review article quarkonium production and proposal of the ...quarkonia are important probes to study...

Review ArticleQuarkonium Production and Proposal ofthe New Experiments on Fixed Target at the LHC

A B Kurepin and N S Topilskaya

Institute for Nuclear Research RAS 60th October Anniversary Prospect 7a Moscow 117312 Russia

Correspondence should be addressed to N S Topilskaya topilskainrru

Received 20 March 2015 Revised 26 May 2015 Accepted 28 June 2015

Academic Editor Jibo He

Copyright copy 2015 A B Kurepin and N S Topilskaya This is an open access article distributed under the Creative CommonsAttribution License which permits unrestricted use distribution and reproduction in any medium provided the original work isproperly cited The publication of this article was funded by SCOAP3

The brief review of the experimental data on quarkonium productions measured at the CERN SPS at the Brookhaven ColliderRHIC and at the LHC is presented The dissociation of quarkonium resonances produced in heavy ion collisions was suggested asa possible signal of the Quark-Gluon Plasma formation At the CERN SPS the anomalous suppression of the 119869120595 production wasobserved in central Pb-Pb collisions by the NA50 collaboration However the effects of 119869120595 suppression on cold nuclear matterfeed-down production from higher charmonium states and regeneration processes should be taken into account If proton andion beams at the LHC will be used with fixed targets the energy interval between the SPS energy and the nominal RHIC energy(200GeV) could be investigated The high statistics data on quarkonium productions at these energies will give the possibilityof clarifying the mechanism of charmonium productions to investigate the importance of the recombination process since theprobability of recombination decreases with decreasing the energy of collisions

1 Introduction

The existence of the Quark-Gluon Plasma (QGP) is predictedby lattice QCD at high temperature and large energy densityQuarkonia are important probes to study the propertiesof the deconfined matter The dissociation of heavy-quarkresonances by color screening in a deconfined medium wassuggested by Matsui and Satz as a possible signal of theQuark-Gluon Plasma formation in ultrarelativistic heavy ioncollisions [1]

Quarkonium productions have been previously studiedat the CERN SPS by NA38 [2] NA50 [3ndash7] and NA60[8 9] experiments at the FNAL [10] and by fixed targetp-A experiments at the HERA-B [11] In 1997 the NA50experiment has observed an ldquoanomalousrdquo suppression of the119869120595 production in central Pb-Pb collisions [3] However thecold nuclear matter (CNM) effects and feed-down produc-tion of 119869120595 from higher charmonium states which affect theextraction of hot and densematter effects should be carefullymeasured In spite of many experimental results already

obtained on the 119869120595 production in p-A collisions they arestill not well understood especially at small Bjorken 119909

119861and

large Feynman 119909119865 where the CNM effects are expected

to be large Quarkonium productions have been studied inthe Brookhaven National Laboratory at RHIC by PHENIX[12ndash16] and STAR experiments [17ndash19] It was shown thatthe 119869120595 suppression measured by PHENIX experiment atradic119904 = 200GeV is of the same order as the suppression atthe SPS energies for Pb-Pb collisions [13 20] In order toget better agreement between theoretical description of theRHIC and the SPS experimental results the models thatinclude the regeneration of 119869120595 were developed [21ndash24] Thequarkoniumproductions have beenmeasured at significantlyhigher energies at the LHC by ALICE [25 26] CMS [27 28]ATLAS [29 30] and LHCb [31 32] experiments At the LHCenergies the contribution of B-decay should be taken intoaccount [27 29 31ndash33] The high statistics measurements atthe LHC could investigate the properties of matter at highenergy density and temperature However the quarkoniumstudy at energies below the LHC energy is also very important

Hindawi Publishing CorporationAdvances in High Energy PhysicsVolume 2015 Article ID 760840 13 pageshttpdxdoiorg1011552015760840

2 Advances in High Energy Physics

in order to investigate the mechanism of production themedium effects and conditions for the Quark-Gluon Plasmaformation If it would be possible to use the proton andion beams at the LHC with fixed targets the data in theenergy interval between maximum energy of the SPS (radic119904 sim

29GeV) and the nominal RHIC energy (radic119904 = 200GeV) in p-A and A-A collisions could be obtained For 045 TeV protonbeam the energy in N-N centre-of-mass system is radic119904NN= 291 GeV for 7 TeV proton beam radic119904NN = 1146GeV andfor 275 TeVPb beam radic119904NN = 718GeV The high statisticsdata on quarkonium production at these energies will givethe possibility of clarifying the mechanism of charmoniumproduction to investigate the importance of recombinationprocess since the probability of recombination decreaseswith decreasing the energy of collisions

2 Charmonium Production at the CERN SPS

The productions of 119869120595 and 120595(2S) have been studied atthe CERN SPS by the NA50 experiment Data have beentaken for Pb-Pb collisions at 158GeV per nucleon [3 7]and for p-A collisions at 450 [4 5] and 400GeV [6] Thenuclear suppression of the 119869120595 production in proton-nucleusreactions and an anomalous suppression in central lead-leadcollisions were observed [3 7] In the NA60 experimentthe 119869120595 production was measured in In-In collisions at158GeV per nucleon [8] and in p-A collisions at 400 and158GeV [9] The NA60 results in p-A collisions at 400GeVconfirm the NA50 values of absorption cross section at thesame energy On the other hand the NA60 158GeV p-Adata give higher values of absorption Rather strong energydependence of the absorption cross section was observedHowever the older NA3 119869120595 results at 200GeV [34] are inpartial contradiction with these observations and give valuesof absorption cross section similar to those obtained at thehigher energy This difference has not yet been satisfactorilyexplained by theoretical models Therefore it is important tomeasure the charmonium production cross sections in p-pp-A and A-A collisions at the same energy and in the samekinematic domain

The heavy-quark pair can interact with the nuclearmatterand eventually break up It is the effect of nuclear absorptionThe cold nuclear matter (CNM) effect in suppression of the119869120595 production includes not only nuclear absorption butalso the shadowing effect that is the modification of theparton distribution function in nuclear matter compared tothe free nucleon If shadowing is taken into account theamount of the anomalous 119869120595 suppression is reduced Also itis necessary to consider the energy loss of partons in nuclearmatter The charmonium can also interact with surroundingcomovers and lose energy or even break up

For In-In collisions at 158GeV per nucleon after adjust-ment for the effects of cold nuclear matter the additionalsuppression becomes quite small But the value of the anoma-lous suppression in the most central Pb-Pb collisions is of theorder of 20ndash30 So to extract the effects of hot and densenuclear matter in the 119869120595 production at the SPS energiesthe CNM effects and feed-down production from highercharmonium states must be taken into account

3 Charmonium Production at the RelativisticHeavy Ion Collider RHIC

At the RHIC the production of 119869120595 was measured inp-p d-Au Au-Au and Cu-Cu collisions by the PHENIXexperiment at radic119904NN = 200GeV energy in the N-N centre-of-mass [12ndash16] To quantify the suppression of the 119869120595

production in heavy ion collisions the nuclear modificationfactor 119877AA was introduced

119877AA equiv119889119873AA119889119910

(119889119873pp119889119910 sdot ⟨119873coll⟩) (1)

which is the ratio of the 119869120595 yield in A-A collisions normal-ized to the number of binary collisions119873coll to the 119869120595 yieldin p-p collisions The nuclear modification factor has beenmeasured as a function of several parameters the centralityof collisions the multiplicity the transverse momentum andthe number of participants (119873part)

The suppression of the 119869120595 production in Au-Au col-lisions is considerably stronger at forward rapidity range12 lt |119910| lt 22 than at midrapidity |119910| lt 035 ThePHENIX data for Au-Au and d-Au collisions were analyzedsimultaneously for estimation of the CNM contributionThe nuclear modification factor for cold nuclear matter119877AA(CNM)was obtained inAu-Au collisions at themeasuredrapidity ranges [20] The ratio 119877AA119877AA(CNM) estimates thevalue of additional suppression of the 119869120595 production in thehot and dense nuclear matter produced in relativistic heavyions collisionsThe119877AA119877AA(CNM) ratio atradic119904NN = 200GeVis similar to the forward rapidity andmidrapidity and reachesabout 50 for the most central events

Comparison of the 119877AA119877AA(CNM) ratio estimated forNA50 NA60 and PHENIX data versus 119889119873119889120578 at pseudo-rapidity 120578 = 0 which is proportional to the energy densityshows that at RHIC energy anomalous suppression of 119869120595 forcolliding nuclei is the same as at SPS energy [20] (Figure 1)

The nuclear modification factor for cold matter119877AA(CNM) was obtained under the assumption that inp-p p-A and d-Au collisions at SPS and RHIC energiesthe hot and dense nuclear matter is not formed There aresome indications that the hot matter effects could present ind-Au collisions at the RHIC energies [35] These effects maycontribute to p-p and p-A collisions at higher energies

The production of 119869120595 in p-p Au-Au and Cu-Cucollisions was measured also by STAR experiment at theRHIC at midrapidity |119910| lt 1 for low 119901

119879lt 5GeVc [17]

and for high 119901119879

gt 5GeVc [18 19] The value of 119877AA inAu-Au collisions shows strong suppression at low trans-verse momentum but the suppression decreases significantlywith increasing momentum The 119869120595 suppression in Au-Au collisions at low 119901

119879lt 5GeVc and at midrapidity is

compatible to that measured by PHENIX It was found thatthe results are consistent with models that include colorscreening and regeneration [36 37] The data from PHENIXshow a significant suppression in midcentral and centralCu-Cu collisions [15] The STAR Cu-Cu data [19] exhibitno suppression but the precision is limited by the availablestatistics

Advances in High Energy Physics 3

14

12

1

08

06

04

RA

AR

AA

(CN

M)

0 100 200 300 400 500 600 700 800

EKS98 CNM baseline

NA60 ln-lnNA50 Pb-Pb

Narrow boxes correlated systemWide boxes CNM baseline system

dNd120578|120578=0

PHENIX Au + Au y = 0

Figure 1 Comparison of the 119877AA119877AA(CNM) ratio obtained at theSPS and PHENIX versus 119889119873119889120578 at 120578 = 0

The production of 119869120595 in asymmetric Cu-Au heavy ioncollisions was measured also at the RHIC atradic119904NN = 200GeVfor both forward (Cu-going direction) and backward (Au-going direction) rapidity [38] The suppression in the Au-going direction is found to be consistent with the suppressionmeasured in Au-Au collisions In the Cu-going direction the119869120595 suppression is stronger The difference may be due to theCNM effects which are different at forward and backwardrapidity

Recently at the RHIC the 119869120595 production in U-U colli-sions was measured at radic119904NN = 193GeV [39 40] The nuclearmodification factor for 119869120595 in U-U collisions for forwardrapidity is very close to theAu-Au data with a hint of a slightlyweaker suppression in central U-U collisions

The RHIC experimental data could be described by the-oretical models based on the regeneration of 119869120595 Additional119869120595 mesons are expected to be produced from deconfinedcharm quarks by kinetic recombination in the QGP [21 2236 37] or by statistical hadronization at the phase boundary[23 24]

Bottomonium productions were also studied at the RHICin p-p d-Au andAu-Au collisions [16 39]The suppression oftotalΥ(1S + 2S + 3S) yield measured by PHENIX is consistentwith measurements made by STAR The regeneration ofbottomonia is expected to be small as compared to the 119869120595But the energy resolution at RHICwas insufficient to separatethe contributions of individual states

The nuclear modification factor 119877AA for the 119869120595 produc-tion measured in Au-Au collisions at lower energies 624 and39GeV reveals approximately the same 119869120595 suppression as at200GeV but has large statistical errors due to low luminosity

and large systematical errors because of lack of p-p collisionsat the same energies [41] At the RHIC the luminositystrongly decreases with decreasing the energy of collisionsThe investigations at lower energywith high statistics are veryimportant for understanding the mechanism of charmoniumproduction for investigation the contribution of cold andhot nuclear matter effects In addition the contribution ofrecombination process decreases with decreasing the energyof collision

The fixed target experiment at high luminosity LHCbeams could provide measurements for p-p p-A and A-A collisions with the same equipment for different nucleitargetsThe energy of collisionswould be lower than the nom-inal RHIC energy (200GeV) The charmonium productioncould be investigated with high statistics and low systematicerrors and may provide reference from p-p data at theseenergies for RHIC

4 Quarkonium Production atthe CERN Large Hadron Collider LHC

At the LHC at CERN quarkonium productions were mea-sured at the energymore than ten times higher than at RHICFive quarkonium states from two families are under studycharmonia119869120595 and 120595(2S) and bottomonia Υ(1S) Υ(2S) andΥ(3S) In four experiments ALICE [25 26 42ndash46] CMS[27 28 47ndash49] ATLAS [29 30] and LHCb [31 32 5051] the quarkonium productions were measured in differentenergy rapidity and transverse momentum ranges In allexperiments p-p p-Pb and Pb-Pb collisions were measuredexcept for LHCb where there was no Pb-Pb program

The quarkonium production in p-p collisions at radic119904NN =276 7 and 8 TeV is useful for investigating the productionmechanism for comparison with different QCD model cal-culations and as a reference for understanding any additionaleffects in p-A and A-A collisions The study of quarkoniumproduction in p-Pb collisions atradic119904NN = 502 TeV is importantto distinguish the effects of Quark-Gluon Plasma from coldnuclear matter and to provide input to understanding ofnucleus-nucleus collisionsThe information about propertiesof hot and dense medium created in the collisions couldbe obtained from the measurements of Pb-Pb collisions atradic119904NN = 276 TeV

41 Charmonium Production at the LHC At the LHC thecharmonium 119869120595 and 120595(2S) productions were measured inp-p collisions at 276 7 and 8 TeV and in Pb-Pb collisionsat 276 TeV Measurement of the 119869120595 production in p-pcollision at the same energy as in Pb-Pb collision providesthe reference for extracting the nuclear modification factor119877AA There is a good agreement for p-p collisions betweenthe data obtained by ALICE [25] CMS [27] ATLAS [29]and LHCb [31] experiments in the same kinematic domains[52] Comparison of charmonium 119869120595 and 120595(2S) productioncross sections at forward rapidity in p-p collisions at 7 TeV[42] obtained by ALICE and LHCb experiments is shown inFigure 2

The mechanism of charmonium production was inves-tigated by measuring the cross sections in p-p collisions


0 2 4 6 8 10 12 14 16 18 20

pT (GeVc)

d2120590(dpTdy)

(120583b

(GeV

c))

pp radics = 7 TeV inclusive J120595 25 lt y lt 4

ALICE L int = 135pbminus1 plusmn 5

ALICE L int = 156nbminus1 plusmn 55

LHCb L int = 52pbminus1 plusmn 10Systematic uncertaintyBR system unc not shown

1

10minus1

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10minus4

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(a)

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pT (GeVc)

pp radics = 7 TeV inclusive 120595(2S)

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LHCb 2 lt y lt 45 L int = 36pbminus1 plusmn 13Systematic uncertaintyBR system unc not shown

d2120590(dpTdy)

(120583b

(GeV

c))

1

10minus1

10minus2

10minus3

10minus4

(b)

Figure 2 Comparison of charmonium production cross sections in p-p collisions at 7 TeV versus transverse momentum for ALICE andLHCb data for 119869120595 (a) and 120595(2S) (b)

as functions of energy transverse momentum and rapidityCross sections are compared to the theoretical models [42]Unfortunately none of the models including NLO QCD areable to describe simultaneously different aspects of quarko-nium production By increasing the energy of collisions themean transverse momentum and production cross sectionof 119869120595 become larger For forward rapidity the cross sec-tion is smaller than at midrapidity The contribution of B-decay to 119869120595 production cross section was measured Thiscontribution depends on rapidity increases with growing of119869120595 transverse momentum and is of the order of 10 fortransverse momentum about 15 GeVc [27 29 33]

ALICE [26 43] CMS [28] and ATLAS [30] experimentshave measured charmonium productions in Pb-Pb collisionsat radic119904NN = 276 TeV In the ALICE experiment 119869120595 mesonswere detected in rapidity range |119910| lt 09 (for 119869120595 decay intotwo electrons) and 25 lt 119910 lt 4 (for muon channel) withtransverse momentum values from about zero up to 8GeVcIn ATLAS and CMS experiments the 119869120595 production wasmeasured in the rapidity range |119910| lt 24 but the rangeof transverse momentum values depends on the rapidity InATLAS experiment only the data for 119869120595mesons productionwith large transverse momentum 119901

119879gt 65GeVc were

obtained The comparison of PHENIX and ALICE nuclearmodification factors119877AA for inclusive 119869120595 production [13 26]is shown in Figure 3

Smaller suppression in the ALICE measurements of theinclusive 119869120595 production in Pb-Pb collisions at radic119904NN =276 TeV [26 43] compared to PHENIX results in Au-Aucollisions at radic119904NN = 02 TeV [13] was found These measure-ments are compatible with a regeneration mechanism Thisadditional hot nuclear matter effect works in an opposite

direction to the suppression by color screening At the LHCenergy the charm quark density produced in the collisionsis larger than at SPS and RHIC energies The probabilityof 119888119888 recombination increases with increasing the energy ofcollision and at the LHC energies may become dominant Inparticular this mechanism predicts an increase of 119877AA fromforward rapidity to midrapidity where the density of charmquarks is higherMoreover in order to recombine two charmquarks need to be close enough in phase space so the effectwill be larger at low119901

119879of 119869120595 in agreementwith experimental

data [36 37]At the LHC charmonium productions were measured

in p-Pb collisions at the energy radic119904NN = 502 TeV by ALICE[44 45] and LHCb [50] experiments The inclusive 119869120595 pro-duction has been studied by ALICE [44] The measurementis performed down to zero transverse momentum in thecenter of mass rapidity domains 203 lt 119910 lt 353 andminus446 lt 119910 lt minus296 in muon channel In p-Pb collisionsthe 119869120595 production was also measured in electron channelin rapidity domain minus137 lt 119910 lt 043 [44] Since p-pcollisions data at radic119904NN = 502 TeV for determination of 119877pPbare not available the reference 120590pp(119869120595) has been obtainedby an interpolation procedure based on p-p collisions resultsat radic119904NN = 276 TeV and 7TeV obtained by the ALICEexperiment At forward rapidity corresponding to the protonbeam direction a suppression of the 119869120595 yield with respect tobinary-scaled p-p collisions is observed but in the backwardregion no suppression is foundThe experimental results andcomparison with theoretical predictions [44] are shown inFigure 4

The Color Glass Condensate (CGC) model [53] couldnot describe the data Theoretical calculations based on


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AA

⟨Npart⟩

ALICE (PLB 734 (2014) 314) 25 lt y lt 4 0 lt pT lt 8GeVc

PHENIX (PRC 84 (2011) 054912) 12 lt |y| lt 22 pT gt 0GeVc

Global system = plusmn15


Inclusive J120595 rarr 120583+120583minus Pb-Pb radicsNN = 276 TeVand Au-Au radicsNN = 02 TeV

(a)

00 50 100 150 200 250 300 350 400

02

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1

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RA

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⟨Npart⟩

ALICE (PLB 734 (2014) 314) |y| lt 08 pT gt 0GeVc

PHENIX (PRC 84 (2011) 054912) |y| lt 035 pT gt 0GeVc



Inclusive J120595 rarr e+eminus Pb-Pb radicsNN = 276 TeVand Au-Au radicsNN = 02 TeV

(b)

Figure 3 Comparison of 119877AA results obtained by PHENIX and ALICE experiments The two panels show the data at forward rapidity (a)and midrapidity (b)

0

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RpP

b

minus4 minus3 minus2 minus1 0 1 2 3 4ycms

0 lt pT lt 15GeVc

L int (203 lt ycms lt 353) = 50nbminus1

p-Pb radicsNN = 502 TeV inclusive J120595 rarr 120583+120583minus

L int (minus446 lt ycms lt minus296) = 58nbminus1

EPS09 NLO (Vogt)CGC (Fujii and Watanable)ELoss q0 = 0075GeV2fm (Arleo and Peign e)EPS09 NLO + ELoss q0 = 0055GeV2fm (Arleo and Peign e)

Figure 4 Comparison of ALICE 119877pPb results for inclusive 119869120595 withtheoretical predictions

nuclear shadowing [54] as well as on themodels including inaddition a contribution frompartonic energy loss [55 56] arein better agreement with the experimental results (Figure 4)

The ALICE results are in agreement with results forinclusive 119869120595 mesons presented by LHCb collaboration [57]Nuclear modification factors are determined separately forprompt 119869120595 mesons and for 119869120595 from B-hadron decays by

LHCb experimentThe suppression of prompt 119869120595mesons inp-Pb collisions with respect to p-p collisions at large rapidityis observed while the production from B-hadron decays isless suppressed

The 120595(2S) production was measured in p-Pb collisionsby ALICE [45] The nuclear modification factor for inclusive120595(2S) is evaluated A significantly larger suppression of the120595(2S) compared to the inclusive 119869120595 was obtained Theoreti-cal models predictions which include parton shadowing andcoherent energy loss mechanism reproduce 119869120595 suppressionbut could not describe 120595(2S) data [56] The models underes-timate the 120595(2S) suppression A comparison with theoreticalpredictions is shown in Figure 5 Additional effects should beconsidered for interpretation of the results

42 Bottomonium Production at the LHC In p-p collisionsat radic119904NN = 7TeV the inclusive production cross sectionsof Υ(1S) and Υ(2S) have been measured as a function of119901119879and rapidity by ALICE [42] There is a good agreement

of ALICE data with measurements from LHCb experiment[31 58] in the similar 119901

119879and rapidity ranges The data

are complemented to CMS measurements at midrapidity[47 59] The results could be described by NLO NRQCDcalculations

The CMS Collaboration at the LHC has observed thesequential suppression of Υ(1S) Υ(2S) and Υ(3S) bottomo-nium states in Pb-Pb collisions at radic119904NN = 276 TeV [4849] The Υ(1S) yield is suppressed by approximately a factorof two with respect to the expectation from p-p collisionsobtained by scaling with the number of binary nucleon-nucleon collisions The Υ(2S) and the Υ(3S) are stronglysuppressed Due to the lower production cross section of


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18R

pPb

1 3 5 70 2 4 6 8

pT (GeVc)

ALICE p-Pb radicsNN = 502 TeV 203 lt ycms lt 353

EPS09 NLO (Vogt)

J120595

120595(2S)

EPS09 NLO + q0 = 0055GeV2fm (ArleoELoss with and Peign e)= 0075GeV2fmELoss with q0 (Arleo and Peign e)

(a)

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RpP

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1 3 5 70 2 4 6 8

pT (GeVc)

ALICE p-Pb radicsNN = 502 TeV minus446 lt ycms lt minus296

EPS09 NLO (Vogt)

J120595

120595(2S)


(b)

Figure 5 Comparison of ALICE 119877pPb results for 119869120595 and 120595(2S) at forward (a) and backward (b) rapidity with theoretical predictions

119887119887 pairs compared to 119888119888 pairs the regeneration of Υ(1S) isexpected to be smaller than that of 119869120595 [60] On the otherhand the CNM effects can also modify the production ofbottomonia in nucleus-nucleus collisions

The inclusive Υ(1S) production in Pb-Pb collisions wasmeasured by ALICE at forward rapidity in muon channeldown to zero transverse momentum [61] A strong sup-pression was observed with respect to p-p collisions scaledby the number of nucleon-nucleon collisions The ALICEresults are compared with CMS data (|119910| lt 24) [48] Theobserved suppression is stronger at forward rapidity thanat midrapidity The transport model [60] predicts a nearlyconstant 119877AA as a function of rapidity and could not repro-duce ALICE and CMS data The transport model includesboth suppression and regeneration effects CNM effects wereestimated by using the effective absorption cross sectionThe transport model clearly underestimates the observedsuppression but the shape of the centrality dependence isquite well reproduced Another transport model [62] alsoincludes suppression and small regeneration component andCNM effect with shadowingThemodel reproduces the CMSdata but underestimates the ALICE data at forward rapidityBoth transport models [60 62] predict stronger suppressionfor central events in agreement with centrality dependenceof ALICE data The comparison of the data with transportmodel calculations [60] is shown in Figure 6

The inclusive Υ(1S) and Υ(2S) productions were mea-sured also by ALICE [46] and LHCb [57] in p-Pb collisionsat radic119904NN = 502 TeV At forward rapidity suppression of theinclusive Υ(1S) yield in p-Pb collisions with respect to theyield from p-p collisions scaled by the number of binary

nucleon-nucleon collisions is observed But at backwardrapidity the suppression is less (Figure 7)

The results are compared with several theoretical modelcalculations [54 55] including partonic energy loss effectswith and without nuclear shadowing Only models withenergy loss plus shadowing could describe the data at forwardrapidity but these models underestimate the suppression atbackward rapidity

The production of charmonia and bottomonia is theobject of intense theoretical and experimental investigationsTheir production mechanism in p-p collisions is describedby models based on Quantum Chromodynamics (QCD) andgives reference for comparison with p-A and A-A data At theLHC in Pb-Pb collisions the evidence for additional 119869120595 pro-duction from regeneration at low 119901

119879and strong 119869120595 suppres-

sion at large transverse momentum was obtained For p-Pbcollisions theoretical models including nuclear suppressionparton shadowing and coherent energy loss effects couldreproduce 119869120595 production but fail to describe additionalsuppression of 120595(2S) and underestimate the observed Υ(1S)suppression at forward rapidity

At the LHC and RHIC the collective and hot nuclearmatter effects may also be present in p-Pb at 502 TeV and ind-Au collisions at 200GeV [35] Therefore the measurementof nuclear effects at lower energies and assuming the absenceof the QGP formation in p-p and p-A collisions couldgive a reference for the study of hot nuclear matter effectsMoreover the contribution of recombination process is smallat low energies The RHIC heavy flavor program with theenergy scan can perform this investigation but unfortunatelythe luminosity at RHIC strongly decreases with decreasingthe energy of collision


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minus4 minus3 minus2 minus1 0 1 2 3 4y

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Emerick and Rapp EPJ A48 (2012) 72TotalPrimordial

ALICE L int = 69 120583bminus1 0ndash90 (open reflected)CMS L int = bminus1 0ndash100 (PRL 109 (2012) 222301)150120583

(a)

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Regenerated

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(b)

Figure 6 Comparison with theoretical predictions ALICE and CMS 119877PbPb results forΥ(1S) versus rapidity (a) and ALICE results versus119873part(b)

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CEM + EPS09 NLO (Vogt arXiv 13013395 and privcomm)

ELossELoss + EPS09 NLO

Eloss (Arleo and Peign e JHEP 1303 (2013) 122)

Figure 7 Comparison of ALICE 119877pPb results for Υ(1S) versusrapidity with theoretical predictions

5 Quarkonium Production atFixed Target at the LHC Beams

Theenergy intervals between the SPS theRHIC and the LHCare very important to study the mechanism of quarkoniumproduction and suppression and for the investigation of themedium effects and conditions of the Quark-Gluon Plasmaformation Investigation of the cold nuclear matter effect andunderstanding the properties of matter require systematic

and high statistics measurements of quarkonium productionalso in the low energy region To clarify theCNMeffects it willbe possible to study the mechanism of quarkonium produc-tion and suppression with high statistics at low energies up to35GeVper nucleon in the CBM experiment at FAIR [63] andin the MPD experiment at NICA collider in Dubna [64] Atthe CERN SPS the fixed target experiment CHIC (Charm inHeavy Ion Collisions) for charmonium study at energy up toradic119904NN sim20GeV is under preparation [65] The Beam EnergyScan (BES-I) program at RHIC was performed by STAR andPHENIX collaborations At STAR there is an ongoing fixedtarget program with data already taken in the gold target testduring 145GeVAu-Au run in 2014withradic119904NN =39GeV [66]

If the LHC proton and ion beams would be used withfixed targets the energy below the nominal RHIC energy(200GeV) in p-A and A-A collisions could be investigatedFor 7 TeV proton beam the energy in N-N cm is radic119904NN =1146GeV and for Pb beam at 275 TeV it is radic119904NN = 718GeVBy using the LHC beams with reduced energy the datacould be taken in the range 30ndash100GeV QCD phase diagrammay have interesting features probed by 10ndash100GeV beamson fixed target Search for signature of the phase transitionand location of the critical point is the main goal of energyscan Moreover this is a possibility of investigating themechanism of charmonium 119869120595 and 120595(2S) productions Itwill be possible to separate themechanismof hard productionand then suppression by hadronic dissociation in QGPfrom secondary production with recombination since theprobability of recombination could decrease with decreasingenergy of collision like in thermal model [67]

The existing system to inject the gas target for the lumi-nosity measurement (SMOG) at LHCb experiment couldbe used for fixed target physics [68] There are some test-ing measurements of p-Ne and Pb-Ne collisions but for


the moment there are no precise measurements of the gasdensity and pressure

The main parameter for quarkonium production mea-surement in the fixed target experiment is the acceptanceIn order to study the feasibility of using the fixed targetat the LHC for charmonium production the geometricalacceptances for 119869120595 production on fixed target by meansof AliRoot-FAST simulations were obtained The detaileddescription of the calculation was given in [69] For themodel of quarkonium production the phenomenologicalColor Octet Model (COM) was used [70 71] For prompt119869120595 production the rapidity and transverse momentumdistributions are obtained respectively as a parameterizationof theCOMpredictions and by extrapolating to LHCenergiesthe 119869120595 transverse momentum (119901

119879) distribution measured

at midrapidity by the CDF experiment at energy radic119904NN =18 TeV The geometrical acceptances of the 119869120595 productionfor PHENIX at RHIC and fixed target experiments NA50 atSPS and HERA-B were also calculated for comparison [69]

51 Geometrical Acceptances for Fixed Target Pb-Pb Collisionsat the Energy 119879 = 275TeV per Nucleon radic119904NN = 718GeVThe geometrical acceptance for the 119869120595 production at ALICEdimuon spectrometer was calculated by the beam axis atthe interaction point 119911 = 0 at the points 119911 = +50 cm (inthe direction to the dimuon spectrometer) and 119911 = minus50 cm(outside the ITS) and at point 119911 = +350 cm The transversemomentum distribution for 119869120595 was generated using 119901

119879

spectra in theCDF form the same as forHERAandPHENIXconsistent with COM

119889119873

119889119901119879

sim 119901119879[1+(

35120587119901119879

256 ⟨119901119879⟩)

2

]

minus6

(2)

For rapidity distribution the Gaussian spectra were usedTheparameters of distribution were energy scaled For Pb-Pbcollisions 119901

119879spectra with the value ⟨119901

119879⟩ = 14 and Gaussian

rapidity distribution with mean values 119910cm = 0 and 120590 = 11were used The acceptances at 119911 = +50 cm and 119911 = minus50 cmare approximately the same but at point 119911 = +350 cm thegeometrical acceptance is much less The results were shownin [69]

In Figure 8 the Pb-Pb results for 119911 = 0 and 119911=+50 cm areplottedThe 119869120595 are accepted in the rapidity range minus25 lt 120578 lt

minus40 (minus297 lt 120578 lt minus409) for 119869120595 production at the point 119911 =0 (119911 = +50 cm) The geometrical acceptances 119868 are equal to(120plusmn02) for 119869120595 production at 119911 = 0 point and (80plusmn02) at 119911 = +50 cm

52 Geometrical Acceptances for Fixed Target p-p and p-ACollisions at the Energy 119879 = 7TeV Corresponding to radic119904NN =

1146GeV The 119869120595 productions in p-p and p-Pb collisionsare generated using 119901

119879spectra in the same form as for Pb-Pb

collision but with the energy scaled parameter

119889119873

119889119901119879

sim 119901119879[1+(

35120587119901119879

256 ⟨119901119879⟩)

2

]

minus6

(3)

where ⟨119901119879⟩ = 16 For rapidity distribution the Gaussian

spectra were used with mean value being equal to 119910cm = 0and 120590 = 125 Geometrical acceptances for 119869120595 productionwere calculated at points 119911 = 0 119911 = +50 cm and 119911 =minus50 cm (outside the ITS) and at point 119911=+350 cmThe resultswere shown in [69] The acceptances at 119911 = +50 cm and 119911 =minus50 cm are roughly the same but at point 119911 = +350 cm thegeometrical acceptance is much less In Figure 9 the resultsfor 119911 = 0 and 119911 = +50 cm are plotted

The geometrical acceptances 119868 are equal to (85 plusmn 02) for 119869120595 production at 119911 = 0 point and (60 plusmn 03) at 119911 =+50 cm We have calculated also the geometrical acceptancesfor 119869120595 with the cut on transverse momentum of the singlemuon 119901

119879gt 1 GeVc The calculated geometrical acceptances

for fixed target measurements are of the same order and evenlarger than geometrical acceptances for colliding nuclei inALICE [69]

53 Luminosity Cross Sections and Counting Rates for p-p p-A and Pb-Pb Collisions The target in the form of thin ribboncould be placed around the main orbit of the LHC as it wasalready used for the experiment on collider with a fixed targetat HERA-B [72] The life time of the beam is determined bythe beam-beam and beam-gas interactions Therefore aftersome time the particles will leave the main orbit and interactwith the target ribbon So for fixed target measurements onlyhalo of the beam will be used Therefore no deterioration ofthe main beam will be introduced The experiments at otherinteraction pointswill not feel any presence of the fixed targetSince the target ribbon should not interfere during the beamformation and acceleration process it should be lifted in theworking position after the tuning of the beam

In the ALICE measurements in 2011 in p-p run it was12sdot1011 protons per bunch 1380 bunches and life time of 145hours From these parameters one can estimate the particleloss of 11sdot1013 protons during one hour (31sdot109 protonss) andmean luminosity about 3sdot1030 cmminus2sminus1 for 500-micron leadribbon For Pb beam it was 1sdot108 ions per bunch 358 bunchesand life time of 65 hours The particle loss is about 51sdot109ions during one hour (14sdot106 ionss) The mean luminosityis about 17sdot1027 cmminus2sminus1 for 500-micron lead ribbon Theluminosity estimates are shown in Table 1 The value of thenucleon-nucleon charmonium total production cross sectionshown in Table 1 for 14 TeV was calculated by CEM (ColorEvaporation Model) [73] with MRST HO PDF The crosssections for lower energies were obtained by interpolation ofproton-proton cross sections measured at RHIC at radicsNN =200GeV and at SPS in the NA51 experiment at 450GeV pernucleon (radicsNN = 291 GeV) and were extracted from the dataof the NA50 experiment at radicsNN = 274GeV for proton-leadcollisions

Thehigh statistics results could be obtained by fixed targetexperiments on 119869120595 production in p-Pb and Pb-Pb collisionswith the counting rate values presented in Table 1 For Pb-Pb collisions luminosity is smaller but the production crosssection is largerThemeasurement of120595(2S) production is alsofeasible with better statistical accuracy than at RHIC collider

Thefixed target experimentAFTERusing the LHCbeamsextracted by a bent crystal was proposed [74]The experiment


dNdpT

pT (GeVc)

dNdy

Generated

J120595

Entries 30000

Accepted (z0 = 0)

Accepted (z0 = +50 cm)

Generated

J120595

Accepted (z0 = 0)


2000

3000

2500

1500

1000

500

00 2 4 6 8 10

yLab

minus8 minus6 minus4 minus2 0 2 4

400

350

300

250

200

150

100

50

0

Generated

J120595

Accepted (z0 = 0)


(a)

pT (GeVc)0 2 4 6 8 10

Acce

ptan

ce (

)

Acce

ptan

ce (

)

30

25

20

15

10

5

0

yLab

0

10

20

30

40

50

60

minus45 minus4 minus35 minus3 minus25 minus2

(b)

Figure 8 Transverse momentum and rapidity distributions for 119869120595 events produced at 119911 = +50 cm (solid lines) and 119911 = 0 (dashed lines) infixed target Pb-Pb collisions atradic119904 = 718GeV per nucleon pair (a) and corresponding acceptances (b)

Table 1 Luminosity cross sections (119909119865gt 0) and counting rates

System radic119904 TeV 120590NN 120583b120590pA 120583b

(A092 120590NN)119868 IB 120590pA 120583b 119871 cmminus2sminus1 Rate hminus1

pp 14 541 541 47 0150 3 sdot 1030 1620ppRHIC 0200 27 27 36 00057 1 sdot 1031 205pPbNA50 00274 019 257 140 0212 7 sdot 1029 535pPbfixed 01146 065 802 60 0310 3 sdot 1030lowast 3360pPbfixed 00718 055 746 80 0349 3 sdot 1030lowast 3780PbPbfixed 00718 055 11970 80 429 17 sdot 1027lowastlowast 292lowastpPbfixed 500120583 wire 31 sdot 10

9 protonsslowastlowastPbPbfixed 500120583 wire 14 sdot 10

6 ionss

AFTER has a wide physical program and gives possibility ofusing different targets with high thickness so it gets higherluminosity (20 timesmore for 1 cm target versus 500120583m) Butthe experiment AFTERdemands a lot of space for installationand has high cost

Fixed target experiment with the target in the formof thin ribbon may be placed at the existing experimentalinstallation (eg LHCb) The target could be lifted in theworking position with the aid of rotation system only afterbeam tuning This experiment will use only halo of the beam


dNdpT

2000

2500

1500

1000

500

0

Entries 30000

Generated

J120595

Accepted (z0 = 0)


Generated

J120595

Accepted (z0 = 0)


pT (GeVc)0 2 4 6 8 10

dNdy

350

300

250

200

150

100

50

0

yLab


(a)

Acce

ptan

ce (

)

0

10

20

30

40

50

pT (GeVc)0 2 4 6 8 10

yLab


Acce

ptan

ce (

)

0

10

20

30

40

50

60

(b)

Figure 9 Transverse momentum and rapidity distributions for 119869120595 events produced at 119911 = +50 cm (solid line) and at 119911 = 0 (dashed line) infixed target p-A collisions atradic119904NN = 1146GeV per nucleon pair (a) and corresponding acceptances (b)

(the target could be used as extra collimator)This fixed targetexperiment with the target in the form of thin ribbon lookslike a first stage of more complicated experiment AFTER

6 Conclusion

The fixed target experiment at LHC will give possibilityfor precise quarkonium studies at energies below nominalRHIC energy (200GeV) It has advantage of high luminositycompared to collider experiments The use of fixed targetat LHC could provide in a short time the data for differenttargets and maybe for different projectile nuclei with highstatistics By using the LHC beams the data could be takenin the range radic119904NN = 29ndash115GeV Search for signature ofthe phase transition and location of the critical point is themain goal of energy scan Moreover this is a possibility ofinvestigating the mechanism of charmonium 119869120595 and120595(2S)

productions to separate the possibilities of hard productionand then suppression by hadronic dissociation in QGP orsecondary production with recombination Additional 119869120595mesons are expected to be produced from deconfined charmquarks by kinetic recombination in the QGP or by statisticalhadronization at the phase boundary The probability ofrecombination decreases with decreasing energy of collisionTherefore the important information about mechanism ofcharmonium production and possible QGP formation couldbe obtainedThe experiment with the fixed target in the formof thin ribbon looks like a first stage of more complicatedexperiment AFTER on the LHC beams

Conflict of Interests

The authors declare that there is no conflict of interestsregarding the publication of this paper


References

[1] T Matsui and H Satz ldquoJ120595 suppression by quark-gluon plasmaformationrdquo Physics Letters B vol 178 no 4 pp 416ndash422 1986

[2] M C Abreu J Astruc C Baglin et al ldquoJ120595 and 1205951015840 production

in p O and S induced reactions at SPS energiesrdquo Physics LettersB vol 466 no 2ndash4 pp 408ndash414 1999

[3] M C Abreu B Alessandro C Alexa et al ldquoAnomalous J120595suppression in Pb-Pb interactions at 158 GeVc per nucleonrdquoPhysics Letters B vol 410 no 2ndash4 pp 337ndash343 1997

[4] B Alessandro C Alexa R Arnaldi et al ldquoA new measurementof 119869120595 suppression in Pb-Pb collisions at 158GeV per nucleonrdquoThe European Physical Journal C vol 39 pp 335ndash345 2005

[5] B Alessandro C Alexa R Arnaldi et al ldquoCharmonia andDrell-Yan production in proton-nucleus collisions at the CERNSPSrdquo Physics Letters B vol 553 pp 167ndash178 2003

[6] B Alessandro C Alexa R Arnaldi et al ldquo119869120595 and 1205951015840 pro-

duction and their normal nuclear absorption in proton-nucleuscollisions at 400GeVrdquoThe European Physical Journal C vol 48no 2 pp 329ndash341 2006

[7] B Alessandro C Alexa R Arnaldi et al ldquo1205951015840 production inPbndashPb collisions at 158GeVnucleonrdquo The European PhysicalJournal C vol 49 no 2 pp 559ndash567 2007

[8] R Arnaldi and The NA60 Collaboration ldquoJ120595 production inp-A and A-A collisions at fixed target experimentsrdquo NuclearPhysics A vol 830 no 1ndash4 pp 345cndash352c 2009

[9] B Alessandro C Alexa R Arnaldi et al ldquo119869120595 production inproton-nucleus collisions at 158 and 400GeVrdquo Physics Letters Bvol 706 no 4-5 pp 263ndash267 2012

[10] I Abt M Adams M Agari et al ldquoKinematic distributionsand nuclear effects of 119869120595 production in 920GeV fixed-targetproton-nucleus collisionsrdquoTheEuropeanPhysical Journal C vol60 no 4 pp 525ndash542 2009

[11] M J Leitch W M Lee M E Beddo et al ldquoMeasurement ofdifferences between 119869120595 and 1205951015840 suppression in pminusA collisionsrdquoPhysical Review Letters vol 84 no 15 pp 3256ndash3260 2000

[12] A Adare S Afanasiev C Aidala et al ldquo119869120595 Production versuscentrality transverse momentum and rapidity in Au + Aucollisions at radic119904

119873119873= 200GeVrdquo Physical Review Letters vol 98

Article ID 232301 2007[13] A Adare S Afanasiev C Aidala et al ldquoJ120595 suppression at

forward rapidity in Au + Au collisions at radic119904119873119873

= 200 GeVrdquoPhysical Review C vol 84 Article ID 054912 2011

[14] A Adare S Afanasiev C Aidala et al ldquoGround and excitedstate charmonium production in 119901 + 119901 collisions at radic119904 =

200GeVrdquo Physical Review D vol 85 no 9 Article ID 09200427 pages 2012

[15] A Adare S Afanasiev C Aidala et al ldquo119869120595 production inradic119904119873119873

= 200GeV Cu + Cu collisionsrdquo Physical Review Lettersvol 101 Article ID 122301 2008

[16] A Adare S Afanasiev C Aidala et al ldquoCold nuclear mattereffects on J120595 yields as a function of rapidity and nucleargeometry in d+A collisions at radic119904

119873119873= 200GeVrdquo Physical

Review Letters vol 107 Article ID 142301 2011[17] L Adamczyk J K Adkins G Agakishiev et al ldquo119869120595 production

at low 119901119879 in Au+Au and Cu+Cu collisions atradic119904119873119873

= 200 GeVwith the STARdetectorrdquoPhysical ReviewC vol 90 no 2 ArticleID 24906 13 pages 2014

[18] J Adams C Adler M M Aggarwal et al ldquoJ120595 production athigh transverse momenta in p+p and Au + Au collisions atradic119904119873119873

= 200 GeVrdquo Physics Letters B vol 722 pp 55ndash62 2013

[19] B I Abelev M Aggarwal Z Ahammed and etaL ldquo119869120595production at high transverse momenta in 119901 + 119901 and Cu +Cu collisions at radic119904

119873119873= 200GeVrdquo Physical Review C vol 80

Article ID 041902(R) 2009[20] H Brambilla S Eidelman B K Heltsley et al ldquoHeavy quarko-

nium progress puzzles and opportunitiesrdquo The EuropeanPhysical Journal C vol 71 article 1534 2011

[21] R L Thews ldquoQuarkonium formation in statistical and kineticmodelsrdquo The European Physical Journal C vol 43 no 1ndash4 pp97ndash102 2005

[22] R L Thews and M L Mangano ldquoMomentum spectra ofcharmonium produced in a quark-gluon plasmardquo PhysicalReview C vol 73 no 1 Article ID 014904 2006

[23] A Andronic P Braun-Munzinger K Redlich and J StachelldquoCharmoniumandopen charmproduction in nuclear collisionsat SPSFAIR energies and the possible influence of a hothadronic mediumrdquo Physics Letters B vol 659 no 1-2 pp 149ndash155 2008

[24] P Braun-Munzinger and J Stachel ldquo(Non)thermal aspects ofcharmonium production and a new look at J120595 suppressionrdquoPhysics Letters B vol 490 no 3-4 pp 196ndash202 2000

[25] K Aamodt A Abrahantes Quintana D Adamova et alldquoErratum to lsquoRapidity and transverse momentum dependenceof inclusive 119869120595 production in pp collisions at radic119904 = 7TeVrsquoPhysics Letters B vol 704 no 5 p 442 2011rdquo Physics Letters Bvol 718 no 2 pp 692ndash698 2012

[26] B Abelev J Adam D Adamova et al ldquoCentrality rapidity andtransversemomentumdependence of J120595 suppression in Pb-Pbcollisions at radic119904

119873119873= 276rdquo Physics Letters B vol 734 pp 314ndash

327 2014[27] S Chatrchyan V Khachatryan A M Sirunyan et al ldquo119869120595 and

120595 (2S) production in pp collisions atradic119904 = 7Tevrdquo Journal ofHighEnergy Physics vol 2012 article 11 2012

[28] S Chatrchyan V Khachatryan A M Sirunyan et al ldquoSup-pression of non-prompt J120595 prompt J120595 and Υ (1S) in PbPbcollisions at radic119904

119873119873= 276 TeVrdquo Journal of High Energy Physics

vol 2012 no 5 article 63 2012[29] G Aad B Abbott J Abdallah et al ldquoMeasurement of the

differential cross-sections of inclusive prompt and non-prompt119869120595 production in protonndashproton collisions at radic119904 = 7 TeVrdquoNuclear Physics B vol 850 no 3 pp 387ndash444 2011

[30] G Aad B Abbott J Abdallah et al ldquoMeasurement of thecentrality dependence of J120595 yields and observation of Zproduction in lead-lead collisions with the ATLAS detector atthe LHCrdquo Physics Letters B vol 697 no 4 pp 294ndash312 2011

[31] R Aaij B Adeva M Adinolfi et al ldquoMeasurement of 119869120595

production in pp collisions at radic119904 = 7TeVrdquo The EuropeanPhysical Journal C vol 71 article 1645 2011

[32] R Aaij C A Beteta A Adametz et al ldquoMeasurement of 119869120595production in pp collisions at radic119904 = 276 TeVrdquo Journal of HighEnergy Physics vol 2013 no 02 article 041 2013

[33] B Abelev J Adam D Adamova et al ldquoMeasurement of prompt119869120595 and beauty hadron production cross sections at mid-rapidity in pp collisions at radic119904 = 7TeVrdquo Journal of High EnergyPhysics vol 2012 no 11 article 065 2012

[34] J Badier J Boucrot J Bourotte et al ldquoExperimental 119869120595

hadronic production from 150 to 280 GeVcrdquo Zeitschrift furPhysik C vol 20 no 2 pp 101ndash106 1983

[35] AD Frawley ldquoPHENIX charmonia what havewe learned fromd+Au collisionsrdquo Nuclear Physics A vol 932 pp 105ndash110 2014


[36] X Zhao and R Rapp ldquoCharmonium in medium from cor-relators to experimentrdquo Physical Review C vol 82 Article ID064905 2010

[37] Y Liu Z Qu N Xu and P Zhuang ldquoJ120595 transverse momentumdistribution in high energy nuclear collisionsrdquo Physics Letters Bvol 678 no 1 pp 72ndash76 2009

[38] A Adare C Aidala N N Ajitanand et al ldquoNuclear mattereffects on J120595 production in asymmetric Cu +Au collisions atradic119904119873119873

= 200GeVrdquoPhysical ReviewC vol 90 Article ID 0649082014

[39] A Iordnova ldquoNuclear matter effects on J120595 production inCu+Au and U+U collisions in PHENIXrdquo in Proceedings of theInternationalWorkshop on Deep-Inelastic Scattering and RelatedSubjects (DIS rsquo14) p 191 2014

[40] W Zha ldquoRecent measurements of quarkonium production in p+ p and A + A collisions from the STAR experimentrdquo NuclearPhysics A vol 931 pp 596ndash600 2014

[41] A Adare C Aidala N N Ajitanand et al ldquo119869120595 suppression atforward rapidity in Au+Au collisions at radic119904

119873119873= 39 and 624

GeVrdquo Physical Review C vol 86 no 6 Article ID 064901 10pages 2012

[42] B Abelev J Adam D Adamova et al ldquoMeasurement ofquarkonium production at forward rapidity in pp collisions atradic119904 = 7 TeVrdquo The European Physical Journal C vol 74 article2974 2014

[43] B Abelev J Adam D Adamova et al ldquoJ120595 suppression atforward rapidity in Pb-Pb collisions at radic119904

119873119873= 276 TeVrdquo

Physical Review Letters vol 109 Article ID 072301 2012[44] B Abelev J Adam D Adamova et al ldquoJ120595 production and

nuclear effects in p-Pb collisions at radic119904NN = 52 TeVrdquo Journalof High Energy Physics vol 2014 no 2 article 73 2014

[45] B Abelev J Adam D Adamova et al ldquo119869120595 Production andnuclear effects in p-Pb collisions at radic119904NN = 502TeVrdquo Journalof High Energy Physics vol 2014 no 12 article 73 2014

[46] B Abelev and ALICE Collaboration ldquoProduction of inclusiveΥ(1S) andΥ (2S) in pndashPb collisions atradicsNN = 502 TeVrdquo PhysicsLetters B vol 740 pp 105ndash117 2015

[47] CMS Collaboration ldquoMeasurement of the Υ(1S) Υ(2S) andΥ(3S) cross sections in pp collisions at radic119904 = 7 TeVrdquo PhysicsLetters B vol 727 no 1ndash3 pp 101ndash125 2013

[48] S Chatrchyan V Khachatryan A M Sirunyan et al ldquoObser-vation of sequential Υ suppression in PbPb collisionsrdquo PhysicalReview Letters vol 109 no 22 Article ID 222301 15 pages 2012

[49] S Chatrchyan V Khachatryan A M Sirunyan et al ldquoIndica-tions of suppression of excited Υ states in Pb-Pb collisions atradic119904NN = 276TeVrdquo Physical Review Letters vol 107 Article ID052302 2011

[50] R Aaij B Adeva M Adinolfi et al ldquoStudy of 119869120595 productionand cold nuclear matter effects in p Pb collisions at radic119904

119873119873=

5TeVrdquo Journal of High Energy Physics vol 2014 no 2 article72 2014

[51] R Aaij B Adeva M Adinolfi et al ldquoStudy ofΥ production andcold nuclear matter effects in 119901Pb collisions at radic119904

119873119873= 5 TeVrdquo

Journal of High Energy Physics vol 2014 no 7 article 094 2014[52] B Abelev J Adam D Adamova et al ldquo119869120595 production as a

function of charged particle multiplicity in pp collisions atradic119904 =

7Tevrdquo Physics Letters B vol 712 no 3 pp 165ndash175 2012[53] H Fujii and K Watanable ldquoHeavy quark pair production in

high-energy pA collisions quarkoniumrdquoNuclear Physics A vol915 pp 1ndash23 2013

[54] J L Abbacete N Armesto R Baier et al ldquoPredictions for119901+119875119887

collisions at radic119904119873119873

= 5TeVrdquo International Journal of ModernPhysics E vol 22 Article ID 1330007 2013

[55] F Arleo and S Peigne ldquoHeavy-quarkonium suppression in p-Acollisions from parton energy loss in cold QCDmatterrdquo Journalof High Energy Physics vol 2013 no 3 article 122 2013

[56] F Arle1o R Kolevativ S Peigne andM Rustamova ldquoCentralityand 119901

perpdependence of J120595 suppression in proton-nucleus

collisions from parton energy lossrdquo Journal of High EnergyPhysics vol 2013 no 5 article 155 2013

[57] R Aaij B Adeva M Adinolfi et al ldquoStudy of Υ production andcold nuclear matter effects in p Pb collisions at radic119904

119873119873= 5 TeVrdquo

Journal of High Energy Physics vol 2014 no 7 article 94 2014[58] R Aaij C A Beteta B Adeva et al ldquoMeasurement of Υ

production in 119901119901 collisions at radic119904 = 7 TeVrdquo The EuropeanPhysical Journal C vol 72 article 2025 2012

[59] V Khachatryan A M Sirunyan A Tumasyan et al ldquoUpsilonproduction cross section in pp collisions at radic119904 = 7 TeVrdquoPhysical Review D vol 83 no 11 Article ID 112004 27 pages2011

[60] A Emerick X Zhao and R Rapp ldquoBottomonia in the quark-gluon plasma and their production at RHIC and LHCrdquo TheEuropean Physical Journal A vol 48 article 72 2012

[61] B Abelev J Adam D Adamova et al ldquoSuppression of Υ(1S)at forward rapidity in PbndashPb collisions at radic119904NN = 276TevrdquoPhysics Letters B vol 738 pp 361ndash372 2014

[62] A Zhou N Xu Z Xu and P Zhuang ldquoMedium effects oncharmonium production at ultrarelativistic energies available atthe CERN Large Hadron Colliderrdquo Physical Review C vol 89Article ID 054911 2014

[63] C Hohne ldquoMeasurement of dileptons with the CBM experi-ment at FAIRrdquo Nuclear Physics A vol 931 pp 735ndash739 2014

[64] A Sissakian A Sorin I Meshkov et al ldquoDesign and con-struction of Nuclotron-based Ion Collider fAcility (NICA)rdquoConceptual Design Report JINR Dubna Russia 2008

[65] F Fleuret F Arleo E G Ferreiro P-B Gossiauxd and SPeigne ldquoExpression of Interest for an experiment to studycharm production with proton and heavy ion beams (CHICCharm in Heavy Ion Collisions)rdquo CERN-SPSC-2012-031IPC-EOI-008 2012

[66] B Haag O Hajkova A Hamed et al ldquoA fixed-target programfor STAR extending the low energy reach of the RHIC beamenergy scanrdquo QM2014 Quark Matter Poster 2014

[67] R Hagedorn ldquoMultiplicities 119901119879distributions and the expected

hadron-quark-gluon phase transitionrdquo La Rivista del NuovoCimento vol 6 pp 1ndash50 1983

[68] M Ferro-Luzzi ldquoLuminosity and luminous region shape forpure Gaussian bunchesrdquo Tech Rep CERN-LHCb-PUB-2012-016 2012

[69] A B Kurepin N S Topilskaya and M B Golubeva ldquoCharmo-niumproduction in fixed-target experimentswith SPS andLHCbeams atCERNrdquoPhysics of AtomicNuclei vol 74 no 3 pp 446ndash452 2011

[70] M Kramer ldquoQuarkonium production at high-energy collidersrdquoProgress in Particle andNuclear Physics vol 47 no 1 pp 141ndash2012001

[71] E Braaten S Fleming and A K Leibovich ldquoNonrelativisticQCD analysis of bottomonium production at the FermilabTevatronrdquo Physical Review D vol 63 no 9 Article ID 0940062001


[72] K Ehret ldquoCommissioning of the HERA-B internal target usingthe HERA proton ring as a B-factoryrdquo Nuclear Instruments andMethods in Physics Research A vol 446 no 1-2 pp 190ndash1982000

[73] V D Barger W Y Keung and R J Phillips ldquoOn 120595 and Υ

production via gluonsrdquo Physics Letters B vol 91 no 2 pp 253ndash258 1980

[74] S J Brodsky F Fleuret C Hadjidakis and J P LansbergldquoPhysics opportunities of a fixed-target experiment using LHCbeamsrdquo Physics Reports vol 522 no 4 pp 239ndash255 2013

Submit your manuscripts athttpwwwhindawicom

Hindawi Publishing Corporationhttpwwwhindawicom Volume 2014

High Energy PhysicsAdvances in

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ThermodynamicsJournal of


in order to investigate the mechanism of production themedium effects and conditions for the Quark-Gluon Plasmaformation If it would be possible to use the proton andion beams at the LHC with fixed targets the data in theenergy interval between maximum energy of the SPS (radic119904 sim

29GeV) and the nominal RHIC energy (radic119904 = 200GeV) in p-A and A-A collisions could be obtained For 045 TeV protonbeam the energy in N-N centre-of-mass system is radic119904NN= 291 GeV for 7 TeV proton beam radic119904NN = 1146GeV andfor 275 TeVPb beam radic119904NN = 718GeV The high statisticsdata on quarkonium production at these energies will givethe possibility of clarifying the mechanism of charmoniumproduction to investigate the importance of recombinationprocess since the probability of recombination decreaseswith decreasing the energy of collisions

2 Charmonium Production at the CERN SPS

The productions of 119869120595 and 120595(2S) have been studied atthe CERN SPS by the NA50 experiment Data have beentaken for Pb-Pb collisions at 158GeV per nucleon [3 7]and for p-A collisions at 450 [4 5] and 400GeV [6] Thenuclear suppression of the 119869120595 production in proton-nucleusreactions and an anomalous suppression in central lead-leadcollisions were observed [3 7] In the NA60 experimentthe 119869120595 production was measured in In-In collisions at158GeV per nucleon [8] and in p-A collisions at 400 and158GeV [9] The NA60 results in p-A collisions at 400GeVconfirm the NA50 values of absorption cross section at thesame energy On the other hand the NA60 158GeV p-Adata give higher values of absorption Rather strong energydependence of the absorption cross section was observedHowever the older NA3 119869120595 results at 200GeV [34] are inpartial contradiction with these observations and give valuesof absorption cross section similar to those obtained at thehigher energy This difference has not yet been satisfactorilyexplained by theoretical models Therefore it is important tomeasure the charmonium production cross sections in p-pp-A and A-A collisions at the same energy and in the samekinematic domain

The heavy-quark pair can interact with the nuclearmatterand eventually break up It is the effect of nuclear absorptionThe cold nuclear matter (CNM) effect in suppression of the119869120595 production includes not only nuclear absorption butalso the shadowing effect that is the modification of theparton distribution function in nuclear matter compared tothe free nucleon If shadowing is taken into account theamount of the anomalous 119869120595 suppression is reduced Also itis necessary to consider the energy loss of partons in nuclearmatter The charmonium can also interact with surroundingcomovers and lose energy or even break up

For In-In collisions at 158GeV per nucleon after adjust-ment for the effects of cold nuclear matter the additionalsuppression becomes quite small But the value of the anoma-lous suppression in the most central Pb-Pb collisions is of theorder of 20ndash30 So to extract the effects of hot and densenuclear matter in the 119869120595 production at the SPS energiesthe CNM effects and feed-down production from highercharmonium states must be taken into account

3 Charmonium Production at the RelativisticHeavy Ion Collider RHIC

At the RHIC the production of 119869120595 was measured inp-p d-Au Au-Au and Cu-Cu collisions by the PHENIXexperiment at radic119904NN = 200GeV energy in the N-N centre-of-mass [12ndash16] To quantify the suppression of the 119869120595

production in heavy ion collisions the nuclear modificationfactor 119877AA was introduced

119877AA equiv119889119873AA119889119910

(119889119873pp119889119910 sdot ⟨119873coll⟩) (1)

which is the ratio of the 119869120595 yield in A-A collisions normal-ized to the number of binary collisions119873coll to the 119869120595 yieldin p-p collisions The nuclear modification factor has beenmeasured as a function of several parameters the centralityof collisions the multiplicity the transverse momentum andthe number of participants (119873part)

The suppression of the 119869120595 production in Au-Au col-lisions is considerably stronger at forward rapidity range12 lt |119910| lt 22 than at midrapidity |119910| lt 035 ThePHENIX data for Au-Au and d-Au collisions were analyzedsimultaneously for estimation of the CNM contributionThe nuclear modification factor for cold nuclear matter119877AA(CNM)was obtained inAu-Au collisions at themeasuredrapidity ranges [20] The ratio 119877AA119877AA(CNM) estimates thevalue of additional suppression of the 119869120595 production in thehot and dense nuclear matter produced in relativistic heavyions collisionsThe119877AA119877AA(CNM) ratio atradic119904NN = 200GeVis similar to the forward rapidity andmidrapidity and reachesabout 50 for the most central events

Comparison of the 119877AA119877AA(CNM) ratio estimated forNA50 NA60 and PHENIX data versus 119889119873119889120578 at pseudo-rapidity 120578 = 0 which is proportional to the energy densityshows that at RHIC energy anomalous suppression of 119869120595 forcolliding nuclei is the same as at SPS energy [20] (Figure 1)

The nuclear modification factor for cold matter119877AA(CNM) was obtained under the assumption that inp-p p-A and d-Au collisions at SPS and RHIC energiesthe hot and dense nuclear matter is not formed There aresome indications that the hot matter effects could present ind-Au collisions at the RHIC energies [35] These effects maycontribute to p-p and p-A collisions at higher energies

The production of 119869120595 in p-p Au-Au and Cu-Cucollisions was measured also by STAR experiment at theRHIC at midrapidity |119910| lt 1 for low 119901

119879lt 5GeVc [17]

and for high 119901119879

gt 5GeVc [18 19] The value of 119877AA inAu-Au collisions shows strong suppression at low trans-verse momentum but the suppression decreases significantlywith increasing momentum The 119869120595 suppression in Au-Au collisions at low 119901

119879lt 5GeVc and at midrapidity is

compatible to that measured by PHENIX It was found thatthe results are consistent with models that include colorscreening and regeneration [36 37] The data from PHENIXshow a significant suppression in midcentral and centralCu-Cu collisions [15] The STAR Cu-Cu data [19] exhibitno suppression but the precision is limited by the availablestatistics


14

12

1

08

06

04

RA

AR

AA

(CN

M)

0 100 200 300 400 500 600 700 800

EKS98 CNM baseline



dNd120578|120578=0
















0 2 4 6 8 10 12 14 16 18 20

pT (GeVc)

d2120590(dpTdy)

(120583b

(GeV

c))





1

10minus1

10minus2

10minus3

10minus4

10minus5

(a)

0 2 4 6 8 10 12 14 16

pT (GeVc)




d2120590(dpTdy)

(120583b

(GeV

c))

1

10minus1

10minus2

10minus3

10minus4

(b)













00 50 100 150 200 250 300 350 400

02

04

06

08

1

12

14R

AA

⟨Npart⟩






(a)

00 50 100 150 200 250 300 350 400

02

04

06

08

1

12

14

RA

A

⟨Npart⟩






(b)


0

02

04

06

08

1

12

14

RpP

b


0 lt pT lt 15GeVc
















0

02

04

06

08

1

12

14

16

18R

pPb

1 3 5 70 2 4 6 8

pT (GeVc)


EPS09 NLO (Vogt)

J120595

120595(2S)


(a)

0

02

04

06

08

1

12

14

16

18

RpP

b

1 3 5 70 2 4 6 8

pT (GeVc)


EPS09 NLO (Vogt)

J120595

120595(2S)


(b)












0

02

04

06

08

1

12

14R

AA


Regenerated




(a)

0

02

04

06

08

1

12

14

RA

A

0 50 100 150 200 250 300 350⟨Npart⟩


Regenerated



(b)


0

02

04

06

08

1

12

14

RpP

b




















119879


119889119873

119889119901119879

sim 119901119879[1+(

35120587119901119879

256 ⟨119901119879⟩)

2

]

minus6

(2)











119889119873

119889119901119879

sim 119901119879[1+(

35120587119901119879

256 ⟨119901119879⟩)

2

]

minus6

(3)











dNdpT

pT (GeVc)

dNdy

Generated

J120595

Entries 30000

Accepted (z0 = 0)


Generated

J120595

Accepted (z0 = 0)


2000

3000

2500

1500

1000

500

00 2 4 6 8 10

yLab


400

350

300

250

200

150

100

50

0

Generated

J120595

Accepted (z0 = 0)


(a)

pT (GeVc)0 2 4 6 8 10

Acce

ptan

ce (

)

Acce

ptan

ce (

)

30

25

20

15

10

5

0

yLab

0

10

20

30

40

50

60


(b)







6 ionss




dNdpT

2000

2500

1500

1000

500

0

Entries 30000

Generated

J120595

Accepted (z0 = 0)


Generated

J120595

Accepted (z0 = 0)


pT (GeVc)0 2 4 6 8 10

dNdy

350

300

250

200

150

100

50

0

yLab


(a)

Acce

ptan

ce (

)

0

10

20

30

40

50

pT (GeVc)0 2 4 6 8 10

yLab


Acce

ptan

ce (

)

0

10

20

30

40

50

60

(b)



6 Conclusion






References































































119873119873= 39 and 624




119873119873= 276 TeVrdquo









119873119873=



119873119873= 5 TeVrdquo













119873119873= 5 TeVrdquo



























FluidsJournal of


Journal of










Superconductivity




GravityJournal of








Journal of






Volume 2014


PhotonicsJournal of


Journal of

Biophysics




14

12

1

08

06

04

RA

AR

AA

(CN

M)

0 100 200 300 400 500 600 700 800

EKS98 CNM baseline



dNd120578|120578=0
















0 2 4 6 8 10 12 14 16 18 20

pT (GeVc)

d2120590(dpTdy)

(120583b

(GeV

c))





1

10minus1

10minus2

10minus3

10minus4

10minus5

(a)

0 2 4 6 8 10 12 14 16

pT (GeVc)




d2120590(dpTdy)

(120583b

(GeV

c))

1

10minus1

10minus2

10minus3

10minus4

(b)













00 50 100 150 200 250 300 350 400

02

04

06

08

1

12

14R

AA

⟨Npart⟩






(a)

00 50 100 150 200 250 300 350 400

02

04

06

08

1

12

14

RA

A

⟨Npart⟩






(b)


0

02

04

06

08

1

12

14

RpP

b


0 lt pT lt 15GeVc
















0

02

04

06

08

1

12

14

16

18R

pPb

1 3 5 70 2 4 6 8

pT (GeVc)


EPS09 NLO (Vogt)

J120595

120595(2S)


(a)

0

02

04

06

08

1

12

14

16

18

RpP

b

1 3 5 70 2 4 6 8

pT (GeVc)


EPS09 NLO (Vogt)

J120595

120595(2S)


(b)












0

02

04

06

08

1

12

14R

AA


Regenerated




(a)

0

02

04

06

08

1

12

14

RA

A

0 50 100 150 200 250 300 350⟨Npart⟩


Regenerated



(b)


0

02

04

06

08

1

12

14

RpP

b




















119879


119889119873

119889119901119879

sim 119901119879[1+(

35120587119901119879

256 ⟨119901119879⟩)

2

]

minus6

(2)











119889119873

119889119901119879

sim 119901119879[1+(

35120587119901119879

256 ⟨119901119879⟩)

2

]

minus6

(3)











dNdpT

pT (GeVc)

dNdy

Generated

J120595

Entries 30000

Accepted (z0 = 0)


Generated

J120595

Accepted (z0 = 0)


2000

3000

2500

1500

1000

500

00 2 4 6 8 10

yLab


400

350

300

250

200

150

100

50

0

Generated

J120595

Accepted (z0 = 0)


(a)

pT (GeVc)0 2 4 6 8 10

Acce

ptan

ce (

)

Acce

ptan

ce (

)

30

25

20

15

10

5

0

yLab

0

10

20

30

40

50

60


(b)







6 ionss




dNdpT

2000

2500

1500

1000

500

0

Entries 30000

Generated

J120595

Accepted (z0 = 0)


Generated

J120595

Accepted (z0 = 0)


pT (GeVc)0 2 4 6 8 10

dNdy

350

300

250

200

150

100

50

0

yLab


(a)

Acce

ptan

ce (

)

0

10

20

30

40

50

pT (GeVc)0 2 4 6 8 10

yLab


Acce

ptan

ce (

)

0

10

20

30

40

50

60

(b)



6 Conclusion






References































































119873119873= 39 and 624




119873119873= 276 TeVrdquo









119873119873=



119873119873= 5 TeVrdquo













119873119873= 5 TeVrdquo



























FluidsJournal of


Journal of










Superconductivity




GravityJournal of








Journal of






Volume 2014


PhotonicsJournal of


Journal of

Biophysics




0 2 4 6 8 10 12 14 16 18 20

pT (GeVc)

d2120590(dpTdy)

(120583b

(GeV

c))





1

10minus1

10minus2

10minus3

10minus4

10minus5

(a)

0 2 4 6 8 10 12 14 16

pT (GeVc)




d2120590(dpTdy)

(120583b

(GeV

c))

1

10minus1

10minus2

10minus3

10minus4

(b)













00 50 100 150 200 250 300 350 400

02

04

06

08

1

12

14R

AA

⟨Npart⟩






(a)

00 50 100 150 200 250 300 350 400

02

04

06

08

1

12

14

RA

A

⟨Npart⟩






(b)


0

02

04

06

08

1

12

14

RpP

b


0 lt pT lt 15GeVc
















0

02

04

06

08

1

12

14

16

18R

pPb

1 3 5 70 2 4 6 8

pT (GeVc)


EPS09 NLO (Vogt)

J120595

120595(2S)


(a)

0

02

04

06

08

1

12

14

16

18

RpP

b

1 3 5 70 2 4 6 8

pT (GeVc)


EPS09 NLO (Vogt)

J120595

120595(2S)


(b)












0

02

04

06

08

1

12

14R

AA


Regenerated




(a)

0

02

04

06

08

1

12

14

RA

A

0 50 100 150 200 250 300 350⟨Npart⟩


Regenerated



(b)


0

02

04

06

08

1

12

14

RpP

b




















119879


119889119873

119889119901119879

sim 119901119879[1+(

35120587119901119879

256 ⟨119901119879⟩)

2

]

minus6

(2)











119889119873

119889119901119879

sim 119901119879[1+(

35120587119901119879

256 ⟨119901119879⟩)

2

]

minus6

(3)











dNdpT

pT (GeVc)

dNdy

Generated

J120595

Entries 30000

Accepted (z0 = 0)


Generated

J120595

Accepted (z0 = 0)


2000

3000

2500

1500

1000

500

00 2 4 6 8 10

yLab


400

350

300

250

200

150

100

50

0

Generated

J120595

Accepted (z0 = 0)


(a)

pT (GeVc)0 2 4 6 8 10

Acce

ptan

ce (

)

Acce

ptan

ce (

)

30

25

20

15

10

5

0

yLab

0

10

20

30

40

50

60


(b)







6 ionss




dNdpT

2000

2500

1500

1000

500

0

Entries 30000

Generated

J120595

Accepted (z0 = 0)


Generated

J120595

Accepted (z0 = 0)


pT (GeVc)0 2 4 6 8 10

dNdy

350

300

250

200

150

100

50

0

yLab


(a)

Acce

ptan

ce (

)

0

10

20

30

40

50

pT (GeVc)0 2 4 6 8 10

yLab


Acce

ptan

ce (

)

0

10

20

30

40

50

60

(b)



6 Conclusion






References































































119873119873= 39 and 624




119873119873= 276 TeVrdquo









119873119873=



119873119873= 5 TeVrdquo













119873119873= 5 TeVrdquo



























FluidsJournal of


Journal of










Superconductivity




GravityJournal of








Journal of






Volume 2014


PhotonicsJournal of


Journal of

Biophysics




00 50 100 150 200 250 300 350 400

02

04

06

08

1

12

14R

AA

⟨Npart⟩






(a)

00 50 100 150 200 250 300 350 400

02

04

06

08

1

12

14

RA

A

⟨Npart⟩






(b)


0

02

04

06

08

1

12

14

RpP

b


0 lt pT lt 15GeVc
















0

02

04

06

08

1

12

14

16

18R

pPb

1 3 5 70 2 4 6 8

pT (GeVc)


EPS09 NLO (Vogt)

J120595

120595(2S)


(a)

0

02

04

06

08

1

12

14

16

18

RpP

b

1 3 5 70 2 4 6 8

pT (GeVc)


EPS09 NLO (Vogt)

J120595

120595(2S)


(b)












0

02

04

06

08

1

12

14R

AA


Regenerated




(a)

0

02

04

06

08

1

12

14

RA

A

0 50 100 150 200 250 300 350⟨Npart⟩


Regenerated



(b)


0

02

04

06

08

1

12

14

RpP

b




















119879


119889119873

119889119901119879

sim 119901119879[1+(

35120587119901119879

256 ⟨119901119879⟩)

2

]

minus6

(2)











119889119873

119889119901119879

sim 119901119879[1+(

35120587119901119879

256 ⟨119901119879⟩)

2

]

minus6

(3)











dNdpT

pT (GeVc)

dNdy

Generated

J120595

Entries 30000

Accepted (z0 = 0)


Generated

J120595

Accepted (z0 = 0)


2000

3000

2500

1500

1000

500

00 2 4 6 8 10

yLab


400

350

300

250

200

150

100

50

0

Generated

J120595

Accepted (z0 = 0)


(a)

pT (GeVc)0 2 4 6 8 10

Acce

ptan

ce (

)

Acce

ptan

ce (

)

30

25

20

15

10

5

0

yLab

0

10

20

30

40

50

60


(b)







6 ionss




dNdpT

2000

2500

1500

1000

500

0

Entries 30000

Generated

J120595

Accepted (z0 = 0)


Generated

J120595

Accepted (z0 = 0)


pT (GeVc)0 2 4 6 8 10

dNdy

350

300

250

200

150

100

50

0

yLab


(a)

Acce

ptan

ce (

)

0

10

20

30

40

50

pT (GeVc)0 2 4 6 8 10

yLab


Acce

ptan

ce (

)

0

10

20

30

40

50

60

(b)



6 Conclusion






References































































119873119873= 39 and 624




119873119873= 276 TeVrdquo









119873119873=



119873119873= 5 TeVrdquo













119873119873= 5 TeVrdquo



























FluidsJournal of


Journal of










Superconductivity




GravityJournal of








Journal of






Volume 2014


PhotonicsJournal of


Journal of

Biophysics




0

02

04

06

08

1

12

14

16

18R

pPb

1 3 5 70 2 4 6 8

pT (GeVc)


EPS09 NLO (Vogt)

J120595

120595(2S)


(a)

0

02

04

06

08

1

12

14

16

18

RpP

b

1 3 5 70 2 4 6 8

pT (GeVc)


EPS09 NLO (Vogt)

J120595

120595(2S)


(b)












0

02

04

06

08

1

12

14R

AA


Regenerated




(a)

0

02

04

06

08

1

12

14

RA

A

0 50 100 150 200 250 300 350⟨Npart⟩


Regenerated



(b)


0

02

04

06

08

1

12

14

RpP

b




















119879


119889119873

119889119901119879

sim 119901119879[1+(

35120587119901119879

256 ⟨119901119879⟩)

2

]

minus6

(2)











119889119873

119889119901119879

sim 119901119879[1+(

35120587119901119879

256 ⟨119901119879⟩)

2

]

minus6

(3)











dNdpT

pT (GeVc)

dNdy

Generated

J120595

Entries 30000

Accepted (z0 = 0)


Generated

J120595

Accepted (z0 = 0)


2000

3000

2500

1500

1000

500

00 2 4 6 8 10

yLab


400

350

300

250

200

150

100

50

0

Generated

J120595

Accepted (z0 = 0)


(a)

pT (GeVc)0 2 4 6 8 10

Acce

ptan

ce (

)

Acce

ptan

ce (

)

30

25

20

15

10

5

0

yLab

0

10

20

30

40

50

60


(b)







6 ionss




dNdpT

2000

2500

1500

1000

500

0

Entries 30000

Generated

J120595

Accepted (z0 = 0)


Generated

J120595

Accepted (z0 = 0)


pT (GeVc)0 2 4 6 8 10

dNdy

350

300

250

200

150

100

50

0

yLab


(a)

Acce

ptan

ce (

)

0

10

20

30

40

50

pT (GeVc)0 2 4 6 8 10

yLab


Acce

ptan

ce (

)

0

10

20

30

40

50

60

(b)



6 Conclusion






References































































119873119873= 39 and 624




119873119873= 276 TeVrdquo









119873119873=



119873119873= 5 TeVrdquo













119873119873= 5 TeVrdquo



























FluidsJournal of


Journal of










Superconductivity




GravityJournal of








Journal of






Volume 2014


PhotonicsJournal of


Journal of

Biophysics




0

02

04

06

08

1

12

14R

AA


Regenerated




(a)

0

02

04

06

08

1

12

14

RA

A

0 50 100 150 200 250 300 350⟨Npart⟩


Regenerated



(b)


0

02

04

06

08

1

12

14

RpP

b




















119879


119889119873

119889119901119879

sim 119901119879[1+(

35120587119901119879

256 ⟨119901119879⟩)

2

]

minus6

(2)











119889119873

119889119901119879

sim 119901119879[1+(

35120587119901119879

256 ⟨119901119879⟩)

2

]

minus6

(3)











dNdpT

pT (GeVc)

dNdy

Generated

J120595

Entries 30000

Accepted (z0 = 0)


Generated

J120595

Accepted (z0 = 0)


2000

3000

2500

1500

1000

500

00 2 4 6 8 10

yLab


400

350

300

250

200

150

100

50

0

Generated

J120595

Accepted (z0 = 0)


(a)

pT (GeVc)0 2 4 6 8 10

Acce

ptan

ce (

)

Acce

ptan

ce (

)

30

25

20

15

10

5

0

yLab

0

10

20

30

40

50

60


(b)







6 ionss




dNdpT

2000

2500

1500

1000

500

0

Entries 30000

Generated

J120595

Accepted (z0 = 0)


Generated

J120595

Accepted (z0 = 0)


pT (GeVc)0 2 4 6 8 10

dNdy

350

300

250

200

150

100

50

0

yLab


(a)

Acce

ptan

ce (

)

0

10

20

30

40

50

pT (GeVc)0 2 4 6 8 10

yLab


Acce

ptan

ce (

)

0

10

20

30

40

50

60

(b)



6 Conclusion






References































































119873119873= 39 and 624




119873119873= 276 TeVrdquo









119873119873=



119873119873= 5 TeVrdquo













119873119873= 5 TeVrdquo



























FluidsJournal of


Journal of










Superconductivity




GravityJournal of








Journal of






Volume 2014


PhotonicsJournal of


Journal of

Biophysics









119879


119889119873

119889119901119879

sim 119901119879[1+(

35120587119901119879

256 ⟨119901119879⟩)

2

]

minus6

(2)











119889119873

119889119901119879

sim 119901119879[1+(

35120587119901119879

256 ⟨119901119879⟩)

2

]

minus6

(3)











dNdpT

pT (GeVc)

dNdy

Generated

J120595

Entries 30000

Accepted (z0 = 0)


Generated

J120595

Accepted (z0 = 0)


2000

3000

2500

1500

1000

500

00 2 4 6 8 10

yLab


400

350

300

250

200

150

100

50

0

Generated

J120595

Accepted (z0 = 0)


(a)

pT (GeVc)0 2 4 6 8 10

Acce

ptan

ce (

)

Acce

ptan

ce (

)

30

25

20

15

10

5

0

yLab

0

10

20

30

40

50

60


(b)







6 ionss




dNdpT

2000

2500

1500

1000

500

0

Entries 30000

Generated

J120595

Accepted (z0 = 0)


Generated

J120595

Accepted (z0 = 0)


pT (GeVc)0 2 4 6 8 10

dNdy

350

300

250

200

150

100

50

0

yLab


(a)

Acce

ptan

ce (

)

0

10

20

30

40

50

pT (GeVc)0 2 4 6 8 10

yLab


Acce

ptan

ce (

)

0

10

20

30

40

50

60

(b)



6 Conclusion






References































































119873119873= 39 and 624




119873119873= 276 TeVrdquo









119873119873=



119873119873= 5 TeVrdquo













119873119873= 5 TeVrdquo



























FluidsJournal of


Journal of










Superconductivity




GravityJournal of








Journal of






Volume 2014


PhotonicsJournal of


Journal of

Biophysics




dNdpT

pT (GeVc)

dNdy

Generated

J120595

Entries 30000

Accepted (z0 = 0)


Generated

J120595

Accepted (z0 = 0)


2000

3000

2500

1500

1000

500

00 2 4 6 8 10

yLab


400

350

300

250

200

150

100

50

0

Generated

J120595

Accepted (z0 = 0)


(a)

pT (GeVc)0 2 4 6 8 10

Acce

ptan

ce (

)

Acce

ptan

ce (

)

30

25

20

15

10

5

0

yLab

0

10

20

30

40

50

60


(b)







6 ionss




dNdpT

2000

2500

1500

1000

500

0

Entries 30000

Generated

J120595

Accepted (z0 = 0)


Generated

J120595

Accepted (z0 = 0)


pT (GeVc)0 2 4 6 8 10

dNdy

350

300

250

200

150

100

50

0

yLab


(a)

Acce

ptan

ce (

)

0

10

20

30

40

50

pT (GeVc)0 2 4 6 8 10

yLab


Acce

ptan

ce (

)

0

10

20

30

40

50

60

(b)



6 Conclusion






References































































119873119873= 39 and 624




119873119873= 276 TeVrdquo









119873119873=



119873119873= 5 TeVrdquo













119873119873= 5 TeVrdquo



























FluidsJournal of


Journal of










Superconductivity




GravityJournal of








Journal of






Volume 2014


PhotonicsJournal of


Journal of

Biophysics




dNdpT

2000

2500

1500

1000

500

0

Entries 30000

Generated

J120595

Accepted (z0 = 0)


Generated

J120595

Accepted (z0 = 0)


pT (GeVc)0 2 4 6 8 10

dNdy

350

300

250

200

150

100

50

0

yLab


(a)

Acce

ptan

ce (

)

0

10

20

30

40

50

pT (GeVc)0 2 4 6 8 10

yLab


Acce

ptan

ce (

)

0

10

20

30

40

50

60

(b)



6 Conclusion






References































































119873119873= 39 and 624




119873119873= 276 TeVrdquo









119873119873=



119873119873= 5 TeVrdquo













119873119873= 5 TeVrdquo



























FluidsJournal of


Journal of










Superconductivity




GravityJournal of








Journal of






Volume 2014


PhotonicsJournal of


Journal of

Biophysics




References































































119873119873= 39 and 624




119873119873= 276 TeVrdquo









119873119873=



119873119873= 5 TeVrdquo













119873119873= 5 TeVrdquo



























FluidsJournal of


Journal of










Superconductivity




GravityJournal of








Journal of






Volume 2014


PhotonicsJournal of


Journal of

Biophysics











119873119873= 39 and 624




119873119873= 276 TeVrdquo









119873119873=



119873119873= 5 TeVrdquo













119873119873= 5 TeVrdquo



























FluidsJournal of


Journal of










Superconductivity




GravityJournal of








Journal of






Volume 2014


PhotonicsJournal of


Journal of

Biophysics













FluidsJournal of


Journal of










Superconductivity




GravityJournal of








Journal of






Volume 2014


PhotonicsJournal of


Journal of

Biophysics



review article quarkonium production and proposal of the ...quarkonia are important probes to study...

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