rfid-ece4803 lecture 2users.ece.gatech.edu/etentze/ece4803_rfid_general.pdf · mobile broadcast...
TRANSCRIPT
BroadcastBroadcastMobileMobile
WRANWRAN
WMANWMAN
WPANWPANWPAN
WLANWLAN
802.15.1Bluetooth802.15.1802.15.1BluetoothBluetooth
802.15.4ZigBee
802.15.4802.15.4ZigBeeZigBee
802.11bWiFi
802.11b802.11bWiFiWiFi
802.15.3UWB
802.15.3802.15.3UWBUWB
802.15.3cmm-wave802.15.3c802.15.3cmmmm--wavewave
802.16WiMax802.16802.16WiMaxWiMax802.11g802.11g802.11g
802.11n802.11n802.11n
802.11a802.11a802.11a
802.22Cognitive
Radio
802.22802.22Cognitive Cognitive
RadioRadio
GPRS/EGDEGPRS/EGDEGPRS/EGDE
WCDMAWCDMAWCDMA
HSDPAHSDPAHSDPA
GSMGSMGSM
To be usedTo be usedTo be used
Being UsedBeing UsedBeing Used
WPAN: Wireless Personal Area NetworkWLAN: Wireless Local Area NetworkWMAN: Wireless Metropolitan Area NetworkWRAN: Wireless Regional Area Network
UWB: Ultra Wide-BandHSPDA(3.5G mobile): High-speed Data Packet AccessWCDMA(3G) : Wideband Code Division Multiple AccessGPRS(2.5G): General Packet Radio ServiceEDGE(2.5G): Enhanced Data Rate for GSM Evolution GSM(2G): Global System for Mobile CommunicationDVB: Digital Video BroadcastDAB: Digital Audio Broadcast
1M
10M
100M
10m 100m 1km 10km
1G
Data Ratebit/sec
Coverage
Sept.12 2005 by K
. Lim, ktlim
@ece.gatech.edu
Communication by ApplicationsCommunication by Applications
DABDABDAB
DVBDVBDVB
Control of inControl of in--house house electronics system electronics system
BluetoothBluetoothBluetooth
Communication by LocationCommunication by Location
Sensors, Lights, Sensors, Lights, Security, Doors...Security, Doors...
ZigBeeZigBeeZigBee
Wireless HiFi Audio andWireless HiFi Audio andHD Video transmissionHD Video transmission
UWBUWBUWBNext of WCDMA. Next of WCDMA. Higher speed data Higher speed data
comm.comm.
HSDPAHSDPAHSDPA
Free of spectrum Free of spectrum licensing. Data comm. licensing. Data comm.
for pedestrian and for pedestrian and house.house.
WRANWRANWRAN
Phone/Power line for Phone/Power line for connection of inconnection of in--house electronics house electronics
system system
HomePNAHomePNAHomePNA
High speed data High speed data transmission for transmission for
mobile & mobile & pedestrianpedestrian
WiMaxWiMaxWiMax
Most popular voice Most popular voice and data comm. for and data comm. for
mobile and mobile and pedestrianpedestrian
WCDMAWCDMAWCDMA
Fiber/Copper based Fiber/Copper based high speed last mile high speed last mile
wired comm.wired comm.
10 Gbps Ethernet10 Gbps 10 Gbps EthernetEthernet
Digital TV for Digital TV for Cellphone userCellphone user
DVBDVBDVBDigital Radio Digital Radio
Service. Like XMService. Like XM
DABDABDAB
Fixed wireless comm. Fixed wireless comm. in office/room. 802.11n in office/room. 802.11n can support over 200 can support over 200
MbpsMbps
WLANWLANWLAN
RFID Operation Scenarios- Aeronautical industry
- Pharmaceutical industry- Port security- Airport security and baggage
tracking- Automotive industry (tire
pressure monitoring sensor system)- Inventory control- Wearable electronics
What is RFID
• Radio Frequency IDentification is detection of tagged objects from a remote transponder (tag) including an antenna and a microchip transceiver (IC) using a local querying system (reader or interrogator)
Power
Stored data
RFID to Improve Daily Life Activities
Acrobat Document
RFID History
Communication by Means of Reflected Power,
by Harry Stockman, Proceedings of the IRE, 1948,
Generic Tag Architecture
ProtocolEngine
ProtocolEngine
ReceiverReceiver
MemoryMemory
An
ten
na
An
ten
na
Write Path
D
S
G
NN
SS
TAGR
eade
r
Rea
der
TAG
BackscatterBackscatter
• Near field (LF, HF): inductive coupling of tag to magnetic field circulating around antenna (like a transformer)• Varying magnetic flux induces current in tag. Modulate tag load to communicate with reader• field energy decreases proportionally to 1/R3 (to first order)
• Far field (UHF, microwave): backscatter. • Modulate back scatter by changing antenna impedance• Field energy decreases proportionally to 1/R
• Boundry between near and far field: R = wavelength/2 pi so, once have reached far field, lower frequencies will have lost significantly more energy than high frequencies
• Absorption by non-conductive materials significant problem for microwave frequencies
Inductive CouplingInductive Coupling
Source of data: Source of data: ““Introduction to RFIDIntroduction to RFID”” CAENRFID an IIT CorporationCAENRFID an IIT Corporation
1980s-1990s
Animal TrackingAnimal Tracking
Automated Vehicle IdAutomated Vehicle Id
Today’s RFID
Substrate
Tag IC
Antenna
Die attach
Today’s RFID
IC Antenna
Operation modesPassive Tags:
– Antenna uses EM power from reader.Semi-Passive Tags:
– IC uses EM power distribution– Sensor uses battery– Increased node’s lifetime
Active tag:– IC and sensor utilize battery– Increased data range (>100 ft compared to
30 ft in semi-passive)– Excellent for harsh environments for their
improved S/N
Ultimate goal: All printed RFID tag (antenna, IC, battery, and sensor) on paperOperating frequency: UHF (900 MHz),RF (2.45 GHz), potentially up to 60 GHzSuggested Module integration:
• Printed battery on surface• Printable sensor technology on surface• Surface mounted IC
RFID/Sensor Module IntegrationDemodulation
Voltage Multiplier
Modulation
AntennaDigital Data
Power
Digital data Sensor
Digital Logic &MODEM
ADCEEPROM
RFID Frequency Bands
Human implantation of RFID tags
Advantages of UHF for Sensing
• Free Spectrum:– US: 420-450 MHz, 902-928MHz– Europe: 866-868 MHz
• At UHF, long read distances achievable compared to LF and HF• Better penetration through objects than higher frequencies• Higher data rates achievable → Better sensing resolution