RhythmRhythm

Meter—regular rhythmic Meter—regular rhythmic patternpattern

Scansion—identification of the Scansion—identification of the meter of the poemmeter of the poem

FootFoot

•Rhythmic unit within a lineRhythmic unit within a line

– Iamb: Iamb: ˘ ¯ ˘ ¯ unstressed, stressedunstressed, stressed

Example:Example:

Fort BendFort Bend

allureallure

agreeagree

Scan this line to identify the Scan this line to identify the stressed (emphasized) and stressed (emphasized) and unstressed (not emphasized) unstressed (not emphasized) beatsbeats

• Shall I compare thee to a summer’s Shall I compare thee to a summer’s day?day?

How many iambs are in this line?How many iambs are in this line?

– Trochee:Trochee: ¯̄ ˘̆ stressed, unstressedstressed, unstressed– Example: Houston, London, hip hopExample: Houston, London, hip hop

– Anapest:Anapest: ˘ ˘ ¯ ˘ ˘ ¯ unstressed, unstressed, unstressed, unstressed, stressedstressed

– Example: Baton RougeExample: Baton Rouge

– Dactyl: Dactyl: ¯ ˘ ˘ ¯ ˘ ˘ stressed, unstressed, unstressed stressed, unstressed, unstressed– Example: Sugar Land, GalvestonExample: Sugar Land, Galveston

– Pyrrhus:Pyrrhus: ˘ ˘˘ ˘ unstressed, unstressedunstressed, unstressed– I went I went to theto the store. store.

– Spondee:Spondee: ¯ ¯ ¯ ¯ stressed, stressedstressed, stressed– TAKS TestTAKS Test

Number of FeetNumber of Feet

• OneOne monometermonometer

• TwoTwo dimeterdimeter

• ThreeThree trimetertrimeter

• FourFour tetrametertetrameter

• FiveFive pentameterpentameter

• SixSix hexameterhexameter

• SevenSeven heptameterheptameter

Scan the following lines of Scan the following lines of poetry:poetry:

I never thought that I should seeI never thought that I should see

Something so lovely as a tree.Something so lovely as a tree.

What kind of feet make up this poem?What kind of feet make up this poem?

How many feet are there in each line?How many feet are there in each line?

RhymeRhyme

• Repetition of accented vowel sounds, Repetition of accented vowel sounds, and all sounds following them, in and all sounds following them, in words that are close together in a words that are close together in a poempoem– End rhyme—occurs at the ends of linesEnd rhyme—occurs at the ends of lines, ,

as inas inThere was an old woman who lived in a There was an old woman who lived in a shoeshoe

She had so many children she didn’t know what to She had so many children she didn’t know what to dodo

– Internal rhyme—occurs in the middle of Internal rhyme—occurs in the middle of a linea line, as in, as in

MaryMary, , MaryMary, quite , quite contrarycontrary

– Near rhyme, or slant rhyme—final Near rhyme, or slant rhyme—final consonant sounds match, but not consonant sounds match, but not necessarily the preceding vowel, as innecessarily the preceding vowel, as in

grope/cupgrope/cup

drunkard/conquereddrunkard/conquered

SonnetSonnet

• 14 lines14 lines

• Iambic pentameter Iambic pentameter

• Follows a rhyme scheme Follows a rhyme scheme (usually (usually focused on focused on end rhymeend rhyme))

SonnetSonnet

• English/ShakespeareanEnglish/Shakespearean– Three quatrains Three quatrains

•abab cdcd efef abab cdcd efef

– Couplet Couplet •gggg

SonnetSonnet• Italian/PetrarchanItalian/Petrarchan

– OctaveOctave•Eight linesEight lines•abbaabbaabbaabba•Presents the story, raises a question, Presents the story, raises a question,

states a propositionstates a proposition•Volta (turn) between 8Volta (turn) between 8thth and 9 and 9thth lines lines

– SestetSestet•six linessix lines•cdecde cdecde oror cdcdcd cdcdcd oror cdedce cdedce•Abstract comment, applies the Abstract comment, applies the

proposition, solves the problemproposition, solves the problem

• Spenserain SonnetSpenserain Sonnet– Abab bcbc cdcd eeAbab bcbc cdcd ee