PAVEMENT DESIGN LABORATORY REPORT

MODULE J-03

FLASH POINT AND BURNING POINT WITH CLEVELAND OPEN CUP

GROUP 1A

Daniel Andiga Wibisana 1306437076

Jean Baptise Davies 1506796580

Rafitya Rahisa 1306437063

Raihan Alisha Nabila 1306437126

Sabrina Nurul Hidayah 1306437145

Date of Experimental : November 1st 2015

Experimental Assistant : Alfisahr Ferdian

Date of Approval :

Score :

Assistant’s Signature :

LABORATORY OF STRUCTURE AND MATERIAL

CIVIL ENGINEERING DEPARTEMENT

ENGINEERING FACULTY

UNIVERSITY OF INDONESIA

DEPOK 2015

I. OBJECTIVES

This laboratory work is intended to determine flash point and burning point from

all types of crude oil except fuel oil and the other types that has flash point of open

cup less than 79o C.

Flash point is the temperature when there is a flash t seen in a very short time at a

point above the asphalt surface.

Burning point is the temperature when there is a flash seen approximately 5

seconds at a point above the asphalt surface.

II. TOOLS AND EQUIPMENT

1. Thermometer.

Picture 1. Thermometer

2. Cleveland open cup, which is brass cup with the shape and dimension according to

the picture below.

Picture 2. Cleveland open cup

3. Heating plate, consists of metal, for embedding the Cleveland cup, the upper plate is

entirely covered by asbestos with the thickness of 0.6 cm (1/4”).

Picture 3. Heating Plate

4. Heating source, gas burner or electric furnace, or alcohol burner that doesn’t produce

smoke or place in the upper part of the cup.

5. Wind barrier, a tool that hold the wind when flash is used as the heater.

6. Flash tester, that can be adjusted and give flash with the diameter of 3.2-4.8 mm with

the cylinder length of 7.5 cm according to picture below.

Picture 4. Flash Tester

III. SPECIMEN

1. Heat the asphalt sample between 148.9 oC and 176 oC until the water is liquid enough.

2. And then fill the Cleveland cup until it reaches the line and stir until the bubbles are

gone from the liquid surface.

IV. PROCEDURE

1. Place the cup above the heating plate and adjust the heating source until it is placed

under the middle point of the cup.

2. Place the flash tester with the shaft distance of 7.5 cm from the middle point of the

cup.

3. Place the thermometer perpendicularly inside the specimen with the distance of 6.4

mm above the cup base and located in one line that connects the middle point of the

cup and the shaft point the flash tester. Adjust the thermometer until it is located in

the distance of ¼ diameter of the edge of the cup.

4. Place the wind barrier in the front of the flash tester

5. Turn on the heating source and adjust the heat in order to increase the temperature to

(15 ± 1)o C per minute until the specimen reaches the temperature of 56 oC below the

prediction of flash point.

6. Adjust the speed of the heat to 5 oC per minute until 28 oC below the prediction of

flash point.

7. Turn on the flash tester and adjust the diameter of the flash tester so it reaches 3.2 to

4.8 mm.

8. Spin the flash tester so it passes through the cup surface ( from one edge to another

edge of the cup ) in one second. Repeat the work for every increment of 2 oC.

9. Continue the work (6) and (8) until there is a flash seen in a very short time at a point

above the specimen surface. Read the temperature and write it down.

10. Continue the work (9) until there is a flash seen in a longer time approximately 5

seconds above the specimen surface (asphalt). Read the temperature from the

thermometer and write it down

V. CALCULATION

Table 1. Temperature and time of burning and flash point

0 5 10 15 20 25 300

50

100

150

200

250

300

350f(x) = 12.4659340659341 x + 27.2967032967033R² = 0.897528444978106

Temperature VS Time

Time (minute)

Tem

pera

ture

°C

Graph 1. The temperature (X10)-oC VS Time in minute(s)

No. Time (minute) Temperature (°C)

1 2 362 4 423 6 564 8 1025 10 1846 12 2187 14 2488 16 2689 18 284

10 20 29611 22 30812 24 31413 26 32014 28 324

VI. ANALYSIS

i. Experiment Analysis

This practicum is intended to determine flash point and burning point

from all types of crude oil except fuel oil and the other types that has flash

point of open cup less than 79o C. Before we did the practicum on Sunday we

did the preparation on Saturday. First we boiled the asphalt sample at some

degrees but according to the module we had to boil it between 148.9 oC and

176 oC until the water is liquid enough. After that we filled the Cleveland cup

until it reached the line and stirred until the bubbles are gone from the liquid

surface. On Sunday the laborer had already set the cup above the heating plate,

heating source, flash tester with the distance of 7.5 cm from the middle point

of the cup. The thermometer had been set to stand perpendicular inside the

specimen above the cup surface and located in one line with the middle point

of cup and surface point of flash tester and the wind barrier was put to

surround the Cleveland cup. The heating source was on and we adjusted the

heat until there was an increment at the temperature. Then we adjusted the

heating speed and turned on the flash tester and adjusted its diameter to be 3.2

to 4.8 mm. In this practicum we waited until there was a flash seen and at

which temperature. Every 2 minutes we had to write the increment

temperature shown on the thermometer and in which time and temperature the

flash and burning point seen and the practicum finished when we saw the

burning point above the surface of the asphalt.

ii. Result of Analysis

Table 2. Temperature and time of burning and flash point during experiment

Temperature when there is a flash point: 320 oC

Temperature when there is a burning point: 326 oC

The temperature increases gradually because there was no pause or

stop to decrease the temperature or the room temperature.

Flash point is determined as the lowest temperature where there is a

first flash point seen and the burning point is determined as the temperature

where the specimen get burned.

The minimum temperature of flash point by Bina Marga for asphalt

PEN 40 – 60 (200 oC) and according to our laboratory work, it passes the

requirement but according to SNI 06-2433-1991 flash point should be seen

between 270o C to 280 oC. The experiment shows that to determine maximum

temperature of asphalt heating so that the asphalt is not burned, its structure

and chemical properties will not change while processing of asphalt heating.

So the asphalt is expected to be adaptable with the condition and climate in an

area.

No. Time (minute) Temperature (°C)

1 2 362 4 423 6 564 8 1025 10 1846 12 2187 14 2488 16 2689 18 284

10 20 29611 22 30812 24 31413 26 32014 28 324

iii. Error Analysis

During the experiment we as the participants might have done

something wrong that can’t be avoided or tools error could also happen, these

are the error categories:

1. Tools Error

The wind barrier that we used could still break over usage, so it

wouldn’t be able to protect flame and the wind breeze.

2. Parallax Error

The thermometer should be clean and the scale has to be legible

clearly. The light in the room during the laboratory work should be

adjustable so when the flash shows up we will be able to see.

3. Participant Error

We might have misread the scale of the temperature, because we didn’t

use the magnifying glass.

VII. CONCLUSION

This laboratory work is intended to determine flash point and burning

point from all types of crude oil except fuel oil and the other types that

has flash point of open cup less than 79o C according to PA-0303-76,

AASHTO T-48-81 and ASTM D -92 -02).

It has purposes to predict the maximum temperature of the heating

asphalt so the asphalt is not burned.

To get the flash and burning point we have some factors, those are

influenced by the adjustment of the flame, the speed of heating and the

accuracy of temperature and time reading.

At the temperature of 320 oC flash point was seen.

At the temperature of 326 oC burning point was seen.

VIII. APPENDIX

Picture 5.Cleveland Cup Picture 6. The asphalt is being boiled Picture 7. Burning Point

IX. REFERENCES

http://sipilworld.blogspot.co.id/2013/02/pengujian-titik-nyala-dan-titik-

bakar.html

http://em-ridho.blogspot.co.id/2012/01/laporan-praktikum-pengujian-titik-

nyala.html

Module of Pavement Design Laboratory Work from Civil Engineering

Department, University of Indonesia, Depok