review date: 01 april 2021 rtsog 10 road transport safety ... · rtsog 10 road transport safety...

PERSONAL SAFETY

Revision Date: 22 March 2018

Review Date: 01 April 2021 RTSOG 10 ROAD TRANSPORT SAFETY OPERATION GUIDE

Engen Petroleum Limited Health, Safety, Environment and Quality Division Safety And Quality Centre of Excellence, Land Transport Safety

Engen Division: Supply and Operations

Procedure Title: Personal Safety Module

Document Number: RTSOG 10

Next Revision Date: 1st April 2021

Role Review Team Member Designation Date Signature

Prepare Dale Braum Contractor and Land Transport Safety

Specialist

Review W Murdzaffa B W Mahmud Head Land Transportation DBE

Review Sandra Redelinghuys COE : Manager Ops and Safety

Review Garth Hunter IH Specialist

Review

Role Review Team Member Designation Date Signature

Approver

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MODULE 10

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1.0 INTRODUCTION

A key aspect of Safe Fleet Operation is the safety of all employees; others involved in fleet operations, customers and the public. As mentioned in Engen Health, Safety, Environment and Quality (HSEQ) Policy; Engen is committed to give priority to HSEQ and shall endeavour to take every reasonable and practicable step to prevent and eliminate the risk of injuries, health hazard and damage to property. This means, Engen will strive to prevent all accidents, injuries and occupational illnesses through the active participation of every employee, Road Transport Contractors and BTOs. Engen is committed to continuous efforts to identify and eliminate or manage safety risk associated with fleet operation.

2.0 SCOPE

This Module provides the procedures, tools and guidelines required to manage the safety risks

associated with the product delivery processes. It addresses the following areas:

HSEQ Policies

Personal Protective Equipment (PPE) Requirements

Working at Heights

Ergonomics – Prevent Back Injuries

ZeTo Rules

HSE Awareness Activities

Regulatory Requirements

Safety Data Sheet (SDS)

Approved Defensive Driving System

BTO Handbook

The requirement stated in this module will take precedence if contradictory to PTS requirement.

3.0 EXPECTED RESULT

The continuous use of this system is to ensure management systems are in place to facilitate an injury

free BTO/workplace and that employees actively participate in personnel safety management programs

to limit the number and frequency of BTO/workplace incidents and illnesses. In addition, Road Transport Contractors are to follow all ENGEN requirements towards their contractors.

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4.0 POLICIES

4.1 HSEQ Policy

The implementation of ENGEN RTSMS and ENGEN RTSOG are based on what is stated in the second

paragraph of the ENGEN HSEQ Policy below. Road Transport Contractors are obligated to follow this policy at all times. All RT Contractors are required to have their own policy which must be aligned to

ENGEN’s policy. When designing HSE policy, such matters needs to above mentioned are:-

the top management’s commitment towards HSEQ:

compliance with the requirements of law;

workers’ involvement;

periodic study and review of the policy; and

the signature or endorsement of the Principal or Contractor.

The policy must be reviewed, approved and signed off annually. These policies should be pasted at

prominent places at the RT Contractor base and office. Communications of this policy need to be

conducted during induction and refresher training

4.2 Drug and Alcohol (D&A) Policy

Road Transport Contractor must have a D&A Policy at BTO/workplace. Zero tolerance of Blood Alcohol Concentration (BAC) is a requirement of the Company Policy for all drivers. This will be

enforced by the use of compulsory random breath testing (using the Breathalyzer) and urine

testing (using the urine test kit) at all RT contractor parking base. All tests must be recorded for

audit purposes. The random testing must be scheduled to ensure all BTO will be tested within

the period of 6 months.

4.2.2 Within the legislation of the country, all drivers are subject to the Drugs and Alcohol

policy, including but not limited to pre-employment screening and random testing

4.2.3 Actual A&D testing is required:

At entrance to any ENGEN operational Facilities;

Immediately post-accident; and

When suspicion arises.

No driver is allowed to work under this contract for Company until the pre-employment test proves acceptable.

4.3 Work and Rest Hours Policy

BTO must be aware of, and comply with, the current regulations that apply to maximum driving

hours, work hours and rest breaks hours (rest to avoid continuous driving and rest between shift) that applies to BTO. The chart below gives guidance on driving and rest hours policy.

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Item ENGEN OWN FLEET AS PER PTS 60.2401

COMMENTS

1) Non- stop Maximum driving

hours 4 – hours Non-stop driving hours must not exceed 4

hours.

2) Total driving hours per day 8 (9 hours limit - PTS Fatigue

management*)– Engen OPS own fleet delivery operates 11

hour shifts, with loading and offloading

included, driving hours must be within

the 8/9 hours limit.

3) Total working hours per day 12 - hours Engen OPS normal working hours per day

for BTO’s are 11 hours including 1 hour

break (30min lunch and 2 x 15min tea

brakes) – Maximum hour’s overtime that

can be work must be limited to no more

than 2 hours per day/shift.

4) Daily Rest period 30 minutes per 4 hours driving BTO’s have 1 hour (30 min lunch, 15min x

2 tea breaks) rest periods per day/shift.

Shifts and especially long haul bulk trips

must be managed to ensure rest periods

are taken at the right time to comply.

5) Weekly Rest period 1 day rest after 6 days work BTO’s work 4 days on and two days off as

per Engen OPS shift system.

6) Rest between journeys (Engen

own fleet does local deliveries

on shift based system – no long

distance journeys)

12 hours Engen OPS shifts = 11 hours including 1

hour lunch/tea break. More than 12 hour

rest between shifts. Note as per 3 above

no more than 2 hours overtime must be

worked per day/shift.

7) Rest between work sets 36 hours, allowing 2 consecutive

night’s sleep Engen OPS shifts operate four days on two

days off – allowing 48 hours and two

consecutive day or night’s sleep.

8) Maximum weekly duty hours 72 hours BTO’s work 40 hours per week as per

bargaining unit agreement. 4 days on two

days off. This allows for overtime shifts to

be worked on off days but in line with all

standards above.

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4.3.1 Driver Fatigue

Studies have shown that BTO fatigue is a major contributing factor to vehicle incidents. The

following provides a discussion of BTO fatigue, what it is its characteristics, its causes and

steps that can be taken to reduce its effects. Fatigue is defined as the physical and mental

state of the BTO resulting from:

Working for extended periods of time (time on task).

Not getting enough sleep (sleep loss).

Prolonged physical activity.

Irregular work schedules.

Poor physical and environmental conditions.

Fatigue is characterized by:

Decreased ability to detect small changes in the driving environment (e.g., small obstacles in the road) Decreased alertness.

Increased time to mentally process information and make decisions.

Increased reaction time.

More variable and less effective vehicle control responses.

Confusion.

Other stresses can promote the onset of fatigue:

Circadian rhythm, the natural cycle of the body that results in reduced alertness in most people in the early morning and early afternoon.

Drugs, both prescription and over-the-counter, that increase drowsiness.

Alcohol is a sedative that promotes sleep. It can also reduce the quality of sleep.

Sleep disorders that affect the quality of sleep, e.g., pain producing diseases,

stress and breathing difficulties.

Impaired health conditions.

Studies show that driver fatigue may be a contributing factor in as many as 30-40

percent of heavy truck accidents. The characteristics of BTO who are involved in fatigue

related accidents can be summarized as follows:

Obtained too little sleep during the sleep-period preceding the accident.

Obtained too little sleep over the 24-hour period preceding the accident.

Accumulated their sleep in a split-sleep pattern, for example, two or more

segments of several hours each (e.g., in a sleeper berth).

Worked irregular schedules.

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Did not recognize that they were in need of sleep and believed that they were

rested when they were not.

Drove at night with a sleep deficit.

Exceeded hours of service limits and, therefore, had a fewer number of hours to obtain sleep (this often happens when drivers are stuck in traffic and their

deliveries are delayed).

Were not educated about the factors that can cause fatigue.

Were compensated on a mileage basis.

Following are recommendations for reducing the onset of fatigue. They are separated into those measures that can be implemented by BTOs themselves and those that can be implemented by

Road Transport Contractor/ENGEN Management.

Steps BTO can take

Ensure that off-duty time is dedicated to obtaining the sleep he or she needs rather than using the time to accomplish other duties or responsibilities. This is especially

important if on-duty times are pushed to their maximums.

Individuals differ in the amount of sleep they need to function properly. Each BTO needs

to decide on the proper amount of sleep required and ensure that he or she obtains it.

Avoid “split-sleep” patterns. If the sleep period is broken into several short segments,

the total amount of sleep required is longer than would be required if sleep was

obtained in one continuous segment.

Inadequate sleep of as little as 1-2 hours can be critical to the onset of fatigue during the periods of greatest vulnerability: 0100 to 0800 hours and 1400 to 1800 hours.

Take a short nap before driving at night. Studies show that napping before the onset of

fatigue is an effective fatigue countermeasure. A single nap of 45 minutes prior to a night without sleep can prevent significant loss of performance and increased fatigue

throughout the night. Naps should be a supplement to one continuous 8-hour sleep

period, not a replacement for it.

Avoid the use of drugs designed to counteract the effects of fatigue. Caffeine, for

example, is a mild stimulant that has a short-term alerting effect on the body. However, caffeine cannot counteract the effects of sleep loss.

Take a break from continuous driving every 2-4 hours. Studies have shown that short

rest breaks can help fight the onset of fatigue brought about by factors associated with

driving such as muscle strain, eyestrain and sitting in one posture for a long period of

time.

Avoid the use of quick fix responses to sudden bouts of fatigue. Many drivers have adopted behaviours to wake them up in the event of sudden onsets of fatigue. They can

include opening the window, increasing the volume of the radio, constrained exercises,

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placing ice on the back of the neck, singing, etc. None of these “remedies” have been

shown to be effective in reducing the effects of fatigue over a prolonged period of time.

Conduct a self-check of whether they are driving under the effects of fatigue by asking themselves the following questions:

What was the last town I drove through?

Has anybody flashed their lights to indicate that I had my high beams on? Have I had to brake sharply in the last few minutes?

Have I hit the rumble strips on the side of the road?

Have I noticed my truck wandering over the lane lines?

Without rechecking, can I correctly remember how many vehicles are present in my

right side rear-view mirror? How long ago did I last stop for any reason?

What was the last thing I remember about the radio program I am listening to?

Have any motorists honked their horns recently for a mistake that I made? Have I exceeded my hours of duty limits?

Have I operated the wrong control in the cab in the last ten minutes? Have I shifted my seating position in the last minute?

Have I missed reading a directional sign in the last ten minutes?

Do I remember the first question I answered in this list?

If two or more of the above questions cannot be answered or are answered incorrectly,

the BTO may be falling under the effects of fatigue. If so, he or she should use any short

term measure that is needed to stay alert and look for the first opportunity to stop the

truck and take a break.

Steps for Road Transport Contractors/ENGEN Management to consider

Confirm that BTO work schedules provide adequate rest periods both during and

between shifts, as well as take into account the hours of duty regulations. Educate BTO on the effects of fatigue on driving performance and the importance of

adequate sleep.

BTO should be salary/hourly employees and not paid by the delivery, as a percent of load revenues or by the kilometre. Studies have shown that those BTO who are paid by

the mile have up to:

▪ 50 percent more fatigue-related accidents than those who are paid by the percent

of load revenue, and

▪ 100 percent more fatigue-related accidents than those who are paid by the hour

Use automated, tamper-proof, on-truck computers to identify BTO who exceed hours

of service limitations.

Confirm the day/night shift rotations are properly designed. Assistance on proper

design of shift rotations can be obtained from affiliate Medical Departments.

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Package the fatigue self-test that is given above and develop a method to encourage

the driver to take the test while he or she is on the road. Devise methods to remind

drivers to take the test, like occasional calls to the truck or a timer that beeps on a random basis.

5.0 GUIDELINES

5.1 Personal Protective Equipment (PPE)

Road Transport Contractors are to supply all PPE that is deemed necessary, at their own cost; this cost must not be passed on to drivers or staff. The PPE must meet Oil Industry Standards and be “Fit for

Purpose” and provide adequate protection, the equipment must be maintained in good order and

condition and should be replaced as necessary. Hauliers must also ensure that their employees wear/ use the appropriate PPE as required. Training on PPE chart and use of PPE is an integral part of BTO induction

training and ongoing refresher training.

Below chart is the requirement of PPE usage of BTO. Only for Bitumen product, BTOs are required to wear additional apron and safety helmet with visor.

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5.1.1 While Loading at Terminal

5.1.2 While Off-Loading at Customer Premises

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5.1.3 Loading Bitumen at Terminal

Take note on the DOs and the DON’Ts below;

DOs:

• WEAR only approved hard hats and liners

• CHECK hard hats regularly for cracked shells or damage to the inner

cradle

• REPORT defective hard hats immediately, so they can be repaired

or replaced

• DISCARD any hat that has received a severe blow or abrasion,

because it may be weakened. Useful life of a hard hat is normally 24 months. Check manufacture date stamped on the hard hat

DON’T:

• PAINT the shell, because some paint solvents may soften the shell and reduce its structural strength

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• DRILL ventilation holes in the shell, since the holes may weaken the

shell and destroy its electrical insulating qualities

• WEAR goggles with the strap over the back of the hard hat, because if the hat is dislodged, the goggles also come off

• CARRY the straps over the top of the hat

• STORE the hard hat in direct sunlight, e.g., back window/shelf of a

car, office window sill

CLEANING SAFETY HELMET

To clean the safety helmet:

• DIP the hat for at least one minute in hot water containing detergent. Test water temperatures and do not exceed that at

which you can immerse your hands

• SCRUB the hat thoroughly

• RINSE it in clear hot water

5.2 Working at Height – Fall Protection

ENGEN ZeTo (Zero Tolerance) Rules mentioned that any work conducted at a height

more than 2 meters high need to have a fall protection system. Thus, road tankers

must be equipped with pneumatic handrail or manual handrail (and wire rope for safety harness usage.

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5.2.1 Anti fall system on top of trailer

5.2.2 Body harness with single lanyard

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5.3 Ergonomics (Preventing injuries to your skeleton and muscles)

Musculoskeletal injuries (including back injuries) have high impact. These injuries can lead to both loss of quality of life for the BTO as well as economic loss, which impacts both the BTO and Engen. The purpose of this subject is to identify specific tasks that have potential to cause back injuries and develop guidelines for preventive actions to prevent back injuries

5.3.1 When Lifting

If appropriate equipment is available for lifting and moving heavy objects, these must

be used at all times.

Lifting and carrying of materials are going to demand that employees know the proper techniques for heavy lifting. The following guidelines will help

employees recognize poor lifting techniques for heavy lifting, and assist them in learning how to lift safely and properly.

Before lifting:

CONSIDER the size, shape, and weight of the object to be carried

GET HELP if the load is too large or too heavy

INSPECT the object for slivers, jagged edges, burrs, or rough surfaces

REMOVE any protruding nails, corner clips, bailing wire, and related hazards

WIPE OFF greasy, wet or slippery objects before trying to handle them

KEEP hands free of oil and grease

NEVER carry a load that can’t be seen over or around

MAKE SURE the path of travel is clear

WEAR personal protection clothing, such as:

Gloves for rough objects

Safety shoes to avoid injury in case the object is dropped

Eye protection when handling or opening wire or metal bound containers

Respiratory protection, if the object is dusty or toxic

5.3.2 Handling Load arms

Before you start loading, evaluate the load arm by considering the following?

Are any of the swivel joints stiff?

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Is there a handle on the bottom swivel? Is the balancer working correctly? Is the API Coupler stiff to operate? Is the hose the correct length?

If you suspect that there may be a problem then: Report the problem to the supervisor on shift, who will log the issue Where appropriate the supervisor will ensure that a second person assists

with the loading to reduce the force needed

5.3.3 When Offloading or Handling Hoses

Improper lifting of hoses when offloading exercise will lead to back injury.

The following is good recommended practice for the BTO:

When removing a hose from the truck’s storage tray:

LIFT the hose from one end of the tray

PLACE the end of the hose on the ground

LIFT and lower each part of the hose to the ground as you move toward the other end of the hose When lifting a hose:

DO NOT stretch to lift the hose

BEND your knees

KEEP your back as straight as possible

NEVER lift the hose in the middle

KEEP the portion you are lifting close to your body

GET help if you have to raise all of the hose at one time When draining

hoses:

DISCONNECT the hose at the truck connection

LIFT UP disconnected end higher than unloading point to drain any residual

product

AVOID lifting a hose when it is full of product

ALWAYS DRAIN it before lifting

To put the hoses back in the trucks storage trough/tray, after draining:

SEPARATE hoses which have been connected together first

PULL them one at a time

LOAD them back to the truck tray, reversing the procedure for removing

hoses from the trays

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5.3.4 Opening Hatches or Dome Covers

Inappropriate lifting of Hatch increases the risk of back injuries. The

following is good recommended practice for the BTO:

If the hatch or dome cover is too tight, ask for assistance in opening it

BEND your knees while raising the lid

LIFT with your legs

BEND your knees and work in a squatting position

5.3.5 Climbing In or Out of the Road Tanker Cab

Improper climbing in or out from the road tanker cabin can also lead to back injury. All BTOs must always follow the 3 point stance rule. The

following is good recommended practice for the BTO:

When boarding the cab:

FACE forward to the cab

HOLD on to the rails with both hands to pull yourself up (use 3 point stand)


TAKE one step at a time

When getting out of the cab:

GET a firm footing and firm grip (use 3 point stand)

CHECK that the area beneath you is free of obstacles, such as pipes, boards,

hoses, oil, or cones

NEVER face forward; back down when getting out of the cab

BEND your knees, not your back

DON’T twist your body


TAKE one step at a time

NEVER jump down to the ground

STEP carefully onto uneven ground

REPORT loose or broken runs immediately

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5.3.5 When Driving

Driving for extended period of time without following the provided guidance

will increase the risk of injury. The following is good recommended practice for the BTO:

Wellness:

Maintain core body strength through exercise – physical fitness helps

prevent injuries

Manage your Body Mass Index (BMI) - being underweight or overweight is

a risk factor for injuries

Before driving:

ADJUST the seat to your needs (use 3 point belt)

SIT well back on the seat

KEEP your legs back as straight as possible

If driving is continuous for 3-4 hours:

TAKE a short break (at least 30 minutes) build it into the journey

management plan, particularly on long trips, to have short breaks

(ensuring it is safe to do so)

WALK around the truck

ADJUST your seat again

5.3.6 Exercising when driving and before loading / offloading

All exercises are done after the environment around you has been assessed and you are satisfied that there it is safe to do the exercise.

Exercises 1-6 can be done while driving. Exercise 6 is only done while

driving if your truck has cruise control. If it does not have cruise control only do the exercise when the truck is stationary;

Exercises 7-14 are done before starting loading or offloading;

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A driver’s neck and shoulders become tense

during long periods of sitting and driving. The body stiffens up after prolonged sitting,

negatively affecting blood circulation. Bone movement, such as shifting between

load and release, lubricates joints and

brings nutrients to spinal discs.

Small changes can make a big difference!

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Exercises from: https://www.scania.com/group/en/driver-care/

5.4 ENGEN ZeTo Rules

ZeTo means Zero Tolerance, a principle to ensure all activities are carried out in a safe

manner and any non-compliance is not tolerated. The scope covers all ENGEN employees and contractors.

5.4.1 Ten Mandatory safety rules

Below are the 10 mandatory safety rules set by ENGEN for all employees and contractors. This rules

should be followed anywhere and all the time when performing daily job.

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5.4.2 Flowchart for non-compliance of ZeTo Rules by contractors’ personnel

Any non-compliance event reported and verified, the Road Transport Contractors and BTOs shall be penalized according to the Zeto Rules sanctions as guided by the PTS. Below is the penalty guideline for non-compliance of ENGEN ZeTo Rules.

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5.5 Safety Bulletin

A safety bulletin or message is a tool for reminding BTO to perform their daily job safety. It can be issued on weekly basis and use as a reminder on daily basis during daily toolbox meeting. The topic should also be based on current safety issue. These safety messages need to be placed on the bulletin board at parking base. .

5.6 Safety Data Sheets (SDS)

SDS or Safety Data Sheet (SDS) or Product Safety Data Sheet (PSDS) is an important component of product stewardship and BTO/workplace safety. It is intended to provide BTO and ERT with procedures for handling or working with the products in a safe manner, and includes information such as physical data (i.e. meting point, boiling point, flash point, etc.), toxicity, health effects, risk phrase and other procedures.

6.0 Approved defensive driving system

6.1 Introduction

The ENGEN Approved Defensive Driving System is a series of interlocking techniques for preventing accidents. The Smith System has been adopted by ENGEN as the defensive driving technique to train our BTO to see, think and act their way through a multitude of driving environments, challenges and changes that exist no matter where they travel or types of vehicles they operate. Total awareness, perceptive anticipation, accurate forecasting, early detection, and deliberate reaction are the primary features of these techniques. For more details, please refer to Smith System Defensive Driving Manual. Contractors must either adopt the Smith or similar ENGEN approved system for defensive driving.

6.2 Common Cause of Accident

INATTENTION – many drivers don’t pay enough attention to the serious business of driving through the ever-changing traffic world.

TOO MUCH ATTENTION TO TOO LITTLE - Some drivers concentrate too much attention for long on one item, while missing others of equal or greater importance.

NOT ENOUGH TIME – Drivers often do not allow themselves adequate time to make important decisions and act on them. This problem is usually caused by not seeing enough, soon enough.

NOT ALLOWING FOR THE MISTAKES OF OTHER DRIVERS – When driving, people often fail to see or anticipate the mistakes of others in time to avoid conflict.

NOT ENOUGH TRAINING – Drivers of small vehicles can pose a variety of threats to traffic safety because their fundamental training may be inadequate.

FAILURE TO ADJUST TO CONDITIONS – Changing road, load, and weather conditions that affect vehicle handling characteristics are often not acknowledged.

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ATTITUDE – People tend to vent emotions when driving

DRIVER IMPAIRMENT – The influences of alcohol, drugs, fatigue and illness can lead

to accidents.

VEHICLE FAILURE – This causes a very small percentage of accidents.

6.3 Main Keys of Smith System

Key 1: AIM HIGH IN STEERING.

Set your sights high, look far into the future that you plan to enter. See and react

to future problems before they become unavoidable hazards.

Key 2: GET THE BIG PICTURE.

To make the right decisions, your information must be complete. The information you need lies not only 15 seconds ahead, but all around you. Set your eyes to establish a 360-degree circle of constant awareness.

Key 3: KEEP YOUR EYES MOVING.

Getting and keeping The Big Picture requires the proper scanning techniques.

Scanning requires constant eye movement. Eye movement activates your full

visual potential and keeps you alert to the changing Big Picture.

Key 4: LEAVE YOURSELF AN OUT.

Using your eyes properly gives you time to make decisions. In addition to time, you need space. Space is your way out. It’s a cushion, and an escape route, from the seen and the unforeseen. Remember BTO need to always have at least 4 seconds distance between vehicles in front.

Key 5: MAKE SURE THEY SEE YOU.

Your Big Picture includes people who may not be aware of your presence, but

should be. Get their attention, get eye contact. There are various warning signals you can use.

6.4 Frequency

There should be one scheduled sessions of Defensive Driving Course each year. Unscheduled training also must be given when a driver has had a preventable accident or if the BOS recommendation requires additional training. Road Transport Contractor must maintain a log of participants.

review date: 01 april 2021 rtsog 10 road transport safety ... · rtsog 10 road transport safety...

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