Revolutionary War: part 1

Mr Langford’s class

Overview

• Causes of the War– taxes– protests

• Some battles leading up to independence

• Continental Congress

The start

• Proclamation of 1763– no movement west of the Appalachians– this hurt the colonist– why?

• The need of revenue for the English Crown– needed money after the French-Indian war– help ease tension between N.A. and English– notice this point for future reference

The Stamp Act 1765

• Taxed every paper product

• Required that all uses of paper must have the stamp on the paper in order to be used

• What types of items would fall under this?

• What did the colonist do?

• What happened?

• “No taxation without representation”

The Townshend Act

• Suspended lawmakers until British troops were housed. Where were they housed?

• Placed a tax on– glass– paper– tea– paint– lead

After the Townshend Act

• Tempers flared

• Riots occurred-- the Liberty(ship)

• Smuggling and Black Market occurred

• Writ of Assistance

• More troops sent--Boston

• Colonial Boycott

Boston Massacre

• During the winter

• Started as youths and dock workers started throwing snowballs

• More troops arrived to settle the situation

• The colonial crowd grew very large

• British soldiers became very nervous

• Five colonials were dead

The Tea Act

• The English revoke Townshend Act

• Decided to tax Tea instead

• Also showed the colonist who was still in charge

• Needed to keep money coming in

• Tea was very popular in the colonies

The Tea Party

• Some Bostonians dressed up in N.A. costumes

• Threw cases of tea overboard

• Leader was John Adams

• Similar destruction of tea was in Philadelphia, New York and Charleston

The Boston Tea Party

The Intolerable Acts

• To punish the colonies for rebelling

• Limited all govt. bodies

• Closed ports

• Allowed housing of British troop wherever necessary

• All British troops were to be tried in England for any crimes

Colonial Response

• Developed the First Continental Congress

• Voted to become allies and ban trade with England until Acts were lifted

• Called for each colony to train soldiers

• Ironically, most did not want independence

First Continental Congress

The Militia and Minutemen

• Militia--group of organized men trained and ready to fight

• Minutemen--men who had little training but ready to fight at a minutes notice

• Militia--where we they located?

• Minutemen where located where?

The Revolution Begins

• Sought to destroy a surplus of guns in Concord, MA

• Paul Revere’s ride

• Others who helped--Prescott and Dawes

• Battle at Lexington

• Battle at Concord

• British retreat to Boston

Lexington

Loyalist/Patriot

• Loyalist--one who favors the British

• Patriot--one who opposes the British and became minutemen or supporters of them

• Each have an important role in the next few years

• Why are these two factions so important?

Fort Ticonderoga

• A fort near Lake Champlain

• Held artilry for British troops

• Invaded by the Green Mountain Boys

• Led by Ethan Allen and Benedict Arnold

• Why was this so important for the colonies?

Second Continental Congress

• May of 1775

• Met after the battles of Lexington and Concord as well as Ticonderoga

• Developed a Continental Army

• Led by George Washington

• Some wanted to fight others wanted peace

Bunker Hill

• Hill taken after the British left• British were stunned and decided to reclaim • Howe took his men 2,200 back to the

bottom and try to retake• Patriots on top waited till the Brits were 15

paces away before firing• Why? Why was this a bad move by the

British officers?

Bunker Hill

Bunker Hill

• British stormed the hill two times before Patriots ran out of powder and then the British were able to retake the hill

• Who won?

• The final count:– 1000 British dead– 400 Patriots dead

Olive Branch Petition

• July 1775

• Congress blamed the king for the battles

• Begged the king to stop

• Wanted a peaceful end

• King George refused and sent 10,000 Hessians to assist the British

Battle of Boston

• Fighting resumed • Washington and his army had little money

for ammunition• Artiliery arrived and were positioned for the

bombing of Boston• British soon retreated• Where did the artiliry, supplies and men

come from?

The Declaration of Independence

• The Third Congress set up a committee to write a proposed declaration

• Who wrote the declaration?

• When was it ratified and signed?

• Why was it so controversial?

The signing

Summary

• Taxes and forced intrusion

• Boycotts and rebellions

• Lexington and Concord

• Continental Congress

• Militia, minutemen, loyalist, and patriot