review before the game. meiosis what type of cells are produced? how many cells are produced at the...
TRANSCRIPT
MEIOSIS• What type of cells are produced?
• How many cells are produced at the end of this process?
• Trick: mEioSis – E=egg and S=sperm– Eggs and sperm are sex cells
MEIOSIS• What type of cells are produced?
– Sex cells
• How many cells are produced at the end of this process?– 4
• Trick: mEioSis – E=egg and S=sperm– Eggs and sperm are sex cells
MEIOSIS• This term refers to the number of
chromosomes in the parent cell at the BEGINNING of the process.
• This term refers to the number of chromosomes in each cell at the END of the process.
MEIOSIS• This term refers to the number of
chromosomes in the parent cell at the BEGINNING of the process.– Diploid
• This term refers to the number of chromosomes in each cell at the END of the process.– Haploid
MITOSIS• Which cells in your body are
produced by this process?
• How many cells are produced at the end of this process?
• Trick: MITosis – Makes It Two
MITOSIS• Which cells in your body are
produced by this process?– Most of the cells in your body (except
sex cells)
• How many cells are produced at the end of this process?– 2
• Trick: MITosis – Makes It Two
MITOSIS• This term refers to the number of
chromosomes in the parent cell at the BEGINNING of the process.
• This term refers to the number of chromosomes in each cell at the END of the process.
MITOSIS• This term refers to the number of
chromosomes in the parent cell at the BEGINNING of the process.– Diploid
• This term refers to the number of chromosomes in each cell at the END of the process.– Diploid
SELECTIVE BREEDING
gentle, intelligent and family-friendly
Labrador Retriever
hypoallergenic coat may reduce allergic
reactions
Poodle
GENETIC ENGINEERING
Scientists can manipulate individual genes. They do not select organisms and breed them. They take out DNA from one organism and insert it into the cells of another.
In this example, scientists added a gene from fireflies to this plant which causes it to grow.
DNA Fingerprinting•Unique patterns in an individual’s DNA
•Can be used as evidence in crime scenes
•Identifies family relations or herditary diseases
PEDIGREES
•Know how to read and interpret a pedigree. You should be able to identify:
– Males and Females– Who has a recessive trait, who is a carrier,
and who does not have the trait– The genotype for each person
DNA• What does the “base-pair rule”
state?
• If 40% of the DNA is guanine, what percent is:– Cytosine? – Thymine? – Adenine?
DNA• What does the “base-pair rule”
state?– The amount of adenine = thymine and
the amount of cytosine = guanine
• If 40% of the DNA is guanine, what percent is:– Cytosine? (40%)– Thymine? (10%)– Adenine? (10%)
This term refers to the number of chromosomes found in cells at the end of mitosis. A: Diploid (A full set)
The parent cell of an organism has 22 pairs of chromosomes. 1) What is the diploid number?2) What is the haploid number?
The parent cell of an organism has 22 pairs of chromosomes.1) What is the diploid number?A: 442) What is the haploid number?A: 22
Who determines a child’s sex? The male or the female? A: Male (because females can only pass on an X chromosome. Males can pass on either an X or a Y, and whichever chromosome the male passes on will determine the sex)
A dog breeder crosses a poodle with a lab in order to have dogs that do not shed. This is an example of what?
A dog breeder crosses a poodle with a lab in order to have dogs that do not shed. This is an example of what?A: Selective Breeding
What is the rule that states that A always pairs with T, and C always pairs with G? A: Base-Pair Rule
What scientist discovered that the amount of adenine always equals the amount of thymine, and the amount of cytosine always equals the amount of guanine?
What scientist discovered that the amount of adenine always equals the amount of thymine, and the amount of cytosine always equals the amount of guanine? A: Erwin Chargaff
Who was the 1st scientist to produce images of DNA molecules using X-ray diffraction? A: Rosalind Franklin
List the 3 kinds of mutations that can occur when DNA is copied.A: Deletion, Insertion, and Substitution
Since DNA can’t fit through the nuclear pores, _____ takes the message from the DNA out to the cell.
Since DNA can’t fit through the nuclear pores, _____ takes the message from the DNA out to the cell?A: RNA
1.Draw a male with the trait
2.Using the letter “F”, write his genotype.
Practice with Pedigrees(we are tracking a recessive trait)
1.Draw a male who has the trait
2.Using the letter “F”, write his genotype.A: ff
Practice with Pedigrees(we are tracking a recessive trait)
1.Draw a female carrier of the trait
2.Using the letter “F”, write her genotype.
3.Does she have the trait?
Practice with Pedigrees(we are tracking a recessive trait)
1.Draw a female carrier of the trait
2.Using the letter “F”, write her genotype.A: Ff
3.Does she have the trait?A: No
Practice with Pedigrees(we are tracking a recessive trait)
This shape is in a pedigree:
Would you conclude that this is a sex-linked trait?
Practice with Pedigrees(we are tracking a recessive trait)
This shape is in a pedigree:
Would you conclude that this is a sex-linked trait?A: No, males can’t be carriers of sex-linked traits
Practice with Pedigrees(we are tracking a recessive trait)
Scientists added genes from a firefly to a tobacco plant which caused the plant to glow. This type of manipulation is known as ________ ________.
Scientists added genes from a firefly to a tobacco plant which caused the plant to glow. This type of manipulation is known as genetic engineering.
This is the process that identifies the unique patterns in a person’s DNA. It can be helpful in many areas, including solving crimes and identifying hereditary diseases.