Review: Simple Sentences

Are independent clauses Consist of one subject and one verb A prepositional phrase consists of a

_____________ and its ________.

European immigrants arrived at Ellis Island.

Review: Parallelism

Uses matching words, phrases, or clauses to express equivalent ideas

Adds unity, balance, and coherence to your writing

To be a good golfer, Marsha needs to groove her swing,

hit through the ball, and with great concentration.

Compound Sentences

• Coordinating conjunctions• Semicolons

• Transition words• Transition phrases

Compound Sentences

Are made up of two or more independent clauses (simple sentences)

One way to form a compound sentence is by joining two independent clauses with a coordinating conjunction preceded by a comma:– European immigrants arrived at Ellis Island, but

Asian immigrants arrived at Angel Island.

Coordinating Conjunctions

F A N B O Y S

Coordinating Conjunctions

Join two ideas of equal importance. Describe the relationship between two

ideas, showing how and why the ideas are related.

Coordinating Conjunctions

Different coordinating ideas have different meanings:

To indicate addition, use and:

He acts like a child, and people think he is cute.

To indicate contrast or contradiction, use but or yet:

He acts like a child, but he is an adult.

He acts like a child, yet he longs to be taken seriously.

Coordinating Conjunctions

To indicate a cause-and-effect relationship, use so or for:

He acts like a child, so we treat him like one.

He acts like a child, for he craves attention.

To present alternatives, use or:

He acts like a child, or he is ignored.

To eliminate alternatives, use nor:

He does not act like a child, nor does he look like one.

Coordinating Conjunctions

When joining two independent clauses, always put a comma before the coordinating conjunction.

Do not use a comma unless you’re linking two complete independent clauses:

Incorrect: The cat hissed, and ran away.

Correct: The cat hissed and ran away.

Using Semicolons

Another way to create a compound sentence is by joining two simple sentences (independent clauses) with a semicolon.– The AIDS quilt contains thousands of

panels; each panel is rectangular. A semicolon generally connects clauses

whose ideas are closely linked.

Using Transitional Words & Phrases

Another way to create a compound sentence is by combining two simple sentences (independent clauses) with a transitional word or phrase.

In this case, a semicolon always comes before the transitional word or phrase, and a comma always comes after it:– Some college students receive grants; however,

others must take out loans.– He had a miserable time at the party; in addition,

he lost is wallet.

Transitional words and phrases

Adding a transitional word or phrase makes the connection between ideas in a sentence clearer and more precise than it would be if the ideas were linked with just a semicolon.

Different transitional words and phrases convey different meanings.

Transitional words and phrases

Some signal addition (also, besides, furthermore, in addition, moreover, etc.):– I have a lot on my mind; also, I have a lot of

things to do.

Some make causal connections (therefore, as a result, consequently, thus, etc.):– I have a lot on my mind; therefore, it is hard to

concentrate.

Transitional words and phrases

Some indicate contradiction or contrast (nevertheless, however, in contrast, still, etc.):– I have a lot on my mind; still, I have a lot of things to do.

Some present alternatives (instead, on the contrary, otherwise, etc.):– I have a lot on my mind; otherwise, I could relax.– I will try not to think; instead, I will relax.

Some indicate time sequence (eventually, finally, at the same time, later, meanwhile, now, subsequently, then, etc.):– I have a lot on my mind; meanwhile, I still have work to do.

Review

A compound sentence is made up of ______ ___________________________________.

Coordinating conjunctions ______ two ideas of equal importance and describe ______ ______________ between two ideas.

An acronym you can use to remember coordinating conjunctions is _____________.

Review

You can also use a __________ to connect clauses whose ideas are closely linked.

When using a transitional word or phrase, a __________ always comes before the word/ phrase and a ________ always comes after.