RFID Fitness RFID Fitness Tracking SystemTracking SystemDan Shefchik, Scott Bugenhagen, Dan Shefchik, Scott Bugenhagen, Josh Leeder, Pam Duda, Nicole Josh Leeder, Pam Duda, Nicole GregorGregor

OverviewOverview

IntroductionIntroduction

RFID technologyRFID technology Tags emit waves that are received by an Tags emit waves that are received by an

interfaceinterface Database analyzes and organizes the Database analyzes and organizes the

information receivedinformation received Medical research used to analyze the user’s Medical research used to analyze the user’s

healthhealth

BasicsBasics

Use of EM (radio) waves to send/receive Use of EM (radio) waves to send/receive signals between a transponder or RF tag and signals between a transponder or RF tag and transceiver (with decoder)transceiver (with decoder)

Antennas exist in many shapes, can be built Antennas exist in many shapes, can be built into doorways, tollbooths, etc. EMF can be into doorways, tollbooths, etc. EMF can be constantly present or activated by sensorconstantly present or activated by sensor

Consist of IC built into tag that can be used to Consist of IC built into tag that can be used to read and/or writeread and/or write

Passive RFIDPassive RFID

Reflects/absorbs small amount of energy from reader’s Reflects/absorbs small amount of energy from reader’s signal to generate its own signal, ie., no batterysignal to generate its own signal, ie., no battery

Reader must produce large amt. of powerReader must produce large amt. of power Small range (<3m)- only produces power within reader Small range (<3m)- only produces power within reader

range, tag can only transmit very weak signalrange, tag can only transmit very weak signal No sensor capability- can only read/transfer sensor No sensor capability- can only read/transfer sensor

values when within reader’s rangevalues when within reader’s range Small amt. power means that it can only read/write Small amt. power means that it can only read/write

small amt. of datasmall amt. of data about 128 bytesabout 128 bytes

Lower cost, longer life than active RFID tagsLower cost, longer life than active RFID tags

How to find max heart How to find max heart raterate

Used to find percent of exerciseUsed to find percent of exercise Formula for malesFormula for males

210 - .5(your age) - 5%(your weight) + 4 210 - .5(your age) - 5%(your weight) + 4

Formula for femalesFormula for females 210 - .5(your age) – 1%(your Weight) 210 - .5(your age) – 1%(your Weight)

ZonesZones

50% to 60% of you max heart rate50% to 60% of you max heart rate 60% to 70% of you max heart rate60% to 70% of you max heart rate 70% to 80% of you max heart rate70% to 80% of you max heart rate 80% to 90% of your max heart rate 80% to 90% of your max heart rate 90% to 100% of your max heart rate90% to 100% of your max heart rate

Blood PressureBlood Pressure

Exercise lowers blood pressure Exercise lowers blood pressure significantlysignificantly

Lowering blood pressure reduces your Lowering blood pressure reduces your chances of heart diseasechances of heart disease

System will also monitor blood pressureSystem will also monitor blood pressure

Calories to FatCalories to Fat

When calorie intake > Calories needed When calorie intake > Calories needed for maintenance + calories needed for for maintenance + calories needed for current activity current activity excess calories = excess calories = stored as fatstored as fat

When burning more calories than are When burning more calories than are consumed= lose fatconsumed= lose fat Causes fat to be broken down to supply Causes fat to be broken down to supply

energy for the activityenergy for the activity

Existing WatchesExisting Watches

Watch ItselfWatch Itself

Compact designCompact design Intuitive interfaceIntuitive interface Lightweight Lightweight Water-resistance. Water-resistance. Batteries common enough that they can Batteries common enough that they can

easily be replaced easily be replaced Ability to scroll through functions like a Ability to scroll through functions like a

cell phonecell phone

ProgramProgram

Calculation of calorie expenditureCalculation of calorie expenditure Intuitive interfaceIntuitive interface Average and maximum heart rate for the whole Average and maximum heart rate for the whole

exercise periodexercise period Listing of target zones for heart rateListing of target zones for heart rate Lap times with heart rate (in graph and tabular Lap times with heart rate (in graph and tabular

form)form) Maximum and average heart rate for each lapMaximum and average heart rate for each lap Shows the time spent in, above and below each Shows the time spent in, above and below each

target training zonetarget training zone Shows the recovery time (time for heart rate to Shows the recovery time (time for heart rate to

return to resting heart rate from an elevated level)return to resting heart rate from an elevated level)

Watch ItselfWatch Itself

Option to use different types of watch bands Option to use different types of watch bands (one article showed that Velcro watch bands may be (one article showed that Velcro watch bands may be

preferable to plastic)preferable to plastic) Including on the display the time of day; Including on the display the time of day; Ability to program the watch to have certain Ability to program the watch to have certain

heart rate limits heart rate limits watch will beep upon violation of the programmed watch will beep upon violation of the programmed

limitslimits Inclusion of a type of charger for the watch so Inclusion of a type of charger for the watch so

that batteries can be replaced less frequently that batteries can be replaced less frequently

Heart Rate Monitoring: Heart Rate Monitoring: Chest StrapChest Strap

ProPro Constantly monitors heart rateConstantly monitors heart rate

Better overall heart rate dataBetter overall heart rate data

ConCon Has to be attached around the chest of all Has to be attached around the chest of all

usersusers May deter some prospective users because of May deter some prospective users because of

the large number of total usersthe large number of total users

Heart Rate Monitoring: Heart Rate Monitoring: Touch-BasedTouch-Based

ProPro No chest strapNo chest strap

ConCon Recording heart rate data from this system may be Recording heart rate data from this system may be

more difficultmore difficult No pre-existing watches record data from a touch-based No pre-existing watches record data from a touch-based

systemsystem Current systems only display the data onceCurrent systems only display the data once

Heart rate not constantly monitoredHeart rate not constantly monitored Less accurate data for our program to analyzeLess accurate data for our program to analyze

StandardsStandards

StandardsStandards

ISO (International Standards OrganizationISO (International Standards Organization This is the Organization that set the standards for This is the Organization that set the standards for

many technological devices and is based in many technological devices and is based in Geneva.Geneva.

In 2004 they set frequency standards for the In 2004 they set frequency standards for the different RFID tagsdifferent RFID tags

There was no standards on size or programingThere was no standards on size or programing

Different StandardsDifferent Standards

The problem with RFID is that it is so The problem with RFID is that it is so new.new.

Different companies are using different Different companies are using different standards for the RFID’s they produce.standards for the RFID’s they produce.

The leading company for this is Wal-Mart The leading company for this is Wal-Mart They have their own set standards They have their own set standards Since this company is so big it is setting the Since this company is so big it is setting the

standards for the many of the other standards for the many of the other companies also.companies also.

Set StandardsSet Standards

Currently there is no universal standard set for Currently there is no universal standard set for RFID frequenciesRFID frequencies

That is why most systems are only in house That is why most systems are only in house systems and can not be used everywheresystems and can not be used everywhere

Thus, as far as standards go, this does not Thus, as far as standards go, this does not really need to be worried about. Perhaps really need to be worried about. Perhaps looking at the ISO standards and utilizing them looking at the ISO standards and utilizing them is what should be done.is what should be done.

Embedded RF Embedded RF wireless systemswireless systems

BasicsBasics

RF wirelessRF wireless Radio frequency data communicationsRadio frequency data communications Wireless transmission of data by digital radio signalsWireless transmission of data by digital radio signals Radio connection between mobile terminal and host Radio connection between mobile terminal and host

computercomputer

Embedded RF wireless moduleEmbedded RF wireless module All circuitry required is placed on a single IC-style chipAll circuitry required is placed on a single IC-style chip 6 Basic components6 Basic components

1. Information source1. Information source

A) AnalogA) Analog Communicated by the amplitude of an input with relationship Communicated by the amplitude of an input with relationship

to timeto time Modified phase/amplitude introduces distortionModified phase/amplitude introduces distortion Affected by noiseAffected by noise

B) DigitalB) Digital Communicated by the state (voltage) of an input at a given Communicated by the state (voltage) of an input at a given

timetime No distortionNo distortion Errors occur if either the state or timing of digital information Errors occur if either the state or timing of digital information

is not accurately reproducedis not accurately reproduced

2. Transmitter2. Transmitter

Converts signal at input intoConverts signal at input into

an RF frequency that allowsan RF frequency that allows

tranmissiontranmission

Basically an oscillator and Basically an oscillator and

amplifieramplifier Information source modifiesInformation source modifies

phase, frequency, or phase, frequency, or

amplitudeamplitude

Antennas & Transmission Antennas & Transmission ChannelChannel

AntennasAntennas The most overlooked, and most critical componentThe most overlooked, and most critical component Important for both transmission and receptionImportant for both transmission and reception Internal (PCB) and external antennasInternal (PCB) and external antennas

External have better performanceExternal have better performance

Transmission ChannelTransmission Channel Mainly air with any obstacles along the wayMainly air with any obstacles along the way Path loss = signal strength (transmit)- strength (receive)Path loss = signal strength (transmit)- strength (receive)

Affected by antenna height, obstacles, air mosture, etc.Affected by antenna height, obstacles, air mosture, etc. Link Budget = transmit power – receiver sensitivityLink Budget = transmit power – receiver sensitivity If link budget is greater than path loss, transmitter can If link budget is greater than path loss, transmitter can

communicate with the receivercommunicate with the receiver

Receiver & Information Receiver & Information SinkSink

ReceiverReceiver Receives a modulated RF signal and recreates the base band Receives a modulated RF signal and recreates the base band

informationinformation Most embedded wireless systems use either ASK, FSK, or PSKMost embedded wireless systems use either ASK, FSK, or PSK Receiver performance/price depends on type of modulationReceiver performance/price depends on type of modulation

ASK is affected by interference and noiseASK is affected by interference and noise FSK is most popular because of higher performanceFSK is most popular because of higher performance PSK requires timing circuitry, and is complicated and expensivePSK requires timing circuitry, and is complicated and expensive

Information SinkInformation Sink Device that receives the information from the receiverDevice that receives the information from the receiver Must have the ability to identify/recover from corrupt dataMust have the ability to identify/recover from corrupt data

Putting it all togetherPutting it all together

SurveySurvey

GoalsGoals

Investigate interest for use of exercise Investigate interest for use of exercise tracking system for the Kern Centertracking system for the Kern Center

Determine interest for different features Determine interest for different features under considerationunder consideration

Solicit input as to possible features not Solicit input as to possible features not under consideration that might improve under consideration that might improve the productthe product

Survey ResultsSurvey Results

Question oneQuestion one A) Would you be A) Would you be

interested in using an interested in using an exercise tracking exercise tracking system in the Kern system in the Kern Center?Center?

B) If yes, how often B) If yes, how often would you use the would you use the system per week?system per week?

Would you be interested in using an excercise tracking system in the Kern Center?

30, 83.33%

6, 16.67%

Yes

No

If yes, how often would you use the system per week?

11, 30.56%

19, 52.78%

0, 0.00%

6, 16.67%

Once

Several days

Every Day

I wouldn't

Survey ResultsSurvey Results

Question 1Question 1 C) How often do you C) How often do you

work out per week at work out per week at the Kern Center?the Kern Center?

Question 2Question 2 What features would What features would

you be interested in you be interested in having in this system?having in this system?

How often do you work out per week at the Kern Center?

6, 16.67%

22, 61.11%

2, 5.56%

6, 16.67%

Once

Several days

Every day

Never

What features would you be interested in having in this system?

0

5

10

15

20

25

30

35

HR

Speed/lap

Dis

tance

Calo

ries

Weig

ht

Avg.

Speed

HeartRate

Monitor

CalorieCounter

DistanceMeter

LapCounter

AverageSpeed

Clock BloodPressure

AudibleHR

Zone

PerformanceGraphs

Performance Charts

Nu

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of

Resp

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dan

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Survey ResultsSurvey Results

Question 3Question 3 Please write any Please write any

other features that other features that you would be you would be interested in:interested in: Weightlifting featuresWeightlifting features Step counterStep counter MP3 playerMP3 player

House of QualityHouse of Quality

QFD House of QFD House of QualityQuality Graphical Graphical

representation of representation of relationship between relationship between users wants and how users wants and how the supplier can the supplier can provide those wantsprovide those wants

Average Speed Calculator

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Pla

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Lap Counter

Odometer

Clock

Running Timer

Lap Timer

Heart Rate Zone Calculator

Blood Pressure Monitor

Heart Rate Monitor

Calorie Counter

Weight Monitor

Performance Analysis

Low Cost

Water/Sweatproof

Safe to Use

Light Weight

Recyclable Materials

Compatibility with Other Equipment

Priority Importance

Weighted Importance

12 11 4 11 1 7 16 2211 7 4 00

12

13

17

15

10

16

11

2

3

4

5

9

7

8

18

14

6

1

116 104 21 106 4 75 163 121 178 59 77 -6 2

FUNDING FUNDING RESEARCHRESEARCH

Grant ResearchGrant Research

Universities provide grants to their students onlyUniversities provide grants to their students only Council on Undergraduate ResearchCouncil on Undergraduate Research Whitaker FoundationWhitaker Foundation National Institute of HealthNational Institute of Health

National Institutes of National Institutes of Health SearchHealth Search

SignificanceSignificance ApproachApproach InnovationInnovation InvestigatorsInvestigators EnvironmentEnvironment

SignificanceSignificance

How critical is the problem?How critical is the problem? How will our solution advance science How will our solution advance science

and engineering?and engineering? How will our product change sports How will our product change sports

medicine?medicine?

ApproachApproach

How thorough is our background How thorough is our background research?research?

Are our methods appropriate for the Are our methods appropriate for the solution?solution?

Have multiple possible solutions been Have multiple possible solutions been considered?considered?

InnovationInnovation

How is our product different from similar How is our product different from similar existing products?existing products?

Has a patent search been carried out?Has a patent search been carried out? How do the techniques used differ from How do the techniques used differ from

other methods?other methods?

InvestigatorsInvestigators

Do we have the experience and Do we have the experience and education necessary to complete the education necessary to complete the project?project?

Do the individual team members vary Do the individual team members vary from each other?from each other?

EnvironmentEnvironment

Do we have the resources?Do we have the resources? EquipmentEquipment ContactsContacts

Do we have time?Do we have time? Do we have space?Do we have space?