revise&factors - the curriculum placesieve)of)eratosthenes:)) 12345678910 11121314151617181920...

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Revise factors Explain the difference between a factor and a mul6ple. Discuss strategies for finding factors of a number e.g. divisibility rules, list of number facts, mul6plica6on grid. Iden6fy common factors of two or three numbers. Learning inten+on To focus on understanding the defini+on of prime and discover the pa8ern of these numbers in the range of 1100. When we use the name Prime, when referring to a number, we are talking about its special characteris+cs. it is defined as a whole number greater than 1 that has only itself and the number 1 as factors. For example 17 is a prime number because, it can only be made using the factors of 1 and 17. Challenge students to use their +les to find another prime less than 6 (learners should model 2, 3, 5). Explain that 6 is not a prime number and underline the defini+on to emphasis greater than, itself and the number 1. Explain that mathema+cians consider that pa8erns are very important. Pose the ques+on to the classWhat does spagheP have in common with mathema+cs? Record ideas Revision of the meaning of factors might need to occur (a factor is one of two or more numbers that are mul+plied together to get a productfor example 6 X 7 = 42, 6 and 7 are factors of 42) Check for understanding by asking learners how many factors do prime numbers have? Mathema+cians have been fascinated by prime numbers for thousands of years. In fact, Eratosthenes (275194 BC, Greece), devised a ‘sieve’ to discover prime numbers. h8p://splash.abc.net.au/media//m/1469825/primesancientbuildingblocksofmaths Australian Curriculum Year 6 Iden+fy and describe proper+es of prime, composite numbers ACMNA122 represen+ng composite numbers as a product of their prime factors and using this form to simplify calcula+ons by cancelling common primes Key Ideas How to iden+fy numbers with only one factor pair and numbers with more than one factor pair What are efficient strategies to iden+fy if a number has one or more factor pairs Context for Learning Real life experiences: Prime numbers are good for quickly transforming a situa+on with lots of possible outcomes into an equivalent situa+on with only a handful of possible outcomes. Prime Numbers are used over the internet to encode sensi+ve informa+on. Resources: FISH, 6le counters, 100 chart, 100 mat and number cards op6onal, mul6ples Vocabulary Factor, product, prime, composite, greater than, less than, whole number, Introductory AcBvity ProcessRevision Define the term ‘mul6ple’. Discuss ways of finding mul6ples e.g. by mul6plying numbers, skip coun6ng or repeated addi6on. Write paKerns of mul6ples e.g. with the help of a number line, hundred board or calculator. Iden6fy common mul6ples for two or three numbers. Ask class what happens to spagheP ader it is cooked in boiling waterit is drained in a container that allows the water to escape. Pose the ques+on again to the class What does spagheP have in common with mathema+cs? Record ideas Prime numbers are special because they are greater than 1 and its factors are only one and itself.

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Page 1: Revise&factors - The Curriculum PlaceSieve)of)Eratosthenes:)) 12345678910 11121314151617181920 21222324252627282930 31323334353637383940 41424344454647484950 51525354555657585960 61626364656667686970

Revise  factors  Explain  the  difference  between  a  factor  and  a  mul6ple.  Discuss  strategies  for  finding  factors  of  a  number  e.g.  divisibility  rules,  list  of  number  facts,  mul6plica6on  grid.  Iden6fy  common  factors  of  two  or  three  numbers.    -­‐Learning  inten+on-­‐  To  focus  on  understanding  the  defini+on  of  prime  and  discover  the  pa8ern  of  these  numbers  in  the  range  of  1-­‐100.  When  we  use  the  name  Prime,  when  referring  to  a  number,  we  are  talking  about  its  special  characteris+cs.    

it  is  defined  as  a  whole  number  greater  than  1  that  has  only  itself  and  the  number  1  as  factors.  For  example  17  is  a  prime  number  because,  it  can  only  be  made  using  the  factors  of  1  and  17.  Challenge  students  to  use  their  +les  to  find  another  prime  less  than  6  (learners  should  model  2,  3,  5).  Explain  that  6  is  not  a  prime  number  and  underline  the  defini+on  to  emphasis  greater  than,  itself  and  the  number  1.  Explain  that  mathema+cians  consider  that  pa8erns  are  very  important.      

Pose  the  ques+on  to  the  class-­‐What  does  spagheP  have  in  common  with  mathema+cs?  Record  ideas    

             Revision  of  the  meaning  of  factors  might  need  to  occur  (a  factor  is  one  of  two  or  more  numbers  that  are  mul+plied  together  to  get  a  product-­‐for  example  6  X  7  =  42,  6  and  7  are  factors  of  42)  Check  for  understanding  by  asking  learners  how  many  factors  do  prime  numbers  have?    

Mathema+cians  have  been  fascinated  by  prime  numbers  for  thousands  of  years.  In  fact,  Eratosthenes  (275-­‐194  BC,  Greece),  devised  a  ‘sieve’  to  discover  prime  numbers.    h8p://splash.abc.net.au/media/-­‐/m/1469825/primes-­‐ancient-­‐building-­‐blocks-­‐of-­‐maths  

Australian  Curriculum  Year  6  Iden+fy  and  describe  proper+es  of  prime,  composite  numbers  ACMNA122    •  represen+ng  composite  numbers  as  a  product  of  their  prime  factors  and  

using  this  form  to  simplify  calcula+ons  by  cancelling  common  primes    

Key  Ideas  •  How  to  iden+fy  numbers  with  only  one  factor  pair  and  numbers  with  

more  than  one  factor  pair  •  What  are  efficient  strategies  to  iden+fy  if  a  number  has  one  or  more  

factor  pairs    

Context  for  Learning  -­‐  Real  life  experiences:    Prime  numbers  are  good  for  quickly  transforming  a  situa+on  with  lots  of  possible  outcomes  into  an  equivalent  situa+on  with  only  a  handful  of  possible  outcomes.  Prime  Numbers  are  used  over  the  internet  to  encode  sensi+ve  informa+on.    

Resources:  FISH,  6le  counters,  100  chart,  100  mat  and  number  cards-­‐op6onal,  mul6ples    

Vocabulary  Factor,  product,  prime,  composite,  greater  than,  less  than,  whole  number,                      Introductory  AcBvity  Process-­‐Revision  Define  the  term  ‘mul6ple’.    Discuss  ways  of  finding  mul6ples  e.g.  by  mul6plying  numbers,  skip  coun6ng  or  repeated  addi6on.  Write  paKerns  of  mul6ples  e.g.  with  the  help  of  a  number  line,  hundred  board  or  calculator.  Iden6fy  common  mul6ples  for  two  or  three  numbers.      

             

Ask  class  what  happens  to  spagheP  ader  it  is  cooked  in  boiling  water-­‐it  is  drained  in  a  container  that  allows  the  water  to  escape.  Pose  the  ques+on  again  to  the  class-­‐What  does  spagheP  have  in  common  with  mathema+cs?  Record  ideas    Prime  numbers  are  special  because  they  are  greater  than  1  and  its  factors  are  only  one  and  itself.    

Page 2: Revise&factors - The Curriculum PlaceSieve)of)Eratosthenes:)) 12345678910 11121314151617181920 21222324252627282930 31323334353637383940 41424344454647484950 51525354555657585960 61626364656667686970

       

The  Sieve  of  Eratosthenes:      1    2    3    4    5    6    7    8    9  10  11  12  13  14  15  16  17  18  19  20  21  22  23  24  25  26  27  28  29  30  31  32  33  34  35  36  37  38  39  40  41  42  43  44  45  46  47  48  49  50  51  52  53  54  55  56  57  58  59  60  61  62  63  64  65  66  67  68  69  70  71  72  73  74  75  76  77  78  79  80  81  82  83  84  85  86  87  88  89  90  91  92  93  94  95  96  97  98  99  100  

A  sieve  is  like  a  strainer  that  you  drain  spagheP  through  when  it  is  done  cooking.  The  water  drains  out,  leaving  your  spagheP  behind.  Well,  Eratosthenes's  sieve  drains  out  composite  numbers  and  leaves  prime  numbers  behind.  To  do  what  Eratosthenes  did,  either  use  a  100’s  mat  (blue)  or  hand  out  one  hundred  charts  (1-­‐100)  or  h8p://www.scootle.edu.au/ec/viewing/L3545/index.html  Instruct  the  class  to:  If  using  a  big  mat  

remove  numbers  rather  than  crossing  them  out  and  leave  number  rather  than  circling  them.  If  using  an  individual  100  paper  grid  cross  out  1,  because  it  is  not  prime.  Then,  circle  2,  because  it  is  the  smallest  posi6ve  even  prime.  Now  cross  out  every  mul6ple  of  2;  in  other  words,  cross  out  every  2nd  number.  Then  circle  3,  the  next  prime.  Then  cross  out  all  of  the  mul6ples  of  3;  in  other  words,  every  third  number.  Some,  like  6,  may  have  already  been  crossed  out  since  they  may  be  mul6ples  of  2.  Then  circle  the  next  open  number,  5.  Now  cross  out  all  of  the  mul6ples  of  5,  or  every  5th  number.  Con6nue  doing  this  un6l  all  the  numbers  through  100  are  either  circled  or  crossed  out.  If  you  have  remembered  your  mul6plica6on  tables,  you  have  just  circled  all  the  prime  numbers  less  than  100.    Remind  students  to  consider  divisibility  rules:    •  One  whole  number  is  divisible  by  another  if,  ader  dividing,  the  remainder  is  

zero.  •  If  one  whole  number  is  divisible  by  another  number,  then  the  second  

number  is  a  factor  of  the  first  number.      Ask  students  to  consider  what  we  call  the  other  numbers  that  have  not  been  iden6fied  as  prime  How  many  factors  does  27  have?    What  strategy  can  we  use  to  find  out?  Suggest  using  divisibility  rules  to  inves6gate.  27  is  an  odd  number  so  it  is  not  divisible  by  2.  The  sum  of  the  digits  is  2  +  7  =  9  then  27  is  divisibly  by  3.  So  27  also  has  factors  of  3  and  9.    

If  we  look  at  the  defini6on  of  a  prime  number  27  is  not  prime.  Numbers  with  more  than  two  factors  are  referred  to  as  composite.    

A  composite  number  has  factors  other  than  1  and  itself.  Composite  numbers  can  be  wriKen  as  the  product  of  prime  numbers.    

AcBvity  Process:  How  can  you  write  a  composite  number  as  a  product  of  prime  factors    Write  the  number  24  as  a  factor  pair  Ask  students  to  comment  on  the  numbers  In  the  first  6er-­‐  4  &  6.  The  last  set  of    Branches  has  all  prime  numbers.  So  24  =  2  X  2  X  2  X  3    Ask  students  to  choose  a  composite    number  that  has  not  been  demonstrated  and  create  a  factor  tree.    They  must  jus6fy  how  reasonable  their  answer  is      AcBvity  Process:  ConsolidaBon  and  Extension  AcBviBes  Why  do  I  have  to  learn  about  Prime  Numbers?  Listen  to  Adam  Spencer  the  Mathema6cian  talking  about  Prime  Number.  Teachers  should  listen  to  this  first  to  make  a  jusgement  about  whether  to  air  this  to  the  whole  class  of  a  group  of  students.  hKp://splash.abc.net.au/media/-­‐/m/86438  •  As  students  are  listening  they  need  to  be  given  a  focus  of  ques6ons  to  share  at  

the  end.  •  How  does  the  Adam  explain  prime  numbers?  •  How  many  prime  numbers  are  there?  

                                 24            4                                                    6                                      X            2    X    2            X                2      X      3              

hKp://splash.abc.net.au/media/-­‐/m/154992/prime-­‐number-­‐keys  Is  a  video  about  the  real  world  applica6on  of  encrypted  messages  

•  Why  is  encryp6on  important?     Self  Assessment:  Ask  learners  to  write  ‘I  can’  statements  about  

prime  and  composite  numbers