review cornucopia is also referred to as… what do we refer to to increase our awareness and...
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Review
Cornucopia is also referred to as… What do we refer to to increase our
awareness and appreciation of floral history?
What period was characterized by floral art that was simplistic, repetitious, and highly stylized?
What were the first professional florists?
Review
Wreaths were the symbol of ____________ and ______________.
Floral arrangements characterized as symmetrical, stylized tree compositions and containers filled with foliage to represent conical trees were introduced during this period?
The History of Floral Design
European Periods
Objectives•Summarize the history of floral design•Identify design characteristics of historical design periods•Explain how flowers were used based upon historical time frames
Middle Ages 476-1400 AD Little known about floral designs of this period Information found in Persian art, rugs, and
tapestries Flowers (both wild and cultivated) were an
important part of everyday life Used in food, drink, and medicine
Fragrant flowers were favored for the ground, freshening the air, and making wreaths and garlands for personal adornment and decoration
Middle Ages
Renaissance Art represented religious history – flowers in
vases were shown in paintings for symbolism A rose represented sacred or profane love A white lily was the symbol for chastity and fertility Single stems of white lilies in a humble jug was
popular Flowers were arranged in vases so only the
blossoms were visible and the stems were covered, creating massed, symmetrically stiff, conical arrangements
Varieties of bright colors and forms were used
Renaissance Wreaths & garlands were still
common Containers were pattered after Greek
and Roman periods, using elaborate metal containers with well-formed bases, stems, necks, and handles
Many containers had removable lids with holes in them to hold stems
Flowers used in Renaissance DesignRoses
Lily of the Valley
Daisies
IvyOlive Branches
Laurel
Dianthus
Lilies
Violets
Primroses
Baroque & Dutch-Flemish Styles
1500-1775 A.D1500-1775 A.D Art became
accessible to middle class instead of just church and nobility Flower arrangements
were seen in everyday situations
Economic conditions Economic conditions changed drasticallychanged drastically
Paintings show floral Paintings show floral design in everyday design in everyday situations situations
Baroque and Dutch-Flemish Baroque and Dutch-Flemish ContainersContainers Utilitarian containersUtilitarian containers GlasswareGlassware Terra cottaTerra cotta DelftwareDelftware
Hogarth CurveHogarth CurveS-curve DesignS-curve Design
• Rhythmic Rhythmic asymmetrical asymmetrical balancebalance
• English Artist - English Artist - William Hogarth William Hogarth (1697-1764(1697-1764
• Portrait of the Portrait of the Painter and His Painter and His PugPug
• Serpentine Line - Serpentine Line - “The Line of “The Line of Beauty”Beauty”
Baroque & Dutch-Flemish Styles
Elaborate ornamentation and curved lines were used Oval shape, asymmetrical balance, and S-curve
designs were all used in arrangements Over-decoration and gaudy interiors were
common Flower paintings showed creative expression in
large, flamboyant arrangements
French Period French Period (1600-1800)(1600-1800)
GRAND ERAGRAND ERA All attention was All attention was
focused on the focused on the courtcourt
Arts did not serve Arts did not serve the people, but the the people, but the courtcourt
Classic form, Classic form, refinement, refinement, eleganceelegance
French Period Emphasis was on classic
form, refinement, and elegance
Arrangements were commonly fan-shaped or triangle and massed, used as decorative accents in interiors
Vases were highly ornate (decorated), portraying elegance, and tasteful extravagance
French Period Containers
Highly ornate vasesHighly ornate vases Elegance and tasteful Elegance and tasteful
extravaganceextravagance
English – Georgian Period(aka Neo-Classical)
1714-1760 Fragrance was the most important part of a
bouquet, believing that perfume would rid the air of contagious and infectious diseases
Nosegays were created to keep flowers close by and relieve the smells of unsanitary surroundings Cleanliness was not a high standard in their
living Flowers were worn in hair and around necks or
on gowns, either at waist or the shoulder
Arrangements were formal and symmetrical, arranged with a variety of flowers
Flower–filled containers were set by fireplaces when heat wasn’t necessary (called a bough-pot)
Wedgwood and fine ceramic containers were used for expensive arrangements
Miniature arrangements in bud vases were introduced
English – Georgian Period(aka Neo-Classical)
English – Georgian Period(aka Neo-Classical)
Victorian Era 1830-1890 Flower arranging was taught and
recognized as an art Girls were taught to arrange, grow,
preserve, press, draw, and paint flowers, including making artificial flowers
Arrangements grouped large masses of flowers, foliage, and grasses together for compact designs without voids Design shapes were oval or round
Nosegays and hand bouquets were popular, conveying special sentiments with specific flowers
Victorian Era Containers were highly ornate and showy,
using all materials and shapes for holding abundant masses of flowers Posy holders were invented using
various materials Formal (concentric rings of flowers with a
symbolic flower in the center) and informal (casual mixing of fragrant blossoms) nosegay designs were used
Bosom bottles (aqua-picks) were formed to keep flowers fresh and from withering, when they were worn
Victorian Era
Review
1. The Renaissance was a period of ?2. Flowers in the Middle Ages were used in
what three things?3. What happened during the Baroque-
Dutch Flemish era in regards to acquisition of flowers?
4. Discuss the S-curve.5. The arrangements of the French period
were what shape?
Review
1. Why was fragrance so important of the flowers of the English-Georgian period?
2. In what period did girls start to study floral design principles and practices?