rich 2007 highlights
DESCRIPTION
RICH 2007 highlights. Antonis Papanestis RAL. Study of a Silica Aerogel for a Cherenkov Radiator. Ichiro Adachi KEK representing for the Belle Aerogel RICH R&D group 2007 October 15-20 RICH2007, Trieste, Italy. Silica Aerogel Production. Production Method Sol-gel process - PowerPoint PPT PresentationTRANSCRIPT
RICH 2007 highlights
Antonis PapanestisRAL
Study of a Silica Aerogel for a Cherenkov Radiator
Ichiro Adachi
KEKrepresenting for the Belle Aerogel RICH R&D group
2007 October 15-20
RICH2007, Trieste, Italy
Silica Aerogel Production
• Production Method Sol-gel process
nSi(OR)4 + 4nH2O nSi(OH)4 + 4nH2O hydrolysisnSi(OH)4 (SiO2)n + 2nH2O condensation
Chemical treatment to make hydrophobic Supercritical drying
CO2 extraction method 31 degree Celsius and 7.5 MPa
• Optical Quality Transparency
T = T0*exp(-d/) where T is light intensity and d sample thickness Refractive index measured with Fraunhofer method These properties are strongly related to:
Chemical solvent Mixing ratio between them
3 dimensional network
History of Aerogel Production
20
50
tran
smis
sion
leng
th a
t 40
0nm
(m
m)
refractive index
1.010 1.040 1.070 1.100
1st generation:1970’s-1980’sTASSO/PETRA1.025 ~ 1.055
2nd generation:1992-2002Belle Aerogel counter/KEKB1.010 ~ 1.030new production methodhydrophobic
3rd generation:2002- A-RICH for Belle upgrade1.030 ~ 1.080new solventI
II
III
0
0.05
0.1
0.15
0.2
0.25
0.3
0.35
108 108.5 109 109.5 110 110.5 111 111.5
Angle
Inte
nsi
ty
Index Scan Study (1)
• Relative weight for each composition in an aerogel was examined with XRF (X-ray fluorescence) analysis
• X-ray tomography device was used to scan relative aerogel density difference
X-ray =0.156nm
beam spot < 1mm
element Si O C
weight(%) 43.4% 50.6% 6.0%
Si
Index Scan Study (2)
109mm
109mm
• density relative uniformity
Distance from edge(mm)
Den
sity
rat
io(%
)
edge
center
middle
(n-1)/(n-1) ~ +/-0.02
Index (Fraunhofer method at 405nm) = 1.0577 +/- 0.0006
10.7mmt
need further studies
preliminary value:
Block Size
• Large sample produced Can be used for real detector 150 x 150 mm2 cross section Thickness: 10 mm and 20 mm
0% 50% 100%
1.045
1.050
1.055
1.060
150x150x20
150x150x10
100x100x10
“crack-free” rate by visual scan
110x110x20mm3 150x150x20mm3
n =1.050
Machining Possibility
• Hydrophobic feature allows us to use “water-jet” cutter for machining
highly pressurized water injected via very small hole to a sample
hexagonal shape for two samples
110mm150mm
Multiple-Layer Sample
two-layer sample with 160x160x20 mm3 has been successfully producedone can use two aerogel layers as one unit
n = 1.045
n = 1.050
160mm
transmission length(400nm): 46mm
old new
stress inside a tile well controlled
Focusing Aerogel RICH Optimization
A.Yu.Barnyakov, M.Yu.Barnyakov, V.S.Bobrovnikov, A.R.Buzykaev, V.V.Gulevich, S.A.Kononov, E.A.Kravchenko, A.P.Onuchin
Budker Institute of Nuclear Physics, Novosibirsk, RussiaA.F.Danilyuk, V.L.Kirillov
Boreskov Institute of Catalysis, Novosibirsk, Russia
Presented by E.A.Kravchenko
Sodium fluoride radiatorSodium fluoride radiatorSuggested for RICH with a TEA/TMAE pad-photon detector byR. Arnold et al. [ NIM A273 (1988) 466 ]
• Good transparency in visible & near UV,• Almost no light scattering as compared with aerogel,• More firm and stable material, though toxic.
√2
NaF has the lowest refractive index among solids (except aerogel).
2n for λ >170 nm
Multilayer aerogelMultilayer aerogel
100x100x41 mm, Lsc = 45 mm at 400 nm
Xray measurement, density distributionXray measurement, density distribution
The increase in density at the internal borders is the result of the production procedure (diffusion).
Does it effect the performance?
Layer <n> n, (optimal)
n, (design)
h, mm
h, mm (design)
1 1.046 1.046 1.050 12.6 12.5
2 1.041 1.040 1.044 13.2 13.3
3 1.037 1.035 1.039 15.2 14.2
Monte Carlo simulation of longitudinal refractive index fluctuations
Monte Carlo simulation of longitudinal refractive index fluctuations
200 mm expansion gap
3 types of radiators 3layer as designed (ideal) Xray data avereged to 3 layers Xray data avereged to 14 layers
Simulation results, π/K separationSimulation results, π/K separation
Npe =14 σβ = 5∙10-4
‘optimal’ radiator → best resolution for 4 GeV/c pions ‘real’ experimental radiator → best resolution for 3.5 GeV/c kaons
π/K separation up to 8 GeV/c (>3σ)
Status of aerogel productionStatus of aerogel production ~2000 liters have been
produced for KEDR ASHIPH detector, n=1.05
14 blocks 20020050 mm have been produced for LHCb RICH, n=1.03
~200 blocks 11511525 mm have been produced for AMS RICH, n=1.05
n=1.13 aerogel for SND ASHIPH detector
n=1.008 aerogel for the DIRAC
3-4 layers focusing aerogel
High optical parameters (Lsc≥43mm at 400 nm)Precise dimensions (<0.2 mm)
KEKDTP
RICH2007 @Trieste Junji Haba, KEK
Status and perspectives of
solid state photon detectors for single photon detection Pixelated Photon Detector (PPD)
Junji Haba, KEK
RICH2007 @Trieste Junji Haba, KEK
顕微鏡写真
受光面に関して、 3mm と 1mmとはほぼ同じに見えている
H- 1mm H- 3mm
3. TestInstallation of 4 MPPC in frontOf the MAGIC cameraTrigger by air shower C-lightComparison of signal in neighborPmt cells (9 cm**2)With 4 g-apd pixels (0.36 cm**2)Readout by 2 Ghz F-ADC
E. Lorentz @PD07For MAGIC collaboration
RICH2007 @Trieste Junji Haba, KEK
Future improvements expected
Larger PDE Wider Area Lower Noise Less crosstalk Wider dynamic range (and really cheaper price)
RICH2007 @Trieste Junji Haba, KEK
Larger PDE
Higher fill factor is a key MRS(Metal Resitive Semiconductor)
APD (CPTA) Backside illumination &Drift (MPI)
RICH2007 @Trieste Junji Haba, KEK
Wider area devices
1.3mm to 3 mm device test in progress at several places. Higher noise though, as
expected. Light collection. Drift type device
(MPI)
H.G. Moser @PD7
S. Korpar@this WS
RICH2007 @Trieste Junji Haba, KEK
Less noise
Thinner epi layer (compromise long sensitivity though)
Less defects. Epi quality or gettering technology.
RICH2007 @Trieste Junji Haba, KEK
Less crosstalks
Separation trenches can help to reduce crosstalk rate.There may be a side effect.
Yamamoto@PD07
C. Piemonte@FNAL seminar
Production and Tests of Hybrid Production and Tests of Hybrid Photon Detectors for the LHCb Photon Detectors for the LHCb RICH DetectorsRICH Detectors
Introduction Hybrid Photon Detectors Production Test results Conclusions
RICH 2007, Trieste, 17.10.2007RICH 2007, Trieste, 17.10.2007
Stephan Eisenhardt, University of EdinburghStephan Eisenhardt, University of EdinburghOn behalf of the LHCb experimentOn behalf of the LHCb experiment
RICH2RICH1
LHCb
HPD
RICH 2007, Trieste, 17.10.2007 Stephan Eisenhardt 26
PDTF – TestsPDTF – Tests Comprehensive test of every function and parameter of the HPD:
Readout ChipConnectionsCommunicationsDAC linearityReadout modesDead ChannelsNoisy ChannelsPixel maskingThresholdNoise
PhotocathodeDark CountResponse to lightQuantum Efficiency
HPD BodyDimensionsQuartz windowPin Grid ArraySensor position
Electron Optics /Tube VolumeImagingDemagnificationHV StabilityField DistortionsIon Feed BackVacuum Quality
Silicon SensorIV CurveDepletionBump-BondingEfficiency (Backpulse)
RICH 2007, Trieste, 17.10.2007 Stephan Eisenhardt 27
Testing Programme – SummaryTesting Programme – Summary
result:pass: 547 ~98%fail: 12 ~ 2%
RICH 2007, Trieste, 17.10.2007 Stephan Eisenhardt 28
Quantum Efficiency – DEP DataQuantum Efficiency – DEP Data Excellent sensitivity:
– increase due to process tuning at DEP
– single most helpful improvement to RICH performance
– <QE @ 270nm> = 30.8%
>> typical QE = 23.3%
<QE> @ 270 nm (per batch)
19
21
23
25
27
29
31
33
35
37
0 2 4 6 8 10 12 14 16 18 20 22 24batch no.
aver
age
QE
[%
] .
<QE> per batch
running <QE> (batch 0-25)
more tuning improvements:– fill of sensitivity dip between UV and
visible
– reduction of red sensitivity @ 800nm• anti-correlated to blue sensitivity• cause of thermal e--emission (dark count)
QE
[%
]
Wavelength [nm]
RMS ofbatch spread
<QE> per delivery batch
QE
[%
]
Batch number
<QE> (DEP Data): across delivery batches
RICH 2007, Trieste, 17.10.2007 Stephan Eisenhardt 29
QE – LHCb VerificationQE – LHCb Verification PDTF measurement:
– 7 wavelengths, 10nm bandpass filter
– error: 2%
– 76 HPD measured
PDTF QE measurements typically
matches DEP values within 3%
QE PDTF vs DEP
-0.050
0.000
0.050
0.100
0.150
0.200
0.250
0.300
0.350
0.400
0.000 0.050 0.100 0.150 0.200 0.250 0.300 0.350 0.400
DEP QE, hq (no units)
PD
TF Q
E, h q
(no u
nits
)
.
270
340
400
440
520
640
800
y=x
PDTF measurements confirm
shape of spectra & absolute values full trust in DEP measurements
Quantum Efficiency - typical HPD sample
0.00
0.05
0.10
0.15
0.20
0.25
0.30
0.35
0.40
0 100 200 300 400 500 600 700 800 900 1000
Wavelength / nm
QE
, hq , (n
o u
nits
)
.
H648005: DEP
H648005: PDTF
H612011: DEP
H612011: PDTF
H650003: DEP
H650003: PDTF
H545002: DEP
H545002: PDTF
4 tests across QE range
Q
E
wavelength [nm]
all tests: PDTF vs. DEP
Q
E –
PD
TF
QE – DEP
Commissioning of the LHCb RICH Detector
C. D’Ambrosio(CERN, Geneva, Switzerland)
on behalf of the LHCb – RICH CollaborationOutline
LHCb and its RICHes
What is Commissioning and Commissioning Strategy
RICH Commissioning, a (hi)Story
First Results
Conclusions and Outlook
•Regular Meetings (everyday coffees and weekly phone-conferences)
•Hard and soft interlocks enabled from the beginning
•Monitoring systems
•Vessel, HPD boxes, electronics and electrics temperature, pressure and humidity sensors
•Voltages and currents
•Distributed and smart alerts, alarms, feedbacks and reactions
•No development at the pit (at least we tried as much as we could…)
(see Mario)
Safety (…and more)
…or the so called “one click startup”… (well, two clicks at the moment!)
RICH Starting ProcedureRICH2 ECS panel
DCS
DAQ (L0 & L1)
HPD boxconditions
RICH2 Overview
High Voltage was ramped very slowly and with the full system on, in order to monitor in real time the HPDs behaviour.
FIAT LUX (first photons detected)
A red light emitting monomode fibre injects a controlled quantity of photons in the vesselNumber of photoelectrons
Excellent!
This is the distribution of the total number of phel per event (~2.4 Millions active channels).
Social programme
Ratio social activities/talks ~ about right (50:50)