MONITORING AND EVALUATION CORAL BLEACHING IN INDONESIA

Prepared byDR.CHERRYTA YUNIA

ICRI - INDONESIA

Paris, 2-4 November 2016

What is Coral Bleaching?} When corals are stressed by changes in

conditions such as temperature, light, or nutrients, they expel the symbiotic algae living in their tissues, causing them to turn completely white.

} Cause: Sea temperature rise due to climate change and destructive activites.} General Impact: Threaten fisheries and marine tourism industries and cause significant economic hardship and food security problems} Why do the monitoring?To updates status of coral reef and its trends to inform adaptive management including any bleaching event.

How it relates to the policy implementation in Indonesia?

} Monitoring program informed the government authority on the condition of coral reefs, concerned specific habitats and places where coral reefs are resilient.

} Knowing how special and important coral reefs are. Local communities and the government then give priority protection to reef areas that are exposed to either cold-water upwellingsor regular high temperatures.

} These reefs have been placed in strict “no-take” zones within MPA network, to ensure that they are given the highest possible protection to safeguard them from other disturbances (including overfishing) that might compromise their resilience.

Coral Bleaching Rapid Assessment in Indonesia: TANGGAP!The survey was made by mutual cooperation to provide easy access to information about coral bleaching and to provide recommendations and an action plan to do. The survey was managed by the Directorate General of Sea Space Management - Ministry of Marine Fisheries, MMAF) with the technical assistance of the Reef Check Indonesia3 Phases of the Survey:

a. Rapid Assessment: performed regularly every 2 weeks until the peak of coral bleaching

b. Peak Bleaching Monitoring :detailed survey conducted during the peak or shortly after the peak incidence of coral bleaching,

c. Post Bleaching Monitoring: suggested 3 months after the peak of coral bleaching

Monitoring Guidance for Coral Bleaching

Distribution Map of Coral Bleaching Incidence Reports: Issue March 28 - April 21, 2016

Coral Bleaching Rapid Assessment in Wakatobi-Indonesia

} Location: 10 observation sites/dive spots, 5 m and 10 m depth} Time: 5-8 Mei 2016 (4 days), which is the peak period based on

NOAA’s information} Results:

- generally at 10 observation sites have been going for about 51% of the corals suffered bleaching, while reefs are experiencing pale only about 19%.

- For the reef is not bleached or normal conditions only 26%, however there are some reefs which when observ perkoloni, there are about 4% has been damaged or dead.

- These results indicate that the rate of coral reef bleaching is higher compared to the normal condition.

- The majority of the bleaching coral is a coral reef at a depth of 5m. Then followed the conditions are abundant pale in depth of 5m compare to the depths of 10m.

- Depths factors determining the adaptation to the dynamics and temperature changes and also the pattern of natural resources use.

Location and Monitoring Result by TNC

1. Savu Sea Marine National Park – East Nusa Tenggara Province16 survey location (May 2016): deep reef (ranging from 0 to 65% bleached with average of 24,14 % bleached.Shallow reef (ranging from 0,01 to 86,93% bleached with average of 29, 47 % bleached.

2. Misool and Kofiau – Raja Ampat, West Papua Province (Bird Head)No bleaching from 26 survey location (March 2016).

Coral bleaching in Sumba

Coral bleaching in Manggarai Coral bleaching in Sabu Raijua

Coral bleaching in Rote Ndao

© TNC ICOP/2016

© TNC ICOP/2016

© TNC ICOP/2016

© TNC ICOP/2016

} CI use common coral reef monitoring tools including Manta Tow and Point Intercept Transect.

} CI has been monitoring ocean temperatures in the Bird’s Head Seascape (Raja Ampat) since 2005 with a set of 78 temperature loggers that measure temperature every 15 minutes and record it onto a computer chip.

} Through this work, we’ve identified a number of reef areas which are regularly exposed to oceanographic upwellingsof deep cold water, as well as a number of healthy shallow reefs which are literally “cooked” every day at low tide by waters super-heated by the sun.

} Result: no bleaching event

Location and Monitoring Result by CI

Coral Cover in 7 MPAs in Indonesia

Coral Bleaching Incidences in Indonesia’s Marine National Park

} Based on coral bleaching monitoring in 2015 by Marine National Park’s officers, the results show that coral bleaching occurred in 4 marine national park that is Wakatobi NP (2%), Karimunjawa NP (41,61%), Taka Bonerate NP (3,4%).

} It shown that coral reefs that are protected through the MPAs relatively less suffered bleaching It compared the reefs which are not in protected areas.

} Coral bleaching in Karimunjawa NP due to the influence of visitors tourism.

Problems Facing

} Local community lack of awareness on the issue of coral bleaching and its impact

} Lack of strong policy and formal guidelines on the issue of coral bleaching events

} Impact of mass tourism activities and pollution might affect the coral reef health and decrease the resilient of coral reef

} Lack of personil which has an obligation to monitor and patrol

Follow Up

} Integrated tools and method à Coral Bleaching Monitoring and Assessment

} Integrated Policy to Support adoption and implementation of adaptive management

} Collaboration Team should continue to monitor the condition of coral reefs and ensure there is monitoring of post bleaching alert

} Government and communities must aware with coral bleaching events and take action and response through policies that would be beneficial to reduce pressure on coral reefs and other coastal ecosystems

} Continous sosialization and join patrolling

Follow Up} Local Government, Central Government and whole society

active role in reducing the damage to coral reefs from human activities

} Training programs on MPA management for local communities, government, university and stakeholders:- TNC with Yayasan Reef Check Indonesia conduct training of coral

bleaching monitoring to staffs of Balai Kawasan Konservasi Kupang (Management Authorities of Savu Sea Marine National Park.

} The result from coral bleaching survey will then analyzed resulting of areas/locations that resilience to bleaching and will recommend to use for redesign the zoning plan of the MPA

} Government should seek AIG for local fishermen

Thanks,Merci beaucaup…..

Photo credit : SubditWetlands and Biodiversity Park Conservation, Kep. Seribu National Park, Karimun Jawa NP, Bunaken NP, Wakatobi NP. Taka Bonerate NP. Bunaken NP, Teluk Cendrawasih NP,