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Inside the world of Impressionism The Montreal Museum of Fine Arts

From Monet to Boldini, all the way to Renoir.

Romanticism “Feeling is all!”

Realism The art of depiction of daily life

DOUBLE-SPECIAL SPREAD

2 lorem ipsum :: [Date]

Table of Contents Taken inside the Montreal Museum of Fine Arts.

Volume 6 Number 3

Cover: Sketch of a ballerina by Edgar Degas

Romanticism: itʼs about rawness and emotions……………………………………. p.3 Living in the 18th Century Romanticism in literature. (& Add painting chacterics) Artist Profile: Francisco de Goya The Third of May Realism: Painting the truth, painting the reality as it is……………………………p.10 The fight against Romanticism Realism in art Artist Profile: Gustave Courbet Portrait of Jo, the Beautiful Irish Girl.


Taken inside the Montreal Museum of Fine Arts.

The Montreal Museum of Fine Arts - Once upon a time… Impressionism……..p.16

Rich Bum Magazineʼs favorite two:

Degasʼ The Dancing Class

Fantin-Latourʼs Roses in a Bowl

The impressionism movement………………………………………………………….p.20

Luncheon of the Boating Part 1 by Renoir


Romanticism

Liberty Leading the People (1830), Eugene Delacroix

Ask anyone on the street: "what is

Romanticism?" and you will certainly

receive some kind of reply.

Everyone claims to know the

meaning of the word romantic. The

word conveys notions of sentiment

and sentimentality, a visionary or

idealistic lack of reality. It connotes

fantasy and fiction

Historical Context

Romanticism appeared in conflict

with the Lumieres (Enlightenment).

Some could go as far as to say that

Romanticism reflected a crisis in

Enlightenment. In fact, Romanticism

is rejecting the Neo-Classic

movement considered too severe

and strong.

Romanticism was the new thought,

the critical idea and the creative

effort necessary to cope with the old

ways of confronting experience. The

Romantic era can be considered as

indicative of an age of crisis. Even

before the French Revolution of

1789, it was believed that the ancien

regime seemed ready to collapse.

Once the French Revolution entered

its radical phase in August 1792 the

fear of political disaster also spread.

King killing, Robespierre, the Reign

of Terror, and the Napoleonic

armies all signaled chaos -- a chaos

which would dominate European

political and cultural life for the next

quarter of a century.

Romantic themes

Literature was the first branch of art

to be influenced by the movement

that is Romanticism, although the

concepts remain the same in all the

art forms.


The Romantics emphasized the

importance of nature and the primal

feelings of awe, apprehension and

horror felt by man on approaching

the sublimeness of it.

Unlike the age of Enlightenment,

which focused on rationality and

intellect, Romanticism placed

human emotions, feelings, instinct

and intuition. The Romantic writers

trusted their emotions and feelings

to create poetry.

Romantics also developed the love

for the exotic. Hence, far off and

mysterious locations were depicted

in many of the artistic works from

that period. Exoticism is also one of

the most prominent characteristics

in art, along with sentimentality and

spirituality.


Artist Profile: Francisco de Goya Born in 1828 in Fuendetos, Spain, Goya was a consummately artist

whose multifarious paintings, drawings, and engravings reflected

contemporary historical

upheavals and influenced

important 19th- and 20th-

century painters. Like

Velazquez, Goya was a

Spanish court painter whose

best work was done apart

from his official duties. He is

known for his scenes of

violence, especially those

prompted by the French

invasion of Spain. The

series of etchings Los

desastres de la guerra ("The

Disasters of War", 1810-14) records the horrors of the Napoleonic

invasion. His masterpieces in painting include The Naked Maja and

The Clothed Maja (c. 1800-05). He also painted charming portraits

such as Senora Sabasa Garcia.


Saturn Devouring His Son (1819 – 1823).

The Bewitched Man (1797 – 1798)


Title: Tres de Mayo

Artist: Francisco de

Goya (DOB: 30

March 1746 in

Fuendetodos,

Aragon, Spain. DOD:

16 April 1828 in Bordeaux, France)

Year: 1814.

Material: Canvas

Size: 266 x 345 cm

(104.5 x 135.7 inches).

Location: Prado Museum Madrid, Spain.

Technique: Oil.

This painting shows the random executions of Spanish citizen as a result from the fighting in the

Puerto del Sol area of Madrid. A national uprising in Spain followed, and scenes such as Goyaʼs

Tres de Mayo (Third of May) were repeated throughout the Spanish countryside, as the French commanders failed to quell the national mood, and instead made it more furious.

Goya panted a very tragic and dark scene. There are a lot of characters in the painting however,

they are all at the same spot. There is scene is both still and dynamic. In fact, the soldiers seem

to be immobile whereas the Spanish citizens are panicking. If this were to be a movie, only the

citizens that havenʼt been shot yet would be moving. The point of focus is the man in the white

shirt with fear written all over his face. The light is also straight on him. Shades of yellows,

beiges and dark brown constitute the majority of the color composition of the painting. The only

vibrant colors are the yellow and white of the manʼs outfit and the blood on the ground. These

three (3) colors are also the colors found on the Spanish flag. This painting would be an allegory to

what is happening to the country back then.


Realism

The Song of the Lark (1884), Jules Breton.


The words realism, realistic and reality are in commonly used in todayʼs vocabulary, but very delicate; they can indeed define several degrees of reference to reality. They often simply imply the scrupulous observations made by the artist. The term “realism” is more readily used when the artist stays faithful to what he sees.

Historical Context

The historical movement of realism covers everything from 1820 and reacts to Neo-classicism and Romanticism by a return to the study of nature and everyday topics. In a broad sense, it could include nature studies, landscapes painting, outdoor scenery.

Realism emerged in France in the wake of the 1848 Revolution and lasted until 1880. Although several attempts at infusing realism into art had been made throughout art history, the actual wave of realism art swept the art world after Gustave Courbet's independent exhibition in 1855 of his shockingly truthful realism paintings to a scandalized

public who, until then, had only been exposed to original art steeped in the sublime aesthetics of Romanticism or the classical ideal of the Old Masters.

Gustave Courbet; canon of the Realist movement

This movement founds the raison d'etre in what Gustave Courbet himself called the representation of real and existing things. In realism paintings, ordinary, familiar and unadorned figures and objects become worthy subjects. Often implying a moral or social message, realism paintings present a straightforward depiction of the grim lives of the common folk. But not all realism paintings are intentionally imbued with social consciousness or political subversion; there are also realist paintings that capture every day scenes of contemporary life that the audience may find sweetly sentimental or innocuously spontaneous.


Artist Profile: Gustave Courbet

Born in 1819 in France,

Courbet went against

mid-nineteenth century

Romanticism and led the

Realism movement

towards the beauty of

everyday life. Courbet

had significant support

from his father to become a painter, inspiring him to lead a new

movement of painting focusing on rural activities, as seen in The

Stone-Breakers and Burial at Ornan.

Saturn Devouring His Son (1819 – 1823).


Les Demoiselles des bords de la Seine (1856)

The Cliffs at Etretat (1869)


Title: Portrait of Jo, the Beautiful Irish Girl.

Artist: Jean Desire Gustave Courbet (DOB: 10 June 1819 in Ornans, Doubs, France. DOD: 31 December 1877 in La Tour-de-Peilz, Switzerland)

Year: 1865

Material: Canvas

Size: 54 x 65 cm (21.3 x 25.6 inches).

Location: Nationalmuseum, Stockholm, Sweden.

Technique: Oil.

During his three-month stay in Trouville in 1865, Courbet attracted a following as a portraitist

among the society women at this fashionable resort on the Normandy coast. He possibly

encountered Joanna Hiffernan (born 1842/43), a "beautiful Irishwoman," through his

acquaintance with fellow artist James McNeill Whistler, who was also working in Trouville in

1865. This image of Jo, Whistler's mistress and model, although dated 1866, was likely painted

in 1865, when Courbet wrote of "the beauty of a superb redhead whose portrait I have begun." He would paint three repetitions with minor variations.

The painting is quite simple. It is a portrait therefore the main focus of the work is the Irish girl.

The background is farely dark creating a contrast with the ladyʼs orange hair and light

complexion. Her movements seem as if sheʼs taking her time. Sheʼs playing with her hair while

looking at herself in the mirror. This is a grooming scene rather calm and serene. Her

movements are very gracious. The light is very natural and the shapes are very organic as well (curls in her hair). Courbet depicted the graciousness of the Irish girl.


The Montreal Museum of Fine Arts Once Upon a Time… Impressionism

Nathalie Bondil, Director and

Chief Curator of the MMFA and

curator of this exhibition in

Montreal, is delighted that “For

the first and only time, one of

the finest collections of

Impressionist works in North

America will be displayed in a

Canadian exclusive at the

Museum. Montreal will be the sole Canadian venue for this historic tour, which will travel from Europe

to Asia during expansion work at the prestigious Sterling and Francine Clark Art Institute in

Williamstown, Massachusetts. Chosen for their exceptional quality, seventy-four paintings by

Bonnard, Corot, Degas, Gauguin, Manet, Millet, Monet, Morisot, Pissarro, Sisley and Toulouse-

Lautrec, including a selection of twenty-one outstanding canvases by Renoir, and the Degas

sculpture Little Dancer Aged Fourteen (on view exclusively in Montreal) will be shown at the MMFA.

The inclusion of academic works by Bouguereau, Gérôme and Stevens, among others, will enable visitors to see how the new ʻmodernismʼ challenged official painting.”


Visitors will be able to admire

Monetʼs landscapes, from The

Cliffs at Étretat to the Dutch tulip

fields and Spring in Giverny, the

pastoral banks of the Seine

painted by Caillebotte and Sisley

and the cityscapes of Pissarro,

such as The Louvre from the

Pont Neuf. Works by Degas

include the famous Before the

Race with the horses and the

jockeys in their brightly coloured silks. The exotic settings of Gérôme contrast with the elegant subjects

of Stevens and Boldini. Twenty-one Renoirs selected from the thirty-two Renoirs currently in the Clark

collection vividly illustrate the blazing talent of the master of Impressionism: his celebration of female

beauty (Girl with a Fan, A Box at the Theater, Blonde Bather, …), his landscapes (Sunset, Venice, the

Dogeʼs Palace, Bay of Naples, Evening), still lifes (Apples in a Dish, Peonies, …) , and portraits (Self-

portrait, Marie-Thérèse Durand-Ruel Sewing, …).


Rich Bum Magazineʼs favorite two paintings

Title: La classe de dance (The Dance Class)

Artist: Hilaire-Germain-Edgar De Gas, better

known as Edgar Degas (DOB: 19 July 1834

in Paris, France DOD: 27 September 1917 in Paris, France)

Year: 1873-75.

Material: Canvas

Size: 85 x 75 cm (31.5 x 29.5 inches).

Location: Montreal Museum of Fine Arts, Quebec, Canada.

Technique: Oil.

Edgar Degas depicts in this painting a dance class. There is a old man placed around several young

girls dressed in their white ballerina outfits. They all have a different color bows like they have different

poses. Their body screams exhaustion and boredom. The painting is very humorous as the teacher is

trying to teach them ballet; they dance that require ultimate gracefulness, yet they all have a sassy

attitude, which is a form of disrespect. It is a very playful scene regardless. There seem to be big

windows behind the teacher as the room is very bright. Degas closely observed the most spontaneous,

natural, ordinary gestures, the pauses when concentration is relaxed and the body slumps after the

exhausting effort of practicing and the implacable rigor of the class. The slightly raised viewpoint looking

diagonally across the studio accentuates the vanishing perspective of floorboards.


Title: Roses in a Bowl

Artist: Henri Fantin-Latour

(DOB: 14 January 1836 in

Grenoble, Isere, France

DOD: 25 August 1904 in

Bure, Orne, Lower Normandy, France)

Year: 1883.

Material: Canvas

Size: 30 x 41.7 cm (11.8 x 16.4 inches).


Technique: Oil.

The title is very self-explanatory of the painting. Fantin-Latour painted a bouquet of roses in a bowl.

The composition of the artwork is fairly simple: the background is simple and then at the foreground

there are faded flowers. They seem as if they have been there for a while as their colors are quite

dull-looking. This work of art is a still life and is there no form of movement. The mood is calm and

serene; the roses are dying slowly yet they still look elegant. Being an impressionist, Fantin-Latour

uses thin brush strokes which is very noticeable if the viewer looks at the way he painted the petals,

he made them look full but damaged by time. The imperfections of the roses make them look genuine. The shapes are very organic and makes the painting even more natural.


Impressionism

The impressionist style of painting is

characterized chiefly by

concentration on the general

impression produced by a scene or

object and the use of unmixed

primary colors and small strokes to

simulate actual reflected light.

Impressionism, French

Impressionnisme, a major

movement, first in painting and later

in music, that developed chiefly in

France during the late 19th and

early 20th centuries. Impressionist

painting comprises the work

produced between about 1867 and

1886 by a group of artists who

shared a set of related approaches

and techniques.


Title: Luncheon of the Boating

Party (Le dejeuner des canotiers).

Artist: Pierre-Auguste Renoir

(DOB: 25 February 1841,

Limoges, Haute-Vienne, France.

DOD: 3 December 1919 in

Cagnes-sur-Mer, Provence-Alpes-Cote dʼAzur, France)

Year: 1880-81.

Material: Canvas

Size: 129.9 x 172.7 cm (51 x 68 inches).


Technique: Oil.

The painting depicts a group of Renoir's friends relaxing on a balcony at the Maison Fournaise along

the Seine river in Chatou, France. The painter and art patron, Gustave Caillebotte, is seated in the

lower right. Renoir's future wife, Aline Charigot, is in the foreground playing with a small dog. On the

table is fruit and wine.

The painting is very busy and dynamic. The charcters are interacting with eachother, drinking,

laughing. In terms of balance, Renoir is extremely clever and succeeds in balancing two figures on the

left with twelve on the right. By tilting the floorboards, the artist allows characters in the upper-right

background to be easily visible and this adds to the feeling of intimacy and informality. The colors

adopted by Renoir are very rich and he contrasts the deep blue and green with vivid red and greens.

Brimming with color this painting reflects both the time period and Impressionist style. The artists

combination of thickly applied brushstrokes and more delicate ones adds to the composition, and specks of red and white make the painting easy on the eye.

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