review#4 minerals
DESCRIPTION
EARTH SCI REVIEWTRANSCRIPT
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L.O: REVIEW MINERALS & ROCKS
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MINERALS ARE NATURALLY OCURRING, INORGANIC SOLIDS.
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EARTH’S ROCKS ARE MADE MINERALS
THERE ARE OVER 2000 MINERALS, BUT A DOZEN ARE COMMON.
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Hard rocks are made of hard minerals. Softer rocks of soft minerals
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Which rock strata is made of the hardest (most resistant to weathering) minerals? How do you know?
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Which rock strata is made of the softest (least resistant to weathering) minerals? How do you know?
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Most minerals are made of the same elements: especially oxygen & silicon
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THE DOZEN COMMON MINERALS ARE CALLED: THE ROCK FORMERS.
BECAUSE MOST OF EARTH’S ROCKS ARE MADE FROM THEM.
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MINERALS GET THEIR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES FROM THE INTERNAL ATOMIC (CRYSTALLINE)
ARRANGEMENT OF THEIR ATOMS.
EX: DIAMONDS AND GRAPHITE ARE PURE CARBON ATOMS, BUT HAVE VERY DIFFERENT PROPERTIES BECAUSE THEIR
CARBON ATOMS ARE ARRANGED DIFFERNTLY.
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MANY, MANY, MANY MINERALS ARE USEFULL TO HUMANS BECAUSE OF THEIR UNIQUE
PHYSICAL PROPERTIES.
SEE PAGE 15 OF YOUR EARTH SCIE CE REFERENCE TABLE.
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SCIENTISTS IDENTIFY MINERALS THROUGH THEIR PHYSICAL AND CHEMICAL PROPERTIES.
• COLOR• HARDNESS• STREAK• LUSTER• CLEAVAGE• SPECIAL PROPERTIES.
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On the regents, I will use cleavage/fracture, luster, streak and hardness to identify one mineral.
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COLOR
• Some minerals can be identified by their color ex: sulfur is always yellow.
• Color is NOT very useful because some minerals come in different colors. Ex: quartz comes in 7 colors
• Sometimes very different minerals have the same color. Gold and pyrite are bright yellow.
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Hardness: the ability of a mineral to resist being scratched.
Hard minerals scratch soft minerals.
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On the regents I will scratch my mineral on a glass plate….
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If my mineral is harder than glass, it will scratch the glass plate….
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If my mineral is softer than glass, it won’t scratch the glass plate….
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Moh’s scale lists the hardness of some minerals
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Moh’s scale is used to determine the hardness of unknown minerals
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Streak: is the powder residue when a mineral is rubbed on a bathroom tile
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A mineral’s Streak is like a “finger print”. Its streak is always the SAME color.
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On the regents I will see if my mineral leaves a colored streak or non-colored (white ) streak
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Cleavage and fracture: how mineral breaks into pieces.
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Cleavage: minerals breaks into smooth or flat pieces
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fracture: minerals breaks into uneven pieces
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On the regents, I will see if my mineral shows cleavage or fracture.
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Luster: the shininess of the mineral. If the mineral shines like metal, glass or dull (no
shine).
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Metallic luster: shines like metal
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non-metallic (glassy) luster: looks like glass
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Dull luster: does not shine.
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On the regents, I will see if my mineral has a metallic luster or non-metallic luster.
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Special properties
• The mineral sulfur has a rotten egg smell.• Biotite mica looks like plastic.• Halite tastes salty• Calcium carbonate fizzes with acid.
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I will use page 15 of the ESRT to identify minerals.
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Turn to page 191 of your green workbook