Review For Final I

Should I take the final?

• Can’t hurt you

• Calculate your average and determine what you need to change your grade

Calculating what you need

• multiply each exam score by 0.4

• add the three numbers together

• subtract this sum from the average you want to get

• divide the difference by 40 for the percent score you need

example

• test scores: 35, 29, 38

• 0.4 * (35+29+38) = 40.8

• average right now = 40.8/60 = 68%=D

• this person wants to get a C or 70% in the class so 70 – 40.8 = 29.2

• 29.2/40 = 0.73

• this person need a 73 % on the final

How should you study for the final?

• Study the old study guides

• Study the three exams

• Study the 2 review lectures

3-dimensional model of plasma membrane

Phosphatidylcholine

Non-polar molecule dissolved in water

Arrangement of water molecules strongly disturbed

Effect of cis double bonds on membranes

Cholesterol

Cholesterol in lipid bilayer

Lipid raft with specific membrane proteins

Distribution of phospholipids and glycolipids in the lipid bilayer of human red blood cells

Some glycolipid molecules

Hydrophobic amino acids in green and yellow

Membrane Proteins in Human Red Blood Cells

Most Membrane Proteins have Structural Functions

Molecule movement across lipid bilayer without proteins

Passive vs. Active Transport

Three Ways of Driving Active Transport

Electrochemical gradient vs. membrane potential

Can work additively or against each other

Mechanism of Na+ - glucosecarrier

Binding of Na+ and glucose is cooperative

Selectivity of a K+ channel

Gating of Ion Channels

Transcellular transport of glucose

The Na+ - K+ pump is an ATPase

Resting Chemical Synapse

Active Chemical Synapse

Ion Channels at Neuromuscular Junction

Topological relationships between compartments of a eukaryotic cell

Roadmap ofprotein trafficinside cell

Two ways in which a sorting signal can bebuilt into a protein

Nuclear pore complexes

Protein import by mitochondria

Signal Peptide is cleaved and the protein folds inside the ER lumen

Protein glycosylation in the rough ER

Phospholipid synthesis occurs in the cytosolic leaflet of ER membrane

Scramblase, a phospholipidtranslocator equilibratesphospholipids betweenthe two leaflets

Flippases maintainhighly asymmetric composition of the plasma membrane

Endocytic and secretory pathways

red = secretorygreen = endocyticblue = recycling

Different coats are used for different transport steps in the cell

Assembly and disassembly of clathrin coat

SNARE proteins guide vesicular transport

Vesicular tubular clusters move along microtubules to carry proteins from ER to Golgi

apparatus

3-dimensional model of the Golgi Apparatus

Oligosaccharide chains are processed in the Golgi

common core

complex

high-mannose

Lysosome interior is different from cytosol