review status of orchid taxonomy research in the …

STATUS OF ORCHID TAXONOMY RESEARCHIN THE PHILIPPINES

Esperanza Maribel G. AgooBiology Department, De La Salle University-Manila

Orchidaceae is the largest of the monocotyledonous families in the Philip-pines. There are over 137 genera and about 998 species of orchids so far re-corded for the archipelago. This represents about 10% of the total flora of thePhilippines. The Philippines ranks second to New Guinea in occurrence of en-demic species in the Malesian region. The monotypic endemic genera of orchidsare Ceratocentron, Megalotus, Phragmorchis, and Schuitemania. Bogoria,Chelonistele, Lepidogyne, Omoea, Orchipedum are Malesian endemics repre-sented in the Philippines by one species each. The largest genera are Bulbophyllum(137 species), Dendrochilum (89 species), Dendrobium (85 species), Eria (54species), Liparis (38 species), and Malaxis (33 species).

Orchid collecting started in the Philippines as early as the Spanish times bySpanish missionaries like I. Mercado, G. Kamel, J. Blanco, Llanos, Fernandez-Villar, and Naves. Other notable collectors or expeditions were P. Sonnerat, THaenke and L. Nee (Malaspina Expedition), A. von Chamisso (Romassoff), S.Perrottet (Le Rhone), H. Cuming, A. Loher, F.J.F. Meyen (Princess Louise ofPrussia), C. Gaudichaude-Beaupre (La Bonite Expedition), Wilkes Expedition,and the Challenger. This was also the time when horticultural companies broughtplants to Europe for trade (Mendoza, 1959).

Collectors of the the Forestry Bureau in the 19th century, then the Bureau ofGovernment Laboratories, and finally the Bureau of Science amassed a hugecollection of specimens for the herbarium. The close collaboration of E. Merrilland O. Ames at Harvard University resulted to several new species for thePhilippines. Duplicate specimens of all orchid collections were also sent to Dr.Ames. E. Quisumbing, D.R. Mendoza, M. Ramos, G. Edano, M.D. Sulit, P.Convocar, and M. Celestino were the prolific Filipino collectors for the herbariumof the Bureau of Science. Their foreign counterparts then were E.D. Merrill, A.D.Elmer, E.B. Copeland, H.M. Curran, C. Wenzel, M. Jacobs, C. Frake, H. Conklin,H. Taylor, B.B. Britton, R.B. Fox, M.L. Steiner, K.B. Day, J. & M.S. Clemens,among others.

In 1991-2000, the Flora of the Philippines Project, an initiative to exten-sively document the plants of the Philippines also contributed immensely to theorchid collections of the herbarium. This project was funded by the US NationalScience Foundation and USAID, through the Bishop Museum, Hawaii and later

Philippine Journal of Systematic Biology Vol. I, No. 1 (June 2007)

Review

the Botanical Research Institute of Texas. Duplicate specimens were distributedto the University of the Philippines at Los Banos, US National Herbarium, HarvardUniversity Herbarium, Royal Botanic Gardens at Kew, National Herbarium ofthe Netherlands, Bogor Herbarium, and Singapore Botanic Gardens.

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Inspite of these efforts, only about 50% of the genera and 20% of the speciesknown for the Philippines are represented in the PNH (Figure 1).


Figure 1. Collecting effort of the PNH through the decades

Figure 2. Comparison of species and genera of orchids known fromliterature and as represented at the PNH


This underscores the need to access the Philippine specimens in foreign her-baria for orchid studies. In the task to revise Trichoglottis, a fairly large genus,loans of specimens from AMES, NY, K, and US were invaluable. Most of thetype specimens can be found in AMES where Merrill sent most of the specimensduring his time (Figure 3).

Moreover, many of the specimens were noted to be deposited in AMES, K,PNH, US, NY, L, UC, BO, and CAHUP (Figure 4A). Each of these herbariaproved to be equally valuable as each have few to many specimens which maynot have duplicates in other herbaria (Figure 4B).

Figure 4A. Distribution of Trichoglottis specimens in different herbaria;B. Distribution of unicate Trichoglottis specimens in different herbaria

Priority Sites and Genera for CollectionCollecting effort should be intensified to add more specimens to the PNH.

These should be made particularly in islands where there are no or few represen-tative specimens at the PNH. Priority sites should include Catanduanes, Siquijor,Burias, Northern and Southern Palawan Islands, among others. Other sites whichshould be recollected are Luzon, Mindanao, Mindoro, Palawan, Panay, Negros,and Samar.

Figure 3. Distribution of type specimens of Trichoglottis in different herbaria

A B


Genera which are not represented in the PNH by any specimen should begiven high priority. These include Abdominea, Amesiella, Ania, Aphyllorchis,Apostasia, Arachnis, Ascocentrum, Ascoglossum. Bogoria, Brachypeza,Bromheadia, Cephalantheropsis, Ceratocentron, Corybas, Cymbidium,Cystorchis, Didymoplexis, Diplocaulobium, Disperis, Epigeneium, Erythrodes,Erythrorchis, Galeola, Gastrochilus, Geodorum, Glomera, Grosourdya,Hippeophyllum, Hylophila, Hymenorchis, Kuhlhasseltia, Lecanorchis, Ludisia,Luisia, Macodes, Macropodanthus, Microsaccus, Myrmechis, Nephelaphyllum,Octarrhena, Oeceoclades, Omoea, Orchipedum, Pachystoma, Pennilabium,Phragmorchis, Pilophyllum, Platanthera, Plocoglottis, Poaephyllum,Pomatocalpa, Preptanthe, Pristiglottis, Pseudovanilla, Rhomboda, Sarcanthus,Schoenorchis, Stereochilus, Stereosandra, Thecostele, Thelymitra, Tropidia,Tuberolabium, Vandopsis, Vexillabium, and Zeuxine.Priority Genera for Revision

Recent revisions on Philippine orchids are Dendrochilum (Petersen, 1994)and Trichoglottis (Agoo, 2002), and Pomatocalpa (Watthana, 2005). Dendrobium,Aerides, Liparis, Coelogyne, and are being worked out. Other genera which needa modern revision are Bulbophyllum, Phalaeonopsis, Malaxis, Eria, Appendicula,Phalaenopsis, Oberonia, Phreatia, and Thrixspermum, among others.

Other Activities

Publication. Checklists, popular articles, and scientific articles in print andCDROM materials are being pursued. Significant contributions were bookpublications by Valmayor (1984), Golamco (1991), Fessel and Balzer (1999),and Cootes (2001). These include descriptions, local distribution data, and fullcolor photographs of species. A CD on Philippine orchid genera by Agoo et al.(2003) also presents interactive identification keys, description, and full colorphotographs of the genera of Philippine orchids. A checklist of Philippine orchidspecies and a literature module are also provided.

Improvement of the PNH Orchid Library. Copies of literature on Philippineorchids have been acquired and maintained at the PNH. There are a few otherhistorical and modern literature which have to be obtained from other libraries inthe US and Europe.

Development of a Digitized Reference Collection on Philippine Orchids.Photographs of type specimens found in AMES, US, KEW, and L are beingacquired which will then be be made available electronically.

Training. Potential source of manpower for orchid taxonomic research andsupport are students and orchid hobbyists. Given the proper training on specimencollection and processing techniques, orchid description, and basic taxonomicresearch, they can contribute significantly to the knowledge on Philippine orchids.

Conservation of Orchids. At present, eighteen (18) Philippine orchid speciesare included in the 2006 IUCN List of Threatened Species. These species wereassessed by Agoo et al. (2004) and evaluated by the Philippine Plant Specialist


Group and Orchid Specialist Group. A resume of each of the species whichinclude nomenclature, taxonomy, and ecology was prepared for the purpose.Literature Cited:Agoo, E.M.G., Schuiteman A., de Vogel E.F. 2003. Orchids of the Philippines

Volume I: Illustrated Checklist and Genera (CD ROM). ETI and NHN, theNetherlands.

Agoo, E.M.G. 2002. Systematic Studies of Philippine Trichoglottis Blume(Orchidaceae). Ph.D. Dissertation. De La Salle University, Manila.

Agoo, E.M.G., Cootes, J., Golamco, A. Jr., de Vogel, E.F. and Tiu, D. 2004.Aerides lawrenciae, Aerides leeanum, Amesiella philippensis, Ascoglossumcalopterum,Ceratocentron fesselii, Dendrobium sanderae, Epigeneiumtreacherianum, Gastrochilus calceolaris, Paphiopedilum adductum,Paphiopedilum ciliolare, Paphiopedilum fowliei, Paphiopedilumurbanianum, Phalaenopsis lindenii, Phalaenopsis micholitzii, Vandajavierae, Vanda scandens. In: IUCN 2004. 2004 IUCN Red List ofThreatened Species. www.redlist.org.

Cootes, J. 2001. The Orchids of the Philippines. Times Editions, Singapore.Fessel, H.J. and Balzer, P. 1999. A Selection of Philippine Native Orchids.

VisCA-GTZ applied Tropical Ecology Program, Visayas College of Agricul-ture, Baybay, Leyte, and Times Editions, Singapore.

Golamco, A. 1991. Philippines’ Book on Orchids. Jemma Inc., Cainta, Rizal.Golamco, A. Jr. 2002. Paphiopedilum haynaldianum var. laurae Golamco var.

nov. A new variety from Cebu, Visayas Island, Philippines. Waling-WalingReview 10(1):36-39.

Kurzwell, H. 2005. Taxonomic studies in the genus Disperis (Orchidaceae) inSoutheast Asia. Blumea 50 (1):143-152.

Lubag-Arquiza, A.M. 2006. Spathoglottis palawanensis and Spathoglottisphilippinensis. Two new orchid species from the Philippines. Orchid Digest.70(3):170-173.

Lubag-Arquiza, A.M. and Christenson, E. 2006. Validation of Dendrobiumsibuyanense. Orchid Digest 70(3):174.

Mendoza, D.R. 1959. Philippine orchid collectors. Philippine Orchid Review:17-36.

Rice, R. and Wood, J. 2003. Two new species of Renanthera from Borneo andthe Philippines and nomenclatural changes in Renantherella. Orchid Review111 :344-355.

Valmayor, H.L. 1984. Orchidiana Philippiniana I-II. Eugenio Lopez Founda-tion, Manila.

Watthana, S. 2005. Systematics and Ecology of the genus Pomatocalpa Breda(Orchidaceae). Botanical Garden and Museum of Natural History ofDenmark. University of Copenhagen. (Ph.D. Dissertation).

AbdomineaAbdominea minimiflora (Hook.f.)

J.J.Sm.Acanthephippium

Acanthephippium mantinianumL.Linden & Cogn.

Acanthephippium sylhetense Lindl.Acriopsis

Acriopsis indica WightAcriopsis liliifolia (J.Koenig)

OrmerodAerides

Aerides augustianum RolfeAerides burbidgei Rchb.f. ex Burb.Aerides cylindricum Boxall ex

Náves in BlancoAerides larpenta Boxall ex Náves

in the BlancoAerides lawrenciae Rchb.f.Aerides lawrenciae Rchb.f. var.

fortichii Ames & Quisumb.Aerides lawrenciae Rchb.f. var.

punctata Ames & Quisumb.Aerides leeanum Rchb.f.Aerides margaritaceum Boxall ex

Náves in BlancoAerides mendellii Boxall ex NávesAerides odoratum Lour.Aerides quinquevulnera Lindl.Aerides savageanum Sander ex

VeitchAerides shibatianum Boxall ex

NávesAglossorhycha

Aglossorhyncha sp.Agrostophyllum

Agrostophyllum elmeri AmesAgrostophyllum elongatum (Ridl.)

Schuit.Agrostophyllum glumaceum

Hook.f.Agrostophyllum inocephalum

(Schauer) Ames

Agrostophyllum leytense AmesAgrostophyllum longivaginatum

AmesAgrostophyllum luzonense Ames &

Quisumb.Agrostophyllum malindangenseAgrostophyllum mearnsii AmesAgrostophyllum merrillii AmesAgrostophyllum mindanaense AmesAgrostophyllum philippinense

AmesAgrostophyllum saccatilabium

Ames & Quisumb.Agrostophyllum stipulatum (Griff.)

Schltr.Amesiella

Amesiella minor SenghasAmesiella monticola Cootes &

D.P.BanksAmesiella philippinensis (Ames)

GarayAnoetochilus

Anoectochilus argyroneurumBoxall ex Náves

Anoectochilus bullenii Boxall exNáves

Anoectochilus dayi Boxall exNáves

Anoectochilus intermedium Boxallex Náves

Anoectochilus sp.Aphyllorchis

Aphyllorchis halconensis AmesAphyllorchis montana Rchb.f.Aphyllorchis pallida Blume

ApostasiaApostasia nuda R.Br.

Apostasia wallichii R.Br.Appendicula

Appendicula alba BlumeAppendicula anceps BlumeAppendicula buxifolia Blume

LIST OF ORCHIDS IN THE PHILIPPINES(Updated from Agoo et al. 2003)


Appendicula clemensiae (Ames)Ames

Appendicula cornuta BlumeAppendicula crotalina (Ames)

Schltr.Appendicula cuneata AmesAppendicula elmeri (Ames) AmesAppendicula fenixii (Ames) Schltr.Appendicula irigensis AmesAppendicula leytensis AmesAppendicula lucbanensis (Ames)

AmesAppendicula luzonensis (Ames)

AmesAppendicula malindangensis

(Ames) Schltr.Appendicula maquilingensis AmesAppendicula merrillii AmesAppendicula micrantha Lindl.Appendicula negrosiana (Ames)

AmesAppendicula pendula BlumeAppendicula perplexa (Ames)

AmesAppendicula polyantha AmesAppendicula reflexa BlumeAppendicula tagalensium KraenzlAppendicula undulata Blume var.

longicalcarata (Rolfe) AmesAppendicula weberi AmesAppendicula xytriophora Rchb.f. in

Seem.Arachnis

Arachnis flosaeris (L.) Rchb.f.Arachnis longicaulis (Schltr.)

L.O.WilliamsAscocentrum

Ascocentrum aurantiacum (Schltr.)Schltr. subsp. philippinenseChristenson

Ascocentrum miniatum (Lindl.)Schltr.

AscochilusAscochilus calceolaris (Teijsm. &

Binn.) Garay

Ascochilus emarginatus (Blume)Schuit.

Ascochilus leytensis (Ames) GarayAscoglossum

Ascoglossum calopterum (Rchb.f.)Schltr.

BogoriaBogoria merrillii (Ames) Garay

BrachypezaBrachypeza zamboangensis (Ames)

GarayBromhedia

Bromheadia alticola Ridl.Bromheadia devogelii Kruiz.Bromheadia finlaysoniana (Lindl.)

Miq.Bulbophyllum

Bulbophyllum absconditum J.J.Sm.Bulbophyllum aeolium AmesBulbophyllum aestivale AmesBulbophyllum alagense AmesBulbophyllum alboroseum AmesBulbophyllum alsiosum AmesBulbophyllum antenniferum

(Lindl.) Rchb.f.Bulbophyllum apodum Hook.f.Bulbophyllum apoense Schuit. & de

VogelBulbophyllum arrectum KraenzlBulbophyllum auratum (Lindl.)

Rchb.f.Bulbophyllum aurecemum Boxall

ex NávesBulbophyllum balaeniceps Rchb.f.Bulbophyllum basisetum J.J.Sm.Bulbophyllum bataanense AmesBulbophyllum baucoense AmesBulbophyllum biflorum Teijsm. &

Binn.Bulbophyllum bolsteri AmesBulbophyllum bontocense AmesBulbophyllum braccatum Rchb.f.Bulbophyllum brevibrachiatum

(Schltr.) J.J.Sm.


Bulbophyllum calophyllumL.O.Williams

Bulbophyllum canlaonense AmesBulbophyllum carunculatum Garay,

Hamer & SiegeristBulbophyllum catenulatum KraenzlBulbophyllum cephalophorum

Garay, Hamer & SiegeristBulbophyllum cheiri Lindl.Bulbophyllum chrysendetum AmesBulbophyllum chryseum (Kraenzl)

AmesBulbophyllum clandestinum Lindl.Bulbophyllum cleistogamum Ridl.Bulbophyllum clemensiae AmesBulbophyllum colubrimodum AmesBulbophyllum coniferum Ridl.Bulbophyllum cootesii M.A.Clem.Bulbophyllum cornutum (Blume)

Rchb.f.Bulbophyllum costatum AmesBulbophyllum cryptophoranthus

GarayBulbophyllum cubicum AmesBulbophyllum cumingii (Lindl.)

Rchb.f.Bulbophyllum cuneatum Rolfe ex

AmesBulbophyllum cupreum Lindl.Bulbophyllum curranii AmesBulbophyllum dagamense AmesBulbophyllum dasypetalum Rolfe

ex AmesBulbophyllum dearei (Hort.)

Rchb.f.Bulbophyllum debrincatiae

J.J.Verm.Bulbophyllum deceptum AmesBulbophyllum dentiferum Ridl.Bulbophyllum dissolutum AmesBulbophyllum dolichoblepharon

(Schltr.) J.J.Sm.Bulbophyllum doryphoroides Ames

Bulbophyllum ebracteolatumKraenzl

Bulbophyllum echinochilumKraenzl

Bulbophyllum elassoglossumSiegerist

Bulbophyllum elmeri AmesBulbophyllum elongatum (Blume)

Hassk.Bulbophyllum emiliorum Ames &

Quisumb.Bulbophyllum erosipetalum

C.Schweinf.Bulbophyllum erratum AmesBulbophyllum escritorii AmesBulbophyllum exile AmesBulbophyllum exquisitum AmesBulbophyllum facetum Garay,

Hamer & SiegeristBulbophyllum fenixii AmesBulbophyllum filicoides AmesBulbophyllum flavescens (Blume)

Lindl.Bulbophyllum flavofimbriatum

J.J.Sm.Bulbophyllum gimagaanense AmesBulbophyllum glandulosum AmesBulbophyllum gnomoniferum AmesBulbophyllum goebelianum KraenzlBulbophyllum gusdorfii J.J.Sm.Bulbophyllum halconense AmesBulbophyllum invisum AmesBulbophyllum kittredgei (Garay,

Hamer & Siegerist) J.J.Verm.Bulbophyllum lancifolium AmesBulbophyllum lancilabium AmesBulbophyllum lancipetalum AmesBulbophyllum lasioglossum Rolfe

ex AmesBulbophyllum lasiopetalum KraenzlBulbophyllum laxiflorum (Blume)

Lindl.Bulbophyllum leibergii Ames &

Rolfe


Bulbophyllum lepantense AmesBulbophyllum lepidum (Blume)

J.J.Sm.Bulbophyllum leptocaulon KraenzlBulbophyllum levanae AmesBulbophyllum levanae Ames var.

giganteum Quisumb. &C.Schweinf.

Bulbophyllum leytense AmesBulbophyllum lipense AmesBulbophyllum lobbii Lindl.Bulbophyllum loherianum

(Kraenzl) AmesBulbophyllum longiflorum ThouarsBulbophyllum longipetiolatum

AmesBulbophyllum macranthum Lindl.Bulbophyllum maculatum Boxall ex

NávesBulbophyllum maculosum AmesBulbophyllum makoyanum

(Rchb.f.) Ridl.Bulbophyllum maquilingense Ames

& Quisumb.Bulbophyllum marivelense AmesBulbophyllum masaganapense

AmesBulbophyllum maxillare (Lindl.)

Rchb.f.Bulbophyllum mearnsii AmesBulbophyllum melanoglossum

KraenzlBulbophyllum membranifolium

Hook.f.Bulbophyllum merrittii AmesBulbophyllum mindorense AmesBulbophyllum monstrabile AmesBulbophyllum mutabile (Blume)

Lindl.Bulbophyllum nasseri GarayBulbophyllum negrosianum AmesBulbophyllum nemorale

L.O.Williams

Bulbophyllum nymphopolitanumKraenzl

Bulbophyllum odoratum (Blume)Lindl.

Bulbophyllum orthoglossumKraenzl

Bulbophyllum othonis (Kuntze)J.J.Sm.

Bulbophyllum pampangense AmesBulbophyllum papillipetalum AmesBulbophyllum papulosum GarayBulbophyllum pardalotum Garay,

Hamer & SiegeristBulbophyllum pauciflorum AmesBulbophyllum penduliscapum

J.J.Sm.Bulbophyllum peramoenum AmesBulbophyllum piestoglossum

J.J.Verm.Bulbophyllum pleurothalloides

AmesBulbophyllum plumatum AmesBulbophyllum puguahaanense

AmesBulbophyllum putidum (Teijsm. &

Binn.) J.J.Sm.Bulbophyllum recurvilabre GarayBulbophyllum reilloi AmesBulbophyllum reticulatum Boxall

ex NávesBulbophyllum rhizomatosum Ames

& C.Schweinf.Bulbophyllum santosii AmesBulbophyllum sapphirinum AmesBulbophyllum saurocephalum

Rchb.f.Bulbophyllum savaiense Schltr.

subsp. subcubicum (J.J.Sm.)J.J.Verm.

Bulbophyllum schefferi (Kuntze)Schltr.

Bulbophyllum sempiternum AmesBulbophyllum sensile Ames



Bulbophyllum sibuyanense AmesBulbophyllum stellatum AmesBulbophyllum subaequale AmesBulbophyllum superfluum KraenzlBulbophyllum surigaense Ames &

Quisumb.Bulbophyllum tenuifolium (Blume)

Lindl.Bulbophyllum toppingii AmesBulbophyllum tortuosum (Blume)

Lindl.Bulbophyllum trigonosepalum

KraenzlBulbophyllum trisetum AmesBulbophyllum unguiculatum

Rchb.f.Bulbophyllum uniflorum (Blume)

Hassk.Bulbophyllum vagans Ames &

RolfeBulbophyllum vaginatum (Lindl.)

Rchb.f.Bulbophyllum vermiculare Hook.f.Bulbophyllum weberi AmesBulbophyllum whitfordii Rolfe ex

AmesBulbophyllum williamsii

A.D.HawkesBulbophyllum woelfliae Garay,

Senghas & LemckeBulbophyllum zambalense AmesBulbophyllum zamboangense Ames

CadetiaCadetia microphyton

(L.O.Williams) ChristensonCalanthe

Calanthe angustifolia (Blume)Lindl.

Calanthe conspicua Lindl.Calanthe davaensis AmesCalanthe elmeri AmesCalanthe halconensis AmesCalanthe hennisii LoherCalanthe jusnerii Boxall ex Náves

Calanthe lacerata AmesCalanthe lyroglossa Rchb.f.Calanthe maquilingensis AmesCalanthe masuca Boxall ex NávesCalanthe mcgregorii AmesCalanthe mindorensis AmesCalanthe nivalis Boxall ex NávesCalanthe pulchra (Blume) Lindl.Calanthe rubens Ridl.Calanthe triplicata (Willemet)

AmesCalanthe vestita Lindl.

CamarotisCamarotis purpurea Boxall ex

NávesCephalantheropsis

Cephalantheropsis gracilis (Lindl.)S.Y.Hu

Cephalantheropsis halconensis(Ames) S.S.Ying

Cephalantheropsis longipes(Hook.f.) Ormerod

Cephalantheropsis obcordata(Lindl.) Ormerod

CeratocentronCeratocentron fesselii Senghas

CeratostylisCeratostylis caespitosa

L.O.WilliamsCeratostylis dataensis AmesCeratostylis elmeri AmesCeratostylis incognita J.T.Atwood

& BecknerCeratostylis loheri L.O.WilliamsCeratostylis mindanaensis AmesCeratostylis philippinensis Rolfe ex

AmesCeratostylis ramosa Ames & RolfeCeratostylis retisquama Rchb.f.Ceratostylis senilis Rchb.f.Ceratostylis subulata BlumeCeratostylis wenzelii Ames

ChamaeanthusChamaeanthus brachystachys

Schltr.

CheirostylisCheirostylis chinensis RolfeCheirostylis merrillii (Ames &

Quisumb.) OrmerodCheirostylis octodactyla Ames

ChelonisteleChelonistele sulphurea (Blume)

PfitzerChrysoglossum

Chrysoglossum ornatum BlumeCleisostoma

Cleisostoma chrysochilum KraenzlCleisostoma duplicilobum (J.J.Sm.)

GarayCleisostoma sagittatum BlumeCleisostoma striolatum (Rchb.f.)

GarayCleisostoma subulatum BlumeCleisostoma uraiense (Hayata)

Garay & H.R.SweetCleisostoma weberi (Ames) Garay

CoelogyneCoelogyne asperata Lindl.Coelogyne bilamellata Lindl.Coelogyne candoonensis AmesCoelogyne chloroptera Rchb.f.Coelogyne ciliata Boxall ex NávesCoelogyne confusa AmesCoelogyne elmeri AmesCoelogyne integerrima AmesCoelogyne loheri RolfeCoelogyne longirachis AmesCoelogyne marmorata Rchb.f.Coelogyne merrillii AmesCoelogyne minutissima KraenzlCoelogyne palawanensis AmesCoelogyne pandurata Lindl.Coelogyne quinquelamellata AmesCoelogyne remediosiae Ames &

Quisumb.Coelogyne rochussenii de VrieseCoelogyne sparsa Rchb.f.Coelogyne swaniana RolfeCoelogyne usitana Roeth &

O.Gruss

Coelogyne vanoverberghii AmesCoelogyne viscosa Boxall ex Náves

CollabiumCollabium formosanum Hayata

CordiglottisCordiglottis filiformis (Hook.f.)

GarayCorybas

Corybas laceratus L.O.WilliamsCorybas merrillii (Ames) AmesCorybas ramosianus J.Dransf.

CorymborkisCorymborkis veratrifolia

(Reinw.) BlumeCryptostylis

Cryptostylis acutata J.J.Sm.Cryptostylis arachnites (Blume)

Hassk.Cryptostylis taiwaniana Masam.

CymbidiumCymbidium aliciae Quisumb.Cymbidium atropurpureum

(Lindl.) RolfeCymbidium bicolor Lindl. subsp.

pubescens (Lindl.) Du Puy &P.J.Cribb

Cymbidium cyperifolium Wall. exLindl. subsp. indochinense DuPuy & P.J.Cribb

Cymbidium dayanum Rchb.f.Cymbidium ensifolium (L.) Sw.Cymbidium finlaysonianum

Lindl.Cymbidium huttonii Boxall ex

NávesCyrtosia

Cyrtosia sp.Cystorchis

Cystorchis aphylla Ridl.Cystorchis javanica (Blume) BlumeCystorchis luzonensis Ames

DendrobiumDendrobium aclinia Rchb.f.Dendrobium acuminatissimum

(Blume) Lindl.


Dendrobium elmeri AmesDendrobium equitans KraenzlDendrobium escritorii AmesDendrobium fairchildiae Ames &

Quisumb.Dendrobium gerlandianum KraenzlDendrobium goldschmidtianum

KraenzlDendrobium guerreroi Ames &

Quisumb.Dendrobium hercoglossum Rchb.f.Dendrobium heterocarpum Wall. ex

Lindl.Dendrobium hymenanthum Rchb.f.Dendrobium indivisum (Blume)

Miq.Dendrobium ionopus Rchb.f.Dendrobium junceum Lindl.Dendrobium leytense AmesDendrobium linguella Rchb.f.Dendrobium lunatum Lindl.Dendrobium luzonense Lindl.Dendrobium macrophyllum A.RichDendrobium marivelense AmesDendrobium merrillii AmesDendrobium milaniae Fessel &

LückelDendrobium mindanaense AmesDendrobium miyasakii Ames &

Quisumb.Dendrobium modestum Rchb.f.Dendrobium philippinense AmesDendrobium phillipsii Ames &

Quisumb.Dendrobium planibulbe Lindl.Dendrobium platycaulon RolfeDendrobium polytrichum AmesDendrobium pristinum AmesDendrobium profusum Rchb.f.Dendrobium pseudoequitans Fessel

& LückelDendrobium quisumbingii

A.D.Hawkes & A.H.HellerDendrobium ramosii Ames

Dendrobium agusanense AmesDendrobium albayense AmesDendrobium album Boxall ex

NávesDendrobium aliciae Ames &

Quisumb.Dendrobium aloifolium (Blume)

Rchb.f.Dendrobium amethystoglossum

Rchb.f.Dendrobium anosmum Lindl.Dendrobium aphyllum (Roxb.)

C.E.C.Fisch.Dendrobium auriculatum Ames &

Quisumb.Dendrobium balzerianum Fessel &

LückelDendrobium basilanense AmesDendrobium bicaudatum Reinw. ex

Lindl.Dendrobium blanche-amesii

A.D.Hawkes & A.H.HellerDendrobium blumei Lindl.Dendrobium bukidnonense Ames &

Quisumb.Dendrobium bullenianum Rchb.f.Dendrobium bunuanense AmesDendrobium cabadbarense AmesDendrobium carinatum (L.) Willd.Dendrobium ceraula Rchb.f.Dendrobium cerinum Rchb.f.Dendrobium chameleon AmesDendrobium compactum RolfeDendrobium conanthum Schltr.Dendrobium crassimarginatum

L.O.WilliamsDendrobium crumenatum Sw.Dendrobium cultratum Schltr.Dendrobium dayanum Boxall ex

NávesDendrobium dearei Rchb.f.Dendrobium diffusum

L.O.WilliamsDendrobium distichum (Presl)

Rchb.f.


Dendrobium salaccense (Blume)Lindl.

Dendrobium sanderae RolfeDendrobium sanderae Rolfe var.

parviflorum Anschuetz exQuisumb.

Dendrobium sanderae Rolfe var.surigaense Quisumb.

Dendrobium sanguinolentum Lindl.Dendrobium schuetzei RolfeDendrobium secundum (Blume)

Lindl.Dendrobium sibuyanense Lubag-

Arquiza Lubag-Arquiza, Naranja,Baldos, & Sacdalan

DendrochilumDendrochilum abortum (Ames)

L.O.WilliamsDendrochilum affine AmesDendrochilum amesianum

H.A.PedersenDendrochilum anfractum (Ames)

PfitzerDendrochilum anfractum (Ames)

Pfitzer var. anfractoides (Ames)L.O.Williams

Dendrochilum apiculatum (Ames)L.O.Williams

Dendrochilum apoense T.Hashim.Dendrochilum arachnites Rchb.f.Dendrochilum asperum

L.O.WilliamsDendrochilum auriculare AmesDendrochilum binuangense AmesDendrochilum cinnabarinum

Pfitzer in Engl.Dendrochilum cinnabarinum

Pfitzer var. sanguineum (Ames)H.A.Pedersen

Dendrochilum cobbianum Rchb.f.Dendrochilum convallariaeforme

SchauerDendrochilum convallariaeforme

Schauer var. minor (Ames)H.A.Pedersen

Dendrochilum cootesiiH.A.Pedersen

Dendrochilum copelandii (Ames)Ames

Dendrochilum cordatumH.A.Pedersen

Dendrochilum curranii AmesDendrochilum curranii Ames var.

serratoi (Ames) L.O.WilliamsDendrochilum cymbiforme AmesDendrochilum ecallosum AmesDendrochilum edanoi Quisumb.Dendrochilum elmeri AmesDendrochilum exiguum (Ames)

H.A.PedersenDendrochilum exile AmesDendrochilum eximium (Ames)

L.O.WilliamsDendrochilum filiforme Lindl.Dendrochilum flexuosum

H.A.PedersenDendrochilum foxworthyi AmesDendrochilum glumaceum Lindl.Dendrochilum graciliscapum

(Ames) PfitzerDendrochilum graminifolium

(Ames) PfitzerDendrochilum hastatum AmesDendrochilum hutchinsonianum

AmesDendrochilum irigense AmesDendrochilum javieri L.K.Magrath,

Bulmer & I.ShaferDendrochilum kingii (Hook.f.)

J.J.Sm.Dendrochilum latifolium Lindl.Dendrochilum latifolium Lindl. var.

macranthum (Schltr.)H.A.Pedersen

Dendrochilum loheri AmesDendrochilum longibulbum AmesDendrochilum longifolium Rchb.f.Dendrochilum longilabre (Ames)

Pfitzer


Dendrochilum philippinense(Ames) Pfitzer var. purpureum(Ames) H.A.Pedersen

Dendrochilum plocoglottoidesH.A.Pedersen

Dendrochilum prodigiosum AmesDendrochilum propinquum AmesDendrochilum pulcherrimum

(Ames) L.O.WilliamsDendrochilum pulogense AmesDendrochilum pumilum Rchb.f.Dendrochilum pumilum Rchb.f. var.

recurvum (Ames) H.A.PedersenDendrochilum quadrilobum AmesDendrochilum quisumbingianum

H.A.PedersenDendrochilum reniforme AmesDendrochilum rhombophorum

(Rchb.f.) AmesDendrochilum rotundilabium

L.O.WilliamsDendrochilum saccolabium KraenzlDendrochilum schweinfurthianum

(Ames) L.O.WilliamsDendrochilum simulacrum AmesDendrochilum smithianum (Ames)

L.O.WilliamsDendrochilum stenophyllum

L.O.WilliamsDendrochilum tenellum (Nees &

Meyen) AmesDendrochilum tenuibulbum (Ames)

L.O.WilliamsDendrochilum tenuifolium (Ames)

Pfitzer in Engl.Dendrochilum tetradactyliferum

H.A.PedersenDendrochilum turpe (Ames) PfitzerDendrochilum uncatum Rchb.f.Dendrochilum uncatum Rchb.f. var.

longispicatum (Ames)H.A.Pedersen

Dendrochilum unicallosumL.O.Williams

Dendrochilum louisianumH.A.Pedersen

Dendrochilum luzonense AmesDendrochilum magnum Rchb.f.Dendrochilum maleolens KraenzlDendrochilum malindangense

AmesDendrochilum marginatum (Ames)

L.O.WilliamsDendrochilum mcgregorii AmesDendrochilum mearnsii AmesDendrochilum merrillii (Ames)

PfitzerDendrochilum microchilum

(Schltr.) AmesDendrochilum mindanaense

(Ames) L.O.WilliamsDendrochilum mindorense AmesDendrochilum niveum AmesDendrochilum ocellatum (Ames)

PfitzerDendrochilum oliganthum (Ames)

PfitzerDendrochilum oreophilum (Ames)

L.O.WilliamsDendrochilum pallideflavens

BlumeDendrochilum pangasinanense

AmesDendrochilum parvipapillatum

H.A.PedersenDendrochilum parvulum (Ames)

PfitzerDendrochilum parvulum (Ames)

Pfitzer var. strictiforme (Ames)H.A.Pedersen

Dendrochilum perplexum (Ames)L.O.Williams

Dendrochilum perplexum (Ames)L.O.Williams var. montanum(Ames) H.A.Pedersen

Dendrochilum philippinense(Ames) Pfitzer


Dendrochilum unicorne (Ames)L.O.Williams

Dendrochilum vanoverberghiiAmes

Dendrochilum wenzelii AmesDendrochilum williamsii (Ames)

PfitzerDendrochilum woodianum AmesDendrochilum yuccaefolium

L.O.WilliamsDidymoplexis

Didymoplexis pallens Griff.Didymoplexis philippinensis Ames

DiglyphosaDiglyphosa latifolia Blume

DilochiaDilochia elmeri Ames in Elmer

DiplocaulobiumDiplocaulobium clemensiae (Ames)

A.D.HawkesDipodium

Dipodium paludosum (Griff.)Rchb.f.

Dipodium pictum (Lindl.) Rchb.f.Disperis

Disperis neilgherrensis WightEpiblastus

Epiblastus merrillii L.O.WilliamsEpigeneium

Epigeneium acuminatum (Rolfe exAmes) Summerh.

Epigeneium stellasilvae (Loher &Kraenzl) Summerh.

Epigeneium treacherianum (Rchb.f.ex Hook.f.) Summerh.

EpipogiumEpipogium roseum (D.Don) Lindl.

EriaEria albolutea RolfeEria aliciae Quisumb.Eria anceps Leav.

Eria aporoides Lindl.Eria barbifrons KraenzlEria brachystachya Rchb.f.Eria bractescens Lindl.Eria candoonensis AmesEria carnicolor AmesEria citrina Ridl.Eria clemensiae Leav.Eria compacta AmesEria copelandii Leav.Eria copelandii Leav. var.

fusiformis Leav.Eria curranii Leav.Eria cylindrostachya AmesEria cymbiformis J.J.Sm.Eria dagamensis AmesEria davaensis AmesEria fastigiatifolia AmesEria floribunda Lindl.Eria gigantea AmesEria hutchinsoniana AmesEria jarensis AmesEria javanica (Sw.) BlumeEria lamellata AmesEria leavittii KraenzlEria longibracteata Leav.Eria longicruris Leav.Eria longilabris Lindl.Eria longissima Ames & Quisumb.Eria lyonii Leav.Eria macera AmesEria major Ridl.Eria maquilingensis AmesEria mearnsii Leav.Eria merrittii AmesEria microchila AmesEria mindanaensis AmesEria ornata (Blume) Lindl.Eria ovata Lindl.Eria palawanensis AmesEria perspicabilis AmesEria philippinensis AmesEria polyura Lindl.Eria profusa Lindl.


Flickingeria fimbriata (Blume)A.D.Hawkes

Flickingeria junctiloba Fessel &Lückel

Flickingeria luxurians (J.J.Sm.)A.D.Hawkes

Flickingeria pseudoconvexa(Ames) A.D.Hawkes

Flickingeria purpureostelidia(Ames) A.D.Hawkes

Flickingeria unicornis (Ames)A.D.Hawkes

Flickingeria xantholeuca (Rchb.f.)A.D.Hawkes

GaleolaGaleola nudifolia Lour.

GastrochilusGastrochilus calceolaris (Buch.-

Ham. ex Sm.) D.DonGastrochilus sororius Schltr.

GastrodiaGastrodia javanica (Blume) Lindl.

GeodorumGeodorum densiflorum (Lam.)

Schltr.Glomera

Glomera merrillii AmesGoodyera

Goodyera clausa (Eaton ex Ames)Schltr.

Goodyera dawsonii Boxall exNáves

Goodyera elmeri (Ames) AmesGoodyera fumata ThwaitesGoodyera luzonensis AmesGoodyera picta Boxall ex NávesGoodyera procera (Ker Gawl.)

Hook.Goodyera ramosii AmesGoodyera rubicunda (Blume)

Lindl.Goodyera viridiflora (Blume)

BlumeGrammatophyllyum

Eria propinqua AmesEria puguahaanensis AmesEria ramosa AmesEria rhodoptera Rchb.f.Eria ringens Rchb.f.Eria senilis AmesEria taylorii AmesEria tridens AmesEria vanoverberghii AmesEria ventricosa Leav.Eria whitfordii Leav.Eria woodiana AmesEria xanthocheila Ridl.Eria zamboangensis Ames

ErythrodesErythrodes boettcheri AmesErythrodes weberi AmesErythrodes wenzelii Ames

ErythrorchisErythrorchis altissima (Blume)

BlumeEulophia

Eulophia andamanensis Rchb.f.Eulophia bicallosa (D.Don)

P.F.Hunt & Summerh.Eulophia dentata AmesEulophia exaltata Rchb.f.Eulophia graminea Lindl.Eulophia pulchra (Thouars) Lindl.Eulophia spectabilis (Dennst.)

SureshEulophia zollingeri (Rchb.f.)

J.J.Sm.Flickingeria

Flickingeria bancana (J.J.Sm.)A.D.Hawkes

Flickingeria candoonensis (Ames)Fessel & Lückel

Flickingeria chrysographata(Ames) A.D.Hawkes

Flickingeria comata (Blume)A.D.Hawkes

Flickingeria eurorum (Ames)A.D.Hawkes


Grammatophyllum elegans Rchb.f.Grammatophyllum martae

Quisumb. ex Valmayor & D.TiuGrammatophyllum measuresianum

SanderGrammatophyllum multiflorum

Lindl.Grammatophyllum scriptum (L.)

BlumeGrammatophyllum speciosum

BlumeGrammatophyllum stapeliiflorum

(Teijsm. & Binn.) J.J.Sm.Grammatophyllum wallisii Rchb.f.

GrosourdyaGrosourdya appendiculata (Blume)

Rchb.f.Grosourdya tripercus (Ames)

GarayHabenaria

Habenaria alagensis AmesHabenaria aristulifera Rchb.f.Habenaria boadanensis AmesHabenaria congesta AmesHabenaria curranii AmesHabenaria dentata (Sw.) Schltr.Habenaria diphylla (Nimmo) Dalz.Habenaria falcigera Rchb.f.Habenaria intrudens AmesHabenaria leibergii AmesHabenaria lingulosa AmesHabenaria malintana (Blanco)

Merr.Habenaria mearnsii AmesHabenaria muricata (Schauer)

Rchb.f.Habenaria ponerostachys Rchb.f.Habenaria reticulata AmesHabenaria rhodocheila Hance

subsp. philippinensis (Ames)Christenson

Habenaria robinsonii AmesHabenaria rosulata AmesHabenaria rumphii (Brongn.)

Lindl.

Habenaria stenopetala Lindl.Habenaria vanoverberghii AmesHabenaria warburgiana KraenzlHabenaria zephyrica Ames

HerminiumHerminium lanceum (Thunb. ex

Sw.) VuijkHetaeria

Hetaeria anomala (Lindl.) Hook.f.Hetaeria mindanaensis AmesHetaeria oblongifolia BlumeHetaeria wenzelii Ames

HippeophyllyumHippeophyllum wenzelii Ames

HylophilaHylophila lanceolata (Blume) Miq.Hylophila rubra Ames

HymenorchisHymenorchis vanoverberghii

(Ames) GarayKuhlhasseltia

Kuhlhasseltia whiteheadii (Rendle)Ames

Kuhlhasseltia yakushimensis(Yamam.) Ormerod

LecanorchisLecanorchis javanica Blume

LepidogyneLepidogyne longifolia (Blume)

BlumeLiparis

Liparis amesiana Schltr.Liparis benguetensis (Ames) Schltr.Liparis bontocensis AmesLiparis bootanensis Griff.Liparis cauliflora Merr.Liparis clemensiae (Ames) AmesLiparis compressa (Blume) Lindl.Liparis condylobulbon Rchb.f.Liparis cumingii Ridl.Liparis distans C.B.ClarkeLiparis dumaguetensis AmesLiparis elegans Lindl.Liparis elliptica Wight


Macodes xanthophyllus Boxall exNáves

MacropodanthusMacropodanthus philippinensis

L.O.WilliamsMalaxis

Malaxis acuminata D.DonMalaxis alagensis (Ames) AmesMalaxis arietina AmesMalaxis atrosanguinea AmesMalaxis balabacensis AmesMalaxis bancanoides AmesMalaxis bataanensis AmesMalaxis benguetensis AmesMalaxis binabayensis (Ames) AmesMalaxis bracteosa AmesMalaxis bulusanensis AmesMalaxis copelandii AmesMalaxis cuneipetala AmesMalaxis davaensis AmesMalaxis dentata (Ames) AmesMalaxis elmeri AmesMalaxis epiphytica AmesMalaxis hutchinsoniana (Ames)

AmesMalaxis lilacina AmesMalaxis merrillii (Ames) AmesMalaxis mindorensis (Rendle)

AmesMalaxis monophyllos (L.) Sw.Malaxis negrosiana AmesMalaxis ophrydis (J.Koenig)

OrmerodMalaxis propinqua AmesMalaxis purpureiflora Ames &

Quisumb.Malaxis quadridentata (Ames)

AmesMalaxis quadriloba AmesMalaxis ramosii AmesMalaxis rizalensis AmesMalaxis taylorii AmesMalaxis uncata AmesMalaxis wenzelii Ames

Liparis elmeri (Ames) Schltr.Liparis fragilis (Ames) AmesLiparis fulgens RolfeLiparis halconensis (Ames) AmesLiparis jarensis AmesLiparis leytensis AmesLiparis linearifolia (Ames) AmesLiparis magnicallosa AmesLiparis merrillii (Ames) Schltr.Liparis monophylla AmesLiparis negrosiana AmesLiparis nutans (Ames) AmesLiparis palawanensis AmesLiparis pallida (Blume) Lindl.Liparis parviflora (Blume) Lindl.Liparis pectinata Ridl.Liparis philippinensis (Ames)

Schltr.Liparis poilanei Gagnep.Liparis prava AmesLiparis propinqua AmesLiparis rizalensis AmesLiparis robusta Hook.f.Liparis tricallosa Rchb.f.Liparis trichoglottis (Ames) Schltr.Liparis viridiflora (Blume) Lindl.Liparis wenzelii Ames

LudisiaLudisia discolor (Ker Gawl.)

BlumeLuisia

Luisia cordatilabia Ames&Quisumb.

Luisia curtisii Seidenf.Luisia foxworthii AmesLuisia ramosii AmesLuisia teretifolia Gaudich.Luisia valida Rchb.f.

MacodesMacodes petola (Blume) Lindl.Macodes setaceus Boxall ex NávesMacodes striatus Boxall ex NávesMacodes veitchii Boxall ex Náves


Malaxis williamsii AmesMalleola

Malleola constricta AmesMalleola lyonii Ames

MegalotusMegalotus bifidus (Lindl.) Garay

MicroperaMicropera loheri (L.O.Williams)

GarayMicropera pallida (Roxb.) Lindl.Micropera philippinensis (Lindl.)

GarayMicropera utriculosa (Ames) Garay

MicrosaccusMicrosaccus griffithii (Parish &

Rchb.f.) Seidenf.Microsaccus wenzelii Ames

MicrostylisMicrostylis odorata Boxall ex

NávesMicrotatorchis

Microtatorchis aristata GarayMicrotatorchis compacta (Ames)

Schltr.Microtis

Microtis unifolia (G.Forst.) Rchb.f.Myrmechis

Myrmechis gracilis (Blume) BlumeMyrmechis perpusilla AmesMyrmechis philippinensis Ames

NephelaphyllumNephelaphyllum mindorense AmesNephelaphyllum pulchrum Blume

NerviliaNervilia aragoana Gaudich.Nervilia crociformis (Zoll. &

Moritzi) Seidenf.Nervilia dilatata (Blume) Schltr.Nervilia plicata (Andrews) Schltr.

NeuwiediaNeuwiedia veratrifolia BlumeOberoniaOberonia aporophylla Rchb.f.Oberonia basilanensis Ames

Oberonia benguetensis AmesOberonia cylindrica Lindl.Oberonia elmeri AmesOberonia hispidula AmesOberonia iridifolia (Roxb.) Lindl.Oberonia leytensis AmesOberonia lipensis AmesOberonia luzonensis AmesOberonia lycopodioides (J.Koenig)

OrmerodOberonia mcgregorii AmesOberonia merrillii AmesOberonia mindorensis AmesOberonia minima AmesOberonia minutissima AmesOberonia monstruosa (Blume)

Lindl.Oberonia obesa AmesOberonia reilloi AmesOberonia setigera AmesOberonia surigaensis AmesOberonia thisbe Rchb.f.Oberonia toppingii AmesOberonia wenzelii Ames

OctarrhenaOctarrhena amesiana Schltr.Octarrhena ensifolia (Ames) Schltr.Octarrhena gemmifera AmesOctarrhena parvula Thwaites

OmoeaOmoea philippinensis Ames

OrchipedumOrchipedum wenzelii (Ames)

J.J.Sm.Pachystoma

Pachystoma pubescens BlumePaphiopedilum

Paphiopedilum acmodontumSchoser ex M.W.Wood

Paphiopedilum adductum AsherPaphiopedilum adductum Asher

var. anitum (Golamco) Koop.Paphiopedilum argus (Rchb.f.)

Stein


Paphiopedilum ciliolare (Rchb.f.)Stein

Paphiopedilum fowliei BirkPaphiopedilum haynaldianum

(Rchb.f.) SteinPaphiopedilum haynaldianum

(Rchb.f.) Stein var. lauraeGolamco

Paphiopedilum hennisianum(M.W.Wood) Fowlie

Paphiopedilum parnatanumCavestro

Paphiopedilum philippinense(Rchb.f.) SteinPaphiopedilum philippinense(Rchb.f.) Stein var. roebelenii(Veitch) P.J.Cribb

Paphiopedilum randsii FowliePaphiopedilum urbanianum FowliePaphiopedilum x expansum

J.T.AtwoodPennilabium

Pennilabium confusum (Ames)Garay

Pennilabium luzonense (Ames)Garay

PeristylusPeristylus copelandii (Ames) CarrPeristylus goodyeroides (D.Don)

Lindl.Peristylus lacertifer (Lindl.) J.J.Sm.Peristylus maingayi (King & Pantl.)

J.J.Wood & OrmerodPeristylus monticola (Ridl.)

Seidenf.Peristylus warburgianus Kraenzl

PhauisPhaius amboinensis BlumePhaius borneensis J.J.Sm.Phaius flavus (Blume) Lindl.Phaius fragilis L.O.WilliamsPhaius linearifolius AmesPhaius lyonii AmesPhaius mishmensis (Lindl. &Paxton) Rchb.f.

Phaius philippinensis N.E.Br.Phaius tankervilleae (Banks ex

L’Hér.) BlumePhalaenopsis

Phalaenopsis amabilis (L.) BlumePhalaenopsis aphrodite Rchb.f.Phalaenopsis bastianii O.Gruss &

RoellkePhalaenopsis cornucervi (Breda)

Blume & Rchb.f.Phalaenopsis deliciosa Rchb.f.Phalaenopsis equestris (Schauer)

Rchb.f.Phalaenopsis fasciata Rchb.f.Phalaenopsis fuscata Rchb.f.Phalaenopsis hieroglyphica

(Rchb.f.) H.R.SweetPhalaenopsis lindenii LoherPhalaenopsis lueddemanniana

Rchb.f.Phalaenopsis mariae Burb. Ex

R.Warner & B.S.WilliamsPhalaenopsis micholitzii RolfePhalaenopsis pallens (Lindl.)

Rchb.f.Phalaenopsis pallens (Lindl.)

Rchb.f. var. trullifera H.R.Sweet,Phalaenopsis philippinensis

Golamco ex Fowlie & C.Z.TangPhalaenopsis pulchra (Rchb.f.)

H.R.SweetPhalaenopsis reichenbachiana

Rchb.f. & SanderPhalaenopsis sanderiana Rchb.f.Phalaenopsis sanderiana Rchb.f.Phalaenopsis marmorata Rchb.f.Phalaenopsis schilleriana Rchb.f.Phalaenopsis stuartiana Rchb.f.Phalaenopsis stuartiana Rchb.f. f.

punctatissima (Rchb.f.)Christenson

Phalaenopsis sumatrana Korth. &Rchb.f.

Phalaenopsis x amphitrite KraenzlPhalaenopsis x intermedia Lindl.


Phalaenopsis x leucorrhodaRchb.f.

Phalaenopsis x veitchiana Rchb.f.Pholidota

Pholidota articulata Lindl.Pholidota carnea (Blume) Lindl.Pholidota imbricata Hook.Pholidota ventricosa (Blume)

Rchb.f.Phragmorchis

Phragmorchis teretifoliaL.O.Williams

PhreatiaPhreatia amesii KraenzlPhreatia aristulifera AmesPhreatia caulescens AmesPhreatia densiflora (Blume) Lindl.Phreatia elmeri AmesPhreatia infundibuliformis AmesPhreatia luzonensis Rolfe ex AmesPhreatia mearnsii AmesPhreatia negrosiana AmesPhreatia plantaginifolia (J.Koenig)

OrmerodPhreatia prorepens Rchb.f.Phreatia ramosii AmesPhreatia sulcata (Blume) J.J.Sm.Phreatia vanoverberghii AmesPhreatia wenzelii AmesPhreatia xantholeuca Kraenzl

PilophyllumPilophyllum villosum (Blume)

Schltr.Platanthera

Platanthera angustata (Blume)Lindl.

PlocoglottisPlocoglottis bicallosa AmesPlocoglottis bicomata L.O.WilliamsPlocoglottis copelandii AmesPlocoglottis loheriana (Kraenzl)

GoebelPlocoglottis lucbanensis AmesPlocoglottis mindorensis Ames

Plocoglottis plicata (Roxb.)Ormerod

PoaephyllumPoaephyllum grandiflorum

Quisumb.Poaephyllum pauciflorum (Hook.f.)

Ridl.Podochilus

Podochilus bicaudatus Schltr.Podochilus cumingii Schltr.Podochilus hystricinus AmesPodochilus intricatus AmesPodochilus longilabris AmesPodochilus lucescens BlumePodochilus plumosus AmesPodochilus ramosii AmesPodochilus sciuroides Rchb.f.Podochilus serpyllifolius (Blume)

Lindl.Podochilus strictus Ames

PolystachyaPolystachya concreta (Jacq.) Garay

&H.R.SweetPomatocalpa

Pomatocalpa bicolor (Lindl.)J.J.Sm.

Pomatocalpa fuscum J.J.Sm.Pomatocalpa kunstleri (Hook.f.)

J.J.Sm.Pomatocalpa spicatum Breda

PristiglottisPristiglottis mindanaensis (Ames)

Cretz.& J.J.Sm.Pristiglottis philippinensis (Ames)

Cretz. & J.J.Sm.Pseudovanilla

Pseudovanilla philippinensis(Ames) Garay

PterocerasPteroceras cladostachyum

(Hook.f.) H.A.PedersenPteroceras leopardinum (Parish &

Rchb.f.) Seidenf. & Smitinand


Pteroceras longicalcareum (Ames& Rolfe) GarayPteroceras pallidum (Blume)HolttumPteroceras philippinense (Ames)GarayPteroceras teres (Blume)HolttumPteroceras unguiculatum (Lindl.)H.A.Pedersen

RenantheraRenanthera amabilis Boxall exNávesRenanthera angustifolia Hook.f.Renanthera brevifolia (Rchb.f.)R. Rice & J.J. WoodRenanthera elongata (Blume)Lindl.Renanthera monachica AmesRenanthera philippinensis (Ames& Quisumb.) L.O.WilliamsRenanthera storiei Rchb.f.

RhombodaRhomboda blackii (Ames)OrmerodRhomboda cristata (Blume)OrmerodRhomboda lanceolata (Lindl.)OrmerodRhomboda weberi (Ames)Ormerod

RhyncostylisRhynchostylis gigantea (Lindl.)Ridl.Rhynchostylis retusa (L.) Blume

RobiquetiaRobiquetia cerina (Rchb.f.)GarayRobiquetia compressa (Lindl.)Schltr.Robiquetia discolor (Rchb.f.)Seidenf. & Garay

Robiquetia pantherina (Kraenzl)AmesRobiquetia spatulata (Blume)J.J.Sm.Robiquetia vanoverberghii Ames

SaccolabiopsisSaccolabiopsis tenella (Ames)Garay

SaccolabiumSaccolabium semiclausumKraenzl

SarcophytonSarcophyton crassifolium (Lindl.&Paxton) GaraySarcophyton pachyphyllum(Ames) Garay

SchoenorchisSchoenorchis micrantha Reinw.ex BlumeSchoenorchis paniculata Blume

SchuitemaniaSchuitemania merrillii (Ames)Ormerod

SpathoglottisSpathoglottis chrysantha AmesSpathoglottis elmeri AmesSpathoglottis kimballiana Hort.var. angustifolia AmesSpathoglottis kimballiana Hort.var. antiquensis T.GreenSpathoglottis palawanensisLubag-ArquizaSpathoglottis philippinensisLubag- ArquizaSpathoglottis plicata BlumeSpathoglottis tomentosa Lindl.Spathoglottis vanoverberghiiAmesSpathoglottis x parsonsii (Ames& Quisumb.) Ames & Quisumb.

SpiranthesSpiranthes sinensis (Pers.) Ames


StereosandraStereosandra javanica Blume

TaeniophyllumTaeniophyllum copelandii AmesTaeniophyllum elmeri AmesTaeniophyllum leytense AmesTaeniophyllum merrillii AmesTaeniophyllum philippinenseRchb.f.Taeniophyllum saccatumL.O.Williams

TainiaTainia elmeri Ames

ThecosteleThecostele alata (Roxb.) Parish &Rchb.f.

ThelasisThelasis capitata BlumeThelasis carinata BlumeThelasis micrantha (Brongn.)J.J.Sm.Thelasis obtusa BlumeThelasis pygmaea (Griff.) Blume

ThelymitraThelymitra javanica Blume

ThrixspermumThrixspermum acuminatissimum(Blume) Rchb.f.Thrixspermum agusanense AmesThrixspermum amesianumL.O.WilliamsThrixspermum amplexicaule(Blume) Rchb.f.Thrixspermum angustatumL.O.WilliamsThrixspermum centipede Lour.Thrixspermum croceum (Lindl.)Rchb.f.Thrixspermum elmeriL.O.WilliamsThrixspermum elongatum AmesThrixspermum eximiumL.O.Williams

Thrixspermum fantasticumL.O.WilliamsThrixspermum hystrix (Blume)Rchb.f.Thrixspermum integrumL.O.WilliamsThrixspermum ligulatumL.O.WilliamsThrixspermum linearifolium AmesThrixspermum merguense(Hook.f.) KuntzeThrixspermum pensile Schltr.Thrixspermum quinquelobumAmesThrixspermum robinsonii AmesThrixspermum rostratum AmesThrixspermum subulatum (Blume)Rchb.f.Thrixspermum vanoverberghiiAmesThrixspermum weberi AmesThrixspermum wenzelii Ames

TrichoglottisTrichoglottis agusanensis Ames &Quisumb.Trichoglottis amesianaL.O.WilliamsTrichoglottis apoensis T.Hashim.Trichoglottis atropurpurea Rchb.f.Trichoglottis bataanensis AmesTrichoglottis bicruris KraenzlTrichoglottis brachystachya(Kraenzl) GarayTrichoglottis calochilaL.O.WilliamsTrichoglottis fasciata Rchb.f.Trichoglottis geminata (Teijsm. &Binn.) J.J.Sm.Trichoglottis guibertii (Linden &Rchb.f.) Rchb.f.Trichoglottis intermediaL.O.Williams


Trichoglottis ionosma (Lindl.)J.J.Sm.

Trichoglottis latisepala AmesTrichoglottis latisepala Ames var.

tricarinata T.Hashim.Trichoglottis loheriana (Kraenzl)

L.O.WilliamsTrichoglottis luchuensis (Rolfe)

Garay & H.R.SweetTrichoglottis luzonensis AmesTrichoglottis mindanaensis AmesTrichoglottis philippinensis Lindl.Trichoglottis rosea (Lindl.) AmesTrichoglottis solerederi KraenzlTrichoglottis subviolacea (Llanos)

Merr.Trichoglottis tamesisii Quisumb. &

C.Schweinf.Trichotosia

Trichotosia binabayensis (Ames)Kraenzl

Trichotosia fusca (Blume) Teijsm.& Binn.

Trichotosia halconensis (Ames)Kraenzl

Trichotosia hirsutipetala (Ames)Schuit. & de Vogel

Trichotosia lagunensis (Ames)Schuit. & de Vogel

Trichotosia leytensis (Ames)Schuit. & de Vogel

Trichotosia mcgregorii (Ames)Schuit. & de Vogel

Trichotosia odorifera (Leav.)Kraenzl

Trichotosia ramosii (Leav.) KraenzlTrichotosia vulpina (Rchb.f.)

KraenzlTropidia

Tropidia angulosa (Lindl.) BlumeTropidia mindanaensis AmesTropidia mindorensis AmesTropidia robinsonii AmesTropidia septemnervis (Schauer)

Rchb.f.

TuberolabiumTuberolabium brevirhachis

(L.O.Williams) J.J.WoodTuberolabium escritorii (Ames)

GarayTuberolabium kotoense Yamam.Tuberolabium quisumbingii

(L.O.Williams) ChristensonTuberolabium rhopalorrhachis

(Rchb.f.) J.J.WoodTuberolabium sarcochiloides

(Schltr.) GarayVanda

Vanda javierae D.Tiu ex Fessel &Lückel

Vanda lamellata Lindl.Vanda cumingii Baxter in Loud.Vanda lamellata Lindl. var. boxallii

Rchb.f.Vanda lamellata Lindl. var.

remediosiae Ames & Quisumb.Vanda limbata BlumeVanda luzonica Loher ex RolfeVanda merrillii Ames & Quisumb.Vanda roeblingiana RolfeVanda sanderiana Rchb.f.Vanda sanderiana var. immaculata

GolamcoVanda scandens HolttumVanda ustii Golamco, Claustro &

de MesaVandopsis

Vandopsis lissochiloides (Gaudich.)Pfitzer in Engl. & Prantl

VanillaVanilla calopogon Rchb.f.Vanilla ovalis BlancoVanilla speciosa Boxall ex Náves

VrydagzyneaVrydagzynea albida (Blume) BlumeVrydagzynea vrydagzynoides

(Ames) OrmerodVrydagzynea weberi Ames



ZeuxineZeuxine affinis (Lindl.) Benth. ex

Hook.f.Zeuxine elmeri (Ames) AmesZeuxine flava (Wall. Ex Lindl.)

Benth. ex Hook.f.Zeuxine lancifolia (Ames) OrmerodZeuxine leytensis (Ames) AmesZeuxine marivelensis (Ames)

Schltr.Zeuxine nervosa (Wall. Ex Lindl.)

TrimenZeuxine parvifolia (Ridl.) Ridl. ex

K.Schum. & FeddeZeuxine philippinensis (Ames)

AmesZeuxine strateumatica (L.) Schltr.

review status of orchid taxonomy research in the …

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