review: cells of the immune system
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Review: Cells of the Immune System. Leukocytes – White blood cells Myelocytes –macrophage , neutrophil, eosinophil , basophil Leukocytes – B, T and NK cells. From Larsson and Karlsson (2005). Review: Cells of the Immune System. Larsson and Karlsson (2005). Review: Myelocytes. - PowerPoint PPT PresentationTRANSCRIPT
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Review: Cells of the Immune SystemLeukocytes – White blood cells
Myelocytes –macrophage, neutrophil, eosinophil,basophil
Leukocytes – B, T and NK cells
From Larsson and Karlsson (2005)
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Review: Cells of the Immune System
Larsson and Karlsson (2005)
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Review: Myelocytes
Dendritic cell
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Review: Myelocytes•Macrophages – phagocytes, antigen presenting cells (APCs), specialized cells different organs, secrete cytokines, produce complement proteins, can produce ROS/RNS.
•Neutrophils – phagoctyes, can produce ROS/RNS, secrete antimicrobial peptides, 1st cell type to migrate from blood to infections, main targets are bacteria and fungi
•Eosinophils – phagocyte, targets parasites
•Basophils – secrete cytokines, involved in allergic response
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Lymphocytes:
T cellsB cells Natural killer cells
Review: Lymphocytes
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• B cells – naïve B cells: contain antigen binding receptor (or membrane bound antibody), once activated –
memory cells: provides memory of antigen/antibody interaction; plasma cells: secrete soluble antibody
Review: Lymphocytes
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• T cells - contain antigen binding receptor (TCR)TH cells: secretes cytokines that activate B cells, TC cells,
macrophages and others.TC cells: eliminates altered/damaged self cells (particularly
those infected by viruses), fights tumors cells, secrete cytotoxins.Treg cells: helps suppress immune response, plays a role in
tolerance.
Review: Lymphocytes
T reg cell
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•Natural killer cells – distinct from T and B cells due to lack of an antigen binding receptor, similar in function to TC cells, macrophage activation, defense against viruses, fight tumor formation, secrete cytotoxins.
Review: Cells of the Immune System
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Derived from both lymphoid and myeloid precursors
•Dendritic cells – phagoctyes, antigen presenting cells (APCs), can produce ROS, secrete proinflammatory cytokines, secrete antimicrobial peptides.
Review: Cells of the Immune System
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Review: Organs of the Immune SystemPrimary and secondary lymphoid organs:
1°- maturation of lymphocytes
2°- sites where mature lymphocytes interact with antigen.
Level of organization:
collection of cells vs.
lymphoid follicle
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Review: Innate and adaptive immunity
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Review: Innate Immune Response
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Review: Adaptive Immune ResponseAntigen/Antibody interactions:
Antigen – any substance that binds specifically to an antibody or a T cell receptor (TCR).
Antibody- a protein (immunoglobulin) that recognizes a specific region (component) of an antigen.
Properties of immunogenicity:ForeignnessMolecular sizeChemical composition/complexityProcessing/presentationHost factorsDosageRoute of entry
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Antibody-Mediated Effector FunctionsOpsonizationAssist/activate complement systemADCC
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Humoral and Cellular Immunity
•Cellular immunity – Host defenses that are mediated by antigen-specific T cells and various nonspecific cells of the immune system.
•Humoral immunity – Host defenses that are mediated by antibody present in the plasma, lymph and tissue fluids.
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The Complement System
Ricklin and Lambris 2007
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The Complement SystemFunctions of the Complement System
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The Complement SystemComponents of the Complement System:
proteins and glycoproteinssynthesized mainly by liver5% of serumcirculate as zymogens
Designation of complement components:
numerals (C1-C9)letter symbols (factor D)trivial names (homologous restriction factor)
cleavage products – “a” and “b”
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The Complement SystemComplement Activation Pathways:
Classical PathwayAlternative PathwayLectin Pathway