a list o possible concerns and asked

which they elt they were acing today, crime was

mentioned by the highest proportion o respondents

(31%) ollowed by drugs (26%) and indeed these

were the main concerns or the general population

(35% and 25% respectively). Discrimination was o

greater interest to British Muslims (mentioned by

13% versus only 5% o the population as a whole),

but immigration, pensions and provision o health

services/the NHS were relatively lesser concerns or

this audience than or the population.

However, looking at the subgroups, immigration was

o greater concern to Iraqis (20%) and to those who

had been in the UK the shortest time (ve years or less

18%). Drugs were o greater concern to Pakistanis

(36%) and standards in education to Bangladeshis

(16%).

Religion and culture was the main topic o interest

to British Muslims (58%). World and British news


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were mentioned by 39 per cent and 30 per cent

respectively, sport by 39 per cent and entertainment

by 35 per cent. The Turkish/Kurdish group was least

interested in religion/culture (40%).

Interest in key types o inormation

When asked to rate their level o interest in the our

key areas, nine out o ten respondents (92%) said they

were interested in their religion and culture. Slightly

ewer were interested in domestic or international

news (82% in each case) and three-quarters (76%)

were interested in entertainment.

All other ethnic groups were more likely to beinterested in religion and culture compared to the

Turkish/Kurdish group (43%) and Iraqis (48%).

Those who were more highly educated, or example

with a degree, were more likely to be interested in

news (domestic 89% and international 90%).

Younger respondents were more likely to be

interested in entertainment (85%), while those aged

2544 years were more likely to be interested in

domestic news (87%).

Media consumption television

Types o television

About our out o ve respondents (83%) received

some orm o multi-channel TV, with Sky satellite

TV the most common type (53%). Bangladeshis and

Pakistanis were more likely to receive Sky (71% and

64% respectively). Turkish/Kurdish respondents, North

Aricans and Iraqis were more likely to have other

orms o satellite TV (45%, 33% and 30% respectively).

Types o TV programmes watched

The vast majority o those interviewed watched any

TV (93%). Films were most popular (50%), ollowed by

news/weather (38%) and ootball (36%). Around three

out o ten (29%) watched religious programmes.

Films, music and comedies were more likely to be

watched by younger respondents and those very

interested in entertainment. Religious programmes

were more likely to be watched by those aged 4554

(41%) and those very interested in religion and culture

(39%).

TV channels watched/requency

The ve main terrestrial channels were generally the

most likely to be watched, with BBC One watched by

the highest proportion (53%). Around three out o

ve respondents (59%) watched any specialist ethnic

minority channels the Islam Channel was most likely

to be watched (27%). News channels also had notablelevels o mentions (BBC News 24 24%; Sky News

22%).

Looking at requency, news channels (BBC News 24

and Sky News), GEO TV and Zee TV were most likely to

be watched daily.

TV programmes watched

From a prompted list o TV programmes, EastEnders

was the soap opera most likely to be watched (33%)

and was in act the most mentioned programme.

Crimewatch was viewed by a similar number o

respondents (31%).

There were gender diferences between these

programmes, with EastEnders higher among

emales (44%) and Crimewatch higher among males

(36%). EastEnders was more likely to be watched

by Pakistanis (40%) and Bangladeshis (37%), whileCrimewatch was more likely to be watched by

Pakistanis (33%) and other Muslims (38%).

TV programmes would watch i eatured

issues afecting Muslims

Panorama was the programme most likely to be

watched (i not currently watched) i it eatured

such an issue, being mentioned by 17 per cent

o respondents. Newsnight was mentioned by

somewhat ewer respondents (12%).


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Media consumption other media

Radio

About hal o respondents (46%) listened to any radio

stations. BBC Asian Network (11%), BBC Radio 1 (9%)

and Sunrise Radio (9%) were most likely to be listened

to. Although they had ewer listeners, Kiss 100 FM and

BBC Five Live (7% and 5% respectively) were most

likely to be listened to daily.

Pakistanis were more likely to listen to BBC Asian

Network (17%) and Sunrise Radio (15%). Those

educated to degree level or above were more likely to

listen to Radio 1 (18%).

Print

Just over two-thirds o respondents (67%) read any

newspapers. Metro had the highest readership at 24

per cent (due to the concentration o Muslims in city

areas).

The Sun was the tabloid with the highest readership

(17%) and among broadsheets The Guardian (6%) was

mentioned by more than any other. The Daily Jang

was the specialist ethnic minority paper with the

highest level o mentions (5%).

Younger respondents (1634 30%) and those with a

degree (40%) were more likely to read Metro. Somalis/

East Aricans (39%), North Aricans (37%) and Iraqis

(36%) were more likely to read Metro, while those in

the Turkish/Kurdish group were more likely to read

The Sun (30%).

About a quarter o respondents read any magazines

(27%) lower than or other media but in line with the

general population. OK, Hello andAsian Woman were

the most popular titles, although each was mentioned

by only our per cent o those interviewed.

Internet

Roughly three out o ve respondents (61%) had

Internet access roughly in line with the generalpopulation (66%). Over hal o these people (58%)

accessed the Internet every day. The majority (88%)

had access at home.

Those aged 1624 and with English as their main

language were more likely to have Internet access

(83% and 72% respectively) and to access it daily (76%

and 66% respectively).

Looking at the ethnic groups, North Aricans were

most likely to have Internet access (77%). Somalis/East

Aricans were more likely to access the Internet in a

public place (29%).

Only a minority o those with Internet access (8%)

used discussion orums or blogs.

Education (27%), music (23%), news (23%), recruitment

(22%) and sports (22%) websites were more likely to

be visited. Education-site use was higher among those

aged 1624 (37%), with a degree or above (38%) and

i the respondent had been in the UK ve years or less

(44%). It is possible that some o these respondents

had come to the UK specically to study.

Use o recruitment websites was higher among those

aged 2534 (28%), with a degree or above (40%) and

those who had been in the UK ve years or less (40%).

Google was the website most likely to be visited

(68%), ollowed by YouTube (43%) and Yahoo (35%).

Some 16 per cent had visited any ethnic minority site.

Somalis/East Aricans and North Aricans were more

likely to visit ethnic minority sites, particularly Islam

Online and Al Jazeera (Arabic and English).

Channel usage or diferent inormation types

Television was the key channel or all types o

inormation. There was higher usage o television

or international news (74%) than or domestic news

(63%), entertainment (62%) or religion/culture (59%).

Newspapers were used primarily or domestic news

inormation (43%), but also or international news

(29%).


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Those seeking inormation about religion or culture

were more likely to use a range o less mainstream or

specialist/ethnic minority media channels (33%).

Radio was used by around one in ten respondents and

consistently or all types o inormation.

Younger respondents were more likely to use the

Internet or all types o inormation; those in the

middle age groups were more likely to listen to radio.

Males were more likely than emales to use the

Internet or all types o inormation. Those who had

been in the UK or ve years or less were more likely to

use the Internet or all types o inormation.

Trust in media channels

Word-o-mouth channels were the most trusted or

inormation on religion and culture over hal would

get inormation rom their parents (54%) and just

under hal would get inormation rom community

leaders or Islamic books/DVDs (47%).

Television was the most trusted source o inormation

or international news (47%) and also entertainment

(39%). The most trusted sources o inormation or

domestic news were newspapers (35%) and television

(33%).

The least trusted source o inormation on religion and

culture was the Government or any agency associated

with it i.e. police, local government (26%).

In addition, around one in ve o those interested

in religious/cultural inormation, domestic or

international news do not trust newspapers or the

Internet or these types o inormation.


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2. Introduction

Background

In order to inorm their media activity and be able to

strategically plan counter-terrorism communications,

the Home Oce and RICU need to understand the

media consumption o British Muslim adults, covering

a number o key audience groups. It is not possible to

use mainstream media planning tools or this purpose

as respondents are not asked to state their religion

or the number o Muslim respondents included is

insucient.

As such TNS has undertaken a quantitative survey

o the UK British Muslim population on behal o

the Home Oce and RICU to provide an inormed

map o inuential media channels by relevant socio-

demographic, cultural, attitudinal and regional

breakdowns.

Research objectives

The over-arching objective o this study was to

provide a detailed understanding o the media

consumption patterns o the British Muslim

community. More specically it aimed to provide an

understanding o:

what media sources and channels are used to nd

out about:

religious and cultural issues;

domestic and international news; entertainment;

overall levels of interestin nding out about each o

these areas andpatterns of information seeking or

each;

the extent to which people engage and interact

with their media channels;

how interest levels and media consumption

patterns difer by specific subgroups within the

Muslim community; and

views about the trustworthiness and credibilityodiferent sources o inormation or diferent issues.

Research method

Fieldwork was conducted ace to ace in respondents

homes using CAPI (Computer Assisted Personal

Interviewing) between 28 February and 1 April 2008.

The research was composed o a base sample

representative o the British Muslim population so

that the survey results are ully representative o the

diversity o the Muslim population in Britain.

To enable analysis o the results by ethnic group

(Pakistani, Bangladeshi, Iraqi, Somali or Other East

Arican, North Arican and Turkish/Kurdish), boost

samples were conducted to achieve a minimum o 100

interviews in each o these groups. The exceptions

were Pakistanis and Bangladeshis or whom the

representative sample yielded sucient interviews.

The 2001 Census data were used as the basis or

sampling (although it is somewhat out o date there

is no better or more recent source o comprehensive

national data on ethnicity, religion and country o

birth).

Respondents or the base sample were selected using

a random location sampling method within wards

with ve per cent or more Muslim residents. Between

them these wards contain 72.5 per cent o the Muslim

population. This level o coverage was selected to

ensure the sample had good coverage o the range

o the Muslim population, including those who live

in more mixed communities. Quotas were set on

gender and age, to be representative o the Muslim

population. Quotas were also set or the diferent

subgroups, reecting the local population in the

sampled wards.

Sample points or the boost interviews were selected

rom the wards with the largest populations o each

ethnic group.


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Respondents were allocated to an ethnic group based

on their own sel-classication.

The boost samples were weighted back to their

correct proportions using the 2001 Census data to

ensure a representative sample o British Muslims or

analysis. A total o 1,124 interviews were achieved with

British Muslim adults aged 16+ years in the UK.

The sample proles both unweighted and weighted

are shown in Table 1.

Respondents were given the option o completing

an interview in English, Urdu, Bengali or Somali. The

numbers o respondents completing the interview in

each language are illustrated in Table 2.

Table 1: Sample prole and weighting

Sex: Unweighted % Weighted %

Male 52 52

Female 48 48

Age:

16 - 24 20 28

25 - 49 57 55

50+ 23 17

Region:

North 21 27

London 58 44

South / Midlands 21 29

Ethnic origin:

Pakistani 27 43Bangladeshi 11 17

Turkish / Kurdish 11 4

Somali or other East Arican 16 3

Iraqi 12 3

North Arican 13 5

Other Muslim 13 27

Table 2: Language interview conducted in1 in 10 interviews conducted in non-English language

% Total Pakistani Bangladeshi Iraqi

Somali/

Other East

African

North

African

Turkish/

Kurdish

Other

Muslim

Base (1124) (306) (124) (133) (175) (145) (126) (144)

English

only90 85 89 100 78 99 100 96

Non-

English

(Net)

10 15 11 - 22 1 - 4

Urdu 7 14 - - - - - 4

Bengali 2 - 10 - - 1 - -

Somali 1 1 - - 22 - - -


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Figure 1: Subgroups for analysis

Gender

Age

16-24, 25-34, 35-

44, 45-54, 55+

Region

Scotland, North East, North West/North Wales, Total North

(=North East or North West/North Wales), West Midlands,

East Midlands, Total East (=East Midlands or North East),

South West/South Wales, London/South East

Ethnic Groups

Pakistani, Bangladeshi, Iraqi, Somali/

Other East Arican, North Arican,

Turkish/Kurdish, Other Muslims

Educational Attainment

Degree or above (=degree or higher degree), GCSE + Degree

- (=Diploma, A/AS level or trade apprenticeship), GCSE + (=

Diploma, A/AS level or trade apprenticeship, degree or higher

degree), GCSE, None (=none of these)

Number of years in the UK

5 years or less, 6-10 years,

11-20 years, 21-30 years, 30+ years

Generation of immigrant

1st generation (=born outside UK), 2nd generation (=born in

UK, mother or ather born outside UK),

NB Base size o 3rd generation (=born in UK and mother and

father born in UK) too low or analysis

Languages

Total speak English, Speak English only, Multilingual (=speak English and other language), Dont speak

English, English main language, English 2nd language (=speak English but not main language)

Signicant diferences (at 95% level) have been

indicated (where relevant) between subgroups.

Where gures are signicantly diferent this has been

denoted by a circle (signicantly higher) and a square

(signicantly lower).

The subgroups covered within the analysis and theirdenitions or reerence are shown in Figure 1.


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British Muslim Media Consumption Report June 2008

8

3. Setting the scene

In this chapter, the demographics o the sample arediscussed, together with how long respondents have

lived in the UK and their use o English and other

languages.

Demographic prole

Table 3 shows the gender, age and regional prole

o the British Muslim sample, compared to that

o the general population, (taken rom the BARB

Establishment Survey rom the two years ending

December 2006).

The gender prole o British Muslims was very

similar to that o the general population. There were,

however, signicant diferences in terms o age,

with British Muslims in general younger than the

population as a whole. In the general population,

some 14 per cent were aged 1624, but among British

Muslims there were double the number in this age

group (28%).

The diference in the number o 25- to 49-year-olds

was somewhat less marked, although again there

were more British Muslims in this group (55%) than

there were members o the general population (44%).

Relatively ew British Muslims were aged 50 or over only 17 per cent compared to 42 per cent o the

population.

There is a strong concentration o British Muslims in

London (44%, compared to only 13% o the general

population). Far more live in London than in any other

region or area. Outside London, British Muslims were

in broad terms evenly distributed across the North

(27%) and the South/Midlands (29%).

Table 4 examines the prole o the sample in terms o

social grade and employment status.

The British Muslim population has a strong bias

towards social grades DE, with almost hal o those

interviewed (47%) in these social grade groupings,

compared to 30 per cent o the general population.

The proportion o British Muslims in social grades C1

and C2 is very similar to that in the population as a

whole. Very ew are classied as ABs only eight per

cent compared to 22 per cent o the population.

Their employment prole is also rather diferent rom

that o the population as a whole, with ewer in ull-

Table 3: Demographic prole (1) of British Muslim sample compared to generalpopulation

Sex: British Muslims % General Population* %

Male 52 49

Female 48 51

Age:

16 - 24 28 14

25 - 49 55 44

50+ 17 42

Region:

North 27 34

London 44 13

South/Midlands 29 53

*BARB Establishment Survey 2 years ending Dec 06


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time work (29%, as compared to 46% o the general

population) and more students (17%, versus only 7%).

How long resided in UK

Respondents were asked in what year they had rst

come to the UK, their country o birth and that o their

parents to determine what generation o immigrant

they were. This is shown in Table 5.

A substantial proportion o the British Muslims

interviewed were relatively recent immigrants

almost two-thirds (65%) had been born outside the

UK and were the rst generation o their amily to

live here. Just over a quarter (27%) were second-

generation immigrants i.e. they had been born here,

but their parent(s) had been born outside the UK.

Thus the vast majority had parents born outside the

UK.

Only a tiny minority (4%) were third-generation

immigrants.

Those interviewed represented a wide spread o time

spent residing in the UK. Just under a th o those

not born in the UK (17%) had been here or ve years

or less and the same proportion (19%) had been here

or six to ten years. The same was true or each o the

other ve-year time bands, right up to a th (21%)

Table 4: Prole of sample by social grade and employment statusDemographic prole (2)

Social Grade British Muslims % General Population* %

AB 8 22

C1 27 28

C2 18 21

DE 47 30

Employment Status

Full time 29 46

Part time 12 10

Student 17 7

Not in paid work 42 37

*BARB Establishment Survey 2 years ending Dec 06

Table 5: Generation of immigrant and length of time in the UK/whether born in UK

Generation of immigrant %

1st generation (Born outside UK) 652nd generation (Born in UK/ather & mother born outside UK) 27

3rd generation (Born in UK/ather or mother born in UK) 4

Length of time in the UK % of those not born in UK (866)

5 years or less 17

6-10 years 19

11-20 years 22

21-30 years 16

More than 30 years 21

Source: Q6 In what country were you born? Q60 In what country was your ather born? Q61 And in what country was your

mother born? Q7 And in what year did you FIRST come to the UK to live or to work?

Base: All respondents (1124) Length o time in UK % o those not born in UK (866)


18/64


10

having been resident in the UK or more than 30

years.

The age and gender prole o the various ethnic

groups that make up British Muslims i.e. Pakistanis,

Bangladeshis, etc. was broadly similar.

There was, predictably, some variation in what

generation o immigrant the various ethnic groups

represented and hence the amount o time they had

spent in the UK and this is shown in Table 6.

While the majority o those in the Pakistani and

Bangladeshi ethnic groups were rst-generation

immigrants (63% and 68% respectively), a sizeable

proportion o each o these groups were more

established, second-generation incomers (33% and

26% respectively).

In contrast, among all o the other ethnic groups

(except the diverse Other Muslim grouping) the vast

majority around nine out o ten or more were rst-

generation arrivals in the UK.

This diference between the more established

Pakistani and Bangladeshi residents and the other

ethnic groups was predictably reected in how long

the various groups had lived in the UK. A substantial

proportion o the Pakistanis and Bangladeshis

interviewed had lived in the UK or more than 20

years, whereas very ew o the Iraqi, Somali/Other

East Arican, North Arican or Turkish/Kurdish groups

had done so. However, despite the majority being

rst-generation immigrants to the UK, they were

not necessarily recent arrivals. While a substantial

proportion o each o these ethnic groups had lived

in the UK or ve years or less, the majority had been

here or six to 20 years.

Table 6: Demographic prole by ethnicity


Somali/

Other

East

African

North

African

Turkish/

Kurdish

Other

Muslim

(1124) (306) (124) (133) (175) (145) (126) (144)

Generation of immigrant

1st generation

(Born outside UK)65 63 68 93 94 90 87 51

2nd generation

(Born in UK/ather

& mother born

outside UK)

27 33 26 5 5 7 11 29

3rd generation

(Born in UK/atheror mother born in

UK)

4 1 1 - - 2 2 11

Length of time in the UK

5 years or less 17 15 9 20 16 29 16 22

6-10 years 19 17 16 34 32 19 22 19

11-20 years 22 21 19 34 40 28 38 15

21-30 years 16 12 34 4 5 9 13 13

More than 30 years 21 29 15 1 4 8 10 22

Source: Q6 In what country were you born? Q60 In what country was your ather born? Q61 And in what country was your

mother born? Q7 And in what year did you FIRST come to the UK to live or to work?

Base: All respondents (1124) Length o time in UK % o those not born in UK (866)


19/64

11


Other Muslims country of birth

Those in the Other Muslim group (i.e. they did not

belong to any o the specic ethnic groups shown in

Table 6) were asked in what country they had been

born and this is shown in Table 7.

Almost hal o this group (49%) had been born in the

UK, but the largest single group to be born outside

this country (a th/20%) came rom India.

Languages spoken

All respondents were asked, via a prompted list, which

languages they regularly spoke at home and which

they considered to be their main language. Figure 2

shows the response to these questions.

Not surprisingly, English was the language spoken

regularly at home by the largest single group (72%).

However, only approaching hal o this group

(equating to two-ths o those interviewed 38%)

considered English their main language. Just over one

in ten (12%) spoke only English and the majority (60%)

were multilingual.

Looking at those who regularly spoke English, doing

so was more common among younger respondents

(1634 83%); those who were educated to GCSE

level or above (81%); second-generation immigrants/

those born in the UK and those who had lived here or

more than 30 years (88% and 81% respectively) and

those living in the North East (89%) and East Midlands

(82%).

Urdu was the second most commonly spoken

language, used regularly by just over a third o

respondents (36%), ollowed by Punjabi (23%). Bengali

and Arabic were each spoken regularly by around one

in seven British Muslims (14% and 13% respectively)

and all other languages were used regularly by less

than one in ten respondents (Gujarati 8%; Hindi

5%).

For 15 per cent o respondents Urdu was their main

language, ollowed by ten per cent whose main

language was Punjabi or Bengali. Fewer than one in

ten used any other language as their main one.

Table 9 examines the languages spoken by each

ethnic group.

Table 7: Other Muslims country of birth

%

UK 49

India 20

Aghanistan 6

Yemen 5

Sudan 3

Iran 2

Kuwait 1

Lebanon 1

Somewhere else 11

Source: Q6 In what country were you born?Base: All Other Muslims (144)


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12

Figure 2: Languages regularly spoken/main language

12% speak English only

60% multilingual

English Regularly Spoken 72 per cent Main Language 38 per cent Higher: 16-34 (83%), educated (81%), 2nd

generation (88%), lived here more than 30 years (81%), NE (89%), E-mids (82%)

Urdu Regularly Spoken 36 per cent Main Language 15 per cent

Punjabi Regularly Spoken 23 per cent Main Language 10 per cent

Bengali Regularly Spoken 14 per cent Main Language 10 per cent

Arabic Regularly Spoken 13 per cent Main Language 8 per cent

Gujarati Regularly Spoken 8 per cent Main Language 5 per cent

Hindi Regularly Spoken 5 per cent Main Language 1 per cent

Note: Only shown >5%

Source: Q8 Which o the ollowing languages do you regularly speak at home?

Q9 Which do you consider is your main language?

Base: All respondents (1124)

Table 8: English regularly spoken/main language


Somali/

Other

East

African

North

African

Turkish/

Kurdish

Other

Muslim

Base (1124) (306) (124) (133) (175) (145) (126) (144)

English regularly

spoken72 75 64 75 68 73 59 76

English main

language39 41 35 20 19 22 28 46




Regularly Spoken

Main Language

Hindi

Gujarati

Arabic

Bengali

Punjabi

Urdu

English

Higher:16-34 (83%), educated (81%),2nd generation (88%),lived here more than 30 years (81%),NE (89%), E-mids (82%)

12% speak English only60% multilingual

%

72

38

36

15

23

10

10

14

13

8

8

5

5

1


21/64

13


There was relatively little variation by ethnic group

in the number regularly speaking English. In most

ethnic groups between two-thirds and three-quarters

o respondents did so (or example, Pakistanis 75%;

Bangladeshis 64%). Fewer survey participants o

Turkish/Kurdish ethnic origin (59%) did so compared

to the other groups.

The ethnic groups difered rather more in terms o use

o English as their main language. Fewer Iraqis (20%);

Somalis/Other East Aricans (19%); North Aricans

(22%) and Turkish/Kurdish respondents (28%) used

English as their main language compared to Pakistanis

(41%) or Bangladeshis (35%). Clearly, to some extent

this relates to how long the various groups have lived

in the UK and what generation o immigrant they are.

Use o English as their main language was highest

among the Other Muslim group (46%).

Table 9 shows in detail the languages regularly

spoken at home by the various ethnic groups.

The majority o Pakistanis regularly spoke Urdu (69%)

or Punjabi (47%).

Most Bangladeshis interviewed regularly spoke

Bengali (83%), with a minority using Sylheti (10%);

Hindi (7%); Farsi or Urdu (each 5%).

The Iraqi respondents mainly spoke Arabic regularly

(82%), though a substantial minority spoke Kurdish

(25%). Arabic was also the language used regularly

by the majority o North Arican respondents (76%).

Around one in ten o this ethnic group regularly spoke

Somali (10%) or French (12%).

Among the Somali/Other East Arican group, Somali

dominated (81%), though a substantial group

Table 9: Languages regularly spoken at home by ethnic group


Somali/

Other

East

African

North

African

Turkish/

Kurdish

Other

Muslim

Base (1124) (306) (124) (133) (175) (145) (126) (144)

English 72 75 64 75 68 73 59 76

Urdu 35 69 5 2 2 2 - 19

Punjabi 22 47 - 1 2 - - 9

Bengali 14 - 83 2 - 1 - -

Arabic 13 4 - 82 24 76 7 16

Gujarati 8 1 - - 2 - - 28

Hindi 5 2 7 - 1 1 - 11

Pushto 4 5 - 2 - - - 6

Turkish 3 - - 1 - - 72 -

Somali 3 - - - 81 10 - -

Kurdish 2 - - 25 - 3 16 -

Farsi 2 1 5 3 1 1 2 4

Sylheti 2 - 10 - - - - -

French 1 1 - 1 2 12 1 2

Swahili - - - - 12 1 - -





22/64


14

regularly spoke Arabic (24%) and more than one in

ten (12%) spoke Swahili.

Regular use o Turkish (72%) was ar more prevalent

among the Turkish/Kurdish group than Kurdish (16%).

Clearly, in all o these ethnic groups, and particularly

among Pakistanis, more than one language was

spoken regularly by some individuals.

Languages consume media in

Again using a prompted list, respondents were asked

in which languages they watched TV, listened to the

radio, or read newspapers, magazines or websites.

Figure 3 illustrates the languages used.

In broad terms and unsurprisingly, this reected the

languages British Muslims regularly spoke at home.

However, somewhat more o them consumed some

orm o media in English than spoke it regularly at

home, no doubt due to its sheer prevalence. Morethan our out o ve British Muslims watched/listened

(86%) or read (81%) some orm o media in English,

compared to 72 per cent who spoke it regularly.

Consumption o TV and radio in English was higher

among males (89%); those aged 1634 (90%); those

who were educated to GCSE or above (94%) and

second-generation immigrants/those who had

lived here or more than 30 years (95% and 91%

respectively).

Figure 3: Languages used for media consumption

English Watch TV/Listen to radio 86 per cent Read newspapers/magazines/websites 81 per cent Higher:

Males (89%), 16-34s (90%), Educated (94%), 2nd Gen (95%), lived here more than 30 years (91%)

Urdu Watch TV/Listen to radio 35 per cent Read newspapers/magazines/websites 24 per centHindi Watch TV/Listen to radio 18 per cent Read newspapers/magazines/websites 8 per cent

Arabic Watch TV/Listen to radio 13 per cent Read newspapers/magazines/websites 8 per cent

Punjabi Watch TV/Listen to radio 12 per cent Read newspapers/magazines/websites 6 per cent

Bengali Watch TV/Listen to radio 9 per cent Read newspapers/magazines/websites 6 per cent

Languages regularly spoken at home

English 72 per cent

Urdu 35 per cent

Hindi 5 per cent

Arabic 13 per cent

Punjabi 22 per centBengali 14 per cent


Source: Q10 Which o the ollowing languages do you watch TV or listen to the radio in and which do you read

newspapers, magazines or websites in?Base: All respondents (1124)

Watch TV/Listen to radio

Read newspapers/magazines/websites

%

Bengali

Punjabi

Arabic

Hindi

Urdu

English

Languages regularlyspoken at home

72%

35%

5%

13%

22%

14%

Higher:Males (89%),16-34s (90%),Educated (94%),2nd Gen (95%),lived here more than 30 years (91%)

86

81

35

24

18

8

8

13

12

6

6

9


23/64

15


The second most common language to consume

media in was Urdu, with just over a third watching

TV or listening to the radio in Urdu (35%), though

ewer consumed any written media in this language

(24%). The watching/listening gure is in line with the

proportion regularly using Urdu at home (35%).

Like English, Hindi was also stronger in media terms

compared to being spoken regularly at home. Only

ve per cent o British Muslims spoke Hindi regularly

at home, but 18 per cent watched TV or listened to

the radio in this language and eight per cent read

some orm o media in it.

Punjabi, conversely, eatured less in media terms

compared to its use at home. Just over a th o British

Muslims (22%) regularly spoke this language, but only

12 per cent watched or listened to anything in it and

only six per cent read anything in it.

Relatively ew British Muslims consumed any media in

Arabic or Bengali.

This is likely to reect the availability o media in the

various languages.

Table 10 examines the languages in which each ethnic

group watched TV or listened to the radio.

Clearly, in general terms, the languages in which each

ethnic group consumed TV or radio reected the

languages they spoke regularly at home. There were,

however, some exceptions to this.

Pakistanis and Bangladeshis were more likely to

consume broadcast media in Hindi than they were to

speak it regularly, with English media also eaturing

more strongly than the English language among

Bangladeshis.

Table 10: Languages used for watching TV/listening to radio


Somali/

Other

East

African

North

African

Turkish/

Kurdish

Other

Muslim

Base (1124) (306) (124) (133) (175) (145) (126) (144)

English 86 88 83 80 87 84 63 88

Urdu 34 65 9 2 2 2 1 19

Hindi 19 18 25 3 2 1 - 25

Arabic 13 4 2 81 33 65 7 18

Punjabi 12 22 - 1 - - - 8

Bengali 9 - 55 1 - 1 - -

Turkish 2 - - - - - 59 -

Kurdish - - - 6 - - 8 -

Sylheti 2 - 14 - - - -

Farsi 2 1 5 5 1 - - 2

Pushto 2 1 - 1 - - - 5

Gujarati 2 1 - - - - - 5

Somali 1 - - 1 39 2 - -

French 1 1 - - - 6 - 2

Higher than regularly speak language Lower than regularly speak language


Source: Q10 Which o the ollowing languages do you watch TV or listen to the radio in?Base: All respondents (1124)


24/64


25/64

17


those interviewed (75%) claimed they observed all the

asts during this period and a urther one in ten (11%)

claimed they observed most o them. Just under one

in ten (9%) only observed a ew o the asts.

There was somewhat lower general observance

relating to prayer. Nevertheless, three out o ve(60%) claimed they prayed at home every day, though

one-th (21%) stated they only prayed at home about

once a week and a urther 16 per cent admitted they

hardly ever did so.

Observance in terms o attendance at mosque or

church was lower still, with only just over a third (35%)

claiming to do so more than once a week and only

a quarter (23%) stating they attended on Fridays. As

many as a third (31%) said they attended only once amonth or less.

Looking at adoption o traditional clothes, three

out o ten (29%) said they always wore this type o

clothing. However, the majority (56%) did so only

sometimes and a urther 14 per cent never did.

Looking at the subgroups, those who spoke only

English and/or were not interested in their religion/

culture were less likely to be in the most observant

category or all ve behaviours. Females, those aged

over 35 and rst-generation immigrants were more

likely to pray every day; males and those aged over 45

were more likely to attend mosque/church more than

once a week; emales and those aged 45+ were more

likely always to wear traditional clothes.

Figure 5 summarises the key diferences in level o

observance by ethnic group.

Figure 4: Religious/cultural behaviour

7% most observant on all 5 behaviours

38% most observant on at least 4 o 5 behaviours

65% most observant on at least 3 o 5 behaviours

Halal ood (Only ever eat Halal ood) DK 4 percent 1 5 percent 2 11 percent 3 80 percent

Ramadan/Lent (Observe all Ramadan/Lent asts) DK 5 percent 1 9 percent 2 11 percent 3 75

percent

Praying (Pray at home everyday) DK 3 percent 1 16 percent 2 21 percent 3 60 percent

Mosque/Church (Go to mosque/church more than a week) DK 11 percent 1 31 percent 2 23 percent

3 35 percent

Traditional clothes (Always wear traditional clothes) DK 1 percent 1 14 percent 2 56 percent 3 29

percent

100 per cent = MOST OBSERVANT

Source: Q62 I am now going to show you 5 sets o statements. For each, please tell me which best reects your own

behaviour or views on religion


DK 1

%

Traditional clothes

Mosque/Church

Praying

Ramadan/Lent

Halal food

Observe allRamadan/Lent fasts

Only ever eatHalal food

Pray at homeevery day

Always weartraditional clothes

Go to mosque/church more than

a week

MOST OBSERVANT

801154

75115 9

60213 16

2 3

7% most observant on all 5 behaviours38% most observant on at least 4 of 5 behaviours65% most observant on at least 3 of 5 behaviours

352311 31

29561 14


26/64


18

Figure 5: Dierences in level of observance by ethnic groupReligious/cultural behaviour

PakistanisHigher on: Only

ever eat halal

ood (89%)

Somali/Other

East Africans

Higher on: Go to the

Mosque/church >

once a week (47%)

Bangladeshis

Higher on: Mainly

eat halal ood (19%),

Sometimes wear

traditional clothes (62%)

Iraqis

Higher on: Go

to the Mosque/

church only on

Fridays (34%)

North Africans

Higher on: Never

wear traditional

clothes (30%)

Turkish/Kurdish

Higher on: The least

observant measure

on all religious

behaviours

Other Muslims

Higher on:

Sometimes

wear traditional

clothes (61%)

Source: Q62 I am now going to show you 5 sets o statements. For each, please tell me which best reects your own

behaviour or views on religion


Pakistanis and Bangladeshis were more likely to be

more observant in terms o eating halal ood, with 89

per cent o the ormer group claiming they only ever

ate halal ood and 19 per cent o the latter stating they

mainly did so. Bangladeshis were also more likely to

sometimes wear traditional clothes (62%), as were

those in the Other Muslim grouping (61%). North

Aricans, however, were more likely never to wear

traditional clothes (30%).

Somalis/Other East Aricans were more likely to go

to the mosque/church more than once a week (47%).

Iraqis were more likely to go to the mosque/church

only on Fridays (34%).

Those o Turkish/Kurdish ethnic origin were least likely

to observe all o the religious behaviours e.g. 21 per

cent o this group ate equal amounts o halal and

other ood; 35 per cent o them only observed a ew o

the Ramadan/Lent asts and 54 per cent o them never

wore traditional clothes.


27/64

19


4. General concerns

All respondents were asked, using a prompted list,which o a number o issues they elt were the major

concerns acing them today. Figure 6 summarises

their concerns.

The issue mentioned by the highest proportion

o British Muslims was crime levels and anti-social

behaviour, which was selected by almost a third o

those interviewed (31%). Second in their hierarchy

came drugs, mentioned by a quarter (26%). A th

(20% in each case) mentioned each o house prices

and terrorism.

Discrimination and employment were each

mentioned by just over one in ten o the British

Muslims interviewed (13%). Slightly ewer/around one

in ten selected each o eeling sae in the UK/national

security (11%), trac congestion (10%) and standardsin education (10%). All other issues were mentioned

by ewer than one in ten o those interviewed.

Examining the subgroups (other than ethnic origin,

which is discussed below), no consistent pattern

emerged o any particular subgroup being more or

less concerned.

Figure 7 sets the responses o British Muslims in

context against the views o the general population(ascertained via an omnibus survey o 2,150 adults

conducted in March 2008).

Figure 6: Respondents major concerns

Crime levels\antisocial behaviour 31 per centDrugs 26 per centHouse prices 20 per centTerrorism 20 per centDiscrimination 13 per centEmployment 13 per centFeeling sae in the UK\national security 11 per centTrac congestion 10 per centStandards in education 10 per centThe economy 9 per centHealthy eating 9 per centHousehold nances 9 per centImmigration 8 per centProvision o health services\NHS 7 per cent

International issues 7 per centLocal community issues 7 per centPollution\environmental issues (including global warming) 6 per centPensions 2 per centAnimal welare 1 per centOther 0 per centDK 2 per centNone 11 per cent

Source: Q13 Looking at the screen which o the ollowing are the major concerns acing you today?


%

Healthy eating

The economy

Standards in education

Traffic congestion

Feeling safe in the UK\national security

Employment

Discrimination

Terrorism

House prices

Drugs

Crime levels\anti-social behaviour

None

DK

Other

Animal welfare

Pensions

Pollution\environmental issues(including global warming)

Local community issues

International issues

Provision of healthservices\NHS

Immigration

Household finances31

20

26

20

13

13

10

11

10

9

9

%

9

7

8

7

7

6

1

2

2

11


28/64


20

Figure 7: British Muslims major concerns compared to those of the generalpopulation

Crime levels\antisocial behaviour All respondents 31 per cent General Population 35 per cent

Drugs All respondents 26 per cent General Population 25 per centHouse prices All respondents 20 per cent Signicant at 95 per cent. General Population 17 per cent

Terrorism All respondents 20 per cent General Population 18 per cent

Discrimination All respondents 13 per cent Signicant at 95 per cent. General Population 5 per cent

Employment All respondents 13 per cent General Population 13 per cent

Feeling sae in the UK\national security All respondents 11 per cent General Population 9 per cent

Trac congestion All respondents 10 per cent General Population 13 per cent

Standards in education All respondents 10 per cent General Population 14 per cent

The economy All respondents 9 per cent General Population 16 per cent

Healthy eating All respondents 9 per cent General Population 10 per cent

Household nances All respondents 9 per cent General Population 14 per cent

Immigration All respondents 8 per cent General Population 20 per cent

Provision o health services\NHS All respondents 7 per cent General Population 18 per cent

International issues All respondents 7 per cent General Population 4 per cent

Local community issues All respondents 7 per cent General Population 7 per centPollution\environment al issues (including global warming) All respondents 6 per cent General Population 13 per cent

Pensions All respondents 2 per cent General Population 14 per cent

Animal welare All respondents 1 per cent General Population 6 per cent

Other All respondents 0 per cent General Population 1 per cent

DK All respondents 2 per cent General Population 1 per cent

None All respondents 11 per cent General Population 4 per cent

= Signicant at 95%


Base: All respondents (1124)/All adults via Omnibus (2150)

As or British Muslims, crime and drugs were the main

concerns acing the general population.

British Muslims were more concerned than the

general population about relatively ew issues

only discrimination (selected by 13% o this group

compared to only 5% o the general population) and

to a lesser extent, house prices (mentioned by 20% o

British Muslims and 17% o the population as a whole).

There were ar more issues where British Muslims

expressed lower levels o concern compared to the

general population and or some o these issues,

the gap between the views o the two groups was

greater. Only eight per cent o British Muslims were

concerned about immigration, compared to 20 per

cent o the general population; hardly any British

Muslims mentioned pensions (2%, versus 14% o

the population as a whole) and only seven per cent

mentioned the provision o health services/the

NHS as a concern (compared to 18% o the general

population).

Other concerns that were mentioned by ewer

British Muslims compared to the general population

were the economy; pollution/environmental issues;

household nances; crime and anti-social behaviour;

educational standards; and trac congestion.

Looking specically at the issues o terrorism and

national security, these were mentioned as concerns

by very similar numbers o British Muslims compared

to the general population. Slightly more British

Muslims mentioned each one, but the diference

between the two samples was not signicant in either

case.

Figure 8 summarises the diferences in concerns that

emerged by ethnic group.

All respondents General Population

%

35

25

17

18

5

13

13

9

14

16

10Healthy eating

The economy

Standards in education

Traffic congestion

Feeling safe in the UK\national security

Employment

Discrimination

Terrorism

House prices

Drugs

Crime levels\anti-social behaviour

None

DK

Other

Animal welfare

Pensions

Pollution\environmentalissues (including global warming)

Local community issues

International issues

Provision of healthservices\NHS

Immigration

Household finances

%

31

26

20

20

13

13

10

11

10

9

9

14

20

18

4

7

13

6

14

1

1

4

9

8

7

7

7

6

1

2

2

11


29/64

21


In act, there was relatively little signicant variation

by ethnicity and no pattern o particular ethnic groups

sharing areas o concern or being generally more or

less concerned about these issues.

Compared to other ethnic groups, Pakistanis were

more likely to express a concern about drugs (36%)

and more Bangladeshis were concerned about

standards in education (16%).

Iraqis were more likely than other groups to mention

concern over immigration (20%).

Looking at those groups who expressed less concern

about some issues, Somalis/Other East Aricans were

less likely to mention crime levels (17%); house prices

(4%) and trac congestion (5%). Those o Turkish/

Kurdish ethnic origin were less likely to have a concern

about discrimination (4%). The views o North Aricans

and the Other Muslim grouping were broadly in line

with that o British Muslims as a whole.

Figure 8: Major concerns by ethnic group

Pakistanis

Higher on:

Drugs (36%)

Somali/Other East

Africans

Lower on:

Crime levels (17%)

House prices (4%)

Traic congestion (5%)

Bangladeshis

Higher on:Standards in education

(16%)

Iraqis

Higher on:Immigration

(20%)

North Africans

Little difference

versus total

Turkish/Kurdish

Lower on:

Discrimination (4%)

Other Muslims

Little difference

versus total


Base: All respondents (1124)/All adults via Omnibus (2150)


30/64

22

British Muslim Media Consumption Report June 2008

22

5. General interests

Early on in the interview respondents were askedwhich o a number o topics they were interested in

(using a prompted list). Later on, they were then asked

to state their level o interest in a number o key topics

using a our-point scale.

General Interests

Figure 9 shows the responses to the early question

about respondents general interests, where a list o

possible topics was shown and they selected those

they were interested in.

The issue selected most requently by British

Muslims as o interest was their religion and culture,

mentioned by 58 per cent. This was particularly thecase or those aged 35 to 54 (66%). However, ar ewer

o those who spoke only English expressed an interest

in this topic (33%).

World news and current afairs and also sport were

next, each mentioned by two-ths o this group

(39% in each case). Just slightly ewer mentioned

each o music (36%) and entertainment (35%). Some

predictable subgroup diferences emerged, with

ar more males interested in sport (61%) and theyoungest age group particularly mentioning music

(1624 58%).

Figure 9: Respondents general interests

Your religion and culture 58 per cent Higher: 35-54s (66%) Lower: Speak English only (33%)

World News/Current afairs 39 per cent Higher: 35-54s (48%), Degree+

Sport 39 per cent Higher: Males (61%), GCSE+ Degree- (52%) Lower: Females (15%) Over 55s, (19%)Music 36 per cent Higher: 16-24s (58%), Not interested in religion & culture (61%) Lower: Over 45s (17%)

Entertainment 35 per cent Higher: Females (39%), 16-24s (52%), Educated (41%), 2nd Gen (46%) Lower: Over 45s

(15%), non-educated (24%)

British News/Current afairs 30 per cent Higher: Males (35%), 45-54s (43%), degree+ (41%), English + Other

language (36%)

Liestyle (e.g. parenting) 20 per cent Higher: Females (25%), 25-34s (31%), Lower: Non-educated (10%)

Environmental issues 15 per cent Higher: Degree+ (25%) Lower: 16-24s (6%)

None o these 3 per cent

Source: Q14 Now we would like to know about some o your general interests. Which o the ollowing topics are youinterested in?


%

58

39

39

36

35

30

15

20

3None of these

Environmentalissues

Lifestyle(e.g. parenting)

British News/Current affairs

Entertainment

Music

Sport

World News/Current affairs

Your religionand culture

Higher: 35-54s (66%)Lower: Speak English only (33%)

Higher: 35-54s (48%), Degree+

Higher: Males (61%), GCSE+ Degree- (52%)Lower: Females (15%) Over 55s, (19%)

Higher: 16-24s (58%), Not interestedin religion & culture (61%)Lower: Over 45s (17%)

Higher: Females (39%), 16-24s (52%),Educated (41%), 2nd Gen (46%)Lower: Over 45s (15%), non-educated (24%)

Higher: Degree+ (25%)Lower: 16-24s (6%)

Higher: Females (25%), 25-34s (31%)Lower: Non-educated (10%)

Higher: Males (35%), 45-54s (43%), degree+(41%), English + Other language (36%)


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Somewhat ewer British Muslims were interested in

British news compared to world news only 30 per

cent mentioned domestic current afairs, compared

to 39 per cent who had selected world news as o

interest.

Other topics were o interest to rather ewer British

Muslims. One in ve (20%) mentioned liestyle

issues such as parenting and only 15 per cent chose

environmental issues.

Examining the responses o the various ethnic groups,

those o Turkish/Kurdish origin were less likely than

most other groups to express an interest in their

religion and culture (40%) but the group most likely to

be interested in music (46%).

Those in the Other Muslim grouping were more

interested than almost every other group in world

news (49%) and also more interested than most in

entertainment (41%).

Environmental issues were o more interest to North

Aricans (20%) and those in the Other Muslim group

(23%) compared to Pakistanis, Iraqis and Turkish/

Kurdish respondents.

Interest in key types of information

A our-point scale was used to assess respondents

interest in the topics o religion and culture; domestic

news; world news and entertainment. Figure 10summarises the responses to this measure.

Figure 10: Interest in key types of information

Your religion and culture Mean 3.5 Very interested (4) 55 per cent Fairly interested (3) 37 per centNot very interested (2) 7 per cent Not at all interested (1) 1 per cent DK 1 per centHigher among: Females (94%) 2nd Gen (96%) Lower among: Spk English only (80%), Not interested in news(81%)Domestic news Mean 3.1 Very interested (4) 27 per cent Fairly interested (3) 55 per centNot very interested (2) 13 per cent Not at all interested (1) 3 per cent DK 1 per centHigher among: 25-44s (87%) Degree + (89%) Interested in int-news (91%) Lower among: Non-educated (78%)International news Mean 3.1 Very interested (4) 35 percent Fairly interested (3) 47 per centNot very interested (2) 13 per cent Not at all interested (1) 5 per cent DK 1 per centHigher among: Males (86%), Degree + (90%) Lower among: Speak English only (61%)Entertainment Mean 3.0 Very interested (4) 28 per cent Fairly interested (3) 48 per centNot very interested (2) 15 per cent Not at all interested (1) 8 per cent DK 1 per centHigher among: 16-34s (85%), GCSE+ Degree- (86%) , 2nd Gen (82%), Interested in news (81%) Lower among:Over 45s (53%), Non Educated (70%)

Source: Q57 How interested i at all would you say you are in each o these diferent areas?Base: All respondents (1124)

Very

interested (4)

Fairlyinterested (3)

Not veryinterested (2)

Not at allinterested (1)

DK

Mean

Your religionand culture

Domesticnews

Internationalnews

Entertainment

55

37

27

55

35

4748

28

713

15

133 85

3.5 3.1 3.03.1

%

Higher among:

Females (94%)

2nd Gen (96%)

Lower among:

Spk English only

(80%), Not

interested in

news (81%)

Interested

(Very interested/

fairly interested)

Higher among:

16-34s (85%),

GCSE+ Degree-

(86%) , 2nd Gen

(82%), Interested

in news (81%)

Lower among:

Over 45s (53%),

Non-educated (70%)

Higher among:

Males (86%),

Degree + (90%)

Lower among:

Speak English

only (61%)

Higher among:

25-44s (87%)

Degree + (89%)

Interested in

int-news (91%)

Lower among:

Non-educated

(78%)

92%82% 82%

76%


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Claimed interest in all our topics was high, but the

highest level o interest was in religion and culture,

with more than nine out o ten (92%) British Muslims

interested in this topic and over hal (55%) very

interested in it. This is in contrast to all o the othertopics, where only between a quarter and a third

claimed to be very interested.

Around our out o ve were interested in each o

domestic and international news (82% in each case),

although somewhat more were very interested in

world news (35%) compared to domestic issues (27%).

Slightly ewer but still three-quarters o the sample

(76%) were interested in entertainment.

Looking at the key subgroups, those with a higher

level o education, or example a degree, were

more likely to be interested in both domestic and

world news (89% and 90% respectively) though

entertainment was also o interest to this group (86%).

Across the age groups, entertainment was o interest

to younger respondents (1634 85%) and domestic

news to those aged 2544 (87%).

Examining the ethnic groups, all other ethnic groups

were more likely to be interested in their religion and

culture compared to the Turkish/Kurdish group and

most were more interested in this topic compared to

the Iraqis.


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6. General media consumption

Respondents were asked a series o questions relatingto their media consumption.

Media reach summary

Figure 11 gives an overview o media reach among

British Muslims. The subsequent sections o this

report then examine usage o each medium in greater

detail.

As would be expected, almost all British Muslims

(93%) watched some orm o TV. Just under hal (46%)

listened to the radio.

Looking at written media, two-thirds (67%) read any

newspapers nowadays, with considerably ewer (27%)

reading magazines.

Just over hal o those interviewed (55%) accessed

the Internet at least monthly, with just under hal o

this group (48%) visiting any o a prompted list o

types o websites (e.g. auction, business, news, sports,

womens interests, etc.).

Types of television receivedFigure 12 shows which types o television were

received by the household.

Just over our out o ve households/respondents

received any orm o multi-channel TV (83%), with

Sky satellite TV the most common type, received by

just over hal (53%). Multi-channel TV was thereore

slightly over-represented among British Muslims

compared to the general population, 76 per cent o

whom access it (NRS, January to December 2007).

Thus, 17 per cent o British Muslims received only the

ve main channels broadly in line with the general

population (19% BARB data).

Three-quarters (74%) received any satellite or cable

service.

Aside rom Sky satellite TV, there was a airly even

spread across the sample o receiving other types o

television. Some 14 per cent had Freeview; 13 per cent

received some other orm o satellite TV and 12 per

Figure 11: Overview of media reach among British Muslims

46% listen to any radio

stations at all nowadays

93% watch any TV channels

at all nowadays

67% read any newspapers

at all nowadays

27% read any magazines at

all nowadays

55% access the internet at

least monthly

48% visit any o the types

o websites covered

Source: Q25/Q28/Q30/Q32/Q15/Q17Base: All respondents (1124)


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Figure 12: Types of television received

Satellite TV (Sky) 53 per centThe ve main channels ONLY (BBC1, BBC2, ITV1, C4, FIVE) 17 per cent General population (re: BARB) = 19 percentFreeview (through a set-top box or digital television set) 14 per cent

Satellite TV (Other) 13 per centCable TV (through Virgin Media) 12 per centPC or laptop - via the Internet 4 per cent

Net: Any multi-channel 83 per cent General population (NRS Jan-Dec 07) = 76 per centNet: Any satellite/cable 74 per cent

* BARB, **NRS Jan-Dec 07

Source: Q20 Which o these types o television does your household receive at the moment?


cent received cable TV (via Virgin Media). Only around

one in 20 (4%) watched TV via the Internet.

There was some signicant variation by ethnic group,

with Pakistanis and Bangladeshis more likely to

receive Sky (64% and 71% respectively). Those in the

Turkish/Kurdish (45%), North Arican (33%) and Iraqi

(30%) groups were more likely to have other types

o satellite TV. North Aricans and those in the Other

Muslim grouping were more likely to use Freeview

(21% and 20% respectively).

Types of TV programmes usuallywatched

Respondents were asked which types o TV

programmes they usually watched, using a prompt

list. Figure 13 shows all types mentioned by ve per

cent or more o the sample.

Films were most popular, watched by hal o those

interviewed (50%), ollowed by news and weather

(38%) and sport/ootball (also 38%).

Three out o ten (29%) watched programmes on

religion. A similar proportion watched soaps (27%);

programmes about music (26%), or documentaries

(25%). A smaller proportion usually watched drama

series or serials (18%) or comedies (17%), ollowed by

current afairs (13%), childrens programmes (13%),

wildlie programmes (12%) or history (12%). All other

programme types were mentioned by e

ricu - british muslim media consumption report

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