rheum dis in child 07

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    Sumadiono

    Department of Pediatric Fac. of Medicine Gadjah Mada University

     Yogyakarta

    RHEUMATIC

    DISEASES

    IN CHILDREN

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    RheumaticDiseases

    n !hi"dren

    # group of diseases in chi"dren

    Simi"ar manifestations

    #cute$chronic in%ammation 

    in the Muscu"oske"eta"& 'ascu"ar& Ski

    (he cause is unkno)n 

    (he precise diagnosis is di*cu"t

    Dianosis+ ,y the criteria

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     Treatment and Outcome

    Growth & Development

    Emotional and Social Efects

    !-DR/0 )ith RheumaticDisorders 

    DIFFERS from ADULT 

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    Juvenile

    Spondylo-

    arthropathies

    Juvenile

    RheumatoidArthritis

    CollagenVascular 

     

    !#SSF!#(10

    22 344 rheumatic disorders inchi"dren

     Three broad categories

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     5 R #+  P o l  y a r t i c 

    u l a r  J R A

     P a u c i a r t i c u l a r  J R A S  y s t e m i c  J R A

    !o""agen 'ascu"ar+ Sc"eroderma

    Dermato myositis S/

     6a)asaki Disease -enoch

    Schon"einPurpura  Rheumatic

    Fever

    JuvenileSpondylo-

    Arthropathies:

    Undifferentiated Psoriatic Arthritis Reactive Arthritis

    JuvenileAnkylosingSpondylitis Bechets’ B!

    !#SSF!#(10

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    Polyarticular

    JRA

    Pauciarticular

    JRA

    SclerodermaDermato

    myositis

    Systemic

    JRA

    SLE

      KawasakiDisease

    Henoch

    Schonlein

    Purpura

    Rheumatic

    Fever 

    UndifferentiatedBechets’

    Juvenile

     Ankylosing

    SpondylitisPsoriatic

     ArthritisIBD

    Reactive

     Arthritis

     

    CLASSIFICAI!"

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    5U'/0/ R-/UM#(1D#R(-R(S 

    (JR!

     JR is the most commonclass o" childhood rheumaticdisease

    Disorders group with#

    $hronic S%novitis

    E'tra articular mani"estation

    n ) *+ %ear

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     5R#+ 

    *,-+, $ases.*,,/,,,children

    0emale 1 male

    2ea3#0emale# *45 %6ale# 748 %

    Earl% onset# +month

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    imping Sti7ness of joints

    on )a"king Re"uctance to

    use a "im,   

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    12/50#R(-R(S+ 

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    #06Y1S0G+#06Y1S0G+ 

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    9epatosplenomegali

     0ever (intermitten!

     2ericarditis

     2leural efusion

     Spond%litis

     Er%tema palmaris

    S:STE6$ 6;0ESTTO;S

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     rheumatoidnodu"

     vascu"itis

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    @aborator%#@aborator%#

      nemia   @eucoc%tosis? neutrophil 11/

      Thromboc%te

      ESR   $R2

      ;

      R0   $5 & $A

      gG serum

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    Radiolog%Radiolog%

     /ar"y+ no a,norma"ity

     S)e""ing soft tissue

     22 joint space

     1steoporosis  0e) ,one formation

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    DG;OSS

     5R# is de8ned+  #rthritis in a chi"d 9$: 3; of age

     n one or more joint

     For si< )eeks or "onger

     1ther diagnostic possi,i"ity has

    ,een e

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    (hree su,types of 5R#+ 

    =5uveni"e diophatic #rthritis$5# :

     5R#>

    3. Pauciarticu"ar 5R# =: 1"igoarticu"ar 5#>

    ?. Po"yarticu"ar 5R#+

    Rh=@>+ chronic disease and Rh=A>+,etter

    B. Systemic 5R#

    /

    P#U!#R(!U#R$1G1#R(!U#R 5R#

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    P#U!#R(!U#R$1G1#R(!U#R 5R#

    Relative "reBuenc% # A,4AC

    E'traarticular "eature # >veitis#7C

    ;umber o" oint # ).F A 2ea3 onset age (%ear! # *45 %

    0emale.6ale ratio # A#*

    $ourse and prognosis# S%stemic disease absent 6aor cause o" morbidit% is

    uveitis 2rognosis e'cellent

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    2O@:RT$>@R JR2O@:RT$>@R JR

    Relative "reBuenc% # A,4

    AC

    ;umber o" oint # 1 C

    2ea3 onset age (%ear! # *45? 18

      0emale.6ale ratio # C#*

    $ourse and prognosis# 

    S%stemic disease generall%mild

    2ro nosis moderatel ood

    E'traarticular

    "eature#  @ow grade

    "ever >veitis# C Subcutaneus

    nodule

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    S:STE6$ JRS:STE6$ JR Relative "reBuenc% # *,

    ;umber o" oint # variable 2ea3 onset age # none 0emale.6ale ratio # *#*

    E'traarticular "eature "ever @%mphadenopath%?

    9epatomegal% Rash 2ericarditis  

    $ourse and prognosis#S%stemic & arthritis is chronic

    2rognosis is variable

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    S2O;D:@ORT9RO2T9ES  2revalence# *+/8.*,,?,,,

    -S(1RY+ */ 6ale more o"ten

    afected   7/ @ate onset age4ussuall%

    1 *, %ears 5/ 0amil%# similar

    disorder

    !0!# SG0S+

    */ cute iritis 7/ 'ial spineinvolvement

    5/ Sacroiliits A/ rthritis (large oint o"

    lower limb!

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    (he G1#S of (R/#(M/0( ofrheumatoid diseases in chi"dren+

    $ontrol disease activit% 6a'imie normal growth and development  6inimie chronic disabilit% and de"ormit%

    Remission o" the disorder 

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    (he (-/R#P/U(! (/#M comprises thefo""o)ing+

    patient with parents . "amil% "amil% practitioner . pediatrician

    local pediatric hospital

    pediatric rheumatologist . special hospital orthopedist

    ophthalmologist

    ph%siotherapist ergotherapist

    social wor3er

    2s%chologist

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    (R/#(M/0( of 5R#

    Pauciarticu"ar 5R#+

    ;SD# spirin#  Re%e S%ndrome

    bupro"en# good? no re%e S%ndrome

    ;apro'en# Standard

    ;TRRT$>@R STEROD

    t ti l ti

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    ntra4articular nection#  Triamcinolone 9e'atomide

    @ab "or intra4artic Huid#cell.I$? culture? T (i"

    needed! 0ollow up# *47 wee3s

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    ntra4articular nection# 

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     TRET6E;T o" JR

    Po"yarticu"ar 5R#+ 

    ;SD 6t' orall%

    9%dro'%$hloroBuine

    athioprine

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     TRET6E;T o" JR

    Sytemic 5R#+

    ;SD Steroid 6t' KG

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    (reatment ofSpondy"oarthritis+

    Steroid $%closporin

    Other mmunosupresiveagents

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    SYS(/M!UPUS

    /RY(-/M#(1SUS

    =S/>

    S%stemic @upus Er%thematosus

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    S%stemic @upus Er%thematosus

    4 a challenging disease with a wide variet%o" presentations

    4 man% s%stems can be afected separatel%or at the same time

    4 occurs more commonl% in girls

    4 considered the diferential diagnosis o"

    man% s%mptoms and signs

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      non organAspeci8c4 

    SYMP(1MS+ 

    Fever  Fatiue

    Eeight "oss

    -eadache!ognitive impairment

    Psychosis& seiure

    Rash

    !hest painShortness of ,reathness#,domina" pain#rthtra"gia joint s)e""ing

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      non organAspeci8c4 

    SG0S+#"opecia& rashMucous mem,rane u"cers

    ymphadenopathyP"euritis& interstitii" pneum.Pu"monary hypertentionPeri$myo$endoAcarditis

    -ypertension-epatosp"enomega"yPeriphera" 'asc. nsu7.Periphera" neuropathy

      #rthritis

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    Malar "#utterfly" rash

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    Mucous mem,ane u"cers

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    Discoid Lupus

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    Vasculitis

    agnos s# A "rom ** R

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    agnos s# A "rom ** Rcriteria

     */ Eritema malar (utterH% rash! 7/ Discoid lupus 5/ 2hotosensitivit% A/ >lseration (mucocutaneus? oral? nasal!

    C/ rthritis +/ ;ephritis? proteinuria1,?C g.da% L/ Ensephlophat%# convulsiion? ps%chosis M/ 2leuritis? pericarditis 8/ $%topenia *,/ b/ anti ds D; ? anti Sm? @E cell **/ ;

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    (R/#(M/0( of S/+ 

    Steroid

    9%dro'%chloroBuine mmunosupressive#

     $%closporin

     KG

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    2rognosis#

    4 unpredictable disease and ma% be "atal

    4 Nidne% disease is one o" the li"e

    threatening  complications o" S@E

    4 nvolvement o" the blood# bleeding? palloror  ris3 o" in"ection

    4

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    -SPH 

    : anaphy"actoid or a""ergicpurpura

     a small vessels vasculitis 

     most "reBuent in children between 7 and M%ears

    4 male#"emale 7#*

    incidence ) *C %ears# 7*/L.*,, ,,,A4+ %ears # L,/5.*,, ,,, 

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    !"inica" manifestations+

    4 palpable non4thromboc%topenic purpura4 cramp% abdominal pain

    4 and arthralgia 

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    !"inica" manifestations+

    4 palpable non4thromboc%topenic purpura4cramp% abdominal pain

    4 and arthralgia 

    4 subcutaneous edema

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     Treatment

     

    Supportive

     on"y occasiona" use of corticosteroids forthe gastrointestina" comp"ications

     !omp"ication+ Rena" Fai"ure

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